BioPAX pathway converted from "G alpha (12/13) signalling events" in the Reactome database.G alpha (12/13) signalling eventsG alpha (12/13) signalling eventsThis event has been computationally inferred from an event that has been demonstrated in another species.<p>The inference is based on the homology mapping from PANTHER. Briefly, reactions for which all involved PhysicalEntities (in input, output and catalyst) have a mapped orthologue/paralogue (for complexes at least 75% of components must have a mapping) are inferred to the other species. High level events are also inferred for these events to allow for easier navigation.<p><a href='/electronic_inference_compara.html' target = 'NEW'>More details and caveats of the event inference in Reactome.</a> For details on PANTHER see also: <a href='http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp' target='NEW'>http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp</a>Liganded G12/13-activating GPCR acts as a GEF for G12/13Liganded G12/13-activating GPCR acts as a GEF for G12/13This event has been computationally inferred from an event that has been demonstrated in another species.<p>The inference is based on the homology mapping from PANTHER. Briefly, reactions for which all involved PhysicalEntities (in input, output and catalyst) have a mapped orthologue/paralogue (for complexes at least 75% of components must have a mapping) are inferred to the other species. High level events are also inferred for these events to allow for easier navigation.<p><a href='/electronic_inference_compara.html' target = 'NEW'>More details and caveats of the event inference in Reactome.</a> For details on PANTHER see also: <a href='http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp' target='NEW'>http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp</a>Reactome DB_ID: 294381cytosolGO0005829GTP [ChEBI:15996]GTPGuanosine 5'-triphosphateReactomehttp://www.reactome.orgChEBI15996Reactome DB_ID: 100485201plasma membraneGO0005886Ligand:GPCR complexes that activate G12/13:Heterotrimeric G-protein G12/13 (inactive). [plasma membrane]Ligand:GPCR complexes that activate G12/13:Heterotrimeric G-protein G12/13 (inactive).Converted from EntitySet in ReactomeReactome DB_ID: 100485141Ligand:GPCR complexes that activate G12/13 [plasma membrane]Converted from EntitySet in Reactome. Each synonym is a name of a PhysicalEntity, and each XREF points to one PhysicalEntityReactome DB_ID: 100344301Ghost homologue of G-protein G12/G13 (inactive) [plasma membrane]Ghost homologue of G-protein G12/G13 (inactive)Bos taurusNCBI Taxonomy9913Reactome Database ID Release 7510048520Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10048520ReactomeR-BTA-7509941Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-BTA-750994.1Reactome DB_ID: 100485161Ligand:GPCR complexes that activate G12/13:Heterotrimeric G-protein G12/13 (active). [plasma membrane]Ligand:GPCR complexes that activate G12/13:Heterotrimeric G-protein G12/13 (active).Converted from EntitySet in ReactomeReactome DB_ID: 100485141Reactome DB_ID: 100344341Ghost homologue of G-protein G12/G13 (active) [plasma membrane]Ghost homologue of G-protein G12/G13 (active)Reactome Database ID Release 7510048516Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10048516ReactomeR-BTA-7510151Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-BTA-751015.1Reactome DB_ID: 294201GDP [ChEBI:17552]GDPGuanosine 5'-diphosphateGuanosine diphosphateChEBI17552PHYSIOL-LEFT-TO-RIGHTACTIVATIONReactome DB_ID: 10048520GO0005085GO molecular functionReactome Database ID Release 7510048521Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10048521Reactome Database ID Release 7510048523Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10048523ReactomeR-BTA-7510291Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-BTA-751029.1The liganded receptor undergoes a conformational change, generating a signal that is propagated in a manner that is not completely understood to the the G-protein. This stimulates the exchange of GDP for GTP in the G-protein alpha subunit, activating the G-protein. This event is