BioPAX pathway converted from "Formation of an intermediate Spliceosomal C (Bact) complex" in the Reactome database.Formation of an intermediate Spliceosomal C (Bact) complex

Formation of an intermediate Spliceosomal C (Bact) complex

The intermediate spliceosomal C complex (also called the Bact or B(act) complex) is a very short-lived intermediate; the splicing intermediates are rapidly converted to splicing products. Also, the spliced products are released very rapidly, and no complex containing both the splicing products has been isolated. Conversion of the spliceosomal B complex to the spliceosomal C complex requires ATP. The extensive base-pairing between the U4 and U6 snRNAs is disrupted during the formation of the C complex, which is thought to require helicase-type activity associated with the DEAD box factors. The U4 snRNP and U1 snRNP dissociate from the complex and the LSM2-6 complex of the U6 snRNP is lost, apparently allowing the U6 snRNA to then base-pair with the U2 snRNA and the 5' end of the splice site on the mRNA (Bessonov et al. 2010).

Authored: Krainer, AR, 2003-06-05 08:30:23Edited: Joshi-Tope, G, 0000-00-00 00:00:00

Reactome DB_ID: 8849149

nucleoplasmGO0005654

UniProt:P38919 EIF4A3

EIF4A3

DDX48EIF4A3KIAA0111FUNCTION ATP-dependent RNA helicase (PubMed:16170325). Involved in pre-mRNA splicing as component of the spliceosome (PubMed:11991638, PubMed:22961380, PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28076346, PubMed:29301961). Core component of the splicing-dependent multiprotein exon junction complex (EJC) deposited at splice junctions on mRNAs (PubMed:16209946, PubMed:16170325, PubMed:16314458, PubMed:16923391, PubMed:16931718, PubMed:19033377, PubMed:20479275). The EJC is a dynamic structure consisting of core proteins and several peripheral nuclear and cytoplasmic associated factors that join the complex only transiently either during EJC assembly or during subsequent mRNA metabolism. The EJC marks the position of the exon-exon junction in the mature mRNA for the gene expression machinery and the core components remain bound to spliced mRNAs throughout all stages of mRNA metabolism thereby influencing downstream processes including nuclear mRNA export, subcellular mRNA localization, translation efficiency and nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). Its RNA-dependent ATPase and RNA-helicase activities are induced by CASC3, but abolished in presence of the MAGOH-RBM8A heterodimer, thereby trapping the ATP-bound EJC core onto spliced mRNA in a stable conformation. The inhibition of ATPase activity by the MAGOH-RBM8A heterodimer increases the RNA-binding affinity of the EJC. Involved in translational enhancement of spliced mRNAs after formation of the 80S ribosome complex. Binds spliced mRNA in sequence-independent manner, 20-24 nucleotides upstream of mRNA exon-exon junctions. Shows higher affinity for single-stranded RNA in an ATP-bound core EJC complex than after the ATP is hydrolyzed. Involved in the splicing modulation of BCL2L1/Bcl-X (and probably other apoptotic genes); specifically inhibits formation of proapoptotic isoforms such as Bcl-X(S); the function is different from the established EJC assembly (PubMed:22203037). Involved in craniofacial development (PubMed:24360810).ACTIVITY REGULATION The ATPase activity is increased some 4-fold in the presence of RNA.SUBUNIT Identified in the spliceosome C complex (PubMed:11991638, PubMed:22961380, PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28076346, PubMed:29301961). Core component of the mRNA splicing-dependent exon junction complex (EJC); the core complex contains CASC3, EIF4A3, MAGOH or MAGOHB, and RBM8A (PubMed:15034551, PubMed:14730019, PubMed:16170325, PubMed:16314458, PubMed:23917022, PubMed:16923391, PubMed:16931718, PubMed:19033377, PubMed:20479275). Interacts with CASC3, MAGOH, NXF1, RBM8A and ALYREF/THOC4 (PubMed:14730019, PubMed:16170325, PubMed:16495234, PubMed:22961380). May interact with NOM1. Interacts with POLDIP3 (PubMed:18423201). Interacts with CWC22 and PRPF19 in an RNA-independent manner (PubMed:22959432, PubMed:22961380, PubMed:23236153, PubMed:24218557). Direct interaction with CWC22 is mediated by the helicase C-terminal domain (PubMed:22959432, PubMed:24218557). Full interaction with CWC22 occurs only when EIF4A3 is not part of the EJC and prevents EIF4A3 binding to RNA. Identified in a complex composed of the EJC core, UPF3B and UPF2. The EJC core can also interact with UPF3A (in vitro) (PubMed:20479275). Interacts with NCBP3 (PubMed:26382858).TISSUE SPECIFICITY Ubiquitously expressed.SIMILARITY Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. eIF4A subfamily.

Reactomehttp://www.reactome.orgHomo sapiens

NCBI Taxonomy9606UniProtP38919

Chain Coordinates

EQUAL

411

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 8867885

UniProt:Q6UX04 CWC27

CWC27

SDCCAG10CWC27UNQ438/PRO871FUNCTION As part of the spliceosome, plays a role in pre-mRNA splicing (PubMed:29360106). Probable inactive PPIase with no peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity (PubMed:20676357).SUBUNIT Part of the activated spliceosome B/catalytic step 1 spliceosome, one of the forms of the spliceosome which has a well-formed active site but still cannot catalyze the branching reaction and is composed at least of 52 proteins, the U2, U5 and U6 snRNAs and the pre-mRNA. Recruited during early steps of activated spliceosome B maturation, it is probably one of the first proteins released from this complex as he matures to the spliceosome C complex.SIMILARITY Belongs to the cyclophilin-type PPIase family.CAUTION Despite the fact that it belongs to the cyclophilin-type PPIase family, a report has shown that it has probably no peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity.

UniProtQ6UX04

EQUAL

472

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 8850837

UniProt:O60231 DHX16

DHX16

PRP2DDX16KIAA0577DHX16DBP2FUNCTION Required for pre-mRNA splicing as component of the spliceosome (PubMed:20423332, PubMed:20841358, PubMed:25296192, PubMed:29360106). Contributes to pre-mRNA splicing after spliceosome formation and prior to the first transesterification reaction.SUBUNIT Component of pre-catalytic spliceosome complexes (PubMed:20423332, PubMed:20841358, PubMed:25296192, PubMed:29360106). Interacts with GPKOW.SIMILARITY Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DEAH subfamily. DDX16/PRP8 sub-subfamily.

UniProtO60231

EQUAL

1041

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 8867898

UniProt:Q9NXE8 CWC25

CWC25

CCDC49CWC25FUNCTION Involved in pre-mRNA splicing as component of the spliceosome.SUBUNIT Identified in the spliceosome C complex.SIMILARITY Belongs to the CWC25 family.

UniProtQ9NXE8

EQUAL

425

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 72021

Cleavage and Polyadenylation Complex [nucleoplasm]

Cleavage and Polyadenylation Complex

Reactome DB_ID: 72015

CF I [nucleoplasm]

CF I

Reactome DB_ID: 72013

CF I - 68 kDa subunit [nucleoplasm]

CF I - 68 kDa subunit

Cleavage Factor I 68 kDa subunit

Reactome DB_ID: 72014

CF I - 72 kDa subunit [nucleoplasm]

CF I - 72 kDa subunit

Cleavage Factor I 72 kDa subunit

Reactome DB_ID: 72012

UniProt:Q8N684 CPSF7

CPSF7

CPSF7FUNCTION Component of the cleavage factor Im (CFIm) complex that functions as an activator of the pre-mRNA 3'-end cleavage and polyadenylation processing required for the maturation of pre-mRNA into functional mRNAs (PubMed:8626397, PubMed:17024186, PubMed:29276085). CFIm contributes to the recruitment of multiprotein complexes on specific sequences on the pre-mRNA 3'-end, so called cleavage and polyadenylation signals (pA signals) (PubMed:8626397, PubMed:17024186). Most pre-mRNAs contain multiple pA signals, resulting in alternative cleavage and polyadenylation (APA) producing mRNAs with variable 3'-end formation (PubMed:23187700, PubMed:29276085). The CFIm complex acts as a key regulator of cleavage and polyadenylation site choice during APA through its binding to 5'-UGUA-3' elements localized in the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) for a huge number of pre-mRNAs (PubMed:20695905, PubMed:29276085). CPSF7 activates directly the mRNA 3'-processing machinery (PubMed:29276085). Binds to pA signals in RNA substrates (PubMed:8626397, PubMed:17024186).SUBUNIT Component of the cleavage factor Im (CFIm) complex which is a heterotetramer composed of two subunits of NUDT21/CPSF5 and two subunits of CPSF6 or CPSF7 or a heterodimer of CPSF6 and CPSF7 (PubMed:8626397, PubMed:20695905, PubMed:23187700, Ref.22). The cleavage factor Im (CFIm) complex associates with the CPSF and CSTF complexes to promote the assembly of the core mRNA 3'-processing machinery (PubMed:29276085). Interacts with NUDT21/CPSF5 (PubMed:29276085). Interacts (via Arg/Ser-rich domain) with FIP1L1 (preferentially via unphosphorylated form and Arg/Glu/Asp-rich region); this interaction mediates, at least in part, the interaction between the CFIm and CPSF complexes and may be inhibited by CPSF7 hyper-phosphorylation (PubMed:29276085).DOMAIN Contains an Arg/Ser-rich domain composed of arginine-serine dipeptide repeats within the C-terminal region that is necessary and sufficient for activating mRNA 3'-processing (PubMed:29276085).PTM Phosphorylated (PubMed:29276085).PTM Asymmetrically dimethylated on arginine residues by PRMT1 (PubMed:20562214).SIMILARITY Belongs to the RRM CPSF6/7 family.

UniProtQ8N684

EQUAL

471

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 72010

UniProt:O43809 NUDT21

NUDT21

CPSF5NUDT21CPSF25CFIM25FUNCTION Component of the cleavage factor Im (CFIm) complex that functions as an activator of the pre-mRNA 3'-end cleavage and polyadenylation processing required for the maturation of pre-mRNA into functional mRNAs (PubMed:9659921, PubMed:8626397, PubMed:14690600, PubMed:15937220, PubMed:17024186, PubMed:17098938, PubMed:29276085). CFIm contributes to the recruitment of multiprotein complexes on specific sequences on the pre-mRNA 3'-end, so called cleavage and polyadenylation signals (pA signals) (PubMed:9659921, PubMed:8626397, PubMed:14690600, PubMed:17024186). Most pre-mRNAs contain multiple pA signals, resulting in alternative cleavage and polyadenylation (APA) producing mRNAs with variable 3'-end formation (PubMed:17098938, PubMed:23187700, PubMed:29276085). The CFIm complex acts as a key regulator of cleavage and polyadenylation site choice during APA through its binding to 5'-UGUA-3' elements localized in the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) for a huge number of pre-mRNAs (PubMed:17098938, PubMed:20695905, PubMed:29276085). NUDT21/CPSF5 activates indirectly the mRNA 3'-processing machinery by recruiting CPSF6 and/or CPSF7 (PubMed:29276085). Binds to 5'-UGUA-3' elements localized upstream of pA signals that act as enhancers of pre-mRNA 3'-end processing (PubMed:8626397, PubMed:14690600, PubMed:15169763, PubMed:17024186, PubMed:22813749, PubMed:20479262). The homodimer mediates simultaneous sequence-specific recognition of two 5'-UGUA-3' elements within the pre-mRNA (PubMed:20479262, PubMed:21295486). Plays a role in somatic cell fate transitions and pluripotency by regulating widespread changes in gene expression through an APA-dependent function (By similarity). Binds to chromatin (By similarity). Binds to, but does not hydrolyze mono- and di-adenosine nucleotides (PubMed:18445629).SUBUNIT Homodimer (via N- and C-terminus); binds RNA as homodimer (PubMed:20695905, PubMed:18445629, PubMed:20479262). Component of the cleavage factor Im (CFIm) complex which is a heterotetramer composed of two subunits of NUDT21/CPSF5 and two subunits of CPSF6 or CPSF7 or a heterodimer of CPSF6 and CPSF7 (PubMed:9659921, PubMed:8626397, PubMed:14561889, PubMed:20695905, PubMed:23187700, PubMed:21295486). The cleavage factor Im (CFIm) complex associates with the CPSF and CSTF complexes to promote the assembly of the core mRNA 3'-processing machinery (PubMed:29276085). Interacts with CPSF6 (via the RRM domain); this interaction is direct and enhances binding to RNA (PubMed:14561889, PubMed:15169763, PubMed:17172643, PubMed:19864460, PubMed:29276085). Interacts with CPSF7 (PubMed:29276085, Ref.30). Interacts with FIP1L1; this interaction occurs in a RNA sequence-specific manner (PubMed:15937220). Interacts with PABPN1 (PubMed:15169763). Interacts (via N-terminus) with PAPOLA (via C-terminus); this interaction is direct and diminished by acetylation (PubMed:15169763, PubMed:17172643). Interacts with SNRNP70 (PubMed:14561889). Interacts with VIRMA (PubMed:29507755).TISSUE SPECIFICITY Expressed in the heart, brain, placenta, lung, liver, skeletal muscle, kidney and pancreas.PTM Acetylated mainly by p300/CBP, recruited to the complex by CPSF6. Acetylation decreases interaction with PAPAO. Deacetylated by the class I/II HDACs, HDAC1, HDAC3 and HDAC10, and by the class III HDACs, SIRT1 AND SIRT2.SIMILARITY Belongs to the Nudix hydrolase family. CPSF5 subfamily.CAUTION Lacks the conserved metal-binding residues in the NUDIX motif and does not have hydrolase activity.

UniProtO43809

EQUAL

227

EQUAL

Reactome Database ID Release 7472015Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72015ReactomeR-HSA-72015

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72015.1

Reactome DB_ID: 72006

CstF [nucleoplasm]

CstF

Cleavage Stimulation Factor

Reactome DB_ID: 72005

UniProt:Q12996 CSTF3

CSTF3

CSTF3FUNCTION One of the multiple factors required for polyadenylation and 3'-end cleavage of mammalian pre-mRNAs.SUBUNIT Homodimer. The CSTF complex is composed of CSTF1 (50 kDa subunit), CSTF2 (64 kDa subunit) and CSTF3 (77 kDa subunit). CSTF3 directly interacts with CSTF1 and CSTF2. Interacts with FIP1L1.

