BioPAX pathway converted from "mTORC1 phosphorylation of RPS6KB1 (S6K)" in the Reactome database.

2.7.11

mTORC1 phosphorylation of RPS6KB1 (S6K)

RPS6KB1 (S6K1) contains a TOS motif. mTORC1 requires an intact TOS motif to bind and phosphorylate S6K1 (Ali & Sabatini 2005).

Authored: Jupe, Steve, 2015-01-23Reviewed: Zwartkruis, Fried J T, 2015-05-14

Reactome DB_ID: 165716

cytosolGO0005829

UniProt:P23443 RPS6KB1

RPS6KB1

STK14ARPS6KB1FUNCTION Serine/threonine-protein kinase that acts downstream of mTOR signaling in response to growth factors and nutrients to promote cell proliferation, cell growth and cell cycle progression. Regulates protein synthesis through phosphorylation of EIF4B, RPS6 and EEF2K, and contributes to cell survival by repressing the pro-apoptotic function of BAD. Under conditions of nutrient depletion, the inactive form associates with the EIF3 translation initiation complex. Upon mitogenic stimulation, phosphorylation by the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) leads to dissociation from the EIF3 complex and activation. The active form then phosphorylates and activates several substrates in the pre-initiation complex, including the EIF2B complex and the cap-binding complex component EIF4B. Also controls translation initiation by phosphorylating a negative regulator of EIF4A, PDCD4, targeting it for ubiquitination and subsequent proteolysis. Promotes initiation of the pioneer round of protein synthesis by phosphorylating POLDIP3/SKAR. In response to IGF1, activates translation elongation by phosphorylating EEF2 kinase (EEF2K), which leads to its inhibition and thus activation of EEF2. Also plays a role in feedback regulation of mTORC2 by mTORC1 by phosphorylating RICTOR, resulting in the inhibition of mTORC2 and AKT1 signaling. Mediates cell survival by phosphorylating the pro-apoptotic protein BAD and suppressing its pro-apoptotic function. Phosphorylates mitochondrial URI1 leading to dissociation of a URI1-PPP1CC complex. The free mitochondrial PPP1CC can then dephosphorylate RPS6KB1 at Thr-412, which is proposed to be a negative feedback mechanism for the RPS6KB1 anti-apoptotic function. Mediates TNF-alpha-induced insulin resistance by phosphorylating IRS1 at multiple serine residues, resulting in accelerated degradation of IRS1. In cells lacking functional TSC1-2 complex, constitutively phosphorylates and inhibits GSK3B. May be involved in cytoskeletal rearrangement through binding to neurabin. Phosphorylates and activates the pyrimidine biosynthesis enzyme CAD, downstream of MTOR (PubMed:11500364, PubMed:12801526, PubMed:14673156, PubMed:15071500, PubMed:15341740, PubMed:16286006, PubMed:17052453, PubMed:17053147, PubMed:17936702, PubMed:18952604, PubMed:19085255, PubMed:19720745, PubMed:19935711, PubMed:19995915, PubMed:23429703). Following activation by mTORC1, phosphorylates EPRS and thereby plays a key role in fatty acid uptake by adipocytes and also most probably in interferon-gamma-induced translation inhibition (PubMed:28178239).ACTIVITY REGULATION Activation requires multiple phosphorylation events on serine/threonine residues. Activation appears to be first mediated by phosphorylation of multiple sites in the autoinhibitory domain, which facilitates phosphorylation at Thr-412, disrupting the autoinhibitory mechanism and allowing phosphorylation of Thr-252 by PDPK1. The active conformation of the kinase is believed to be stabilized by a mechanism involving three conserved phosphorylation sites located in the kinase domain activation loop (Thr-252) and in the AGC-kinase C-terminal domain (Ser-394 in the middle of the tail/linker region and Thr-412 within a hydrophobic motif at its end). Activated by mTORC1; isoform Alpha I and isoform Alpha II are sensitive to rapamycin, which inhibits activating phosphorylation at Thr-412. Activated by PDPK1.SUBUNIT Interacts with PPP1R9A/neurabin-1 (By similarity). Interacts with RPTOR (PubMed:12150926). Interacts with IRS1 (PubMed:18952604). Interacts with EIF3B and EIF3C (PubMed:16286006). Interacts with TRAF4 (PubMed:12801526). Interacts with POLDIP3 (PubMed:15341740). Interacts (via N-terminus) with IER5 (PubMed:26496226).TISSUE SPECIFICITY Widely expressed.DOMAIN The autoinhibitory domain is believed to block phosphorylation within the AGC-kinase C-terminal domain and the activation loop.DOMAIN The TOS (TOR signaling) motif is essential for activation by mTORC1.PTM Phosphorylation at Thr-412 is regulated by mTORC1. The phosphorylation at this site is maintained by an agonist-dependent autophosphorylation mechanism (By similarity). Activated by phosphorylation at Thr-252 by PDPK1. Dephosphorylation by PPP1CC at Thr-412 in mitochondrion.SIMILARITY Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. S6 kinase subfamily.

Reactomehttp://www.reactome.orgHomo sapiens

NCBI Taxonomy9606UniProtP23443

Chain Coordinates

EQUAL

525

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 113592

ATP(4-) [ChEBI:30616]

ATP(4-)

Adenosine 5'-triphosphateatpATP

ChEBI30616

Reactome DB_ID: 29370

ADP(3-) [ChEBI:456216]

ADP(3-)

ADP trianion5'-O-[(phosphonatooxy)phosphinato]adenosineADP

ChEBI456216

Reactome DB_ID: 165714

O-phospho-L-serine at 371

371

EQUAL

O-phospho-L-serine [MOD:00046]

O-phospho-L-threonine at 389

389

EQUAL

O-phospho-L-threonine [MOD:00047]

EQUAL

525

EQUAL

PHYSIOL-LEFT-TO-RIGHT

ACTIVATION

Reactome DB_ID: 165678

lysosomal membraneGO0005765Active mTORC1 complex [lysosomal membrane]