negatively regulated by some Activators of G protein signaling (AGS) proteins, a class of proteins identified in yeast functional screens for proteins able to activate G protein signaling in the absence of a G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) (Cismowski et al. 1999, Takesono et al. 1999). AGS proteins contain G protein regulatory (GPR) motifs (also referred to as the GoLoco motif) that bind and stabilize the Galpha subunit in its GDP-bound conformation (Mochizuki et al. 1996, Peterson et al. 2000, Cao et al. 2004, Blumer & Lanier 2014). Some RGS proteins similarly bind to Galpha preventing the exchange of GDP for GTP (Soundararajan et al. 2008).11024022Pubmed2000AGS3 inhibits GDP dissociation from galpha subunits of the Gi family and rhodopsin-dependent activation of transducinNatochin, MLester, BPeterson, Y KBernard, M LLanier, S MArtemyev, NOJ. Biol. Chem. 275:40981-510969064Pubmed2000Stabilization of the GDP-bound conformation of Gialpha by a peptide derived from the G-protein regulatory motif of AGS3Peterson, Y KBernard, M LMa, HHazard, SGraber, S GLanier, S MJ. Biol. Chem. 275:33193-610559191Pubmed1999Receptor-independent activators of heterotrimeric G-protein signaling pathwaysTakesono, ACismowski, M JRibas, CBernard, MChung, PHazard, SDuzic, ELanier, S MJ. Biol. Chem. 274:33202-58973305Pubmed1996Identification and cDNA cloning of a novel human mosaic protein, LGN, based on interaction with G alpha i2Mochizuki, NCho, GWen, BInsel, P AGene 181:39-4319212140Pubmed2009Regulation and physiological functions of G12/13-mediated signaling pathwaysSuzuki, NHajicek, NKozasa, TNeurosignals 17:55-7012860983Pubmed2003Oxidized human neuroglobin acts as a heterotrimeric Galpha protein guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitorWakasugi, KeisukeNakano, TomomiMorishima, IsaoJ. Biol. Chem. 278:36505-1218434541Pubmed2008Structural diversity in the RGS domain and its interaction with heterotrimeric G protein alpha-subunitsSoundararajan, MeeraWillard, Francis SKimple, Adam JTurnbull, Andrew PBall, Linda JSchoch, Guillaume AGileadi, CarinaFedorov, Oleg YDowler, Elizabeth FHigman, Victoria AHutsell, Stephanie QSundström, MDoyle, DASiderovski, David PProc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105:6457-6210471929Pubmed1999Genetic screens in yeast to identify mammalian nonreceptor modulators of G-protein signalingCismowski, M JTakesono, AMa, CLizano, J SXie, XFuernkranz, HLanier, S MDuzic, ENat. Biotechnol. 17:878-833113327Pubmed1987G proteins: transducers of receptor-generated signalsGilman, AGAnnu Rev Biochem 56:615-493086311Pubmed1986The influence of bound GDP on the kinetics of guanine nucleotide binding to G proteinsFerguson, KMHigashijima, TSmigel, MDGilman, AGJ Biol Chem 261:7393-99032437Pubmed1997Signalling functions and biochemical properties of pertussis toxin-resistant G-proteinsFields, TACasey, PJBiochem J 321:561-7124302560Pubmed2014Activators of G protein signaling exhibit broad functionality and define a distinct core signaling triadBlumer, Joe BLanier, Stephen MMol. Pharmacol. 85:388-9615096500Pubmed2004Identification and characterization of AGS4: a protein containing three G-protein regulatory motifs that regulate the activation state of GialphaCao, XiaoqingCismowski, Mary JSato, MotohikoBlumer, Joe BLanier, Stephen MJ. Biol. Chem. 279:27567-74inferred by electronic annotationIEAGOIEAG alpha (13) activates Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 (p115-RhoGEF)G alpha (13) activates Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 (p115-RhoGEF)This event has been computationally inferred from an event that has been demonstrated in another species.<p>The inference is based on the homology mapping from PANTHER. Briefly, reactions for which all involved PhysicalEntities (in input, output and catalyst) have a mapped orthologue/paralogue (for complexes at least 75% of components must have a mapping) are inferred to the other species. High level events are also inferred for these events to allow for easier navigation.<p><a href='/electronic_inference_compara.html' target = 'NEW'>More details and caveats of the event inference in Reactome.