UniProtQ12996

EQUAL

717

EQUAL

Converted from EntitySet in Reactome

Reactome DB_ID: 8938794

CSTF2,CSTF2T [nucleoplasm]Converted from EntitySet in Reactome. Each synonym is a name of a PhysicalEntity, and each XREF points to one PhysicalEntityCSTF2T [nucleoplasm]CSTF2 [nucleoplasm]

UniProtQ9H0L4UniProtP33240

Reactome DB_ID: 72001

UniProt:Q05048 CSTF1

CSTF1

CSTF1FUNCTION One of the multiple factors required for polyadenylation and 3'-end cleavage of mammalian pre-mRNAs (PubMed:10669729). May be responsible for the interaction of CSTF with other factors to form a stable complex on the pre-mRNA (PubMed:10669729).SUBUNIT Homodimer (PubMed:10669729). The CSTF complex is composed of CSTF1 (50 kDa subunit), CSTF2 (64 kDa subunit) and CSTF3 (77 kDa subunit) (PubMed:10669729). Interacts (via repeats WD) directly with CSTF3 (PubMed:10669729). Interacts (via repeat WD6) with BARD1 (PubMed:10477523). Interacts with ERCC6 (PubMed:26030138).DOMAIN N-terminus mediates homodimerization.PTM The N-terminus is blocked.

UniProtQ05048

EQUAL

431

EQUAL

Reactome Database ID Release 7472006Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72006ReactomeR-HSA-72006

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72006.2

Reactome DB_ID: 72008

UniProt:Q86U42 PABPN1

PABPN1

PABPN1PAB2PABP2FUNCTION Involved in the 3'-end formation of mRNA precursors (pre-mRNA) by the addition of a poly(A) tail of 200-250 nt to the upstream cleavage product (By similarity). Stimulates poly(A) polymerase (PAPOLA) conferring processivity on the poly(A) tail elongation reaction and controls also the poly(A) tail length (By similarity). Increases the affinity of poly(A) polymerase for RNA (By similarity). Is also present at various stages of mRNA metabolism including nucleocytoplasmic trafficking and nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) of mRNA. Cooperates with SKIP to synergistically activate E-box-mediated transcription through MYOD1 and may regulate the expression of muscle-specific genes (PubMed:11371506). Binds to poly(A) and to poly(G) with high affinity (By similarity). May protect the poly(A) tail from degradation (By similarity). Subunit of the trimeric poly(A) tail exosome targeting (PAXT) complex, a complex that directs a subset of long and polyadenylated poly(A) RNAs for exosomal degradation. The RNA exosome is fundamental for the degradation of RNA in eukaryotic nuclei. Substrate targeting is facilitated by its cofactor MTREX, which links to RNA-binding protein adapters (PubMed:27871484).SUBUNIT May interact with SETX (PubMed:21700224). Monomer and homooligomer. Binds RNA as a monomer and oligomerizes when bound to poly(A). Interacts with PAPOLA, but only in presence of oligo(A) RNA. Interacts with transportin. Identified in a IGF2BP1-dependent mRNP granule complex containing untranslated mRNAs. Association in a ternary complex with CPSF4 and influenza A virus NS1 blocks pre-mRNAs processing, thereby preventing nuclear export of host cell mRNAs. Associates in a single complex with SKIP and MYOD1 and interacts with SKIP in differentiated myocytes. Interacts with NUDT21/CPSF5. Interacts (via RRM domain and C-terminal arginine-rich region) with ZFP36 (via hypophosphorylated form); this interaction occurs in the nucleus in a RNA-independent manner, decreases in presence of single-stranded poly(A) RNA-oligomer and in a p38-dependent-manner and may down-regulated RNA poly(A) polymerase activity (By similarity). Component of the poly(A) tail exosome targeting (PAXT) complex made of accessory factors, such as PABPN1, ZFC3H1 and MTREX (PubMed:27871484). Interacts with ZFC3H1 in a RNase-insensitive manner (PubMed:27871484).TISSUE SPECIFICITY Ubiquitous.DOMAIN The RRM domain is essential for specific adenine bases recognition in the poly(A) tail but not sufficient for poly(A) binding.PTM Arginine dimethylation is asymmetric and involves PRMT1 and PRMT3. It does not influence the RNA binding properties (By similarity).POLYMORPHISM The poly-Ala region of PABPN1 is polymorphic (6-7 repeats) in the population and is expanded to 8-13 repeats in OPMD patients. Compound heterozygotes for (GCG)9 mutation and a (GCG)7 allele result in earlier onset and more severe clinical manifestations of the disease.MISCELLANEOUS The association of the expanded polyalanine mutations together with the capability to oligomerize may induce intranuclear inclusions and cell death. Expanded polyalanine mutations may either result from unequal crossing over during germ cell homologous recombination or from DNA slippage. The pathogenic mechanisms mediated by polyalanine expansion mutations may be either a general disruption of cellular RNA metabolism due to the trapping by the inclusions of PABPN1, mRNAs and/or nuclear proteins, resulting in the induction of cell death; or may change the normal muscle cell differentiation.

UniProtQ86U42

EQUAL

306

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 72020

CF II [nucleoplasm]

CF II

Reactome DB_ID: 72019

UniProt:O94913 PCF11

PCF11

PCF11KIAA0824FUNCTION Component of pre-mRNA cleavage complex II.

UniProtO94913

EQUAL

1555

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 72017

UniProt:Q92989 CLP1

CLP1

CLP1HEABFUNCTION Polynucleotide kinase that can phosphorylate the 5'-hydroxyl groups of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), single-stranded RNA (ssRNA), double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and double-stranded DNA:RNA hybrids. dsRNA is phosphorylated more efficiently than dsDNA, and the RNA component of a DNA:RNA hybrid is phosphorylated more efficiently than the DNA component. Plays a key role in both tRNA splicing and mRNA 3'-end formation. Component of the tRNA splicing endonuclease complex: phosphorylates the 5'-terminus of the tRNA 3'-exon during tRNA splicing; this phosphorylation event is a prerequisite for the subsequent ligation of the two exon halves and the production of a mature tRNA (PubMed:24766809, PubMed:24766810). Its role in tRNA splicing and maturation is required for cerebellar development (PubMed:24766809, PubMed:24766810). Component of the pre-mRNA cleavage complex II (CF-II), which seems to be required for mRNA 3'-end formation. Also phosphorylates the 5'-terminus of exogenously introduced short interfering RNAs (siRNAs), which is a necessary prerequisite for their incorporation into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). However, endogenous siRNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs) that are produced by the cleavage of dsRNA precursors by DICER1 already contain a 5'-phosphate group, so this protein may be dispensible for normal RNA-mediated gene silencing.SUBUNIT Component of the tRNA splicing endonuclease complex, composed of CLP1, TSEN2, TSEN15, TSEN34 and TSEN54 (PubMed:24766809). Component of pre-mRNA cleavage complex II (CF-II). Also associates with numerous components of the pre-mRNA cleavage complex I (CF-I/CFIm), including NUDT21, CPSF2, CPSF3, CPSF6 and CPSF7. Interacts with CSTF2 and SYMPK.SIMILARITY Belongs to the Clp1 family. Clp1 subfamily.

UniProtQ92989

EQUAL

425

EQUAL

Reactome Database ID Release 7472020Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72020ReactomeR-HSA-72020

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72020.1

Reactome DB_ID: 71995

CPSF [nucleoplasm]

CPSF

Cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor

Reactome DB_ID: 8938784

UniProt:Q9C0J8 WDR33

WDR33

WDC146WDR33FUNCTION Essential for both cleavage and polyadenylation of pre-mRNA 3' ends.SUBUNIT Component of the cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF) module of the pre-mRNA 3'-end processing complex. Interacts with CPSF3/CPSF73.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Most highly expressed in testis.SIMILARITY Belongs to the WD repeat WDR33 family.

UniProtQ9C0J8

EQUAL

1336

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 71989

UniProt:Q10570 CPSF1

CPSF1

CPSF1CPSF160FUNCTION Component of the cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF) complex that plays a key role in pre-mRNA 3'-end formation, recognizing the AAUAAA signal sequence and interacting with poly(A) polymerase and other factors to bring about cleavage and poly(A) addition. This subunit is involved in the RNA recognition step of the polyadenylation reaction.SUBUNIT Component of the cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF) complex, composed of CPSF1, CPSF2, CPSF3, CPSF4 and FIP1L1. Found in a complex with CPSF1, FIP1L1 and PAPOLA. Interacts with FIP1L1, TENT2/GLD2 and SRRM1. Interacts with TUT1; the interaction is direct and mediates the recruitment of the CPSF complex on the 3'UTR of selected pre-mRNAs.PTM The N-terminus is blocked.SIMILARITY Belongs to the CPSF1 family.

UniProtQ10570

EQUAL

1443

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 6805150

UniProt:Q6UN15 FIP1L1

FIP1L1

FIP1L1FIP1RHEFUNCTION Component of the cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF) complex that plays a key role in pre-mRNA 3'-end formation, recognizing the AAUAAA signal sequence and interacting with poly(A) polymerase and other factors to bring about cleavage and poly(A) addition. FIP1L1 contributes to poly(A) site recognition and stimulates poly(A) addition. Binds to U-rich RNA sequence elements surrounding the poly(A) site. May act to tether poly(A) polymerase to the CPSF complex.SUBUNIT Component of the cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF) complex, composed of CPSF1, CPSF2, CPSF3, CPSF4 and FIP1L1. Found in a complex with CPSF1, FIP1L1 and PAPOLA. Interacts with CPSF1, CPSF4, CSTF2 and CSTF3 (PubMed:14749727). Interacts with AHCYL1 (when phosphorylated); the interaction is direct and associates AHCYL1 with the CPSF complex and RNA (PubMed:19224921). Interacts with NUDT21/CPSF5; this interaction occurs in a RNA sequence-specific manner (PubMed:15937220). Interacts (preferentially via unphosphorylated form and Arg/Glu/Asp-rich domain) with CPSF6 (via Arg/Ser-rich domain); this interaction mediates, at least in part, the interaction between the CFIm and CPSF complexes and may be inhibited by CPSF6 hyper-phosphorylation (PubMed:29276085). Interacts (preferentially via unphosphorylated form and Arg/Asp/Glu-rich domain) with CPSF7 (via Arg/Ser-rich domain); this interaction mediates, at least in part, the interaction between the CFIm and CPSF complexes and may be inhibited by CPSF7 hyper-phosphorylation (PubMed:29276085). Interacts with PAPOLA; the interaction seems to be increased by the interaction with AHCYL1 (By similarity).DISEASE A chromosomal aberration involving FIP1L1 is found in some cases of hypereosinophilic syndrome. Interstitial chromosomal deletion del(4)(q12q12) causes the fusion of FIP1L1 and PDGFRA (FIP1L1-PDGFRA).SIMILARITY Belongs to the FIP1 family.

UniProtQ6UN15

EQUAL

594

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 71991

UniProt:Q9P2I0 CPSF2

CPSF2

KIAA1367CPSF100CPSF2FUNCTION Component of the cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF) complex that play a key role in pre-mRNA 3'-end formation, recognizing the AAUAAA signal sequence and interacting with poly(A) polymerase and other factors to bring about cleavage and poly(A) addition. Involved in the histone 3' end pre-mRNA processing.SUBUNIT Component of the cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF) complex, composed of CPSF1, CPSF2, CPSF3, CPSF4 and FIP1L1. Interacts with CPSF3, CSTF2 and SYMPK. Interacts with ZC3H3 (By similarity).SIMILARITY Belongs to the metallo-beta-lactamase superfamily. RNA-metabolizing metallo-beta-lactamase-like family. CPSF2/YSH1 subfamily.

UniProtQ9P2I0

EQUAL

782

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 169104

UniProt:O95639 CPSF4

CPSF4

CPSF4NEB1NARCPSF30FUNCTION Component of the cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF) complex that play a key role in pre-mRNA 3'-end formation, recognizing the AAUAAA signal sequence and interacting with poly(A) polymerase and other factors to bring about cleavage and poly(A) addition. CPSF4 binds RNA polymers with a preference for poly(U).SUBUNIT Component of the cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF) complex, composed of CPSF1, CPSF2, CPSF3, CPSF4 and FIP1L1. Interacts with FIP1L1.SUBUNIT (Microbial infection) Interacts with influenza A virus NS1 blocks processing of pre-mRNAs, thereby preventing nuclear export of host cell mRNAs.SIMILARITY Belongs to the CPSF4/YTH1 family.

UniProtO95639

EQUAL

269

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 71993

UniProt:Q9UKF6 CPSF3

CPSF3

CPSF3CPSF73FUNCTION Component of the cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF) complex that play a key role in pre-mRNA 3'-end formation, recognizing the AAUAAA signal sequence and interacting with poly(A) polymerase and other factors to bring about cleavage and poly(A) addition. Has endonuclease activity, and functions as mRNA 3'-end-processing endonuclease. Also involved in the histone 3'-end pre-mRNA processing. U7 snRNP-dependent protein that induces both the 3'-endoribonucleolytic cleavage of histone pre-mRNAs and acts as a 5' to 3' exonuclease for degrading the subsequent downstream cleavage product (DCP) of mature histone mRNAs. Cleavage occurs after the 5'-ACCCA-3' sequence in the histone pre-mRNA leaving a 3'hydroxyl group on the upstream fragment containing the stem loop (SL) and 5' phosphate on the downstream cleavage product (DCP) starting with CU nucleotides. The U7-dependent 5' to 3' exonuclease activity is processive and degrades the DCP RNA substrate even after complete removal of the U7-binding site. Binds to the downstream cleavage product (DCP) of histone pre-mRNAs and the cleaved DCP RNA substrate in a U7 snRNP dependent manner. Required for the selective processing of microRNAs (miRNAs) during embryonic stem cell differentiation via its interaction with ISY1 (By similarity). Required for the biogenesis of all miRNAs from the pri-miR-17-92 primary transcript except miR-92a (By similarity). Only required for the biogenesis of miR-290 and miR-96 from the pri-miR-290-295 and pri-miR-96-183 primary transcripts, respectively (By similarity).SUBUNIT Component of the cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF) complex, composed of CPSF1, CPSF2, CPSF3, CPSF4 and FIP1L1. Interacts with CPSF2, CSTF2 and SYMPK. Interacts with TUT1; the interaction is direct and mediates the recruitment of the CPSF complex on the 3'UTR of pre-mRNAs. Interacts with WDR33. Interacts with ZC3H3 (By similarity).PTM Sumoylated on Lys-462, Lys-465 and Lys-545, preferentially by SUMO3.SIMILARITY Belongs to the metallo-beta-lactamase superfamily. RNA-metabolizing metallo-beta-lactamase-like family. CPSF3 subfamily.