Active mTORC1 complex

mTORC1:Ragulator:Rag:GNP:RHEB:GTP

Reactome DB_ID: 165189

RHEB:GTP [lysosomal membrane]

RHEB:GTP

Reactome DB_ID: 165190

UniProt:Q15382 RHEB

RHEB

RHEBRHEB2FUNCTION Activates the protein kinase activity of mTORC1, and thereby plays a role in the regulation of apoptosis. Stimulates the phosphorylation of S6K1 and EIF4EBP1 through activation of mTORC1 signaling. Has low intrinsic GTPase activity.ACTIVITY REGULATION Alternates between an inactive form bound to GDP and an active form bound to GTP. Inactivated by TSC1-TSC2 via the GTPase activating protein (GAP) domain of TSC2.SUBUNIT Binds to mTORC1 in a guanyl nucleotide-independent manner. Interacts directly with MTOR, MLST8 and RPTOR. Interacts with TSC2. Interacts (when prenylated) with PDE6D; this promotes release from membranes.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Ubiquitous. Highest levels observed in skeletal and cardiac muscle.PTM Farnesylation is important for efficiently activating mTORC1-mediated signaling.PTM Phosphorylation by MAPKAPK5 impairs GTP-binding and inactivation.MISCELLANEOUS The conserved catalytic Gln-64 found in other Ras-like GTPases seems not to be involved in GTP hydrolysis in RHEB.SIMILARITY Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Rheb family.

UniProtQ15382

EQUAL

181

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 29438

GTP [ChEBI:15996]

GTP

Guanosine 5'-triphosphate

ChEBI15996Reactome Database ID Release 75165189Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=165189ReactomeR-HSA-165189

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-165189.1

Reactome DB_ID: 5653972

mTORC1:Ragulator:RagA,B:GTP:RagC,D:GDP:SLC38A9 [lysosomal membrane]

mTORC1:Ragulator:RagA,B:GTP:RagC,D:GDP:SLC38A9

Ragulator:Rag:GNP heterodimers:mTORC1

Reactome DB_ID: 377400

mTORC1 [cytosol]

mTORC1

MLST8:MTOR:RPTORmLST8:mTOR:Raptor

Reactome DB_ID: 3006727

UniProt:Q8N122 RPTOR

RPTOR

RPTORRAPTORKIAA1303FUNCTION Involved in the control of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activity which regulates cell growth and survival, and autophagy in response to nutrient and hormonal signals; functions as a scaffold for recruiting mTORC1 substrates. mTORC1 is activated in response to growth factors or amino acids. Growth factor-stimulated mTORC1 activation involves a AKT1-mediated phosphorylation of TSC1-TSC2, which leads to the activation of the RHEB GTPase that potently activates the protein kinase activity of mTORC1. Amino acid-signaling to mTORC1 requires its relocalization to the lysosomes mediated by the Ragulator complex and the Rag GTPases. Activated mTORC1 up-regulates protein synthesis by phosphorylating key regulators of mRNA translation and ribosome synthesis. mTORC1 phosphorylates EIF4EBP1 and releases it from inhibiting the elongation initiation factor 4E (eiF4E). mTORC1 phosphorylates and activates S6K1 at 'Thr-389', which then promotes protein synthesis by phosphorylating PDCD4 and targeting it for degradation. Involved in ciliogenesis.SUBUNIT Part of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) which contains MTOR, MLST8, RPTOR, AKT1S1/PRAS40 and DEPTOR (PubMed:12150925, PubMed:12408816, PubMed:17386266, PubMed:25940091). mTORC1 binds to and is inhibited by FKBP12-rapamycin (PubMed:12408816, PubMed:15066126). Binds directly to 4EBP1 and RPS6KB1 independently of its association with MTOR (PubMed:12150925, PubMed:12150926). Binds preferentially to poorly or non-phosphorylated forms of EIF4EBP1, and this binding is critical to the ability of MTOR to catalyze phosphorylation (PubMed:12747827). Forms a complex with MTOR under both leucine-rich and -poor conditions. Interacts with ULK1 in a nutrient-dependent manner; the interaction is reduced during starvation (PubMed:19211835). Interacts (when phosphorylated by AMPK) with 14-3-3 protein, leading to inhibition of its activity (PubMed:18439900). Interacts with SPAG5; SPAG5 competes with MTOR for RPTOR-binding, resulting in decreased mTORC1 formation. Interacts with WAC; WAC positively regulates MTOR activity by promoting the assembly of the TTT complex composed of TELO2, TTI1 and TTI2 and the RUVBL complex composed of RUVBL1 and RUVBL2 into the TTT-RUVBL complex which leads to the dimerization of the mTORC1 complex and its subsequent activation (PubMed:26812014). Interacts with G3BP1. The complex formed with G3BP1 AND SPAG5 is increased by oxidative stress (PubMed:23953116). Interacts with HTR6 (PubMed:23027611). Interacts with PIH1D1 (PubMed:24036451). Interacts with LARP1 (PubMed:25940091). Interacts with BRAT1 (PubMed:25657994). Interacts with SIK3 (PubMed:30232230).SUBUNIT (Microbial infection) Interacts with vaccinia virus protein F17; this interaction dysregulates mTOR.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Highly expressed in skeletal muscle, and in a lesser extent in brain, lung, small intestine, kidney and placenta. Isoform 3 is widely expressed, with highest levels in nasal mucosa and pituitary and lowest in spleen.PTM Insulin-stimulated phosphorylation at Ser-863 by MTOR and MAPK8 up-regulates mTORC1 activity. Osmotic stress also induces phosphorylation at Ser-696, Thr-706 and Ser-863 by MAPK8. Ser-863 phosphorylation is required for phosphorylation at Ser-855 and Ser-859. In response to nutrient limitation, phosphorylated by AMPK; phosphorylation promotes interaction with 14-3-3 proteins, leading to negative regulation of the mTORC1 complex. In response to growth factors, phosphorylated at Ser-719, Ser-721 and Ser-722 by RPS6KA1, which stimulates mTORC1 activity.SIMILARITY Belongs to the WD repeat RAPTOR family.