</a> For details on PANTHER see also: <a href='http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp' target='NEW'>http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp</a>Reactome DB_ID: 100344071UniProt:A0A3Q1LFQ5UniProtA0A3Q1LFQ5Chain Coordinates1EQUAL912EQUALReactome DB_ID: 100344031G-protein alpha (13):GTP [plasma membrane]G-protein alpha (13):GTPReactome DB_ID: 294381Reactome DB_ID: 100344011UniProt:G5E6P3UniProtG5E6P31EQUAL377EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510034403Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10034403ReactomeR-BTA-3980561Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-BTA-398056.1Reactome DB_ID: 100344091G13-activated p115-RhoGEF [plasma membrane]G13-activated p115-RhoGEFReactome DB_ID: 1003440711EQUAL912EQUALReactome DB_ID: 100344031Reactome Database ID Release 7510034409Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10034409ReactomeR-BTA-1145271Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-BTA-114527.1Reactome Database ID Release 7510034414Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10034414ReactomeR-BTA-1145481Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-BTA-114548.1p115-RhoGEF is a potent GTPase activating protein (GAP) for both G alpha 12 and G alpha 13 subunits. More importantly, the interaction between activated G alpha 13 (but not G alpha 12) triggers p115-RhoGEF activity. While this pathway may be important in vivo, in prostate-derived PC-3 cells RNAi mediated knockdown of p115-RhoGEF levels had no effect on the response to thrombin (Wang et al. 2004).11313914Pubmed2001RGS-containing RhoGEFs: the missing link between transforming G proteins and Rho?Fukuhara, SChikumi, HGutkind, JSOncogene 20:1661-815951850Pubmed2005The GAPs, GEFs, and GDIs of heterotrimeric G-protein alpha subunitsSiderovski, DPWillard, FSInt J Biol Sci 1:51-6622661716Pubmed2012Activation of p115-RhoGEF requires direct association of Gα13 and the Dbl homology domainChen, ZheGuo, LiangHadas, JanaGutowski, StephenSprang, Stephen RSternweis, Paul CJ. Biol. Chem. 287:25490-50015143072Pubmed2004Thrombin and lysophosphatidic acid receptors utilize distinct rhoGEFs in prostate cancer cellsWang, QLiu, MKozasa, TRothstein, JDSternweis, PCNeubig, RRJ Biol Chem 279:28831-4inferred by electronic annotationIEAGOIEAp115-RhoGEF activation of RHOAp115-RhoGEF activation of RHOAThis event has been computationally inferred from an event that has been demonstrated in another species.<p>The inference is based on the homology mapping from PANTHER. Briefly, reactions for which all involved PhysicalEntities (in input, output and catalyst) have a mapped orthologue/paralogue (for complexes at least 75% of components must have a mapping) are inferred to the other species. High level events are also inferred for these events to allow for easier navigation.<p><a href='/electronic_inference_compara.html' target = 'NEW'>More details and caveats of the event inference in Reactome.</a> For details on PANTHER see also: <a href='http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp' target='NEW'>http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp</a>Reactome DB_ID: 294381Reactome DB_ID: 100343951RHOA:GDP [plasma membrane]RHOA:GDPReactome DB_ID: 294201Reactome DB_ID: 100343931UniProt:P61585RHOAUniProtP615851EQUAL190EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510034395Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10034395ReactomeR-BTA-89641741Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-BTA-8964174.1Reactome DB_ID: 294201Reactome DB_ID: 100343971RHOA:GTP [plasma membrane]RHOA:GTPReactome DB_ID: 294381Reactome DB_ID: 1003439311EQUAL190EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510034397Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10034397ReactomeR-BTA-56659931Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-BTA-5665993.1PHYSIOL-LEFT-TO-RIGHTACTIVATIONReactome DB_ID: 10034409Reactome Database ID Release 7510034410Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10034410Reactome Database ID Release 7510034412Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10034412ReactomeR-BTA-1145441Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-BTA-114544.1ARHEF1 (p115-RhoGEF), recruited to the plasma membrane by binding to GTP-bound G-protein alpha (13) (GNA13), stimulates GDP to GTP exchange on RHOA, resulting in activation of the RHOA GTPase (Chen et al. 2012).inferred by electronic annotationIEAGOIEAGEFs activate RhoA,B,CGEFs activate RhoA,B,CThis event has been computationally inferred from an event that has been demonstrated in another species.