BioPAX pathway converted from "PPARG:RXRA heterodimer binds to PPARG corepressors" in the Reactome database.PPARG:RXRA heterodimer binds to PPARG corepressorsPPARG:RXRA heterodimer binds to PPARG corepressorsThe PPARG:RXRA heterodimer binds specific the PPRE element, two 6-bp DR-1 motifs separated by 1 nucleotide, in the promoters of target genes such as aP2/FABP4 even in the absence of fatty acid ligands that activate PPARG. When activating ligands of PPARG are absent PPARG:RXRA recruits corepressors such as NCoR2(SMRT), NCoR, and HDAC3 to maintain the target gene in an inactive state.Authored: May, B, 2009-05-15 01:16:49Reviewed: D'Eustachio, P, 2009-05-26 22:09:50Reviewed: Sethi, JK, 2011-02-09Edited: May, B, Gopinathrao, G, 2008-11-19 19:22:37Edited: May, B, 2009-05-15 01:16:49Reactome DB_ID: 4425011nucleoplasmGO0005654UniProt:O75376 NCOR1NCOR1NCOR1KIAA1047FUNCTION Mediates transcriptional repression by certain nuclear receptors (PubMed:20812024). Part of a complex which promotes histone deacetylation and the formation of repressive chromatin structures which may impede the access of basal transcription factors. Participates in the transcriptional repressor activity produced by BCL6. Recruited by ZBTB7A to the androgen response elements/ARE on target genes, negatively regulates androgen receptor signaling and androgen-induced cell proliferation (PubMed:20812024). Mediates the NR1D1-dependent repression and circadian regulation of TSHB expression (By similarity). The NCOR1-HDAC3 complex regulates the circadian expression of the core clock gene ARTNL/BMAL1 and the genes involved in lipid metabolism in the liver (By similarity).SUBUNIT Forms a large corepressor complex that contains SIN3A/B and histone deacetylases HDAC1 and HDAC2. This complex associates with the thyroid receptor (TR) and the retinoid acid receptor (RAR) in the absence of ligand. Interacts directly with RARA; the interaction is facilitated with RARA trimethylation. Component of the N-Cor repressor complex, at least composed of CBFA2T3, HEXIM1, NCOR1, NCOR2, HDAC3, TBL1X, TBL1XR1, CORO2A and GPS2. Interacts with ZBTB33; the interaction serves to recruit the N-CoR complex to promoter regions containing methylated CpG dinucleotides. Interacts with TRIM28 and KDM3A. Interacts (via the RD1 domain) with BAZ1A (via its N-terminal); the interaction corepresses a number of NCOR1-regulated genes. Interacts with BCL6, C1D, DACH1, HEXIM1, HDAC7, RORA, RORC, SAP30, SIAH2, SIN3A and SIN3B. May interact with DEAF1. Interacts with RXRA. Interacts with SETD5 (By similarity). Interacts with VDR (PubMed:28698609). Interacts with ZBTB7A (PubMed:20812024). Interacts with AR (PubMed:20812024). Interacts with HDAC3 (By similarity).DOMAIN The N-terminal region contains three independent domains that are capable of mediating transcriptional repression (RD1, RD2 and RD3).DOMAIN The C-terminal region contains two separate nuclear receptor-interacting domains (ID1 and ID2), each of which contains a conserved sequence referred to as the CORNR box. This motif is necessary and sufficient for binding to unligated nuclear hormone receptors, while sequences flanking the CORNR box determine the precise nuclear hormone receptor specificity (By similarity).PTM Ubiquitinated; mediated by SIAH2 and leading to its subsequent proteasomal degradation.SIMILARITY Belongs to the N-CoR nuclear receptor corepressors family.Reactomehttp://www.reactome.orgHomo sapiensNCBI Taxonomy9606UniProtO75376Chain Coordinates1EQUAL2440EQUALReactome DB_ID: 4424691UniProt:Q9Y618 NCOR2NCOR2NCOR2CTG26FUNCTION Transcriptional corepressor (PubMed:20812024). Mediates the transcriptional repression activity of some nuclear receptors by promoting chromatin condensation, thus preventing access of the basal transcription. Isoform 1 and isoform 4 have different affinities for different nuclear receptors. Involved in the regulation BCL6-dependent of the germinal center (GC) reactions, mainly through the control of the GC B-cells proliferation and survival. Recruited by ZBTB7A to the androgen response elements/ARE on target genes, negatively regulates androgen receptor signaling and androgen-induced cell proliferation (PubMed:20812024).SUBUNIT Forms a large