UniProtQ9UKF6

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Reactome DB_ID: 4615988

UniProt:Q92797 SYMPK

SYMPK

SYMPKSPKFUNCTION Scaffold protein that functions as a component of a multimolecular complex involved in histone mRNA 3'-end processing. Specific component of the tight junction (TJ) plaque, but might not be an exclusively junctional component. May have a house-keeping rule. Is involved in pre-mRNA polyadenylation. Enhances SSU72 phosphatase activity.SUBUNIT Found in a heat-sensitive complex at least composed of several cleavage and polyadenylation specific and cleavage stimulation factors (PubMed:16230528). Interacts with CPSF2, CPSF3 and CSTF2 (PubMed:10669729, PubMed:18688255). Interacts (via N-terminus) with HSF1; this interaction is direct and occurs upon heat shock (PubMed:14707147). Interacts with SSU72 (PubMed:20861839, PubMed:23070812).TISSUE SPECIFICITY In testis, expressed in polar epithelia and Sertoli cells but not in vascular endothelia. The protein is detected in stomach, duodenum, pancreas, liver, fetal brain, carcinomas, lens-forming cells, fibroblasts, lymphocytes, lymphoma cells, erythroleukemia cells but not in endothelium of vessels, epidermis, intercalated disks, Purkinje fiber cells of the heart and lymph node.DOMAIN The HEAT repeats have been determined based on 3D-structure analysis of the D.melanogaster ortholog and are not detected by sequence-based prediction programs.MISCELLANEOUS Could be used as a differentiation marker in the differential diagnosis of tumors.SIMILARITY Belongs to the Symplekin family.

UniProtQ92797

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1274

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Reactome Database ID Release 7471995Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=71995ReactomeR-HSA-71995

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-71995.4

Reactome DB_ID: 71997

UniProt:P51003 PAPOLA

PAPOLA

PAPOLAPAPFUNCTION Polymerase that creates the 3'-poly(A) tail of mRNA's. Also required for the endoribonucleolytic cleavage reaction at some polyadenylation sites. May acquire specificity through interaction with a cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF) at its C-terminus.SUBUNIT Monomer. Found in a complex with CPSF1, FIP1L1 and PAPOLA. Interacts with AHCYL1 and FIP1L1; the interaction with AHCYL1 seems to increase interaction with FIP1L1 (PubMed:19224921). Interacts with NUDT21; the interaction is diminished by acetylation. Interacts with KPNB1; the interaction promotes PAP nuclear import and is inhibited by acetylation of PAP (By similarity).PTM Polysumoylated. Varying sumolyation depending on tissue- and cell-type. Highly sumoylated in bladder and NIH 3T3 cells. Sumoylation is required for nuclear localization and enhances PAP stability. Desumoylated by SENP1. Inhibits polymerase activity (By similarity).PTM Hyperphosphorylation on multiple CDK2 consensus and non-consensus sites in the C-terminal Ser/Thr-rich region represses PAP activity in late M-phase. Phosphorylation/dephosphorylation may regulate the interaction between PAP and CPSF (By similarity).PTM Acetylated in the C-terminus. Acetylation decreases interaction with NUDT21 and KPNB1, and inhibits nuclear localization through inhibiting binding to the importin alpha/beta complex (By similarity).SIMILARITY Belongs to the poly(A) polymerase family.

UniProtP51003

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745

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Reactome Database ID Release 7472021Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72021ReactomeR-HSA-72021

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72021.1

Reactome DB_ID: 72069

Spliceosomal B Complex [nucleoplasm]

Spliceosomal B Complex

Reactome DB_ID: 71945

UniProt:P61978 HNRNPK

HNRNPK

HNRNPKHNRPKFUNCTION One of the major pre-mRNA-binding proteins. Binds tenaciously to poly(C) sequences. Likely to play a role in the nuclear metabolism of hnRNAs, particularly for pre-mRNAs that contain cytidine-rich sequences. Can also bind poly(C) single-stranded DNA. Plays an important role in p53/TP53 response to DNA damage, acting at the level of both transcription activation and repression. When sumoylated, acts as a transcriptional coactivator of p53/TP53, playing a role in p21/CDKN1A and 14-3-3 sigma/SFN induction (By similarity). As far as transcription repression is concerned, acts by interacting with long intergenic RNA p21 (lincRNA-p21), a non-coding RNA induced by p53/TP53. This interaction is necessary for the induction of apoptosis, but not cell cycle arrest.SUBUNIT Interacts with RBM42 and ZIK1 (By similarity). Interacts with BRDT (By similarity). Identified in the spliceosome C complex (PubMed:11991638). Interacts with ANKRD28 (PubMed:16564677). Interacts with ASFV p30 protein (PubMed:18775702). Interacts with DDX1 (PubMed:12183465). Interacts with MDM2; this interaction leads to ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation (PubMed:16360036). Interacts with p53/TP53 (PubMed:16360036). Interacts with IVNS1ABP (PubMed:23825951).SUBUNIT (Microbial infection) Interacts with HCV core protein (PubMed:9651361).INDUCTION By DNA damage, including ionizing radiations and phleomycin treatment or UV irradiation. This induction requires ATM kinase activity (ionizing radiations and phleomycin) or ATR activity (UV irradiation). Up-regulation is due to protein stabilization. Constitutive protein levels are controlled by MDM2-mediated ubiquitination and degradation via the proteasome pathway.PTM Arg-296 and Arg-299 are dimethylated, probably to asymmetric dimethylarginine.PTM Sumoylated by CBX4. Sumoylation is increased upon DNA damage, such as that produced by doxorubicin, etoposide, UV light and camptothecin, due to enhanced CBX4 phosphorylation by HIPK2 under these conditions.PTM Ubiquitinated by MDM2. Doxorubicin treatment does not affect monoubiquitination, but slightly decreases HNRNPK poly-ubiquitination.PTM O-glycosylated (O-GlcNAcylated), in a cell cycle-dependent manner.

UniProtP61978

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463

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Reactome DB_ID: 5420896

PRP19-CDC5L complex [nucleoplasm]

PRP19-CDC5L complex

Reactome DB_ID: 5420895

UniProt:Q8WYA6 CTNNBL1

CTNNBL1

C20orf33PP8304CTNNBL1FUNCTION Component of the PRP19-CDC5L complex that forms an integral part of the spliceosome and is required for activating pre-mRNA splicing. Participates in AID/AICDA-mediated Ig class switching recombination (CSR). May induce apoptosis.SUBUNIT Component of the PRP19-CDC5L splicing complex composed of a core complex comprising a homotetramer of PRPF19, CDC5L, PLRG1 and BCAS2, and at least three less stably associated proteins CTNNBL1, CWC15 and HSPA8. Interacts directly with CWC15 and CDC5L in the complex. Interacts with AICDA; the interaction is important for the antibody diversification activity of AICDA. Interacts with PRPF31 (via its NLS). Interacts (via its N-terminal NLS) with KPNA1 and KPNA2.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Widely expressed with highest levels in skeletal muscle, placenta, heart, spleen, testis and thyroid.DOMAIN The surface residues of the concave side of the superhelical ARM repeat region contribute to, but are not essential for NLS binding.

UniProtQ8WYA6

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563

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Reactome DB_ID: 5420907

UniProt:Q9UMS4 PRPF19

PRPF19

SNEVPRP19PRPF19NMP200FUNCTION Ubiquitin-protein ligase which is a core component of several complexes mainly involved pre-mRNA splicing and DNA repair. Required for pre-mRNA splicing as component of the spliceosome (PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28076346, PubMed:29360106, PubMed:29301961, PubMed:30705154). Core component of the PRP19C/Prp19 complex/NTC/Nineteen complex which is part of the spliceosome and participates in its assembly, its remodeling and is required for its activity. During assembly of the spliceosome, mediates 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination of the U4 spliceosomal protein PRPF3. Ubiquitination of PRPF3 allows its recognition by the U5 component PRPF8 and stabilizes the U4/U5/U6 tri-snRNP spliceosomal complex (PubMed:20595234). Recruited to RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain (CTD) and the pre-mRNA, it may also couple the transcriptional and spliceosomal machineries (PubMed:21536736). The XAB2 complex, which contains PRPF19, is also involved in pre-mRNA splicing, transcription and transcription-coupled repair (PubMed:17981804). Beside its role in pre-mRNA splicing PRPF19, as part of the PRP19-CDC5L complex, plays a role in the DNA damage response/DDR. It is recruited to the sites of DNA damage by the RPA complex where PRPF19 directly ubiquitinates RPA1 and RPA2. 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination of the RPA complex allows the recruitment of the ATR-ATRIP complex and the activation of ATR, a master regulator of the DNA damage response (PubMed:24332808). May also play a role in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair by recruiting the repair factor SETMAR to altered DNA (PubMed:18263876). As part of the PSO4 complex may also be involved in the DNA interstrand cross-links/ICLs repair process (PubMed:16223718). In addition, may also mediate 'Lys-48'-linked polyubiquitination of substrates and play a role in proteasomal degradation (PubMed:11435423). May play a role in the biogenesis of lipid droplets (By similarity). May play a role in neural differentiation possibly through its function as part of the spliceosome (By similarity).PATHWAY Protein modification; protein ubiquitination.SUBUNIT Homotetramer. Component of activated, catalytic and post-catalytic spliceosomes (PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28076346, PubMed:29360106, PubMed:29301961, PubMed:30705154). Component of the Prp19 complex/PRP19C/Nineteen complex/NTC and related complexes described as PRP19-CDC5L splicing complex and PSO4 complex. A homotetramer of PRPF19, CDC5L, PLRG1 and BCAS2 constitute the core of those complexes. The interaction with CDC5L, PLRG1 and BCAS2 is direct within this core complex. At least three less stably associated proteins CTNNBL1, CWC15 and HSPA8 are found in the Prp19 complex. The Prp19 complex associates with the spliceosome during its assembly and remodeling recruiting additional proteins. Component of the XAB2 complex, a multimeric protein complex composed of XAB2, PRPF19, AQR, ZNF830, ISY1, and PPIE. Interacts with CWC22 and EIF4A3 in an RNA-independent manner. Interacts with RPA1 and RPA2; the PRP19-CDC5L complex is recruited to the sites of DNA repair where it interacts with the replication protein A complex (RPA). Interacts with SETMAR; required for SETMAR recruitment to site of DNA damage. Interacts with U2AF2; the interaction is direct and recruits the Prp19 complex to RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain (CTD) and the pre-mRNA. Interacts with PRPF3. Interacts with APEX1, DNTT and PSMB4. Interacts with PSMC5 (By similarity). Interacts with KNSTRN (PubMed:24718257). Interacts (via N-terminus) with CDC5L (By similarity). Interacts with KHDC4 (PubMed:19641227).TISSUE SPECIFICITY Ubiquitous. Weakly expressed in senescent cells of different tissue origins. Highly expressed in tumor cell lines.INDUCTION By gamma irradiation and chemical mutagens but not by UV irradiation.DOMAIN The 7 WD repeats are necessary and sufficient to support interaction with the RPA complex.SIMILARITY Belongs to the WD repeat PRP19 family.

UniProtQ9UMS4

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504

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Reactome DB_ID: 5420887

UniProt:Q99459 CDC5L

CDC5L

KIAA0432PCDC5RPCDC5LFUNCTION DNA-binding protein involved in cell cycle control. May act as a transcription activator. Plays role in pre-mRNA splicing as core component of precatalytic, catalytic and postcatalytic spliceosomal complexes (PubMed:11991638, PubMed:20176811, PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28076346, PubMed:29361316, PubMed:29360106, PubMed:29301961, PubMed:30728453, PubMed:30705154). Component of the PRP19-CDC5L complex that forms an integral part of the spliceosome and is required for activating pre-mRNA splicing. The PRP19-CDC5L complex may also play a role in the response to DNA damage (DDR) (PubMed:20176811).SUBUNIT Homodimer. Interacts with DAPK3 (By similarity). Component of the precatalytic, catalytic and postcatalytic spliceosome complexes (PubMed:11991638, PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28076346, PubMed:29361316, PubMed:29360106, PubMed:29301961, PubMed:30728453, PubMed:30705154). Part of a spliceosomal 'core' complex consisting of CDC5L, PLRG1, SPF27, CCAP1, CCAP3 and CCAP6. Interacts with PLRG1, Lodestar/TTF2, and NIPP1/PPP1R8. Component of the PRP19-CDC5L splicing complex composed of a core complex comprising a homotetramer of PRPF19, CDC5L, PLRG1 and BCAS2, and at least three less stably associated proteins CTNNBL1, CWC15 and HSPA8. Interacts (via its C-terminus) directly in the complex with PRPF19 and BCAS2. Interacts (via its C-terminus) directly with PRGL1 (via its WD40 repeat domain); the interaction is required for mRNA splicing but not for spliceosome assembly. Also interacts with CTNNBL1. Interacts with PRPF19 (via N-terminus) (By similarity).TISSUE SPECIFICITY Ubiquitously expressed in both fetal and adult tissues.PTM Phosphorylated on serine and threonine residues. Phosphorylation on Thr-411 and Thr-438 is required for CDC5L-mediated mRNA splicing. Has no effect on subcellular location nor on homodimerization. Phosphorylated in vitro by CDK2. Phosphorylation enhances interaction with PPP1R8.DISEASE A chromosomal aberration involving CDC5L is found in multicystic renal dysplasia. Translocation t(6;19)(p21;q13.1) with USF2.SIMILARITY Belongs to the CEF1 family.

UniProtQ99459

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Reactome DB_ID: 5420902

UniProt:O75934 BCAS2

BCAS2

BCAS2DAM1FUNCTION Required for pre-mRNA splicing as component of the activated spliceosome (PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28076346, PubMed:29360106, PubMed:29301961, PubMed:30705154). Component of the PRP19-CDC5L complex that forms an integral part of the spliceosome and is required for activating pre-mRNA splicing. May have a scaffolding role in the spliceosome assembly as it contacts all other components of the core complex. The PRP19-CDC5L complex may also play a role in the response to DNA damage (DDR).SUBUNIT Component of the pre-catalytic and catalytic spliceosome complexes (PubMed:9731529, PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28076346, PubMed:29360106, PubMed:29301961). Component of the postcatalytic spliceosome P complex (PubMed:30705154). Component of the PRP19-CDC5L splicing complex composed of a core complex comprising a homotetramer of PRPF19, CDC5L, PLRG1 and BCAS2, and at least three less stably associated proteins CTNNBL1, CWC15 and HSPA8. Interacts directly in the complex with PRPF19, CDC5L and PLRG1 (PubMed:20176811).TISSUE SPECIFICITY Ubiquitously expressed.SIMILARITY Belongs to the SPF27 family.