<p>The inference is based on the homology mapping from PANTHER. Briefly, reactions for which all involved PhysicalEntities (in input, output and catalyst) have a mapped orthologue/paralogue (for complexes at least 75% of components must have a mapping) are inferred to the other species. High level events are also inferred for these events to allow for easier navigation.<p><a href='/electronic_inference_compara.html' target = 'NEW'>More details and caveats of the event inference in Reactome.</a> For details on PANTHER see also: <a href='http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp' target='NEW'>http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp</a>Reactome DB_ID: 100448941RhoA,B,C:GDP [plasma membrane]RhoA,B,C:GDPConverted from EntitySet in ReactomeReactome DB_ID: 100448921RHOA/B/C [plasma membrane]Converted from EntitySet in Reactome. Each synonym is a name of a PhysicalEntity, and each XREF points to one PhysicalEntityRHOB [plasma membrane]RHOC [plasma membrane]RHOA [plasma membrane]UniProtQ3ZBW5UniProtQ1RMJ6Reactome DB_ID: 1145491Reactome Database ID Release 7510044894Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10044894ReactomeR-BTA-4191641Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-BTA-419164.1Reactome DB_ID: 294381Reactome DB_ID: 100448961RHOA/B/C:GTP [plasma membrane]RHOA/B/C:GTPReactome DB_ID: 294381Converted from EntitySet in ReactomeReactome DB_ID: 100448921Reactome Database ID Release 7510044896Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10044896ReactomeR-BTA-4191611Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-BTA-419161.1Reactome DB_ID: 294201PHYSIOL-LEFT-TO-RIGHTACTIVATIONConverted from EntitySet in ReactomeReactome DB_ID: 10038465GEFs [cytosol]Converted from EntitySet in Reactome. Each synonym is a name of a PhysicalEntity, and each XREF points to one PhysicalEntityAKAP13 [cytosol]MCF2 [cytosol]ARHGEF16 [cytosol]MCF2L [cytosol]NET1 [cytosol]ECT2 [cytosol]MCF2 [cytosol]RASGRF2 [cytosol]KALRN [cytosol]TRIO [cytosol]TIAM2 [cytosol]VAV2 [cytosol]NGEF [cytosol]ARHGEF6 [cytosol]ARHGEF4 [cytosol]ARHGEF9 [cytosol]ARHGEF19 [cytosol]ARHGEF2 [cytosol]FGD3 [cytosol]FGD4 [cytosol]ARHGEF11 [cytosol]ARHGEF18 [cytosol]ARHGEF3 [cytosol]SOS1 [cytosol]ARHGEF5 [cytosol]ARHGEF12 [cytosol]UniProtA0A3Q1LUW4UniProtA0A3Q1M3Z3UniProtA0A3Q1MA97UniProtA0A3Q1LQ45UniProtA0A3Q1N5A2UniProtA0A3Q1LJS1UniProtA0A3Q1MRV3UniProtA0A3Q1MD11UniProtA0A3Q1MB16UniProtF1MLS2UniProtA0A3Q1LXW7UniProtA0A3Q1MQP9UniProtQ08DA6UniProtA0A3Q1LKT5UniProtA0A3Q1LJ25UniProtA0A3Q1MA22UniProtE1BQ24UniProtA0A3Q1M8D9UniProtQ58CS5UniProtA0A3Q1N5H1UniProtA0A3Q1LNE2UniProtE1B9G8UniProtA0A3Q1MA88UniProtF1N7C3UniProtF1N2G5UniProtA0A3Q1MN47GO0005089GO molecular functionReactome Database ID Release 7510038466Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10038466Reactome Database ID Release 7510045124Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10045124ReactomeR-BTA-4191661Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-BTA-419166.1Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) activate GTPases by enhancing the exchange of bound GDP for GTP. Much evidence points to GEFs being critical mediators of Rho GTPase activation (Schmidt and Hall, 2002). Many GEFs are known to be highly specific for a particular GTPase, e.g. Fgd1/Cdc42 and p115RhoGEF/Rho (Hart et al., 1996, Zheng et al., 1996). Others have a broader spectrum and activate several GTPases, e.g. Vav1 for Rac, Rho, and Cdc42 (Hart et al, 1994).8276860Pubmed1994Cellular transformation and guanine nucleotide exchange activity are catalyzed by