UniProtQ8N122

EQUAL

1335

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 165676

UniProt:Q9BVC4 MLST8

MLST8

GBLMLST8LST8FUNCTION Subunit of both mTORC1 and mTORC2, which regulates cell growth and survival in response to nutrient and hormonal signals. mTORC1 is activated in response to growth factors or amino acids. Growth factor-stimulated mTORC1 activation involves a AKT1-mediated phosphorylation of TSC1-TSC2, which leads to the activation of the RHEB GTPase that potently activates the protein kinase activity of mTORC1. Amino acid-signaling to mTORC1 requires its relocalization to the lysosomes mediated by the Ragulator complex and the Rag GTPases. Activated mTORC1 up-regulates protein synthesis by phosphorylating key regulators of mRNA translation and ribosome synthesis. mTORC1 phosphorylates EIF4EBP1 and releases it from inhibiting the elongation initiation factor 4E (eiF4E). mTORC1 phosphorylates and activates S6K1 at 'Thr-389', which then promotes protein synthesis by phosphorylating PDCD4 and targeting it for degradation. Within mTORC1, LST8 interacts directly with MTOR and enhances its kinase activity. In nutrient-poor conditions, stabilizes the MTOR-RPTOR interaction and favors RPTOR-mediated inhibition of MTOR activity. mTORC2 is also activated by growth factors, but seems to be nutrient-insensitive. mTORC2 seems to function upstream of Rho GTPases to regulate the actin cytoskeleton, probably by activating one or more Rho-type guanine nucleotide exchange factors. mTORC2 promotes the serum-induced formation of stress-fibers or F-actin. mTORC2 plays a critical role in AKT1 'Ser-473' phosphorylation, which may facilitate the phosphorylation of the activation loop of AKT1 on 'Thr-308' by PDK1 which is a prerequisite for full activation. mTORC2 regulates the phosphorylation of SGK1 at 'Ser-422'. mTORC2 also modulates the phosphorylation of PRKCA on 'Ser-657'.SUBUNIT Part of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) which contains MTOR, MLST8, RPTOR, AKT1S1/PRAS40 and DEPTOR. mTORC1 binds to and is inhibited by FKBP12-rapamycin. Part of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) which contains MTOR, MLST8, PRR5, RICTOR, MAPKAP1 and DEPTOR. Contrary to mTORC1, mTORC2 does not bind to and is not sensitive to FKBP12-rapamycin. Interacts directly with MTOR and RPTOR. Interacts with RHEB. Interacts with MEAK7 (PubMed:29750193). Interacts with SIK3 (PubMed:30232230).TISSUE SPECIFICITY Broadly expressed, with highest levels in skeletal muscle, heart and kidney.SIMILARITY Belongs to the WD repeat LST8 family.