UniProtO75934

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Reactome DB_ID: 8867887

UniProt:Q9Y2W2 WBP11

WBP11

NPWBPSNP70WBP11SIPP1FUNCTION Activates pre-mRNA splicing. May inhibit PP1 phosphatase activity.SUBUNIT Interacts with PPP1CA, PPP1CB and PPP1CC (By similarity). Interacts via the PGR motif with PQBP1 in the nucleus. Interacts with the WW domains of WBP4.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Ubiquitous. Highly expressed in the heart, pancreas, kidney skeletal muscle, placenta and brain (at protein level). Weakly expressed in liver and lung.

UniProtQ9Y2W2

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641

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Reactome DB_ID: 5420890

UniProt:O43660 PLRG1

PLRG1

PLRG1FUNCTION Involved in pre-mRNA splicing as component of the spliceosome (PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28076346). Component of the PRP19-CDC5L complex that forms an integral part of the spliceosome and is required for activating pre-mRNA splicing (PubMed:11101529, PubMed:11544257).SUBUNIT Identified in the spliceosome C complex (PubMed:12176931, PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28076346). Component of the PRP19-CDC5L splicing complex composed of a core complex comprising a homotetramer of PRPF19, CDC5L, PLRG1 and BCAS2, and at least three less stably associated proteins CTNNBL1, CWC15 and HSPA8 (PubMed:11101529, PubMed:20176811). Interacts (via its WD40 repeat domain) directly with CDC5L (via its C-terminal); the interaction is required for mRNA splicing but not for spliceosome assembly (PubMed:11544257). Also interacts directly in the complex with BCAS2 and PRPF19 (PubMed:20176811).SIMILARITY Belongs to the WD repeat PRL1/PRL2 family.

UniProtO43660

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514

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Reactome DB_ID: 5420897

UniProt:Q9P013 CWC15

CWC15

C11orf5AD-002CWC15HSPC148FUNCTION Involved in pre-mRNA splicing as component of the spliceosome (PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28076346). Component of the PRP19-CDC5L complex that forms an integral part of the spliceosome and is required for activating pre-mRNA splicing.SUBUNIT Identified in the spliceosome C complex (PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28076346). Component of the PRP19-CDC5L splicing complex composed of a core complex comprising a homotetramer of PRPF19, CDC5L, PLRG1 and BCAS2, and at least three less stably associated proteins CTNNBL1, CWC15 and HSPA8 (PubMed:20176811). Interacts directly with CTNNBL1 in the complex (PubMed:20176811).SIMILARITY Belongs to the CWC15 family.CAUTION Has been termed C11orf5, but is not the official C11orf5 as defined by HGNC.

UniProtQ9P013

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Reactome DB_ID: 8867889

UniProt:O60828 PQBP1

PQBP1

JM26NPW38PQBP1FUNCTION Intrinsically disordered protein that acts as a scaffold, and which is involved in different processes, such as pre-mRNA splicing, transcription regulation, innate immunity and neuron development (PubMed:10198427, PubMed:10332029, PubMed:12062018, PubMed:20410308, PubMed:23512658). Interacts with splicing-related factors via the intrinsically disordered region and regulates alternative splicing of target pre-mRNA species (PubMed:10332029, PubMed:12062018, PubMed:23512658, PubMed:20410308). May suppress the ability of POU3F2 to transactivate the DRD1 gene in a POU3F2 dependent manner. Can activate transcription directly or via association with the transcription machinery (PubMed:10198427). May be involved in ATXN1 mutant-induced cell death (PubMed:12062018). The interaction with ATXN1 mutant reduces levels of phosphorylated RNA polymerase II large subunit (PubMed:12062018). Involved in the assembly of cytoplasmic stress granule, possibly by participating in the transport of neuronal RNA granules (PubMed:21933836). Also acts as an innate immune sensor of infection by retroviruses, such as HIV, by detecting the presence of reverse-transcribed DNA in the cytosol (PubMed:26046437). Directly binds retroviral reverse-transcribed DNA in the cytosol and interacts with CGAS, leading to activate the cGAS-STING signaling pathway, triggering type-I interferon production (PubMed:26046437).SUBUNIT Interacts with POU3F2/Brn-2, ATXN1, TXNL4A, HTT and AR (PubMed:10332029, PubMed:10873650, PubMed:19303059, PubMed:24781215). Interaction with ATXN1 correlates positively with the length of the polyglutamine tract (PubMed:12062018). Interacts with RNA polymerase II large subunit in a phosphorylation-dependent manner (PubMed:12062018). Forms a ternary complex with ATXN1 mutant and phosphorylated RNA polymerase II (PubMed:12062018). Interacts (via C-terminus) with TXNL4A and CD2BP2 (PubMed:10873650, PubMed:19303059, PubMed:24781215). Interacts (via WW domain) with ATN1 and SF3B1, and may interact with additional splice factors (PubMed:23512658, PubMed:20410308). Interacts (via WW domain) with WBP11; Leading to reduce interaction between PQBP1 and TXNL4A (PubMed:23512658, PubMed:20410308, PubMed:27314904). Interacts with CAPRIN1 (PubMed:21933836). Interacts with DDX1 (PubMed:21933836). Interacts with SFPQ (PubMed:21933836). Interacts with KHSRP (PubMed:21933836).TISSUE SPECIFICITY Widely expressed with high level in heart, skeletal muscle, pancreas, spleen, thymus, prostate, ovary, small intestine and peripheral blood leukocytes.DOMAIN The WW domain may play a role as a transcriptional activator directly or via association with the transcription machinery. The WW domain mediates interaction with WBP11, ATN1, SF3B1 and the C-terminal domain of the RNA polymerase II large subunit.DOMAIN Except for the WW domain, the protein is intrinsically disordered.

UniProtO60828

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Reactome DB_ID: 5082380

UniProt:P11142 HSPA8

HSPA8

HSPA8HSPA10HSC70HSP73FUNCTION Molecular chaperone implicated in a wide variety of cellular processes, including protection of the proteome from stress, folding and transport of newly synthesized polypeptides, activation of proteolysis of misfolded proteins and the formation and dissociation of protein complexes. Plays a pivotal role in the protein quality control system, ensuring the correct folding of proteins, the re-folding of misfolded proteins and controlling the targeting of proteins for subsequent degradation (PubMed:21150129, PubMed:21148293, PubMed:24732912, PubMed:27916661, PubMed:23018488). This is achieved through cycles of ATP binding, ATP hydrolysis and ADP release, mediated by co-chaperones (PubMed:21150129, PubMed:21148293, PubMed:24732912, PubMed:27916661, PubMed:23018488). The co-chaperones have been shown to not only regulate different steps of the ATPase cycle of HSP70, but they also have an individual specificity such that one co-chaperone may promote folding of a substrate while another may promote degradation (PubMed:21150129, PubMed:21148293, PubMed:24732912, PubMed:27916661, PubMed:23018488). The affinity of HSP70 for polypeptides is regulated by its nucleotide bound state. In the ATP-bound form, it has a low affinity for substrate proteins. However, upon hydrolysis of the ATP to ADP, it undergoes a conformational change that increases its affinity for substrate proteins. HSP70 goes through repeated cycles of ATP hydrolysis and nucleotide exchange, which permits cycles of substrate binding and release. The HSP70-associated co-chaperones are of three types: J-domain co-chaperones HSP40s (stimulate ATPase hydrolysis by HSP70), the nucleotide exchange factors (NEF) such as BAG1/2/3 (facilitate conversion of HSP70 from the ADP-bound to the ATP-bound state thereby promoting substrate release), and the TPR domain chaperones such as HOPX and STUB1 (PubMed:24318877, PubMed:27474739, PubMed:24121476, PubMed:26865365). Acts as a repressor of transcriptional activation. Inhibits the transcriptional coactivator activity of CITED1 on Smad-mediated transcription. Component of the PRP19-CDC5L complex that forms an integral part of the spliceosome and is required for activating pre-mRNA splicing. May have a scaffolding role in the spliceosome assembly as it contacts all other components of the core complex. Binds bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and mediates LPS-induced inflammatory response, including TNF secretion by monocytes (PubMed:10722728, PubMed:11276205). Participates in the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) quality control pathway in conjunction with J domain-containing co-chaperones and the E3 ligase STUB1 (PubMed:23990462). Interacts with VGF-derived peptide TLQP-21 (PubMed:28934328).SUBUNIT Identified in a IGF2BP1-dependent mRNP granule complex containing untranslated mRNAs. Interacts with PACRG. Interacts with HSPH1/HSP105. Interacts with IRAK1BP1 and BAG1. Interacts with DNAJC7. Interacts with DNAJB12 (via J domain) (PubMed:21150129, PubMed:21148293, PubMed:24732912, PubMed:27916661). Interacts with DNAJB14 (via J domain) (PubMed:23018488, PubMed:24732912, PubMed:27916661). Interacts (via C-terminus) with the E3 ligase CHIP forming a 210 kDa complex of one CHIP and two HSPA8 molecules. Interacts with CITED1 (via N-terminus); the interaction suppresses the association of CITED1 to p300/CBP and Smad-mediated transcription transactivation. Component of the PRP19-CDC5L splicing complex composed of a core complex comprising a homotetramer of PRPF19, CDC5L, PLRG1 and BCAS2, and at least three less stably associated proteins CTNNBL1, CWC15 and HSPA8. Interacts with TRIM5. Part of a complex composed at least of ASCL2, EMSY, HCFC1, HSPA8, CCAR2, MATR3, MKI67, RBBP5, TUBB2A, WDR5 and ZNF335; this complex may have a histone H3-specific methyltransferase activity. Interacts with METTL21A. Following LPS binding, may form a complex with CXCR4, GDF5 and HSP90AA1. Interacts with PRKN. Interacts with FOXP3. Interacts with DNAJC9 (via J domain) (PubMed:17182002). Interacts with MLLT11 (PubMed:24880125). Interacts with RNF207 (PubMed:25281747). Interacts with DNAJC21 (PubMed:27346687). Interacts with DNAJB2 (PubMed:15936278). Interacts with TTC1 (via TPR repeats) (PubMed:15708368). Interacts with SGTA (via TPR repeats) (By similarity). Interacts with HSF1 (via transactivation domain) (PubMed:9499401). Interacts with HOPX, HSP40 and HSP90 (PubMed:27708256). Interacts with STUB1 (PubMed:27708256). Interacts with BAG2 (PubMed:24318877). Interacts with BAG3 (PubMed:27474739, PubMed:24318877). Interacts with DNAJC12 (PubMed:24122553). Interacts with ZMYND10 (PubMed:29601588). Interacts with HSPC138 (PubMed:25760597). Interacts with BCL2L1, GIMAP5 and MCL1; the interaction with BCL2L1 or MCL1 is impaired in the absence of GIMAP5 (By similarity). Interacts with NLPR12 (PubMed:17947705). Interacts with TTC4 (PubMed:18320024).SUBUNIT (Microbial infection) Interacts with SV40 VP1.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Ubiquitous.INDUCTION Constitutively synthesized.DOMAIN The N-terminal nucleotide binding domain (NBD) (also known as the ATPase domain) is responsible for binding and hydrolyzing ATP. The C-terminal substrate-binding domain (SBD) (also known as peptide-binding domain) binds to the client/substrate proteins. The two domains are allosterically coupled so that, when ATP is bound to the NBD, the SBD binds relatively weakly to clients. When ADP is bound in the NBD, a conformational change enhances the affinity of the SBD for client proteins.PTM Acetylated.PTM ISGylated.PTM Trimethylation at Lys-561 reduces fibrillar SNCA binding.SIMILARITY Belongs to the heat shock protein 70 family.

UniProtP11142

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646

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Reactome Database ID Release 745420896Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5420896ReactomeR-HSA-5420896

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5420896.2

Reactome DB_ID: 72054

UniProt:O95400 CD2BP2

CD2BP2

CD2BP2KIAA1178FUNCTION Involved in pre-mRNA splicing as component of the U5 snRNP complex that is involved in spliceosome assembly.SUBUNIT Component of the U5 snRNP complex composed of the U5 snRNA and at least PRPF6, PRPF8, SNRNP200, EFTUD2, SNRNP40, DDX23, TXNL4A and CD2BP2. Interacts directly with TXNL4A and PRPF6. Interacts (via GYF domain) with CD2 (via Pro-rich sequence in the cytoplasmic domain). Interacts with PQBP1.

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Reactome DB_ID: 72037

UniProt:Q13242 SRSF9

SRSF9

SFRS9SRSF9SRP30CFUNCTION Plays a role in constitutive splicing and can modulate the selection of alternative splice sites. Represses the splicing of MAPT/Tau exon 10.SUBUNIT Interacts with KHDRBS3 (By similarity). Interacts with HABP4 (PubMed:19523114). Interacts with NOL3/ARC/NOP30 (PubMed:10196175). Interacts with NSEP1/YB-1/YB1 (PubMed:12604611). Interacts with SAFB/SAFB1 (PubMed:9671816, PubMed:11694584). Interacts with SRSF6/SFRS6 (PubMed:15695522). Interacts with TRA2B/SFRS10 (PubMed:11875052, PubMed:15695522). Interacts with C1QBP (PubMed:10022843). May also interact with DUSP11/PIR1(PubMed:11694584).TISSUE SPECIFICITY Expressed at high levels in the heart, kidney, pancreas and placenta, and at lower levels in the brain, liver, lung and skeletal muscle.PTM Extensively phosphorylated on serine residues in the RS domain.SIMILARITY Belongs to the splicing factor SR family.

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Reactome DB_ID: 67411

UniProt:Q9HCS7 XAB2

XAB2

XAB2SYF1PP3898KIAA1177HCNPFUNCTION Involved in pre-mRNA splicing as component of the spliceosome (PubMed:11991638, PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28076346). Involved in transcription-coupled repair (TCR), transcription and pre-mRNA splicing (PubMed:10944529, PubMed:17981804).SUBUNIT Associates with RNA polymerase II, the TCR-specific proteins CKN1/CSA and ERCC6/CSB, and XPA (PubMed:10944529). Identified in the spliceosome C complex (PubMed:11991638, PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28076346). Component of the XAB2 complex, a multimeric protein complex composed of XAB2, PRPF19, AQR, ZNF830, ISY1, and PPIE (PubMed:17981804). Identified in a pentameric intron-binding (IB) complex composed of AQR, XAB2, ISY1, ZNF830 and PPIE that is incorporated into the spliceosome as a preassembled complex (PubMed:25599396). The IB complex does not contain PRPF19 (PubMed:25599396).SIMILARITY Belongs to the crooked-neck family.