a common domain on the dbl oncogene productHart, MJEva, AZangrilli, DAaronson, Stuart AEvans, TCerione, RAZheng, YJ Biol Chem 269:62-516212495Pubmed2005Rho GTPases: biochemistry and biologyJaffe, ABHall, AAnnu Rev Cell Dev Biol 21:247-699308960Pubmed1997Rho GTPases and signaling networksVan Aelst, LD'Souza-Schorey, CGenes Dev 11:2295-3228810315Pubmed1996Identification of a novel guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the Rho GTPaseHart, MJSharma, SelMasry, NQiu, RGMcCabe, PPolakis, PBollag, GJ Biol Chem 271:25452-812101119Pubmed2002Guanine nucleotide exchange factors for Rho GTPases: turning on the switchSchmidt, AHall, AGenes Dev 16:1587-609inferred by electronic annotationIEAGOIEALARG activation by G alpha 12/13LARG activation by G alpha 12/13This event has been computationally inferred from an event that has been demonstrated in another species.<p>The inference is based on the homology mapping from PANTHER. Briefly, reactions for which all involved PhysicalEntities (in input, output and catalyst) have a mapped orthologue/paralogue (for complexes at least 75% of components must have a mapping) are inferred to the other species. High level events are also inferred for these events to allow for easier navigation.<p><a href='/electronic_inference_compara.html' target = 'NEW'>More details and caveats of the event inference in Reactome.</a> For details on PANTHER see also: <a href='http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp' target='NEW'>http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp</a>Converted from EntitySet in ReactomeReactome DB_ID: 100446111G-protein alpha (12/13):GTP [plasma membrane]Converted from EntitySet in Reactome. Each synonym is a name of a PhysicalEntity, and each XREF points to one PhysicalEntityReactome DB_ID: 100384071UniProt:A0A3Q1MN47ARHGEF121EQUAL1544EQUALReactome DB_ID: 100446131G-protein alpha (12/13):LARG [plasma membrane]G-protein alpha (12/13):LARGConverted from EntitySet in ReactomeReactome DB_ID: 100446111Reactome DB_ID: 1003840711EQUAL1544EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510044613Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10044613ReactomeR-BTA-3981451Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-BTA-398145.1Reactome Database ID Release 7510044615Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10044615ReactomeR-BTA-3981841Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-BTA-398184.1Leukemia-associated RhoGEF (LARG) serves as a G alpha responsive RhoGEF for G alpha 12, 13 and possibly G alpha q. G alpha 12 activity appears to depend on LARG tyrosine phosphorylation by Tec-family kinases (Suzuki et al. 2003) or FAK (Chikumi et al. 2002). The involvement of LARG may be specific to particular receptor signalling pathways; RNAi-mediated knockdown of LARG specifically inhibited thrombin signaling via PAR1 but not LPA receptors (Wang et al 2004).12771155Pubmed2003Receptor-dependent RhoA activation in G12/G13-deficient cells: genetic evidence for an involvement of Gq/G11Vogt, SGrosse, RSchultz, GOffermanns, SJ Biol Chem 278:28743-912515866Pubmed2003Galpha 12 activates Rho GTPase through tyrosine-phosphorylated leukemia-associated RhoGEFSuzuki, NNakamura, SMano, HKozasa, TProc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100:733-811799111Pubmed2002Regulation of G protein-linked guanine nucleotide exchange factors for Rho, PDZ-RhoGEF, and LARG by tyrosine phosphorylation: evidence of a role for focal adhesion kinaseChikumi, HFukuhara, SGutkind, JSJ Biol Chem 277:12463-73inferred by electronic annotationIEAGOIEA3.6.5.43.6.5.33.6.5.23.6.5.1G alpha (12/13) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDPG alpha (12/13) auto-inactivates by hydrolysing GTP to GDPThis event has been computationally inferred from an event that has been demonstrated in another species.<p>The inference is based on the homology mapping from PANTHER. Briefly, reactions for which all involved PhysicalEntities (in input, output and catalyst) have a mapped orthologue/paralogue (for complexes at least 75% of components must have a mapping) are inferred to the other species. High level events are also inferred for these events to allow for easier navigation.