UniProtQ9BVC4

EQUAL

326

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 165662

UniProt:P42345 MTOR

MTOR

FRAP1RAFT1FRAP2FRAPRAPT1MTORFUNCTION Serine/threonine protein kinase which is a central regulator of cellular metabolism, growth and survival in response to hormones, growth factors, nutrients, energy and stress signals (PubMed:12087098, PubMed:12150925, PubMed:12150926, PubMed:12231510, PubMed:12718876, PubMed:14651849, PubMed:15268862, PubMed:15467718, PubMed:15545625, PubMed:15718470, PubMed:18497260, PubMed:18762023, PubMed:18925875, PubMed:20516213, PubMed:20537536, PubMed:21659604, PubMed:23429703, PubMed:23429704, PubMed:25799227, PubMed:26018084). MTOR directly or indirectly regulates the phosphorylation of at least 800 proteins. Functions as part of 2 structurally and functionally distinct signaling complexes mTORC1 and mTORC2 (mTOR complex 1 and 2) (PubMed:15268862, PubMed:15467718, PubMed:18925875, PubMed:18497260, PubMed:20516213, PubMed:21576368, PubMed:21659604, PubMed:23429704). Activated mTORC1 up-regulates protein synthesis by phosphorylating key regulators of mRNA translation and ribosome synthesis (PubMed:12087098, PubMed:12150925, PubMed:12150926, PubMed:12231510, PubMed:12718876, PubMed:14651849, PubMed:15268862, PubMed:15467718, PubMed:15545625, PubMed:15718470, PubMed:18497260, PubMed:18762023, PubMed:18925875, PubMed:20516213, PubMed:20537536, PubMed:21659604, PubMed:23429703, PubMed:23429704, PubMed:25799227, PubMed:26018084). This includes phosphorylation of EIF4EBP1 and release of its inhibition toward the elongation initiation factor 4E (eiF4E) (By similarity). Moreover, phosphorylates and activates RPS6KB1 and RPS6KB2 that promote protein synthesis by modulating the activity of their downstream targets including ribosomal protein S6, eukaryotic translation initiation factor EIF4B, and the inhibitor of translation initiation PDCD4 (PubMed:12150925, PubMed:12087098, PubMed:18925875). This also includes mTORC1 signaling cascade controlling the MiT/TFE factors TFEB and TFE3: in the presence of nutrients, mediates phosphorylation of TFEB and TFE3, promoting their cytosolic retention and inactivation (PubMed:22576015, PubMed:22343943, PubMed:22692423). Upon starvation or lysosomal stress, inhibition of mTORC1 induces dephosphorylation and nuclear translocation of TFEB and TFE3, promoting their transcription factor activity (PubMed:22576015, PubMed:22343943, PubMed:22692423). Stimulates the pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway, both by acute regulation through RPS6KB1-mediated phosphorylation of the biosynthetic enzyme CAD, and delayed regulation, through transcriptional enhancement of the pentose phosphate pathway which produces 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP), an allosteric activator of CAD at a later step in synthesis, this function is dependent on the mTORC1 complex (PubMed:23429704, PubMed:23429703). Regulates ribosome synthesis by activating RNA polymerase III-dependent transcription through phosphorylation and inhibition of MAF1 an RNA polymerase III-repressor (PubMed:20516213). In parallel to protein synthesis, also regulates lipid synthesis through SREBF1/SREBP1 and LPIN1 (By similarity). To maintain energy homeostasis mTORC1 may also regulate mitochondrial biogenesis through regulation of PPARGC1A (By similarity). mTORC1 also negatively regulates autophagy through phosphorylation of ULK1 (By similarity). Under nutrient sufficiency, phosphorylates ULK1 at 'Ser-758', disrupting the interaction with AMPK and preventing activation of ULK1 (By similarity). Also prevents autophagy through phosphorylation of the autophagy inhibitor DAP (PubMed:20537536). Also prevents autophagy by phosphorylating RUBCNL/Pacer under nutrient-rich conditions (PubMed:30704899). mTORC1 exerts a feedback control on upstream growth factor signaling that includes phosphorylation and activation of GRB10 a INSR-dependent signaling suppressor (PubMed:21659604). Among other potential targets mTORC1 may phosphorylate CLIP1 and regulate microtubules (PubMed:12231510). As part of the mTORC2 complex MTOR may regulate other cellular processes including survival and organization of the cytoskeleton (PubMed:15268862, PubMed:15467718). Plays a critical role in the phosphorylation at 'Ser-473' of AKT1, a pro-survival effector of phosphoinositide 3-kinase, facilitating its activation by PDK1 (PubMed:15718470). mTORC2 may regulate the actin cytoskeleton, through phosphorylation of PRKCA, PXN and activation of the Rho-type guanine nucleotide exchange factors RHOA and RAC1A or RAC1B (PubMed:15268862). mTORC2 also regulates the phosphorylation of SGK1 at 'Ser-422' (PubMed:18925875). Regulates osteoclastogenesis by adjusting the expression of CEBPB isoforms (By similarity). Plays an important regulatory role in the circadian clock function; regulates period length and rhythm amplitude of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and liver clocks (By similarity). Phosphorylates SQSTM1, promoting interaction between SQSTM1 and KEAP1 and subsequent inactivation of the BCR(KEAP1) complex (By similarity).ACTIVITY REGULATION Activation of mTORC1 by growth factors such as insulin involves AKT1-mediated phosphorylation of TSC1-TSC2, which leads to the activation of the RHEB GTPase a potent activator of the protein kinase activity of mTORC1. Insulin-stimulated and amino acid-dependent phosphorylation at Ser-1261 promotes autophosphorylation and the activation of mTORC1. Activation by amino acids requires relocalization of the mTORC1 complex to lysosomes that is mediated by the Ragulator complex, SLC38A9, and the Rag GTPases RRAGA, RRAGB, RRAGC and RRAGD (PubMed:18497260, PubMed:20381137, PubMed:25561175, PubMed:25567906). On the other hand, low cellular energy levels can inhibit mTORC1 through activation of PRKAA1 while hypoxia inhibits mTORC1 through a REDD1-dependent mechanism which may also require PRKAA1. The kinase activity of MTOR within the mTORC1 complex is positively regulated by MLST8 and negatively regulated by DEPTOR and AKT1S1. MTOR phosphorylates RPTOR which in turn inhibits mTORC1. MTOR is the target of the immunosuppressive and anti-cancer drug rapamycin which acts in complex with FKBP1A/FKBP12, and specifically inhibits its kinase activity. mTORC2 is also activated by growth factors, but seems to be nutrient-insensitive. It may be regulated by RHEB but in an indirect manner through the PI3K signaling pathway.SUBUNIT Part of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) which contains MTOR, MLST8, RPTOR, AKT1S1/PRAS40 and DEPTOR. The mTORC1 complex is a 1 Md obligate dimer of two stoichiometric heterotetramers with overall dimensions of 290 A x 210 A x 135 A. It has a rhomboid shape and a central cavity, the dimeric interfaces are formed by interlocking interactions between the two MTOR and the two RPTOR subunits. The MLST8 subunit forms distal foot-like protuberances, and contacts only one MTOR within the complex, while the small PRAS40 localizes to the midsection of the central core, in close proximity to RPTOR. Part of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) which contains MTOR, MLST8, PRR5, RICTOR, MAPKAP1 and DEPTOR. Interacts with PLPP7 and PML. Interacts with PRR5 and RICTOR; the interaction is direct within the mTORC2 complex. Interacts with WAC; WAC positively regulates MTOR activity by promoting the assembly of the TTT complex composed of TELO2, TTI1 and TTI2 and the RUVBL complex composed of RUVBL1 and RUVBL2 into the TTT-RUVBL complex which leads to the dimerization of the mTORC1 complex and its subsequent activation (PubMed:26812014). Interacts with UBQLN1. Interacts with TTI1 and TELO2. Interacts with CLIP1; phosphorylates and regulates CLIP1. Interacts with NBN. Interacts with HTR6 (PubMed:23027611). Interacts with BRAT1. Interacts with MEAK7 (via C-terminal domain); the interaction increases upon nutrient stimulation (PubMed:29750193). Interacts with TM4SF5; the interaction is positively regulated by arginine and is negatively regulated by leucine (PubMed:30956113). Interacts with GPR137B (PubMed:31036939).TISSUE SPECIFICITY Expressed in numerous tissues, with highest levels in testis.DOMAIN The kinase domain (PI3K/PI4K) is intrinsically active but has a highly restricted catalytic center.DOMAIN The FAT domain forms three discontinuous subdomains of alpha-helical TPR repeats plus a single subdomain of HEAT repeats. The four domains pack sequentially to form a C-shaped a-solenoid that clamps onto the kinase domain (PubMed:23636326).PTM Autophosphorylates when part of mTORC1 or mTORC2. Phosphorylation at Ser-1261, Ser-2159 and Thr-2164 promotes autophosphorylation. Phosphorylation in the kinase domain modulates the interactions of MTOR with RPTOR and PRAS40 and leads to increased intrinsic mTORC1 kinase activity. Phosphorylation at Thr-2173 in the ATP-binding region by AKT1 strongly reduces kinase activity.SIMILARITY Belongs to the PI3/PI4-kinase family.