corepressor complex that contains SIN3A/B and histone deacetylases HDAC1 and HDAC2. This complex associates with the thyroid (TR) and the retinoid acid receptors (RAR) in the absence of ligand, and may stabilize their interaction with TFIIB. Interacts directly with RARA in the absence of ligand; the interaction represses RARA activity. Interacts (isoform SMRT) with HDAC10. Interacts with MINT. Component of the N-Cor repressor complex, at least composed of NCOR1, NCOR2, HDAC3, TBL1X, TBL1R, CORO2A and GPS2 (PubMed:10809664, PubMed:10944117, PubMed:11931768, PubMed:19858209, PubMed:21240272). Interacts with CBFA2T3 and ATXN1L. Interacts with RARB; the interaction is weak and does not repress RARB transactivational activity. Interacts with HDAC7 and C1D. Interacts with NR4A2; this interaction increases in the absence of PITX3. Interacts with BCL6 (via the BTB domain), required for BCL6 transcriptional repressor activity on a subset of target genes. Forms ternary complexes with BCOR and BCL6 on target gene promoters but, on enhancer elements, interacts with BCL6 and HDAC3 to repress proximal gene expression. May interact with DEAF1. Interacts with RXRA. Interacts with MECP2 (By similarity). Interacts with ZBTB7A (PubMed:20812024). Interacts with AR (PubMed:20812024). Interacts with TBL1Y (PubMed:30341416).TISSUE SPECIFICITY Ubiquitous. High levels of expression are detected in lung, spleen and brain.INDUCTION Regulated during cell cycle progression.DOMAIN The N-terminal region contains repression functions that are divided into three independent repression domains (RD1, RD2 and RD3). The C-terminal region contains the nuclear receptor-interacting domains that are divided in two separate interaction domains (ID1 and ID2).DOMAIN The two interaction domains (ID) contain a conserved sequence referred to as the CORNR box. This motif is required and sufficient to permit binding to unligated TR and RARS. Sequences flanking the CORNR box determine nuclear hormone receptor specificity.SIMILARITY Belongs to the N-CoR nuclear receptor corepressors family.UniProtQ9Y6181EQUAL2525EQUALReactome DB_ID: 4424641UniProt:O15379 HDAC3HDAC3HDAC3FUNCTION Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4), and some other non-histone substrates. Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes. Participates in the BCL6 transcriptional repressor activity by deacetylating the H3 'Lys-27' (H3K27) on enhancer elements, antagonizing EP300 acetyltransferase activity and repressing proximal gene expression. Probably participates in the regulation of transcription through its binding to the zinc-finger transcription factor YY1; increases YY1 repression activity. Required to repress transcription of the POU1F1 transcription factor. Acts as a molecular chaperone for shuttling phosphorylated NR2C1 to PML bodies for sumoylation (PubMed:21444723, PubMed:23911289). Contributes, together with XBP1 isoform 1, to the activation of NFE2L2-mediated HMOX1 transcription factor gene expression in a PI(3)K/mTORC2/Akt-dependent signaling pathway leading to endothelial cell (EC) survival under disturbed flow/oxidative stress (PubMed:25190803). Regulates both the transcriptional activation and repression phases of the circadian clock in a deacetylase activity-independent manner (By similarity). During the activation phase, promotes the accumulation of ubiquitinated ARNTL/BMAL1 at the E-boxes and during the repression phase, blocks FBXL3-mediated CRY1/2 ubiquitination and promotes the interaction of CRY1 and ARNTL/BMAL1 (By similarity). The NCOR1-HDAC3 complex regulates the circadian expression of the core clock gene ARTNL/BMAL1 and the genes involved in lipid metabolism in the liver (By similarity). Serves as a corepressor of RARA, causing its deacetylation and inhibition of RARE DNA element binding (PubMed:28167758). In association with RARA, plays a role in the repression of microRNA-10a and thereby in the inflammatory response (PubMed:28167758). Interacts with SETD5 (By similarity).SUBUNIT Interacts with HDAC7 and HDAC9. Forms a heterologous complex at least with YY1. Interacts with DAXX, HDAC10 and DACH1. Found in a complex with NCOR1 and NCOR2. Component of the N-Cor repressor complex, at least composed