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Converted from EntitySet in Reactome

Reactome DB_ID: 8952109

PPIL [nucleoplasm]Converted from EntitySet in Reactome. Each synonym is a name of a PhysicalEntity, and each XREF points to one PhysicalEntityPPIL1 [nucleoplasm]

UniProtQ9Y3C6

Reactome DB_ID: 72106

UniProt:Q9BUJ2 HNRNPUL1

HNRNPUL1

HNRNPUL1HNRPUL1E1BAP5FUNCTION Acts as a basic transcriptional regulator. Represses basic transcription driven by several virus and cellular promoters. When associated with BRD7, activates transcription of glucocorticoid-responsive promoter in the absence of ligand-stimulation. Plays also a role in mRNA processing and transport. Binds avidly to poly(G) and poly(C) RNA homopolymers in vitro.SUBUNIT Interacts with the adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) E1B-55 kDa, BRD7, PRMT2, TP53 and NXF1. Associates with histones and BRD7.DOMAIN The RGG-box domain is methylated.PTM Methylated.MISCELLANEOUS Its methylation is enhanced in the late phase of adenoviral infection.

UniProtQ9BUJ2

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Reactome DB_ID: 6781963

UniProt:Q9ULR0 ISY1

ISY1

ISY1KIAA1160FUNCTION Component of the spliceosome C complex required for the selective processing of microRNAs during embryonic stem cell differentiation (By similarity). Required for the biogenesis of all miRNAs from the pri-miR-17-92 primary transcript except miR-92a (By similarity). Only required for the biogenesis of miR-290 and miR-96 from the pri-miR-290-295 and pri-miR-96-183 primary transcripts, respectively (By similarity). Required during the transition of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) from the naive to primed state (By similarity). By enhancing miRNA biogenesis, promotes exit of ESCs from the naive state to an intermediate state of poised pluripotency, which precedes transition to the primed state (By similarity). Involved in pre-mRNA splicing as component of the spliceosome.SUBUNIT Identified in the spliceosome C complex (PubMed:11991638, PubMed:29301961). Component of the XAB2 complex, a multimeric protein complex composed of XAB2, PRPF19, AQR, ZNF830, ISY1, and PPIE (PubMed:17981804). Identified in a pentameric intron-binding (IB) complex composed of AQR, XAB2, ISY1, ZNF830 and PPIE that is incorporated into the spliceosome as a preassembled complex (PubMed:25599396). The IB complex does not contain PRPF19 (PubMed:25599396). Interacts with CPSF3; this interaction is in an RNA independent manner (By similarity). Interacts with the microprocessor complex subunits DGCR8 and DROSHA; this interaction is in an RNA dependent manner (By similarity).SIMILARITY Belongs to the ISY1 family.

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Reactome DB_ID: 71943

UniProt:P55795 HNRNPH2

HNRNPH2

FTP3HNRPH2HNRNPH2FUNCTION This protein is a component of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) complexes which provide the substrate for the processing events that pre-mRNAs undergo before becoming functional, translatable mRNAs in the cytoplasm. Binds poly(RG).SUBUNIT Interacts with TXNL4/DIM1.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Expressed ubiquitously.

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Reactome DB_ID: 72033

UniProt:Q01130 SRSF2

SRSF2

SRSF2SFRS2FUNCTION Necessary for the splicing of pre-mRNA. It is required for formation of the earliest ATP-dependent splicing complex and interacts with spliceosomal components bound to both the 5'- and 3'-splice sites during spliceosome assembly. It also is required for ATP-dependent interactions of both U1 and U2 snRNPs with pre-mRNA. Interacts with other spliceosomal components, via the RS domains, to form a bridge between the 5'- and 3'-splice site binding components, U1 snRNP and U2AF. Binds to purine-rich RNA sequences, either 5'-AGSAGAGTA-3' (S=C or G) or 5'-GTTCGAGTA-3'. Can bind to beta-globin mRNA and commit it to the splicing pathway. The phosphorylated form (by SRPK2) is required for cellular apoptosis in response to cisplatin treatment.SUBUNIT Interacts with BRDT (By similarity). In vitro, self-associates and binds SRSF1/SFRS1 (ASF/SF2), SNRNP70 and U2AF1 but not U2AF2. Binds SREK1/SFRS12. Interacts with CCNL1 and CCNL2. Interacts with SCAF11. Interacts with ZRSR2/U2AF1-RS2. Interacts with CCDC55 (via C-terminus).INDUCTION Accumulates in a hypoacetylated/phosphorylated form in response to cisplatin treatment.PTM Extensively phosphorylated on serine residues in the RS domain. Phosphorylated by SRPK2 and this causes its redistribution from the nuclear speckle to nucleoplasm and controls cell fate decision in response to cisplatin treatment. KAT5/TIP60 inhibits its phosphorylation by preventing SRPK2 nuclear translocation.PTM Acetylation on Lys-52 by KAT5/TIP60 promotes its proteasomal degradation. This effect is counterbalanced by HDAC6, which positively controls SRSF2 protein level by deacetylating it and preventing its proteasomal degradation.SIMILARITY Belongs to the splicing factor SR family.

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Reactome DB_ID: 71933

UniProt:P07910 HNRNPC

HNRNPC

HNRPCHNRNPCFUNCTION Binds pre-mRNA and nucleates the assembly of 40S hnRNP particles (PubMed:8264621). Interacts with poly-U tracts in the 3'-UTR or 5'-UTR of mRNA and modulates the stability and the level of translation of bound mRNA molecules (PubMed:12509468, PubMed:16010978, PubMed:7567451, PubMed:8264621). Single HNRNPC tetramers bind 230-240 nucleotides. Trimers of HNRNPC tetramers bind 700 nucleotides (PubMed:8264621). May play a role in the early steps of spliceosome assembly and pre-mRNA splicing. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) has been shown to alter the local structure in mRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) via a mechanism named 'm(6)A-switch', facilitating binding of HNRNPC, leading to regulation of mRNA splicing (PubMed:25719671).SUBUNIT Tetramer composed of 3 copies of isoform C1 and 1 copy of isoform C2. Assembly of 3 tetramers with bound pre-mRNA gives rise to a 19S complex that interacts with HNRNPA2B1 tetramers. Component of the 40S hnRNP particle. Identified in the spliceosome C complex. Interacts with IGF2BP1. Interacts with DHX9; this interaction is direct, enhanced probably by their concomitant binding to RNA and mediates the attachment to actin filaments (PubMed:11687588).PTM Phosphorylated on Ser-260 and Ser-299 in resting cells. Phosphorylated on Ser-253 and on 1 serine residue in the poly-Ser stretch at position 238 in response to hydrogen peroxide.PTM Sumoylated. Sumoylation reduces affinity for mRNA.SIMILARITY Belongs to the RRM HNRPC family. RALY subfamily.

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Reactome DB_ID: 8850864

UniProt:Q12926 ELAVL2

ELAVL2

HUBELAVL2FUNCTION RNA-binding protein that binds to the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of target mRNAs (By similarity). Seems to recognize a GAAA motif (By similarity). Can bind to its own 3'UTR, the FOS 3'UTR and the ID 3'UTR (By similarity).SUBUNIT Interacts with IGF2BP1 (PubMed:17289661). Interacts with MAP1B light chain LC1 (By similarity).TISSUE SPECIFICITY Brain; neural-specific.SIMILARITY Belongs to the RRM elav family.

UniProtQ12926

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Reactome DB_ID: 71980

U2 snRNP [nucleoplasm]

U2 snRNP

Reactome DB_ID: 71976

SF3B [nucleoplasm]

SF3B

Splicing Factor 3B

Reactome DB_ID: 71968

UniProt:O75533 SF3B1

SF3B1

SAP155SF3B1FUNCTION Involved in pre-mRNA splicing as a component of the splicing factor SF3B complex (PubMed:27720643). SF3B complex is required for 'A' complex assembly formed by the stable binding of U2 snRNP to the branchpoint sequence (BPS) in pre-mRNA. Sequence independent binding of SF3A/SF3B complex upstream of the branch site is essential, it may anchor U2 snRNP to the pre-mRNA (PubMed:12234937). Together with other U2 snRNP complex components may also play a role in the selective processing of microRNAs (miRNAs) from the long primary miRNA transcript, pri-miR-17-92 (By similarity). May also be involved in the assembly of the 'E' complex (PubMed:10882114). Belongs also to the minor U12-dependent spliceosome, which is involved in the splicing of rare class of nuclear pre-mRNA intron (PubMed:15146077).SUBUNIT Component of the B-WICH complex, at least composed of SMARCA5/SNF2H, BAZ1B/WSTF, SF3B1, DEK, MYO1C, ERCC6, MYBBP1A and DDX21 (PubMed:16603771). Identified in the spliceosome C complex (PubMed:11991638). Component of the U11/U12 snRNPs that are part of the U12-type spliceosome (PubMed:15146077). Component of splicing factor SF3B complex which is composed of at least eight subunits; SF3B1, SF3B2, SF3B3, SF3B4, SF3B5, SF3B6, PHF5A and DDX42 (PubMed:12234937, PubMed:12738865, PubMed:28541300, PubMed:27720643). SF3B associates with the splicing factor SF3A and a 12S RNA unit to form the U2 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins complex (U2 snRNP). Interacts directly with the splicing factor U2AF (PubMed:12234937). Within the SF3B complex interacts directly (via HEAT domain) with SF3B3, SF3B5 and (via HEAT domain) with PHF5A (PubMed:27720643). Interacts directly with SF3B6 (PubMed:16432215, Ref.36, PubMed:21062891). The SF3B complex composed of SF3B1, SF3B2, SF3B3, SF3B4, SF3B5, SF3B6 and PHF5A interacts with U2AF2 (PubMed:27720643). Phosphorylated form interacts with PPP1R8 (PubMed:12105215). Interacts with PQBP1 (PubMed:23512658). Interacts with RBM17 (PubMed:17589525). Interacts with RBM39 (PubMed:24795046). Interacts with SETX (PubMed:21700224). Interacts with RBM15 (PubMed:26575292).PTM Phosphorylated. Phosphorylation occurs concomitantly with the splicing catalytic steps. Phosphorylation on Thr-244, Thr-248 and Thr-313 by cyclin-dependent kinases promotes interaction with PPP1R8 during mitosis.PTM Citrullinated by PADI4.SIMILARITY Belongs to the SF3B1 family.

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1304

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Reactome DB_ID: 71971

UniProt:Q13435 SF3B2

SF3B2

SF3B2SAP145FUNCTION Involved in pre-mRNA splicing as a component of the splicing factor SF3B complex (PubMed:27720643). SF3B complex is required for 'A' complex assembly formed by the stable binding of U2 snRNP to the branchpoint sequence (BPS) in pre-mRNA. Sequence independent binding of SF3A/SF3B complex upstream of the branch site is essential, it may anchor U2 snRNP to the pre-mRNA (PubMed:12234937). May also be involved in the assembly of the 'E' complex (PubMed:10882114). Belongs also to the minor U12-dependent spliceosome, which is involved in the splicing of rare class of nuclear pre-mRNA intron (PubMed:15146077).SUBUNIT Identified in the spliceosome C complex (PubMed:11991638). Component of the U11/U12 snRNPs that are part of the U12-type spliceosome (PubMed:15146077). Component of splicing factor SF3B which is composed of at least eight subunits; SF3B1, SF3B2, SF3B3, SF3B4, SF3B5, SF3B6, PHF5A and DDX42 (PubMed:12234937, PubMed:12738865, PubMed:27720643, PubMed:28541300). SF3B associates with the splicing factor SF3A and a 12S RNA unit to form the U2 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins complex (U2 snRNP) (PubMed:12234937). Interacts directly with SF3B4 (PubMed:25737013). The SF3B complex composed of SF3B1, SF3B2, SF3B3, SF3B4, SF3B5, SF3B6 and PHF5A interacts with U2AF2 (PubMed:27720643). Found in a complex with PRMT9, SF3B2 and SF3B4 (PubMed:25737013). Interacts (Arg-508-methylated form) with SMN1 (via Tudor domain) (PubMed:25737013). Interacts with RBM7 (PubMed:27905398). Interacts with ERCC6 (PubMed:26030138).SUBUNIT (Microbial infection) Interacts with HIV-1 Vpr.PTM Methylation at Arg-508 by PRMT9 is required for the interaction with SMN1.

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895

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Reactome DB_ID: 71975

UniProt:Q15427 SF3B4

SF3B4

SF3B4SAP49FUNCTION Involved in pre-mRNA splicing as a component of the splicing factor SF3B complex (PubMed:27720643). SF3B complex is required for 'A' complex assembly formed by the stable binding of U2 snRNP to the branchpoint sequence (BPS) in pre-mRNA. Sequence independent binding of SF3A/SF3B complex upstream of the branch site is essential, it may anchor U2 snRNP to the pre-mRNA (PubMed:12234937). May also be involved in the assembly of the 'E' complex. SF3B4 has been found in complex 'B' and 'C' as well (PubMed:10882114). Belongs also to the minor U12-dependent spliceosome, which is involved in the splicing of rare class of nuclear pre-mRNA intron (PubMed:15146077).SUBUNIT Component of splicing factor SF3B complex which is composed of at least eight subunits; SF3B1, SF3B2, SF3B3, SF3B4, SF3B5, SF3B6, PHF5A and DDX42 (PubMed:12234937, PubMed:12738865, PubMed:27720643, PubMed:28541300). SF3B associates with the splicing factor SF3A and a 12S RNA unit to form the U2 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins complex (U2 snRNP) (PubMed:12234937). Interacts directly with SF3B2. Found in a complex with PRMT9, SF3B2 and SF3B4 (PubMed:25737013). The SF3B complex composed of SF3B1, SF3B2, SF3B3, SF3B4, SF3B5, SF3B6 and PHF5A interacts with U2AF2 (PubMed:27720643). Component of the U11/U12 snRNPs that are part of the U12-type spliceosome (PubMed:15146077).SIMILARITY Belongs to the SF3B4 family.