UniProtP42345

EQUAL

2549

EQUAL

Reactome Database ID Release 75377400Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=377400ReactomeR-HSA-377400

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-377400.1

Reactome DB_ID: 8952725

Ragulator:RagA,B:GTP:RagC,D:GDP:SLC38A9 [lysosomal membrane]

Ragulator:RagA,B:GTP:RagC,D:GDP:SLC38A9

Reactome DB_ID: 5215938

UniProt:Q8NBW4 SLC38A9

SLC38A9

URLC11SLC38A9FUNCTION Lysosomal amino acid transporter involved in the activation of mTORC1 in response to amino acid levels. Probably acts as an amino acid sensor of the Rag GTPases and Ragulator complexes, 2 complexes involved in amino acid sensing and activation of mTORC1, a signaling complex promoting cell growth in response to growth factors, energy levels, and amino acids (PubMed:25561175, PubMed:25567906, PubMed:29053970). Following activation by amino acids, the Ragulator and Rag GTPases function as a scaffold recruiting mTORC1 to lysosomes where it is in turn activated. SLC38A9 mediates transport of amino acids with low capacity and specificity with a slight preference for polar amino acids (PubMed:25561175, PubMed:25567906). Acts as an arginine sensor (PubMed:25567906, PubMed:29053970). Following activation by arginine binding, mediates transport of leucine, tyrosine and phenylalanine with high efficiency, and is required for the efficient utilization of these amino acids after lysosomal protein degradation (PubMed:29053970).ACTIVITY REGULATION Amino acid transport is sodium-dependent (By similarity). Transport of leucine, tyrosine and phenylalanine is increased by arginine binding (PubMed:29053970).SUBUNIT Associated component of the Ragulator complex (composed of LAMTOR1, LAMTOR2, LAMTOR3, LAMTOR4 and LAMTOR5). Associated component of the Rag GTPases heterodimers (composed of RRAGA, RRAGB, RRAGC and RRAGD). Interacts with TM4SF5 (PubMed:30956113).DOMAIN The cytosolic N-terminus part of the protein mediates interaction with the Ragulator complex and the Rag GTPases heterodimers.PTM Glycosylated.SIMILARITY Belongs to the amino acid/polyamine transporter 2 family. SLC38A9 subfamily.

UniProtQ8NBW4

EQUAL

561

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 5653979

Ragulator:RagA,B:GTP:RagC,D:GDP [lysosomal membrane]

Ragulator:RagA,B:GTP:RagC,D:GDP

Reactome DB_ID: 5653945

RagA,B:GTP:RagC,D:GDP [cytosol]

RagA,B:GTP:RagC,D:GDP

Converted from EntitySet in Reactome

Reactome DB_ID: 5653964

RRAGC,RRAGD:GDP [cytosol]Converted from EntitySet in Reactome. Each synonym is a name of a PhysicalEntity, and each XREF points to one PhysicalEntity

Converted from EntitySet in Reactome

Reactome DB_ID: 5653946

RRAGA, RRAGB:GTP [cytosol]Converted from EntitySet in Reactome. Each synonym is a name of a PhysicalEntity, and each XREF points to one PhysicalEntity

Reactome Database ID Release 755653945Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5653945ReactomeR-HSA-5653945

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5653945.2

Reactome DB_ID: 5653921

Ragulator [lysosomal membrane]

Ragulator

Reactome DB_ID: 5655432

UniProt:Q0VGL1 LAMTOR4

LAMTOR4

LAMTOR4C7orf59FUNCTION As part of the Ragulator complex it is involved in amino acid sensing and activation of mTORC1, a signaling complex promoting cell growth in response to growth factors, energy levels, and amino acids. Activated by amino acids through a mechanism involving the lysosomal V-ATPase, the Ragulator functions as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor activating the small GTPases Rag. Activated Ragulator and Rag GTPases function as a scaffold recruiting mTORC1 to lysosomes where it is in turn activated.SUBUNIT Part of the Ragulator complex composed of LAMTOR1, LAMTOR2, LAMTOR3, LAMTOR4 and LAMTOR5 (PubMed:22980980). LAMTOR4 and LAMTOR5 form a heterodimer that interacts, through LAMTOR1, with a LAMTOR2, LAMTOR3 heterodimer (PubMed:22980980). The Ragulator complex interacts with both the mTORC1 complex and heterodimers constituted of the Rag GTPases RRAGA, RRAGB, RRAGC and RRAGD; regulated by amino acid availability (PubMed:22980980). The Ragulator complex interacts with SLC38A9; the probable amino acid sensor (PubMed:25561175, PubMed:25567906). Component of the lysosomal folliculin complex (LFC), composed of FLCN, FNIP1 (or FNIP2), RRAGA/RagA or RRAGB/RagB GDP-bound, RRAGC/RagC or RRAGD/RagD GTP-bound, and Ragulator (PubMed:31704029, PubMed:31672913).SIMILARITY Belongs to the LAMTOR4 family.

