BioPAX pathway converted from "Triglyceride biosynthesis" in the Reactome database.

Triglyceride biosynthesis

Triacylglycerol biosynthesisThis event has been computationally inferred from an event that has been demonstrated in another species.The inference is based on the homology mapping from PANTHER. Briefly, reactions for which all involved PhysicalEntities (in input, output and catalyst) have a mapped orthologue/paralogue (for complexes at least 75% of components must have a mapping) are inferred to the other species. High level events are also inferred for these events to allow for easier navigation.<a href='/electronic_inference_compara.html' target = 'NEW'>More details and caveats of the event inference in Reactome.</a> For details on PANTHER see also: <a href='http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp' target='NEW'>http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp</a>

1.14.16.5

AGMO cleaves alkylglycerol into fatty aldehyde and glycerol

This event has been computationally inferred from an event that has been demonstrated in another species.The inference is based on the homology mapping from PANTHER. Briefly, reactions for which all involved PhysicalEntities (in input, output and catalyst) have a mapped orthologue/paralogue (for complexes at least 75% of components must have a mapping) are inferred to the other species. High level events are also inferred for these events to allow for easier navigation.<a href='/electronic_inference_compara.html' target = 'NEW'>More details and caveats of the event inference in Reactome.</a> For details on PANTHER see also: <a href='http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp' target='NEW'>http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp</a>

Reactome DB_ID: 5696122

cytosolGO0005829

alkylglycerol [ChEBI:52575]

alkylglycerol

O-alkylglycerolO-alkylglycerolsalkylglycerols

Reactomehttp://www.reactome.orgChEBI52575

Reactome DB_ID: 29368

dioxygen [ChEBI:15379]

dioxygen

ChEBI15379

Reactome DB_ID: 29870

5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin [ChEBI:15372]

5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin

ChEBI15372

Reactome DB_ID: 1497857

D-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin [ChEBI:15375]

D-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin

ChEBI15375

Reactome DB_ID: 5696116

fatty aldehyde [ChEBI:35746]

fatty aldehyde

ChEBI35746

Reactome DB_ID: 29356

water [ChEBI:15377]

water

ChEBI15377

Reactome DB_ID: 76116

glycerol [ChEBI:17754]

glycerol

ChEBI17754PHYSIOL-LEFT-TO-RIGHT

ACTIVATION

Reactome DB_ID: 10074154

endoplasmic reticulum membraneGO0005789

UniProt:A0A3Q1NEB5

Bos taurus

NCBI Taxonomy9913UniProtA0A3Q1NEB5

Chain Coordinates

EQUAL

445

EQUAL

GO0050479

GO molecular function

Reactome Database ID Release 7510074155Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10074155Reactome Database ID Release 7510074157Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10074157ReactomeR-BTA-5696119

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-BTA-5696119.1Ether lipids (alkylglycerols, glyceryl ethers) are essential components of brain membranes, protect the eye from cataract, mediate signalling processes and are required for spermatogenesis. Alkylglycerol monooxygenase (AGMO) is a tetrahydrobiopterin-dependent protein and is the only enzyme known to cleave the ether bond of alkylglycerols and lyso-alkylglycerol phospholipids into fatty aldehydes and glycerol derivatives (Watschinger et al. 2010).

20643956Pubmed2010Identification of the gene encoding alkylglycerol monooxygenase defines a third class of tetrahydrobiopterin-dependent enzymesWatschinger, KatrinKeller, Markus AGolderer, GeorgHermann, MartinMaglione, ManuelSarg, BettinaLindner, Herbert HHermetter, AlbinWerner-Felmayer, GabrieleKonrat, RobertHulo, NicolasWerner, Ernst RProc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107:13672-7inferred by electronic annotationIEAGOIEA

2.7.1.30

Conversion of Glycerol to Glycerol-3-phosphate

Reactome DB_ID: 76116

Reactome DB_ID: 113592

ATP(4-) [ChEBI:30616]

ATP(4-)

Adenosine 5'-triphosphateatpATP

ChEBI30616

Reactome DB_ID: 29370

ADP(3-) [ChEBI:456216]

ADP(3-)

ADP trianion5'-O-[(phosphonatooxy)phosphinato]adenosineADP

ChEBI456216

Reactome DB_ID: 76114

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate [ChEBI:15978]

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

ChEBI15978PHYSIOL-LEFT-TO-RIGHT

ACTIVATION

Converted from EntitySet in Reactome

Reactome DB_ID: 10032794

GK,GK2,GK3P [cytosol]Converted from EntitySet in Reactome. Each synonym is a name of a PhysicalEntity, and each XREF points to one PhysicalEntityGK [cytosol]

UniProtQ0IID9GO0004370

GO molecular function

Reactome Database ID Release 7510032795Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10032795Reactome Database ID Release 7510032797Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10032797ReactomeR-BTA-75887

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-BTA-75887.1Glycerol can be a source for glycerol-3-phosphate, in which case, a phosphate form ATP is transferred to glycerol by glycerol kinase forming glycerol-3-phosphate and ADP.