of NCOR1, NCOR2, HDAC3, TBL1X, TBL1R, CORO2A and GPS2. Interacts with BCOR, MJD2A/JHDM3A, NRIP1, PRDM6 and SRY. Interacts with BTBD14B. Interacts with GLIS2. Interacts (via the DNA-binding domain) with NR2C1; the interaction recruits phosphorylated NR2C1 to PML bodies for sumoylation. Component of the Notch corepressor complex. Interacts with CBFA2T3 and NKAP. Interacts with APEX1; the interaction is not dependent on the acetylated status of APEX1. Interacts with and deacetylates MAPK14. Interacts with ZMYND15. Interacts with SMRT/NCOR2 and BCL6 on DNA enhancer elements. Interacts with INSM1 (PubMed:10655483, PubMed:10669754, PubMed:10860984, PubMed:10898795, PubMed:11006275, PubMed:11466315, PubMed:11533236, PubMed:11861901, PubMed:14525983, PubMed:14633989, PubMed:15297880, PubMed:15927959, PubMed:16569215, PubMed:18417529, PubMed:19409814, PubMed:23911289). Interacts with XBP1 isoform 1; the interaction occurs in endothelial cell (EC) under disturbed flow (PubMed:25190803). Interacts (via C-terminus) with CCAR2 (via N-terminus). Interacts with and deacetylates MEF2D. Interacts with BEND3. Interacts with NKAPL (By similarity). Interacts with DHX36; this interaction occurs in a RNA-dependent manner (PubMed:18279852). Interacts weakly with CRY1; this interaction is enhanced in the presence of FBXL3 (By similarity). Interacts with FBXL3 and ARNTL/BMAL1 (By similarity). Interacts with NCOR1 (By similarity). Interacts with RARA (PubMed:28167758).TISSUE SPECIFICITY Widely expressed.INDUCTION Up-regulated by disturbed flow in umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro (PubMed:25190803).PTM Sumoylated in vitro.SIMILARITY Belongs to the histone deacetylase family. HD type 1 subfamily.UniProtO153791EQUAL428EQUALReactome DB_ID: 3812811PPARG:RXRA Heterodimer [nucleoplasm]PPARG:RXRA HeterodimerARF6 ComplexPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor:retinoic acid receptor heterodimerReactome DB_ID: 4461721UniProt:P37231 PPARGPPARGPPARGNR1C3FUNCTION Nuclear receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Once activated by a ligand, the nuclear receptor binds to DNA specific PPAR response elements (PPRE) and modulates the transcription of its target genes, such as acyl-CoA oxidase. It therefore controls the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Key regulator of adipocyte differentiation and glucose homeostasis. ARF6 acts as a key regulator of the tissue-specific adipocyte P2 (aP2) enhancer. Acts as a critical regulator of gut homeostasis by suppressing NF-kappa-B-mediated proinflammatory responses. Plays a role in the regulation of cardiovascular circadian rhythms by regulating the transcription of ARNTL/BMAL1 in the blood vessels (By similarity).FUNCTION (Microbial infection) Upon treatment with M.tuberculosis or its lipoprotein LpqH, phosphorylation of MAPK p38 and IL-6 production are modulated, probably via this protein.ACTIVITY REGULATION PDPK1 activates its transcriptional activity independently of its kinase activity.SUBUNIT Interacts with FOXO1 (acetylated form) (By similarity). Heterodimer with other nuclear receptors, such as RXRA. The heterodimer with the retinoic acid receptor RXRA is called adipocyte-specific transcription factor ARF6. Interacts with NCOA6 coactivator, leading to a strong increase in transcription of target genes. Interacts with coactivator PPARBP, leading to a mild increase in transcription of target genes. Interacts with NOCA7 in a ligand-inducible manner. Interacts with NCOA1 and NCOA2 LXXLL motifs. Interacts with ASXL1, ASXL2, DNTTIP2, FAM120B, MAP2K1/MEK1, NR0B2, PDPK1, PRDM16, PRMT2 and TGFB1I1. Interacts (when activated by agonist) with PPP5C. Interacts with HELZ2 and THRAP3; the interaction stimulates the transcriptional activity of PPARG. Interacts with PER2, the interaction is ligand dependent and blocks PPARG recruitment to target promoters. Interacts with NOCT. Interacts with ACTN4. Interacts (when in the liganded conformation) with GPS2 (By similarity). Interacts with CRY1 and CRY2 in a ligand-dependent manner (By similarity). In the absence of hormonal ligand, interacts with TACC1 (PubMed:20078863).TISSUE SPECIFICITY Highest expression in adipose tissue. Lower in skeletal