UniProtQ0VGL1

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 5655441

UniProt:O43504 LAMTOR5

LAMTOR5

HBXIPXIPLAMTOR5FUNCTION As part of the Ragulator complex it is involved in amino acid sensing and activation of mTORC1, a signaling complex promoting cell growth in response to growth factors, energy levels, and amino acids. Activated by amino acids through a mechanism involving the lysosomal V-ATPase, the Ragulator functions as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor activating the small GTPases Rag. Activated Ragulator and Rag GTPases function as a scaffold recruiting mTORC1 to lysosomes where it is in turn activated. When complexed to BIRC5, interferes with apoptosome assembly, preventing recruitment of pro-caspase-9 to oligomerized APAF1, thereby selectively suppressing apoptosis initiated via the mitochondrial/cytochrome c pathway. Down-regulates hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication.SUBUNIT Homodimer (PubMed:21059355). Part of the Ragulator complex composed of LAMTOR1, LAMTOR2, LAMTOR3, LAMTOR4 and LAMTOR5. LAMTOR4 and LAMTOR5 form a heterodimer that interacts, through LAMTOR1, with a LAMTOR2, LAMTOR3 heterodimer (PubMed:22980980). The Ragulator complex interacts with both the mTORC1 complex and heterodimers constituted of the Rag GTPases RRAGA, RRAGB, RRAGC and RRAGD; regulated by amino acid availability (PubMed:22980980). The Ragulator complex interacts with SLC38A9; the probable amino acid sensor (PubMed:25561175, PubMed:25567906). Component of the lysosomal folliculin complex (LFC), composed of FLCN, FNIP1 (or FNIP2), RRAGA/RagA or RRAGB/RagB GDP-bound, RRAGC/RagC or RRAGD/RagD GTP-bound, and Ragulator (PubMed:31704029, PubMed:31672913). Interacts with phosphorylated BIRC5; the resulting complex binds pro-caspase-9, as well as active caspase-9, but much less efficiently (PubMed:12773388). Interacts with SUPV3L1 (PubMed:16176273).SUBUNIT (Microbial infection) Interacts with hepatitis B virus (HBV) oncoprotein HBX C-terminus.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Highly expressed in skeletal and cardiac muscle, followed by pancreas, kidney, liver, brain, placenta and lung. Elevated levels in both cancerous and non-cancerous liver tissue of patients with chronic HBV infection compared with hepatic tissue without HBV infection.MISCELLANEOUS Suppression of caspase activation by the BIRC5/HBXIP complex is increased in the presence of HBX.SIMILARITY Belongs to the LAMTOR5 family.

UniProtO43504

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 5653581

UniProt:Q9UHA4 LAMTOR3

LAMTOR3

MAP2K1IP1MAPKSP1LAMTOR3PRO2783FUNCTION As part of the Ragulator complex it is involved in amino acid sensing and activation of mTORC1, a signaling complex promoting cell growth in response to growth factors, energy levels, and amino acids. Activated by amino acids through a mechanism involving the lysosomal V-ATPase, the Ragulator functions as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor activating the small GTPases Rag. Activated Ragulator and Rag GTPases function as a scaffold recruiting mTORC1 to lysosomes where it is in turn activated. Adapter protein that enhances the efficiency of the MAP kinase cascade facilitating the activation of MAPK2.SUBUNIT Part of the Ragulator complex composed of LAMTOR1, LAMTOR2, LAMTOR3, LAMTOR4 and LAMTOR5 (PubMed:20381137, PubMed:22980980). LAMTOR4 and LAMTOR5 form a heterodimer that interacts, through LAMTOR1, with a LAMTOR2, LAMTOR3 heterodimer (PubMed:20381137, PubMed:22980980). Interacts with LAMTOR1 and LAMTOR2; the interaction is direct (PubMed:20381137, PubMed:22980980). The Ragulator complex interacts with both the mTORC1 complex and heterodimers constituted of the Rag GTPases RRAGA, RRAGB, RRAGC and RRAGD; regulated by amino acid availability (PubMed:20381137). The Ragulator complex interacts with SLC38A9; the probable amino acid sensor (PubMed:25561175, PubMed:25567906). Component of the lysosomal folliculin complex (LFC), composed of FLCN, FNIP1 (or FNIP2), RRAGA/RagA or RRAGB/RagB GDP-bound, RRAGC/RagC or RRAGD/RagD GTP-bound, and Ragulator (PubMed:31704029, PubMed:31672913). Interacts with MAP2K1/MEK1 and MAPK2 (By similarity). Interacts with MORG1 (By similarity).SIMILARITY Belongs to the LAMTOR3 family.

UniProtQ9UHA4

EQUAL

124

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 5653583

UniProt:Q9Y2Q5 LAMTOR2

LAMTOR2

MAPBPIPROBLD3LAMTOR2HSPC003FUNCTION As part of the Ragulator complex it is involved in amino acid sensing and activation of mTORC1, a signaling complex promoting cell growth in response to growth factors, energy levels, and amino acids. Activated by amino acids through a mechanism involving the lysosomal V-ATPase, the Ragulator functions as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor activating the small GTPases Rag. Activated Ragulator and Rag GTPases function as a scaffold recruiting mTORC1 to lysosomes where it is in turn activated. Adapter protein that enhances the efficiency of the MAP kinase cascade facilitating the activation of MAPK2.SUBUNIT Part of the Ragulator complex composed of LAMTOR1, LAMTOR2, LAMTOR3, LAMTOR4 and LAMTOR5 (PubMed:20381137, PubMed:22980980). LAMTOR4 and LAMTOR5 form a heterodimer that interacts, through LAMTOR1, with a LAMTOR2, LAMTOR3 heterodimer (PubMed:20381137, PubMed:22980980). Interacts with LAMTOR1 and LAMTOR3; the interaction is direct (PubMed:20381137, PubMed:22980980). The Ragulator complex interacts with both the mTORC1 complex and heterodimers constituted of the Rag GTPases RRAGA, RRAGB, RRAGC and RRAGD; regulated by amino acid availability (PubMed:20381137, PubMed:22980980). The Ragulator complex interacts with SLC38A9; the probable amino acid sensor (PubMed:25561175, PubMed:25567906). Interacts with MAPK1 and MAP2K1 (By similarity). Component of the lysosomal folliculin complex (LFC), composed of FLCN, FNIP1 (or FNIP2), RRAGA/RagA or RRAGB/RagB GDP-bound, RRAGC/RagC or RRAGD/RagD GTP-bound, and Ragulator (PubMed:31704029, PubMed:31672913).SIMILARITY Belongs to the GAMAD family.