15845384Pubmed2005Human and murine glycerol kinase: influence of exon 18 alternative splicing on functionOhira, RHDipple, KMZhang, YHMcCabe, ERBiochem Biophys Res Commun 331:239-46inferred by electronic annotationIEAGOIEA

3.1.3.4

1,2-diacyl-glycerol 3-phosphate + H2O => 1,2-diacyl-glycerol + orthophosphate

Conversion of Phosphatidic Acid to DiacylglycerolThis event has been computationally inferred from an event that has been demonstrated in another species.The inference is based on the homology mapping from PANTHER. Briefly, reactions for which all involved PhysicalEntities (in input, output and catalyst) have a mapped orthologue/paralogue (for complexes at least 75% of components must have a mapping) are inferred to the other species. High level events are also inferred for these events to allow for easier navigation.<a href='/electronic_inference_compara.html' target = 'NEW'>More details and caveats of the event inference in Reactome.</a> For details on PANTHER see also: <a href='http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp' target='NEW'>http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp</a>

Reactome DB_ID: 76108

1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate [ChEBI:29089]

1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

ChEBI29089

Reactome DB_ID: 29356

Reactome DB_ID: 76103

1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol [ChEBI:17815]

1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol

ChEBI17815

Reactome DB_ID: 29372

hydrogenphosphate [ChEBI:43474]

hydrogenphosphate

[PO3(OH)](2-)HYDROGENPHOSPHATE IONhydrogen phosphate[P(OH)O3](2-)HPO4(2-)phosphateINORGANIC PHOSPHATE GROUP

ChEBI43474PHYSIOL-LEFT-TO-RIGHT

ACTIVATION

Converted from EntitySet in Reactome

Reactome DB_ID: 10032828

LPIN1,2,3 [endoplasmic reticulum membrane]Converted from EntitySet in Reactome. Each synonym is a name of a PhysicalEntity, and each XREF points to one PhysicalEntityLPIN2 [endoplasmic reticulum membrane]LPIN1 [endoplasmic reticulum membrane]

UniProtA0A3Q1LV95UniProtA0A3Q1LKP8GO0008195

GO molecular function

Reactome Database ID Release 7510032829Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10032829Reactome Database ID Release 7510032831Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10032831ReactomeR-BTA-75899

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-BTA-75899.1Lipin proteins LPIN1, 2, and 3, associated with the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, can each catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphatidate to yield 1,2-diacyl-glycerol and orthophosphate. The activities of LPIN1 and LPIN2 have been established experimentally (Grimsey et al. 2008); that of LPIN3 is inferred from its structural similarities both to its human paralogues and to its mouse ortholog (Donkor et al. 2007). Only LPIN1 has been shown to be stably associated with the endoplasmic reticulum, but all three enzymes appear to be catalytically active at that location (Grimsey et al. 2008; Donkor et al. 2007).

17158099Pubmed2007Three mammalian lipins act as phosphatidate phosphatases with distinct tissue expression patternsDonkor, JSariahmetoglu, MDewald, JBrindley, DNReue, KJ Biol Chem 282:3450-718694939Pubmed2008Temporal and spatial regulation of the phosphatidate phosphatases lipin 1 and 2Grimsey, NHan, GSO'Hara, LRochford, JJCarman, GMSiniossoglou, SJ Biol Chem 283:29166-74inferred by electronic annotationIEAGOIEA

2.3.1.22

MOGAT1,2,3 transfer acyl group from acyl-CoA to 2-acylglycerol to form DAG

Reactome DB_ID: 1500578

acyl-CoA [ChEBI:17984]

acyl-CoA

ChEBI17984

Reactome DB_ID: 6800352

2-monoglyceride [ChEBI:17389]

2-monoglyceride

2-Glyceride2-Monoacylglycerol2-Acylglycerol2-monoglycerides

ChEBI17389

Reactome DB_ID: 76103

Reactome DB_ID: 76194

coenzyme A [ChEBI:15346]

coenzyme A

ChEBI15346PHYSIOL-LEFT-TO-RIGHT

ACTIVATION

Converted from EntitySet in Reactome

Reactome DB_ID: 10077960

MOGAT1,2,3 [endoplasmic reticulum membrane]Converted from EntitySet in Reactome. Each synonym is a name of a PhysicalEntity, and each XREF points to one PhysicalEntityMOGAT3 [endoplasmic reticulum membrane]MOGAT2 [endoplasmic reticulum membrane]MOGAT1 [endoplasmic reticulum membrane]

UniProtG3MYF6UniProtF1MLQ3UniProtQ70VZ7GO0003846

GO molecular function

Reactome Database ID Release 7510077961Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10077961Reactome Database ID Release 7510077963Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10077963ReactomeR-BTA-6800334