UniProtQ15427

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Reactome DB_ID: 8867894

UniProt:Q86XP3 DDX42

DDX42

DDX42FUNCTION ATP-dependent RNA helicase. Binds to partially double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) in order to unwind RNA secondary structures. Unwinding is promoted in the presence of single-strand binding proteins. Mediates also RNA duplex formation thereby displacing the single-strand RNA binding protein. ATP and ADP modulate its activity: ATP binding and hydrolysis by DDX42 triggers RNA strand separation, whereas the ADP-bound form of the protein triggers annealing of complementary RNA strands. Involved in the survival of cells by interacting with TP53BP2 and thereby counteracting the apoptosis-stimulating activity of TP53BP2. Relocalizes TP53BP2 to the cytoplasm.SUBUNIT Component of splicing factor SF3B complex which is composed of at least eight subunits; SF3B1, SF3B2, SF3B3, SF3B4, SF3B5, SF3B6, PHF5A/SF3B14B, and DDX42/SF3B125. Interacts (via the C-terminus) with TP53BP2; the interaction is not inhibitied by TP53BP2 ubiquitination and is independent of p53/TP53.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Expressed in several cell lines (at protein level). Expressed in liver, lung, tonsil, thymus, muscle and pancreatic islets.SIMILARITY Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DDX42 subfamily.

UniProtQ86XP3

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938

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Reactome DB_ID: 71979

UniProt:Q9BWJ5 SF3B5

SF3B5

SF3B5SF3B10FUNCTION Involved in pre-mRNA splicing as a component of the splicing factor SF3B complex, a constituent of the spliceosome (PubMed:27720643, PubMed:28781166). SF3B complex is required for 'A' complex assembly formed by the stable binding of U2 snRNP to the branchpoint sequence (BPS) in pre-mRNA. Sequence independent binding of SF3A/SF3B complex upstream of the branch site is essential, it may anchor U2 snRNP to the pre-mRNA (PubMed:12234937).SUBUNIT Component of the spliceosome B complex (PubMed:28781166). Component of splicing factor SF3B complex which is composed of at least eight subunits; SF3B1, SF3B2, SF3B3, SF3B4, SF3B5, SF3B6, PHF5A and DDX42 (PubMed:12234937, PubMed:12738865, PubMed:28541300, PubMed:27720643). SF3B associates with the splicing factor SF3A and a 12S RNA unit to form the U2 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins complex (U2 snRNP) (PubMed:12234937). Within the SF3B complex interacts directly with SF3B1 (via HEAT domain) and SF3B3 (PubMed:27720643). The SF3B complex composed of SF3B1, SF3B2, SF3B3, SF3B4, SF3B5, SF3B6 and PHF5A interacts with U2AF2 (PubMed:27720643). Component of the U11/U12 snRNPs that are part of the U12-type spliceosome (PubMed:15146077).SIMILARITY Belongs to the SF3B5 family.

UniProtQ9BWJ5

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Reactome DB_ID: 71973

UniProt:Q15393 SF3B3

SF3B3

KIAA0017SF3B3SAP130FUNCTION Involved in pre-mRNA splicing as a component of the splicing factor SF3B complex, a constituent of the spliceosome (PubMed:10490618, PubMed:10882114, PubMed:27720643, PubMed:28781166). SF3B complex is required for 'A' complex assembly formed by the stable binding of U2 snRNP to the branchpoint sequence (BPS) in pre-mRNA. Sequence independent binding of SF3A/SF3B complex upstream of the branch site is essential, it may anchor U2 snRNP to the pre-mRNA (PubMed:12234937). May also be involved in the assembly of the 'E' complex (PubMed:10882114). Belongs also to the minor U12-dependent spliceosome, which is involved in the splicing of rare class of nuclear pre-mRNA intron (PubMed:15146077).SUBUNIT Identified in the spliceosome A complex; remains associated with the spliceosome throughout the splicing process (PubMed:10490618). Component of the spliceosome B complex (PubMed:28781166). Identified in the spliceosome C complex (PubMed:11991638). Identified in the spliceosome E complex (PubMed:10882114). Component of the U11/U12 snRNPs that are part of the U12-type spliceosome (PubMed:15146077). Component of splicing factor SF3B complex which is composed of at least eight subunits; SF3B1, SF3B2, SF3B3, SF3B4, SF3B5, SF3B6, PHF5A and DDX42 (PubMed:12234937, PubMed:12738865, PubMed:28541300, PubMed:27720643). SF3B associates with the splicing factor SF3A and a 12S RNA unit to form the U2 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins complex (U2 snRNP). Interaction between SF3B3 and SF3B1 is tighter than the interaction between SF3B3 and SF3B2 (PubMed:12234937). Within the SF3B complex interacts directly with SF3B1 (via HEAT domain), SF3B5 and PHF5A (PubMed:27720643). The SF3B complex composed of SF3B1, SF3B2, SF3B3, SF3B4, SF3B5, SF3B6 and PHF5A interacts with U2AF2 (PubMed:27720643). Associates with the STAGA transcription coactivator-HAT complex. Interacts with SUPT3H (PubMed:11564863). Interacts with TAF3 (PubMed:11438666).DOMAIN The core of the protein consists of three beta-propeller domains.SIMILARITY Belongs to the RSE1 family.

UniProtQ15393

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1217

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Reactome DB_ID: 83808

UniProt:Q9Y3B4 SF3B6

SF3B6

SF3B14SAP14SF3B6HT006HSPC175SF3B14ACGI-110FUNCTION Involved in pre-mRNA splicing as a component of the splicing factor SF3B complex (PubMed:27720643). SF3B complex is required for 'A' complex assembly formed by the stable binding of U2 snRNP to the branchpoint sequence (BPS) in pre-mRNA (PubMed:12234937). Directly contacts the pre-mRNA branch site adenosine for the first catalytic step of splicing (PubMed:16432215). Enters the spliceosome and associates with the pre-mRNA branch site as part of the 17S U2 or, in the case of the minor spliceosome, as part of the 18S U11/U12 snRNP complex, and thus may facilitate the interaction of these snRNP with the branch sites of U2 and U12 respectively (PubMed:16432215).SUBUNIT Component of splicing factor SF3B complex which is composed of at least eight subunits; SF3B1, SF3B2, SF3B3, SF3B4, SF3B5, SF3B6, PHF5A and DDX42 (PubMed:12234937, PubMed:12738865, PubMed:16432215, PubMed:27720643, PubMed:28541300). Within the SF3B complex interacts directly with SF3B1 (PubMed:21062891, PubMed:16432215, Ref.20). The SF3B complex composed of SF3B1, SF3B2, SF3B3, SF3B4, SF3B5, SF3B6 and PHF5A interacts with U2AF2 (PubMed:27720643). Component of the U11/U12 snRNPs that are part of the U12-type spliceosome (PubMed:15146077).SIMILARITY Belongs to the SF3B6 family.

UniProtQ9Y3B4

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125

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Reactome Database ID Release 7471976Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=71976ReactomeR-HSA-71976

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-71976.3

Reactome DB_ID: 5688096

UniProt:Q7L014 DDX46

DDX46

KIAA0801DDX46FUNCTION Plays an essential role in splicing, either prior to, or during splicing A complex formation.SUBUNIT Integral component of the 17S U2 snRNP.SIMILARITY Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DDX46/PRP5 subfamily.

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1031

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Reactome DB_ID: 71960

UniProt:P08579 SNRPB2

SNRPB2

SNRPB2FUNCTION Involved in pre-mRNA splicing as component of the spliceosome (PubMed:11991638, PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28781166, PubMed:28076346). Associated with sn-RNP U2, where it contributes to the binding of stem loop IV of U2 snRNA (PubMed:9716128).SUBUNIT Identified in the spliceosome B complex (PubMed:28781166). Identified in the spliceosome C complex (PubMed:11991638, PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28076346). Present in a spliceosome complex assembled in vitro, and composed of SNRPB2, HPRP8BP and CRNKL1 (PubMed:12084575). Contributes to the binding of stem loop IV of U2 snRNA with SNRPP1 (PubMed:9716128).MISCELLANEOUS Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus produce antibodies which interact with snRNP proteins.SIMILARITY Belongs to the RRM U1 A/B'' family.

UniProtP08579

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Reactome DB_ID: 8865891

UniProt:Q96I25 RBM17

RBM17

RBM17SPF45FUNCTION Splice factor that binds to the single-stranded 3'AG at the exon/intron border and promotes its utilization in the second catalytic step. Involved in the regulation of alternative splicing and the utilization of cryptic splice sites. Promotes the utilization of a cryptic splice site created by the beta-110 mutation in the HBB gene. The resulting frameshift leads to sickle cell anemia.SUBUNIT Binds SXL. Associates with the spliceosome. Interacts with SF3B1, SF1 and U2AF2.

UniProtQ96I25

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401

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Reactome DB_ID: 8865958

UniProt:O75940 SMNDC1

SMNDC1

SPF30SMNRSMNDC1FUNCTION Necessary for spliceosome assembly. Overexpression causes apoptosis.SUBUNIT Associates with spliceosomes. Associates with U4/U5/U6 tri-snRNP and with U2 snRNP.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Detected at intermediate levels in skeletal muscle, and at low levels in heart and pancreas.DOMAIN The Tudor domain mediates association with dimethylarginines, which are common in snRNP proteins.SIMILARITY Belongs to the SMN family.

UniProtO75940

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238

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Reactome DB_ID: 8871336

U2 Sm core complex [nucleoplasm]

U2 Sm core complex

Reactome DB_ID: 71901

UniProt:P62316 SNRPD2

SNRPD2

SNRPD2SNRPD1FUNCTION Plays role in pre-mRNA splicing as core component of the SMN-Sm complex that mediates spliceosomal snRNP assembly and as component of the spliceosomal U1, U2, U4 and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), the building blocks of the spliceosome (PubMed:11991638, PubMed:18984161, PubMed:19325628, PubMed:23333303, PubMed:25555158, PubMed:26912367, PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28781166, PubMed:28076346). Component of both the pre-catalytic spliceosome B complex and activated spliceosome C complexes (PubMed:11991638, PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28781166, PubMed:28076346). Is also a component of the minor U12 spliceosome (PubMed:15146077).SUBUNIT Core component of the spliceosomal U1, U2, U4 and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), the building blocks of the spliceosome (PubMed:11991638, PubMed:19325628, PubMed:21516107, PubMed:25555158, PubMed:26912367, PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28781166, PubMed:28076346). Most spliceosomal snRNPs contain a common set of Sm proteins, SNRPB, SNRPD1, SNRPD2, SNRPD3, SNRPE, SNRPF and SNRPG that assemble in a heptameric protein ring on the Sm site of the small nuclear RNA to form the core snRNP (PubMed:10025403, PubMed:19325628, PubMed:21516107, PubMed:25555158, PubMed:26912367, PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28781166, PubMed:28076346). Component of the U1 snRNP (PubMed:19325628, PubMed:25555158). The U1 snRNP is composed of the U1 snRNA and the 7 core Sm proteins SNRPB, SNRPD1, SNRPD2, SNRPD3, SNRPE, SNRPF and SNRPG, and at least three U1 snRNP-specific proteins SNRNP70/U1-70K, SNRPA/U1-A and SNRPC/U1-C (PubMed:19325628, PubMed:25555158). Component of the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex composed of the U4, U6 and U5 snRNAs and at least PRPF3, PRPF4, PRPF6, PRPF8, PRPF31, SNRNP200, TXNL4A, SNRNP40, SNRPB, SNRPD1, SNRPD2, SNRPD3, SNRPE, SNRPF, SNRPG, DDX23, CD2BP2, PPIH, SNU13, EFTUD2, SART1 and USP39, plus LSM2, LSM3, LSM4, LSM5, LSM6, LSM7 and LSM8 (PubMed:26912367). Component of the U11/U12 snRNPs that are part of the U12-type spliceosome (PubMed:15146077). Part of the SMN-Sm complex that contains SMN1, GEMIN2/SIP1, DDX20/GEMIN3, GEMIN4, GEMIN5, GEMIN6, GEMIN7, GEMIN8, STRAP/UNRIP and the Sm proteins SNRPB, SNRPD1, SNRPD2, SNRPD3, SNRPE, SNRPF and SNRPG; catalyzes core snRNPs assembly. Forms a 6S pICln-Sm complex composed of CLNS1A/pICln, SNRPD1, SNRPD2, SNRPE, SNRPF and SNRPG; ring-like structure where CLNS1A/pICln mimics additional Sm proteins and which is unable to assemble into the core snRNP.MISCELLANEOUS In the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus, antinuclear antibodies are developed with Sm specificity.SIMILARITY Belongs to the snRNP core protein family.

UniProtP62316

EQUAL

118

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 71905

UniProt:P62304 SNRPE

SNRPE

SNRPEFUNCTION Plays role in pre-mRNA splicing as core component of the SMN-Sm complex that mediates spliceosomal snRNP assembly and as component of the spliceosomal U1, U2, U4 and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), the building blocks of the spliceosome (PubMed:11991638, PubMed:18984161, PubMed:23246290, PubMed:19325628, PubMed:23333303, PubMed:25555158, PubMed:26912367, PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28781166, PubMed:28076346). Component of both the pre-catalytic spliceosome B complex and activated spliceosome C complexes (PubMed:11991638, PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28781166, PubMed:28076346). Is also a component of the minor U12 spliceosome (PubMed:15146077). As part of the U7 snRNP it is involved in histone 3'-end processing (PubMed:12975319). May indirectly play a role in hair development (PubMed:23246290).SUBUNIT Core component of the spliceosomal U1, U2, U4 and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), the building blocks of the spliceosome (PubMed:11991638, PubMed:23246290, PubMed:19325628, PubMed:21516107, PubMed:25555158, PubMed:26912367, PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28781166, PubMed:28076346). Most spliceosomal snRNPs contain a common set of Sm proteins, SNRPB, SNRPD1, SNRPD2, SNRPD3, SNRPE, SNRPF and SNRPG that assemble in a heptameric protein ring on the Sm site of the small nuclear RNA to form the core snRNP (PubMed:19325628, PubMed:21516107, PubMed:25555158, PubMed:26912367, PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28781166, PubMed:28076346). Component of the U1 snRNP (PubMed:19325628, PubMed:25555158). The U1 snRNP is composed of the U1 snRNA and the 7 core Sm proteins SNRPB, SNRPD1, SNRPD2, SNRPD3, SNRPE, SNRPF and SNRPG, and at least three U1 snRNP-specific proteins SNRNP70/U1-70K, SNRPA/U1-A and SNRPC/U1-C (PubMed:19325628, PubMed:25555158). Component of the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex composed of the U4, U6 and U5 snRNAs and at least PRPF3, PRPF4, PRPF6, PRPF8, PRPF31, SNRNP200, TXNL4A, SNRNP40, SNRPB, SNRPD1, SNRPD2, SNRPD3, SNRPE, SNRPF, SNRPG, DDX23, CD2BP2, PPIH, SNU13, EFTUD2, SART1 and USP39, plus LSM2, LSM3, LSM4, LSM5, LSM6, LSM7 and LSM8 (PubMed:26912367). Component of the U7 snRNP complex, or U7 Sm protein core complex, that is composed of the U7 snRNA and at least LSM10, LSM11, SNRPB, SNRPD3, SNRPE, SNRPF and SNRPG; the complex does not contain SNRPD1 and SNRPD2 (PubMed:11574479). Component of the U11/U12 snRNPs that are part of the U12-type spliceosome (PubMed:15146077). Part of the SMN-Sm complex that contains SMN1, GEMIN2/SIP1, DDX20/GEMIN3, GEMIN4, GEMIN5, GEMIN6, GEMIN7, GEMIN8, STRAP/UNRIP and the Sm proteins SNRPB, SNRPD1, SNRPD2, SNRPD3, SNRPE, SNRPF and SNRPG; catalyzes core snRNPs assembly (PubMed:18984161). Forms a 6S pICln-Sm complex composed of CLNS1A/pICln, SNRPD1, SNRPD2, SNRPE, SNRPF and SNRPG; ring-like structure where CLNS1A/pICln mimics additional Sm proteins and which is unable to assemble into the core snRNP (PubMed:18984161, PubMed:23333303).TISSUE SPECIFICITY Widely expressed. In scalp skin, it is present in the hair follicle, the epidermis, and the dermis.MISCELLANEOUS Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus produce antibodies which interact with snRNP proteins.SIMILARITY Belongs to the snRNP Sm proteins family.