UniProtQ9Y2Q5

EQUAL

125

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 5653582

UniProt:Q6IAA8 LAMTOR1

LAMTOR1

PDROPP7157LAMTOR1C11orf59FUNCTION As part of the Ragulator complex it is involved in amino acid sensing and activation of mTORC1, a signaling complex promoting cell growth in response to growth factors, energy levels, and amino acids. Activated by amino acids through a mechanism involving the lysosomal V-ATPase, the Ragulator functions as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor activating the small GTPases Rag. Activated Ragulator and Rag GTPases function as a scaffold recruiting mTORC1 to lysosomes where it is in turn activated. LAMTOR1 is directly responsible for anchoring the Ragulator complex to membranes. Also required for late endosomes/lysosomes biogenesis it may regulate both the recycling of receptors through endosomes and the MAPK signaling pathway through recruitment of some of its components to late endosomes. May be involved in cholesterol homeostasis regulating LDL uptake and cholesterol release from late endosomes/lysosomes. May also play a role in RHOA activation.SUBUNIT Part of the Ragulator complex composed of LAMTOR1, LAMTOR2, LAMTOR3, LAMTOR4 and LAMTOR5 (PubMed:20381137, PubMed:22980980). LAMTOR4 and LAMTOR5 form a heterodimer that interacts, through LAMTOR1, with a LAMTOR2, LAMTOR3 heterodimer (PubMed:20381137, PubMed:22980980). Interacts with LAMTOR2 and LAMTOR3; the interaction is direct (PubMed:20381137, PubMed:22980980). The Ragulator complex interacts with both the mTORC1 complex and heterodimers constituted of the Rag GTPases RRAGA, RRAGB, RRAGC and RRAGD; regulated by amino acid availability (PubMed:20381137, PubMed:22980980). The Ragulator complex interacts with SLC38A9; the probable amino acid sensor (PubMed:25561175, PubMed:25567906). Component of the lysosomal folliculin complex (LFC), composed of FLCN, FNIP1 (or FNIP2), RRAGA/RagA or RRAGB/RagB GDP-bound, RRAGC/RagC or RRAGD/RagD GTP-bound, and Ragulator (PubMed:31704029, PubMed:31672913). Interacts with RRAGB and RRAGD; the interaction is direct indicating that it probably constitutes the main RAG-interacting subunit of the Ragulator complex (PubMed:22980980). Interacts with MMP14 (PubMed:19654316). Interacts with CDKN1B; prevents the interaction of CDKN1B with RHOA leaving RHOA in a form accessible to activation by ARHGEF2 (PubMed:19654316). Interacts with PIP4P1 (PubMed:29644770).INDUCTION Down-regulated by cholesterol (at protein level).SIMILARITY Belongs to the LAMTOR1 family.

UniProtQ6IAA8

EQUAL

161

EQUAL

Reactome Database ID Release 755653921Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5653921ReactomeR-HSA-5653921

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5653921.1Reactome Database ID Release 755653979Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5653979ReactomeR-HSA-5653979

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5653979.2Reactome Database ID Release 758952725Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8952725ReactomeR-HSA-8952725

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8952725.3Reactome Database ID Release 755653972Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5653972ReactomeR-HSA-5653972

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5653972.3Reactome Database ID Release 75165678Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=165678ReactomeR-HSA-165678

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-165678.1GO0004674

GO molecular function

Reactome Database ID Release 75165690Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=165690Reactome Database ID Release 75165718Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=165718ReactomeR-HSA-165718

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-165718.415809305Pubmed2005Structure of S6 kinase 1 determines whether raptor-mTOR or rictor-mTORAli, SMSabatini, DMJ Biol Chem 280:19445-8

INHIBITION

Reactome Database ID Release 759690475Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=9690475

Reactome DB_ID: 9679098

FKBP1A:sirolimus [cytosol]

FKBP1A:sirolimus

Reactome DB_ID: 2026007

UniProt:P62942 FKBP1A

FKBP1A

FKBP1AFKBP1FKBP12FUNCTION Keeps in an inactive conformation TGFBR1, the TGF-beta type I serine/threonine kinase receptor, preventing TGF-beta receptor activation in absence of ligand. Recruits SMAD7 to ACVR1B which prevents the association of SMAD2 and SMAD3 with the activin receptor complex, thereby blocking the activin signal. May modulate the RYR1 calcium channel activity. PPIases accelerate the folding of proteins. It catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides.ACTIVITY REGULATION Inhibited by both FK506 and rapamycin.SUBUNIT Interacts with TGFBR1; prevents TGFBR1 phosphorylation by TGFBR2 and stabilizes it in the inactive conformation (PubMed:9233797). Interacts with ACVR1B and SMAD7 (PubMed:16720724). Identified in a complex composed of RYR1, PDE4D, PKA, FKBP1A and protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) (By similarity). Interacts directly with RYR2 and RYR3 (PubMed:10358090, PubMed:22100703). Interacts with GLMN; rapamycin and FK506 abolish the interaction with GLMN in a dose dependent manner (PubMed:8955134). Interacts directly with RYR1 (By similarity).SIMILARITY Belongs to the FKBP-type PPIase family. FKBP1 subfamily.

UniProtP62942

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108

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 9678687

sirolimus [IUPHAR:6031]

sirolimus

Rapamune®WY-090217AY-22989rapamycin

IUPHAR6031Reactome Database ID Release 759679098Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=9679098ReactomeR-HSA-9679098

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-9679098.2

INHIBITION

Reactome Database ID Release 75447081Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=447081ReactomeR-HSA-447081

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-447081.1

Reactome DB_ID: 5693284

mTORC1 with p-S722,S792-RPTOR:Ragulator:Rag:GNP:RHEB:GTP [lysosomal membrane]

mTORC1 with p-S722,S792-RPTOR:Ragulator:Rag:GNP:RHEB:GTP

Reactome DB_ID: 5693283

mTORC1 with p-RPTOR:Ragulator:Rag:GNP [lysosomal membrane]

mTORC1 with p-RPTOR:Ragulator:Rag:GNP

Reactome DB_ID: 5673771

mTORC1 with p-S722,S792-RPTOR [cytosol]

mTORC1 with p-S722,S792-RPTOR

MLST8:MTOR:p-S722,S792-RPTOR

Reactome DB_ID: 3132767

O-phospho-L-serine at 722

722

EQUAL

O-phospho-L-serine at 792

792

EQUAL

1335

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 165676

EQUAL

326

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 165662

EQUAL

2549

EQUAL

Reactome Database ID Release 755673771Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5673771ReactomeR-HSA-5673771

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5673771.1

Reactome DB_ID: 8952725

Reactome Database ID Release 755693283Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5693283ReactomeR-HSA-5693283