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-BTA-6800334.1Triacylglycerol (TG) is a non-polar acyl triester of glycerol and fatty acids. TG serves primarily as a reservoir of fatty acids for energy production. TG synthesis in all organisms occurs via the conserved canonical pathway known as the Kennedy or sn-glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) pathway. Diacylglycerol (DAG), an intermediate in the Kennedy pathway, can also enter this pathway via an alternative route known as the remodeling pathway which dominates in the small intestine where most dietary fat is absorbed. In this pathway, monoacylglycerol is acylated, mediated by monoacylglycerol acyltransferases 1, 2 and 3 (MOGAT1, 2 and 3) to form DAG (Winter et al. 2003, Lockwood et al. 2003, Cheng et al. 2003, Yu et al. 2015).

12824082Pubmed2003Human intestinal monoacylglycerol acyltransferase: differential features in tissue expression and activityLockwood, John FCao, JBurn, PaulShi, YuguangAm. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 285:E927-3725838202Pubmed2015Monoacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 is regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor Î³ in human hepatocytes and increases lipid accumulationYu, Jung HwanLee, Yoo JeongKim, Hyo JungChoi, HyeonjinChoi, YoonjeongSeok, Jo WoonKim, Jae-wooBiochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 460:715-2012618427Pubmed2003Identification of acyl coenzyme A:monoacylglycerol acyltransferase 3, an intestinal specific enzyme implicated in dietary fat absorptionCheng, DNelson, Thomas CChen, JianWalker, Stephen GWardwell-Swanson, JudithMeegalla, RupalieTaub, RebeccaBillheimer, JTRamaker, MichaelFeder, John NJ. Biol. Chem. 278:13611-414970677Pubmed2003Genomic organization of the DGAT2/MOGAT gene family in cattle (Bos taurus) and other mammalsWinter, Avan Eckeveld, MBininda-Emonds, O R PHabermann, F AFries, RCytogenet. Genome Res. 102:42-7inferred by electronic annotationIEAGOIEA

2.3.1.20

1,2-diacyl-glycerol + acyl-CoA => triacylglycerol + CoASH [DGAT1]

Conversion of Diacylglycerol to Triacylglycerol [DGAT1]This event has been computationally inferred from an event that has been demonstrated in another species.The inference is based on the homology mapping from PANTHER. Briefly, reactions for which all involved PhysicalEntities (in input, output and catalyst) have a mapped orthologue/paralogue (for complexes at least 75% of components must have a mapping) are inferred to the other species. High level events are also inferred for these events to allow for easier navigation.<a href='/electronic_inference_compara.html' target = 'NEW'>More details and caveats of the event inference in Reactome.</a> For details on PANTHER see also: <a href='http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp' target='NEW'>http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp</a>

Reactome DB_ID: 76103

Reactome DB_ID: 75967

fatty acyl-CoA [ChEBI:37554]

fatty acyl-CoA

ChEBI37554

Reactome DB_ID: 549167

triglyceride [ChEBI:17855]

triglyceride

ChEBI17855

Reactome DB_ID: 76194

PHYSIOL-LEFT-TO-RIGHT

ACTIVATION

Reactome DB_ID: 10032837

DGAT1 tetramer [endoplasmic reticulum membrane]

DGAT1 tetramer

Reactome DB_ID: 10032835

UniProt:F1MIW3

UniProtF1MIW3

EQUAL

488

EQUAL

Reactome Database ID Release 7510032837Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10032837ReactomeR-BTA-200109

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-BTA-200109.1GO0004144

GO molecular function

Reactome Database ID Release 7510032838Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10032838Reactome Database ID Release 7510032840Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10032840ReactomeR-BTA-75900

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-BTA-75900.1Tetrameric diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) associated with the endoplasmic reticulum membrane catalyzes the reaction of 1,2-diacyl-glycerol and acyl-CoA to form triacylglycerol + CoASH (Cheng et al. 2001).

11672446Pubmed2001Human acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase is a tetrameric proteinCheng, DMeegalla, RLHe, BCromley, DABillheimer, JTYoung, PRBiochem J 359:707-14inferred by electronic annotationIEAGOIEA

Reactome Database ID Release 7510088265Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10088265ReactomeR-BTA-75109

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-BTA-75109.1GO0019432

GO biological process

The overall process of triglyceride (triacylglycerol) biosynthesis consists of four biochemical pathways: fatty acyl-CoA biosynthesis, conversion of fatty acyl-CoA to phosphatidic acid, conversion of phosphatidic acid to diacylglycerol, and conversion of diacylglycerol to triacylglycerol.

8944226Pubmed1996Biosynthesis of triacylglycerolsLehner, RKuksis, AProg Lipid Res 35:169-201inferred by electronic annotationIEAGOIEA