muscle, spleen, heart and liver. Also detectable in placenta, lung and ovary.INDUCTION (Microbial infection) Expression increases when incubated with M.tuberculosis or its lipoprotein LpqH; induction is TLR2-dependent (at protein level).DOMAIN The 9aaTAD motif is a transactivation domain present in a large number of yeast and animal transcription factors.PTM O-GlcNAcylation at Thr-84 reduces transcriptional activity in adipocytes.PTM Phosphorylated in basal conditions and dephosphorylated when treated with the ligand. May be dephosphorylated by PPP5C. The phosphorylated form may be inactive and dephosphorylation at Ser-112 induces adipogenic activity (By similarity).POLYMORPHISM Genetic variations in PPARG define the body mass index quantitative trait locus 1 (BMIQ1) [MIM:606641]. The body max index (BMI) reflects the amount of fat, lean mass, and body build.POLYMORPHISM Genetic variations in PPARG influence the carotid intimal medial thickness (CIMT) [MIM:609338]. CIMT is a measure of atherosclerosis that is independently associated with traditional atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk factors and coronary atherosclerotic burden. 35 to 45% of the variability in multivariable-adjusted CIMT is explained by genetic factors.DISEASE Defects in PPARG can lead to type 2 insulin-resistant diabetes and hyptertension. PPARG mutations may be associated with colon cancer.SIMILARITY Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR1 subfamily.UniProtP372311EQUAL505EQUALReactome DB_ID: 3813191UniProt:P19793 RXRARXRARXRANR2B1FUNCTION Receptor for retinoic acid that acts as a transcription factor (PubMed:11162439, PubMed:11915042). Forms homo- or heterodimers with retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and binds to target response elements in response to their ligands, all-trans or 9-cis retinoic acid, to regulate gene expression in various biological processes (PubMed:10195690, PubMed:11162439, PubMed:11915042, PubMed:28167758, PubMed:17761950, PubMed:16107141, PubMed:18800767, PubMed:19167885). The RAR/RXR heterodimers bind to the retinoic acid response elements (RARE) composed of tandem 5'-AGGTCA-3' sites known as DR1-DR5 to regulate transcription (PubMed:10195690, PubMed:11162439, PubMed:11915042, PubMed:17761950, PubMed:28167758). The high affinity ligand for retinoid X receptors (RXRs) is 9-cis retinoic acid (PubMed:1310260). In the absence of ligand, the RXR-RAR heterodimers associate with a multiprotein complex containing transcription corepressors that induce histone deacetylation, chromatin condensation and transcriptional suppression (PubMed:20215566). On ligand binding, the corepressors dissociate from the receptors and coactivators are recruited leading to transcriptional activation (PubMed:20215566, PubMed:9267036). Serves as a common heterodimeric partner for a number of nuclear receptors, such as RARA, RARB and PPARA (PubMed:10195690, PubMed:11915042, PubMed:28167758, PubMed:29021580). The RXRA/RARB heterodimer can act as a transcriptional repressor or transcriptional activator, depending on the RARE DNA element context (PubMed:29021580). The RXRA/PPARA heterodimer is required for PPARA transcriptional activity on fatty acid oxidation genes such as ACOX1 and the P450 system genes (PubMed:10195690). Together with RARA, positively regulates microRNA-10a expression, thereby inhibiting the GATA6/VCAM1 signaling response to pulsatile shear stress in vascular endothelial cells (PubMed:28167758). Acts as an enhancer of RARA binding to RARE DNA element (PubMed:28167758). May facilitate the nuclear import of heterodimerization partners such as VDR and NR4A1 (PubMed:12145331, PubMed:15509776). Promotes myelin debris phagocytosis and remyelination by macrophages (PubMed:26463675). Plays a role in the attenuation of the innate immune system in response to viral infections, possibly by negatively regulating the transcription of antiviral genes such as type I IFN genes (PubMed:25417649). Involved in the regulation of calcium signaling by repressing ITPR2 gene expression, thereby controlling cellular senescence (PubMed:30216632).SUBUNIT Homodimer (PubMed:10669605, PubMed:17761950). Heterodimer (via C-terminus) with RARA; required for