<p><a href='/electronic_inference_compara.html' target = 'NEW'>More details and caveats of the event inference in Reactome.</a> For details on PANTHER see also: <a href='http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp' target='NEW'>http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp</a>Converted from EntitySet in ReactomeReactome DB_ID: 100446111Converted from EntitySet in ReactomeReactome DB_ID: 100450101G-protein alpha (12/13):GDP [plasma membrane]Converted from EntitySet in Reactome. Each synonym is a name of a PhysicalEntity, and each XREF points to one PhysicalEntityPHYSIOL-LEFT-TO-RIGHTACTIVATIONConverted from EntitySet in ReactomeReactome DB_ID: 10044611GO0003924GO molecular functionReactome Database ID Release 7510045011Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10045011Reactome Database ID Release 7510045013Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10045013ReactomeR-BTA-4185741Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-BTA-418574.1When a ligand activates a G protein-coupled receptor, it induces a conformational change in the receptor (a change in shape) that allows the receptor to function as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), stimulating the exchange of GDP for GTP on the G alpha subunit. In the traditional view of heterotrimeric protein activation, this exchange triggers the dissociation of the now active G alpha subunit from the beta:gamma dimer, initiating downstream signalling events. The G alpha subunit has intrinsic GTPase activity and will eventually hydrolyze the attached GTP to GDP, allowing reassociation with G beta:gamma. Additional GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) stimulate the GTPase activity of G alpha, leading to more rapid termination of the transduced signal. In some cases the downstream effector may have GAP activity, helping to deactivate the pathway. This is the case for phospholipase C beta, which possesses GAP activity within its C-terminal region (Kleuss et al. 1994).7937899Pubmed1994Mechanism of GTP hydrolysis by G-protein alpha subunitsKleuss, CRaw, ASLee, ESprang, SRGilman, AGProc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91:9828-31inferred by electronic annotationIEAGOIEAReactome Database ID Release 7510088423Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10088423ReactomeR-BTA-4164821Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-BTA-416482.1The G12/13 family is probably the least well characterized subtype, partly because G12/13 coupling is difficult to determine when compared with the other subtypes which predominantly rely on assay technologies that measure intracellular calcium. The G12/13 family are best known for their involvement in the processes of cell proliferation and morphology, such as stress fiber and focal adhesion formation. Interactions with Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RhoGEFs) are thought to mediate many of these processes. (Buhl et al.1995, Sugimoto et al. 2003). Activation of Rho or the regulation of events through Rho is often taken as evidence of G12/13 signaling. Receptors that are coupled with G12/13 invariably couple with one or more other G protein subtypes, usually Gq.12588974Pubmed2003Inhibitory and stimulatory regulation of Rac and cell motility by the G12/13-Rho and Gi pathways integrated downstream of a single G protein-coupled sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor isoformSugimoto, NTakuwa, NOkamoto, HSakurada, STakuwa, YMol Cell Biol 23:1534-457559569Pubmed1995G alpha 12 and G alpha 13 stimulate Rho-dependent stress fiber formation and focal adhesion assemblyBuhl, AMJohnson, NLDhanasekaran, NJohnson, GLJ Biol Chem 270:24631-418814923Pubmed2008G(12)/G(13)-mediated signalling in mammalian physiology and diseaseWorzfeld, TWettschureck, NOffermanns, STrends Pharmacol Sci 29:582-916102047Pubmed2005Protease-activated receptors in hemostasis, thrombosis and vascular biologyCoughlin, SRJ Thromb Haemost 3:1800-14inferred by electronic annotationIEAGOIEA