UniProtP62304

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 71909

UniProt:P62308 SNRPG

SNRPG

PBSCGSNRPGFUNCTION Plays role in pre-mRNA splicing as core component of the SMN-Sm complex that mediates spliceosomal snRNP assembly and as component of the spliceosomal U1, U2, U4 and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), the building blocks of the spliceosome (PubMed:11991638, PubMed:18984161, PubMed:19325628, PubMed:23333303, PubMed:25555158, PubMed:26912367, PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28781166, PubMed:28076346). Component of both the pre-catalytic spliceosome B complex and activated spliceosome C complexes (PubMed:11991638, PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28781166, PubMed:28076346). Is also a component of the minor U12 spliceosome (PubMed:15146077). As part of the U7 snRNP it is involved in histone 3'-end processing (PubMed:12975319).SUBUNIT Core component of the spliceosomal U1, U2, U4 and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), the building blocks of the spliceosome (PubMed:11991638, PubMed:19325628, PubMed:21516107, PubMed:25555158, PubMed:26912367, PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28781166, PubMed:28076346). Most spliceosomal snRNPs contain a common set of Sm proteins, SNRPB, SNRPD1, SNRPD2, SNRPD3, SNRPE, SNRPF and SNRPG that assemble in a heptameric protein ring on the Sm site of the small nuclear RNA to form the core snRNP (PubMed:19325628, PubMed:21516107, PubMed:25555158, PubMed:26912367, PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28781166, PubMed:28076346). Component of the U1 snRNP (PubMed:19325628, PubMed:25555158). The U1 snRNP is composed of the U1 snRNA and the 7 core Sm proteins SNRPB, SNRPD1, SNRPD2, SNRPD3, SNRPE, SNRPF and SNRPG, and at least three U1 snRNP-specific proteins SNRNP70/U1-70K, SNRPA/U1-A and SNRPC/U1-C (PubMed:19325628, PubMed:25555158). Component of the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex composed of the U4, U6 and U5 snRNAs and at least PRPF3, PRPF4, PRPF6, PRPF8, PRPF31, SNRNP200, TXNL4A, SNRNP40, SNRPB, SNRPD1, SNRPD2, SNRPD3, SNRPE, SNRPF, SNRPG, DDX23, CD2BP2, PPIH, SNU13, EFTUD2, SART1 and USP39, plus LSM2, LSM3, LSM4, LSM5, LSM6, LSM7 and LSM8 (PubMed:26912367). Component of the U7 snRNP complex, or U7 Sm protein core complex, that is composed of the U7 snRNA and at least LSM10, LSM11, SNRPB, SNRPD3, SNRPE, SNRPF and SNRPG; the complex does not contain SNRPD1 and SNRPD2 (PubMed:11574479, PubMed:12975319). Component of the U11/U12 snRNPs that are part of the U12-type spliceosome (PubMed:15146077). Part of the SMN-Sm complex that contains SMN1, GEMIN2/SIP1, DDX20/GEMIN3, GEMIN4, GEMIN5, GEMIN6, GEMIN7, GEMIN8, STRAP/UNRIP and the Sm proteins SNRPB, SNRPD1, SNRPD2, SNRPD3, SNRPE, SNRPF and SNRPG; catalyzes core snRNPs assembly (PubMed:18984161). Forms a 6S pICln-Sm complex composed of CLNS1A/pICln, SNRPD1, SNRPD2, SNRPE, SNRPF and SNRPG; ring-like structure where CLNS1A/pICln mimics additional Sm proteins and which is unable to assemble into the core snRNP (PubMed:18984161, PubMed:23333303).SIMILARITY Belongs to the snRNP Sm proteins family.

UniProtP62308

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 71907

UniProt:P62306 SNRPF

SNRPF

PBSCFSNRPFFUNCTION Plays role in pre-mRNA splicing as core component of the SMN-Sm complex that mediates spliceosomal snRNP assembly and as component of the spliceosomal U1, U2, U4 and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), the building blocks of the spliceosome (PubMed:11991638, PubMed:18984161, PubMed:19325628, PubMed:23333303, PubMed:25555158, PubMed:26912367, PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28781166, PubMed:28076346). Component of both the pre-catalytic spliceosome B complex and activated spliceosome C complexes (PubMed:11991638, PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28781166, PubMed:28076346). Is also a component of the minor U12 spliceosome (PubMed:15146077). As part of the U7 snRNP it is involved in histone 3'-end processing (PubMed:12975319).SUBUNIT Core component of the spliceosomal U1, U2, U4 and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), the building blocks of the spliceosome (PubMed:11991638, PubMed:19325628, PubMed:21516107, PubMed:25555158, PubMed:26912367, PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28781166, PubMed:28076346). Most spliceosomal snRNPs contain a common set of Sm proteins, SNRPB, SNRPD1, SNRPD2, SNRPD3, SNRPE, SNRPF and SNRPG that assemble in a heptameric protein ring on the Sm site of the small nuclear RNA to form the core snRNP (PubMed:19325628, PubMed:21516107, PubMed:25555158, PubMed:26912367, PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28781166, PubMed:28076346). Component of the U1 snRNP (PubMed:19325628, PubMed:25555158). The U1 snRNP is composed of the U1 snRNA and the 7 core Sm proteins SNRPB, SNRPD1, SNRPD2, SNRPD3, SNRPE, SNRPF and SNRPG, and at least three U1 snRNP-specific proteins SNRNP70/U1-70K, SNRPA/U1-A and SNRPC/U1-C (PubMed:19325628, PubMed:25555158). Component of the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex composed of the U4, U6 and U5 snRNAs and at least PRPF3, PRPF4, PRPF6, PRPF8, PRPF31, SNRNP200, TXNL4A, SNRNP40, SNRPB, SNRPD1, SNRPD2, SNRPD3, SNRPE, SNRPF, SNRPG, DDX23, CD2BP2, PPIH, SNU13, EFTUD2, SART1 and USP39, plus LSM2, LSM3, LSM4, LSM5, LSM6, LSM7 and LSM8 (PubMed:26912367). Component of the U7 snRNP complex, or U7 Sm protein core complex, that is composed of the U7 snRNA and at least LSM10, LSM11, SNRPB, SNRPD3, SNRPE, SNRPF and SNRPG; the complex does not contain SNRPD1 and SNRPD2 (PubMed:11574479). Component of the U11/U12 snRNPs that are part of the U12-type spliceosome (PubMed:15146077). Part of the SMN-Sm complex that contains SMN1, GEMIN2/SIP1, DDX20/GEMIN3, GEMIN4, GEMIN5, GEMIN6, GEMIN7, GEMIN8, STRAP/UNRIP and the Sm proteins SNRPB, SNRPD1, SNRPD2, SNRPD3, SNRPE, SNRPF and SNRPG; catalyzes core snRNPs assembly (PubMed:18984161). Forms a 6S pICln-Sm complex composed of CLNS1A/pICln, SNRPD1, SNRPD2, SNRPE, SNRPF and SNRPG; ring-like structure where CLNS1A/pICln mimics additional Sm proteins and which is unable to assemble into the core snRNP (PubMed:18984161, PubMed:23333303).SIMILARITY Belongs to the snRNP Sm proteins family. SmF/LSm6 subfamily.

UniProtP62306

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 192219

UniProt:P62318 SNRPD3

SNRPD3

SNRPD3FUNCTION Plays role in pre-mRNA splicing as core component of the SMN-Sm complex that mediates spliceosomal snRNP assembly and as component of the spliceosomal U1, U2, U4 and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), the building blocks of the spliceosome (PubMed:11991638, PubMed:18984161, PubMed:19325628, PubMed:25555158, PubMed:26912367, PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28781166, PubMed:28076346). Component of both the pre-catalytic spliceosome B complex and activated spliceosome C complexes (PubMed:11991638, PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28781166, PubMed:28076346). Is also a component of the minor U12 spliceosome (PubMed:15146077). As part of the U7 snRNP it is involved in histone pre-mRNA 3'-end processing (By similarity).SUBUNIT Core component of the spliceosomal U1, U2, U4 and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), the building blocks of the spliceosome (PubMed:11991638, PubMed:10025403, PubMed:19325628, PubMed:21516107, PubMed:25555158, PubMed:26912367, PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28781166, PubMed:28076346). Most spliceosomal snRNPs contain a common set of Sm proteins, SNRPB, SNRPD1, SNRPD2, SNRPD3, SNRPE, SNRPF and SNRPG that assemble in a heptameric protein ring on the Sm site of the small nuclear RNA to form the core snRNP (PubMed:10025403, PubMed:19325628, PubMed:21516107, PubMed:25555158, PubMed:26912367, PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28781166, PubMed:28076346). Component of the U1 snRNP (PubMed:19325628, PubMed:25555158). The U1 snRNP is composed of the U1 snRNA and the 7 core Sm proteins SNRPB, SNRPD1, SNRPD2, SNRPD3, SNRPE, SNRPF and SNRPG, and at least three U1 snRNP-specific proteins SNRNP70/U1-70K, SNRPA/U1-A and SNRPC/U1-C (PubMed:19325628, PubMed:25555158). Component of the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex composed of the U4, U6 and U5 snRNAs and at least PRPF3, PRPF4, PRPF6, PRPF8, PRPF31, SNRNP200, TXNL4A, SNRNP40, SNRPB, SNRPD1, SNRPD2, SNRPD3, SNRPE, SNRPF, SNRPG, DDX23, CD2BP2, PPIH, SNU13, EFTUD2, SART1 and USP39, plus LSM2, LSM3, LSM4, LSM5, LSM6, LSM7 and LSM8 (PubMed:26912367). Component of the U7 snRNP complex, or U7 Sm protein core complex, that is composed of the U7 snRNA and at least LSM10, LSM11, SNRPB, SNRPD3, SNRPE, SNRPF and SNRPG; the complex does not contain SNRPD1 and SNRPD2 (PubMed:11574479). Component of the U11/U12 snRNPs that are part of the U12-type spliceosome (PubMed:15146077). Part of the SMN-Sm complex that contains SMN1, GEMIN2/SIP1, DDX20/GEMIN3, GEMIN4, GEMIN5, GEMIN6, GEMIN7, GEMIN8, STRAP/UNRIP and the Sm proteins SNRPB, SNRPD1, SNRPD2, SNRPD3, SNRPE, SNRPF and SNRPG; catalyzes core snRNPs assembly. Forms a 6S pICln-Sm complex composed of CLNS1A/pICln, SNRPD1, SNRPD2, SNRPE, SNRPF and SNRPG; ring-like structure where CLNS1A/pICln mimics additional Sm proteins and which is unable to assemble into the core snRNP.PTM Methylated on arginine residues by PRMT5 and PRMT7; probable asymmetric dimethylation which is required for assembly and biogenesis of snRNPs.MISCELLANEOUS In the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus, antinuclear antibodies are developed with Sm specificity.SIMILARITY Belongs to the snRNP core protein family.

UniProtP62318

monomethylated residue at unknown position

monomethylated residue [MOD:00599]

monomethylated residue at unknown position

EQUAL

126

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 192215

UniProt:P62314 SNRPD1

SNRPD1

SNRPD1FUNCTION Plays role in pre-mRNA splicing as core component of the SMN-Sm complex that mediates spliceosomal snRNP assembly and as component of the spliceosomal U1, U2, U4 and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), the building blocks of the spliceosome (PubMed:11991638, PubMed:18984161, PubMed:19325628, PubMed:23333303, PubMed:25555158, PubMed:26912367, PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28781166, PubMed:28076346). Component of both the pre-catalytic spliceosome B complex and activated spliceosome C complexes (PubMed:11991638, PubMed:26912367, PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28781166, PubMed:28076346). Is also a component of the minor U12 spliceosome (PubMed:15146077). May act as a charged protein scaffold to promote snRNP assembly or strengthen snRNP-snRNP interactions through non-specific electrostatic contacts with RNA (Probable).SUBUNIT Core component of the spliceosomal U1, U2, U4 and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), the building blocks of the spliceosome (PubMed:11991638, PubMed:19325628, PubMed:25555158, PubMed:26912367, PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28781166, PubMed:28076346). Most spliceosomal snRNPs contain a common set of Sm proteins, SNRPB, SNRPD1, SNRPD2, SNRPD3, SNRPE, SNRPF and SNRPG that assemble in a heptameric protein ring on the Sm site of the small nuclear RNA to form the core snRNP (PubMed:10025403, PubMed:19325628, PubMed:21113136, PubMed:25555158, PubMed:26912367, PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28781166, PubMed:28076346). Component of the U1 snRNP (PubMed:19325628, PubMed:21113136, PubMed:25555158). The U1 snRNP is composed of the U1 snRNA and the 7 core Sm proteins SNRPB, SNRPD1, SNRPD2, SNRPD3, SNRPE, SNRPF and SNRPG, and at least three U1 snRNP-specific proteins SNRNP70/U1-70K, SNRPA/U1-A and SNRPC/U1-C (PubMed:19325628, PubMed:21113136, PubMed:25555158). Component of the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex composed of the U4, U6 and U5 snRNAs and at least PRPF3, PRPF4, PRPF6, PRPF8, PRPF31, SNRNP200, TXNL4A, SNRNP40, SNRPB, SNRPD1, SNRPD2, SNRPD3, SNRPE, SNRPF, SNRPG, DDX23, CD2BP2, PPIH, SNU13, EFTUD2, SART1 and USP39, plus LSM2, LSM3, LSM4, LSM5, LSM6, LSM7 and LSM8 (PubMed:26912367). Component of the U11/U12 snRNPs that are part of the U12-type spliceosome (PubMed:15146077). Part of the SMN-Sm complex that contains SMN1, GEMIN2/SIP1, DDX20/GEMIN3, GEMIN4, GEMIN5, GEMIN6, GEMIN7, GEMIN8, STRAP/UNRIP and the Sm proteins SNRPB, SNRPD1, SNRPD2, SNRPD3, SNRPE, SNRPF and SNRPG; catalyzes core snRNPs assembly. Forms a 6S pICln-Sm complex composed of CLNS1A/pICln, SNRPD1, SNRPD2, SNRPE, SNRPF and SNRPG; ring-like structure where CLNS1A/pICln mimics additional Sm proteins and which is unable to assemble into the core snRNP.PTM Methylated on arginine residues by PRMT5 and PRMT7; probable asymmetric dimethylation which is required for assembly and biogenesis of snRNPs.MISCELLANEOUS In the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus, antinuclear antibodies are developed with Sm specificity.SIMILARITY Belongs to the snRNP core protein family.