ligand-dependent retinoic acid receptor transcriptional activity; association with RARA is enhanced by pulsatile shear stress (PubMed:28167758, PubMed:10698945, PubMed:15509776). Heterodimer with PPARA (via the leucine-like zipper in the LBD); the interaction is required for PPARA transcriptional activity (PubMed:10195690, PubMed:11915042, PubMed:11698662). Heterodimerizes with PPARG (PubMed:10882139, PubMed:11698662). Heterodimerizes (via NR LBD) with RARB (PubMed:29021580). Heterodimerizes with NR1H4; the heterodimerization enhances the binding affinity for LXXLL motifs from coactivators (PubMed:30275017). Interacts with NCOA3 and NCOA6 coactivators (PubMed:9267036, PubMed:10567404). Interacts with coactivator FAM120B (By similarity). Interacts with coactivator PELP1, SENP6, SFPQ, DNTTIP2 and RNF8 (PubMed:16574651, PubMed:16912044, PubMed:11259580, PubMed:15047147, PubMed:14981089). Interacts with PRMT2 (PubMed:12039952). Interacts with ASXL1 (By similarity). Interacts with BHLHE40/DEC1, BHLHE41/DEC2, NCOR1 and NCOR2 (PubMed:19786558). Interacts in a ligand-dependent fashion with MED1 and NCOA1 (PubMed:19786558, PubMed:10882139, PubMed:11698662). Interacts with VDR (PubMed:28698609). Interacts with EP300; the interaction is decreased by 9-cis retinoic acid (PubMed:17761950). Heterodimer (via C-terminus) with NR4A1 (via DNA-binding domain); DNA-binding of the heterodimer is enhanced by 9-cis retinoic acid (PubMed:17761950, PubMed:15509776). NR4A1 competes with EP300 for interaction with RXRA and thereby attenuates EP300 mediated acetylation of RXRA (PubMed:17761950). In the absence of hormonal ligand, interacts with TACC1 (PubMed:20078863).SUBUNIT (Microbial infection) Interacts (via the DNA binding domain) with HCV core protein; the interaction enhances the transcriptional activities of the RXRA/RARA and the RXRA/PPARA heterodimers.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Expressed in lung fibroblasts (at protein level) (PubMed:30216632). Expressed in monocytes (PubMed:26463675). Highly expressed in liver, also found in kidney and brain (PubMed:24275569, PubMed:2159111, PubMed:14702039).INDUCTION Down-regulated by aging (PubMed:26463675). Induced by pulsatile shear stress (PubMed:28167758).DOMAIN Composed of three domains: a modulating N-terminal domain (AF1 domain), a DNA-binding domain and a C-terminal ligand-binding domain (AF2 domain).PTM Acetylated by EP300; acetylation enhances DNA binding and transcriptional activity.PTM Phosphorylated on serine and threonine residues mainly in the N-terminal modulating domain (By similarity). Constitutively phosphorylated on Ser-21 in the presence or absence of ligand (By similarity). Under stress conditions, hyperphosphorylated by activated JNK on Ser-56, Ser-70, Thr-82 and Ser-260 (By similarity). Phosphorylated on Ser-27, in vitro, by PKA (PubMed:11162439). This phosphorylation is required for repression of cAMP-mediated transcriptional activity of RARA (PubMed:11162439).PTM Sumoylation negatively regulates transcriptional activity. Desumoylated specifically by SENP6.SIMILARITY Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR2 subfamily.UniProtP197931EQUAL462EQUALReactome Database ID Release 75381281Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=381281ReactomeR-HSA-3812811Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-381281.1Reactome DB_ID: 3812261PPARG:RXRA:Corepressor Complex [nucleoplasm]PPARG:RXRA:Corepressor ComplexReactome DB_ID: 44250111EQUAL2440EQUALReactome DB_ID: 44246911EQUAL2525EQUALReactome DB_ID: 44246411EQUAL428EQUALReactome DB_ID: 3812811Reactome Database ID Release 75381226Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=381226ReactomeR-HSA-3812261Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-381226.1Reactome Database ID Release 75381290Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=381290ReactomeR-HSA-3812901Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-381290.117011499Pubmed2006Transcriptional control of adipocyte formationFarmer, SRCell Metab 4:263-738970730Pubmed1996Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: a nuclear receptor signaling pathway in lipid physiologyLemberger, TDesvergne, BWahli, WAnnu Rev Cell Dev Biol 12:335-63