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5693283.2

Reactome DB_ID: 165189

Reactome Database ID Release 755693284Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5693284ReactomeR-HSA-5693284

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5693284.1

ACTIVATION

Reactome Database ID Release 755672889Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5672889ReactomeR-HSA-5672889

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5672889.1

Reactome DB_ID: 5672861

mTORC1:p-T246-AKT1S1:YWHAB [lysosomal membrane]

mTORC1:p-T246-AKT1S1:YWHAB

Reactome DB_ID: 48888

UniProt:P31946 YWHAB

YWHAB

YWHABFUNCTION Adapter protein implicated in the regulation of a large spectrum of both general and specialized signaling pathways. Binds to a large number of partners, usually by recognition of a phosphoserine or phosphothreonine motif. Binding generally results in the modulation of the activity of the binding partner. Negative regulator of osteogenesis. Blocks the nuclear translocation of the phosphorylated form (by AKT1) of SRPK2 and antagonizes its stimulatory effect on cyclin D1 expression resulting in blockage of neuronal apoptosis elicited by SRPK2. Negative regulator of signaling cascades that mediate activation of MAP kinases via AKAP13.SUBUNIT Homodimer (PubMed:17717073). Interacts with SAMSN1 and PRKCE (By similarity). Interacts with AKAP13 (PubMed:21224381). Interacts with SSH1 and TORC2/CRTC2 (PubMed:15454081, PubMed:15159416). Interacts with ABL1; the interaction results in cytoplasmic location of ABL1 and inhibition of cABL-mediated apoptosis (PubMed:15696159). Interacts with ROR2 (dimer); the interaction results in phosphorylation of YWHAB on tyrosine residues (PubMed:17717073). Interacts with GAB2 (PubMed:19172738). Interacts with YAP1 (phosphorylated form) (PubMed:17974916). Interacts with the phosphorylated (by AKT1) form of SRPK2 (PubMed:19592491). Interacts with PKA-phosphorylated AANAT (PubMed:11427721). Interacts with MYO1C (PubMed:24636949). Interacts with SIRT2 (PubMed:18249187). Interacts with the 'Thr-369' phosphorylated form of DAPK2 (PubMed:26047703). Interacts with PI4KB, TBC1D22A and TBC1D22B (PubMed:23572552). Interacts with the 'Ser-1134' and 'Ser-1161' phosphorylated form of SOS1 (PubMed:22827337). Interacts (via phosphorylated form) with YWHAB; this interaction occurs in a protein kinase AKT1-dependent manner (PubMed:15538381). Interacts with SLITRK1 (PubMed:19640509). Interacts with SYNPO2 (phosphorylated form); YWHAB competes with ACTN2 for interaction with SYNPO2 (By similarity). Interacts with RIPOR2 (via phosphorylated form) isoform 2; this interaction occurs in a chemokine-dependent manner and does not compete for binding of RIPOR2 with RHOA nor blocks inhibition of RIPOR2-mediated RHOA activity (PubMed:25588844). Interacts with MARK2 and MARK3 (PubMed:16959763).SUBUNIT (Microbial infection) Interacts with herpes simplex virus 1 protein UL46.SUBUNIT (Microbial infection) Probably interacts with Chlamydia trachomatis protein IncG.PTM The alpha, brain-specific form differs from the beta form in being phosphorylated. Phosphorylated on Ser-60 by protein kinase C delta type catalytic subunit in a sphingosine-dependent fashion.SIMILARITY Belongs to the 14-3-3 family.

UniProtP31946

EQUAL

246

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 377420

mTORC1:RHEB:GTP:p-T246-AKT1S1 [lysosomal membrane]

mTORC1:RHEB:GTP:p-T246-AKT1S1

Reactome DB_ID: 165678

Reactome DB_ID: 377124

UniProt:Q96B36 AKT1S1

AKT1S1

PRAS40AKT1S1FUNCTION Subunit of mTORC1, which regulates cell growth and survival in response to nutrient and hormonal signals. mTORC1 is activated in response to growth factors or amino acids. Growth factor-stimulated mTORC1 activation involves a AKT1-mediated phosphorylation of TSC1-TSC2, which leads to the activation of the RHEB GTPase that potently activates the protein kinase activity of mTORC1. Amino acid-signaling to mTORC1 requires its relocalization to the lysosomes mediated by the Ragulator complex and the Rag GTPases. Activated mTORC1 up-regulates protein synthesis by phosphorylating key regulators of mRNA translation and ribosome synthesis. mTORC1 phosphorylates EIF4EBP1 and releases it from inhibiting the elongation initiation factor 4E (eiF4E). mTORC1 phosphorylates and activates S6K1 at 'Thr-389', which then promotes protein synthesis by phosphorylating PDCD4 and targeting it for degradation. Within mTORC1, AKT1S1 negatively regulates mTOR activity in a manner that is dependent on its phosphorylation state and binding to 14-3-3 proteins. Inhibits RHEB-GTP-dependent mTORC1 activation. Substrate for AKT1 phosphorylation, but can also be activated by AKT1-independent mechanisms. May also play a role in nerve growth factor-mediated neuroprotection.SUBUNIT Part of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) which contains MTOR, MLST8, RPTOR, AKT1S1/PRAS40 and DEPTOR. mTORC1 binds to and is inhibited by FKBP12-rapamycin. Interacts directly with RPTOR. The phosphorylated form interacts with 14-3-3 proteins.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Widely expressed with highest levels of expression in liver and heart. Expressed at higher levels in cancer cell lines (e.g. A-549 and HeLa) than in normal cell lines (e.g. HEK293).PTM Phosphorylated by AKT1 (PubMed:12524439). Phosphorylation at Thr-246 by DYRK3 relieves inhibitory function on mTORC1 (PubMed:23415227).

UniProtQ96B36

O-phospho-L-threonine at 246

246

EQUAL

256

EQUAL

Reactome Database ID Release 75377420Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=377420ReactomeR-HSA-377420

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-377420.1Reactome Database ID Release 755672861Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5672861ReactomeR-HSA-5672861

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5672861.1