UniProtP62314

monomethylated residue at unknown position

EQUAL

119

EQUAL

Converted from EntitySet in Reactome

Reactome DB_ID: 8865952

Me2-R108,R112-SNRPB,SNRPN [nucleoplasm]Converted from EntitySet in Reactome. Each synonym is a name of a PhysicalEntity, and each XREF points to one PhysicalEntityMe2-R108,R112-SNRPB [nucleoplasm]Me2-R108,R112-SNRPN [nucleoplasm]

UniProtP14678UniProtP63162Reactome Database ID Release 748871336Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8871336ReactomeR-HSA-8871336

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8871336.2

Reactome DB_ID: 66652

UniProt:Q7RTV0 PHF5A

PHF5A

PHF5AFUNCTION Involved with the PAF1 complex (PAF1C) in transcriptional elongation by RNA polymerase II, and in regulation of development and maintenance of embryonic stem cell (ESC) pluripotency. Required for maintenance of ESCs self-renewal and cellular reprogramming of stem cells. Maintains pluripotency by recruiting and stabilizing PAF1C on pluripotency genes loci, and by regulating the expression of the pluripotency genes. Regulates the deposition of elongation-associated histone modifications, including dimethylated histone H3 'Lys-79' (H3K79me2) and trimethylated histone H3 'Lys-36' (H3K36me3), on PAF1C targets, self-renewal and pluripotency genes. Regulates RNA polymerase II promoter-proximal pause release of the PAF1C targets and self-renewal genes, and the levels of elongating ('Ser-2' phosphorylated) RNA polymerase II in their gene bodies. Regulates muscle specification in adult stem cells by stabilizing PAF1C in chromatin to promote myogenic differentiation (By similarity). Involved in pre-mRNA splicing as a component of the splicing factor SF3B complex (PubMed:27720643, PubMed:28541300). SF3B complex is required for 'A' complex assembly formed by the stable binding of U2 snRNP to the branchpoint sequence (BPS) in pre-mRNA. Sequence independent binding of SF3A/SF3B complex upstream of the branch site is essential, it may anchor U2 snRNP to the pre-mRNA (PubMed:12234937). Acts as a transcriptional regulator by binding to the GJA1/Cx43 promoter and enhancing its up-regulation by ESR1/ER-alpha (By similarity).SUBUNIT Interacts (via N-terminus) with U2AF1 and SRSF5; acts to bridge the two. Interacts (via C-terminus) with EP400 and DDX1; acts to bridge the two (By similarity). Component of splicing factor SF3B complex which is composed of at least eight subunits; SF3B1, SF3B2, SF3B3, SF3B4, SF3B5, SF3B6, PHF5A and DDX42 (PubMed:12234937, PubMed:12738865, PubMed:27720643, PubMed:28541300). Within the SF3B complex interacts directly with SF3B1 and SF3B3 (PubMed:27720643). The SF3B complex composed of SF3B1, SF3B2, SF3B3, SF3B4, SF3B5, SF3B6 and PHF5A interacts with U2AF2 (PubMed:27720643). SF3B associates with the splicing factor SF3A and a 12S RNA unit to form the U2 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins complex (U2 snRNP) (PubMed:12234937). Component of the U11/U12 snRNPs that are part of the U12-type spliceosome (PubMed:15146077). Interacts with the PAF1 complex (PAF1C) composed of CDC73, PAF1, LEO1, CTR9, RTF1 and WDR61. Within the PAF1C interacts directly with CDC73 and WDR61. Interacts with RNA polymerase II (By similarity).SIMILARITY Belongs to the PHF5 family.

UniProtQ7RTV0

EQUAL

110

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 8865950

UniProt:O15042 U2SURP

U2SURP

KIAA0332SR140U2SURPSUBUNIT Interacts with ERBB4.SIMILARITY Belongs to the splicing factor SR family.

UniProtO15042

EQUAL

1029

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 71956

EMBL:X59360 U2 snRNA

U2 snRNA

EMBLX59360

Reactome DB_ID: 5688097

UniProt:O43143 DHX15

DHX15

DBP1DDX15DHX15FUNCTION Pre-mRNA processing factor involved in disassembly of spliceosomes after the release of mature mRNA. In cooperation with TFIP11 seem to be involved in the transition of the U2, U5 and U6 snRNP-containing IL complex to the snRNP-free IS complex leading to efficient debranching and turnover of excised introns.SUBUNIT Interacts with SSB/La (PubMed:12458796). Component of the U11/U12 snRNPs that are part of the U12-type spliceosome (PubMed:15146077). Identified in the Intron Large (IL) complex, a post-mRNA release spliceosomal complex containing the excised intron, U2, U5 and U6 snRNPs, and splicing factors; the association may be transient. Interacts with TFIP11; indicative for a recruitment to the IL complex (PubMed:19103666). Interacts with GPATCH2 (PubMed:19432882).TISSUE SPECIFICITY Ubiquitous.SIMILARITY Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DEAH subfamily. DDX15/PRP43 sub-subfamily.

UniProtO43143

EQUAL

795

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 8865901

UniProt:Q8IWX8 CHERP

CHERP

SCAF6DAN26CHERPFUNCTION Involved in calcium homeostasis, growth and proliferation.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Expressed in brain, placenta, lung, liver, kidney, pancreas, cardiac and skeletal muscle, and in cultured HEL and Dami cells.

UniProtQ8IWX8

EQUAL

916

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 71967

SF3A [nucleoplasm]

SF3A

Reactome DB_ID: 71962

UniProt:Q15459 SF3A1

SF3A1

SF3A1SAP114FUNCTION Involved in pre-mRNA splicing as a component of the splicing factor SF3A complex that contributes to the assembly of the 17S U2 snRNP, and the subsequent assembly of the pre-spliceosome 'E' complex and the pre-catalytic spliceosome 'A' complex (PubMed:10882114, PubMed:11533230). Involved in pre-mRNA splicing as a component of pre-catalytic spliceosome 'B' complexes (PubMed:29360106, PubMed:30315277).SUBUNIT Component of splicing factor SF3A which is composed of three subunits; SF3A3/SAP61, SF3A2/SAP62 and SF3A1/SAP114 (PubMed:10882114, PubMed:11533230, PubMed:21349847). SF3A1 functions as scaffold that interacts directly with both SF3A2 and SF3A3 (PubMed:11533230, PubMed:21349847, PubMed:17098193). SF3A associates with the splicing factor SF3B and a 12S RNA unit to form the mature 17S U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex (17S U2 snRNP) (PubMed:10882114, PubMed:11533230). Identified in the spliceosome 'E' complex, a precursor of the spliceosome 'A' complex (PubMed:10882114). Identified in the spliceosome 'A' and 'B' complexes (PubMed:10882114, PubMed:29360106, PubMed:30315277). Identified in the spliceosome 'C' complex (PubMed:11991638).TISSUE SPECIFICITY Ubiquitously expressed.DOMAIN SURP motif 2 mediates direct binding to SF3A3.

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Reactome DB_ID: 71964

UniProt:Q15428 SF3A2

SF3A2

SF3A2SAP62FUNCTION Involved in pre-mRNA splicing as a component of the splicing factor SF3A complex that contributes to the assembly of the 17S U2 snRNP, and the subsequent assembly of the pre-spliceosome 'E' complex and the pre-catalytic spliceosome 'A' complex (PubMed:10882114, PubMed:11533230). Involved in pre-mRNA splicing as a component of pre-catalytic spliceosome 'B' complexes, including the Bact complex (PubMed:29361316, PubMed:29360106, PubMed:30315277). Interacts directly with the duplex formed by U2 snRNA and the intron (PubMed:29360106).SUBUNIT Component of splicing factor SF3A which is composed of three subunits; SF3A3/SAP61, SF3A2/SAP62 and SF3A1/SAP114 (PubMed:10882114, PubMed:11533230, PubMed:21349847). SF3A1 functions as scaffold that interacts directly with both SF3A2 and SF3A3 (PubMed:11533230, PubMed:21349847). SF3A associates with the splicing factor SF3B and a 12S RNA unit to form the mature 17S U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex (17S U2 snRNP) (PubMed:10882114, PubMed:11533230). Identified in the spliceosome 'E' complex, a precursor of the spliceosome 'A' complex (PubMed:10882114). Identified in the spliceosome 'A' and 'B' complexes (PubMed:10882114, PubMed:29361316, PubMed:29360106, PubMed:30315277). Identified in the spliceosome 'C' complex (PubMed:11991638). Interacts with HTATSF1 (PubMed:9710584).SIMILARITY Belongs to the SF3A2 family.

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Reactome DB_ID: 71966

UniProt:Q12874 SF3A3

SF3A3

SF3A3SAP61FUNCTION Involved in pre-mRNA splicing as a component of the splicing factor SF3A complex that contributes to the assembly of the 17S U2 snRNP, and the subsequent assembly of the pre-spliceosome 'E' complex and the pre-catalytic spliceosome 'A' complex (PubMed:8022796, PubMed:10882114, PubMed:11533230). Involved in pre-mRNA splicing as a component of pre-catalytic spliceosome 'B' complexes (PubMed:29360106, PubMed:30315277).SUBUNIT Component of splicing factor SF3A which is composed of three subunits; SF3A3/SAP61, SF3A2/SAP62 and SF3A1/SAP114 (PubMed:8022796, PubMed:10882114, PubMed:11533230, PubMed:21349847). SF3A1 functions as scaffold that interacts directly with both SF3A2 and SF3A3 (PubMed:11533230, PubMed:21349847, PubMed:17098193). SF3A associates with the splicing factor SF3B and a 12S RNA unit to form the mature 17S U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex (17S U2 snRNP) (PubMed:10882114, PubMed:11533230, PubMed:17098193). Identified in the spliceosome 'E' complex, a precursor of the spliceosome 'A' complex (PubMed:10882114). Identified in the spliceosome 'A' and 'B' complexes (PubMed:8022796, PubMed:10882114, PubMed:29360106, PubMed:30315277). Identified in the spliceosome 'C' complex (PubMed:11991638).TISSUE SPECIFICITY Ubiquitous.SIMILARITY Belongs to the SF3A3 family.

UniProtQ12874

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Reactome Database ID Release 7471967Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=71967ReactomeR-HSA-71967

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-71967.1

Reactome DB_ID: 71958

UniProt:P09661 SNRPA1

SNRPA1

SNRPA1FUNCTION Involved in pre-mRNA splicing as component of the spliceosome (PubMed:11991638, PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28781166, PubMed:28076346, PubMed:27035939). Associated with sn-RNP U2, where it contributes to the binding of stem loop IV of U2 snRNA (PubMed:9716128, PubMed:27035939).SUBUNIT Identified in the spliceosome B complex (PubMed:28781166). Identified in the spliceosome C complex (PubMed:11991638, PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28076346). Found in a pre-mRNA splicing complex with SFRS4, SFRS5, SNRNP70, SNRPA1, SRRM1 and SRRM2 (PubMed:9531537). Found in a pre-mRNA exonic splicing enhancer (ESE) complex with SNRNP70, SNRPA1, SRRM1 and TRA2B (PubMed:10339552). Contributes to the binding of stem loop IV of U2 snRNA with SNRPB2 (PubMed:9716128, PubMed:27035939).SIMILARITY Belongs to the U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein A family.

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Reactome DB_ID: 8865910

UniProt:Q9UHX1 PUF60

PUF60

PUF60ROBPISIAHBP1FIRFUNCTION DNA- and RNA-binding protein, involved in several nuclear processes such as pre-mRNA splicing, apoptosis and transcription regulation. In association with FUBP1 regulates MYC transcription at the P2 promoter through the core-TFIIH basal transcription factor. Acts as a transcriptional repressor through the core-TFIIH basal transcription factor. Represses FUBP1-induced transcriptional activation but not basal transcription. Decreases ERCC3 helicase activity. Does not repress TFIIH-mediated transcription in xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group B (XPB) cells. Is also involved in pre-mRNA splicing. Promotes splicing of an intron with weak 3'-splice site and pyrimidine tract in a cooperative manner with U2AF2. Involved in apoptosis induction when overexpressed in HeLa cells. Isoform 6 failed to repress MYC transcription and inhibited FIR-induced apoptosis in colorectal cancer. Isoform 6 may contribute to tumor progression by enabling increased MYC expression and greater resistance to apoptosis in tumors than in normal cells. Modulates alternative splicing of several mRNAs. Binds to relaxed DNA of active promoter regions. Binds to the pyrimidine tract and 3'-splice site regions of pre-mRNA; binding is enhanced in presence of U2AF2. Binds to Y5 RNA in association with TROVE2. Binds to poly(U) RNA.SUBUNIT Homodimer. Associates with the spliceosome. Found in a complex with TROVE2 and Y5 RNA. Found in a complex with FUBP1 and far upstream element (FUSE) DNA segment. Interacts directly with ERCC3. Interacts with CDK7, GTF2H1 and SFRS11. Does not interact with ERCC3 in xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group B (XPB) cells.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Isoform 2 is expressed in colonic epithelium and colorectal epithelium cancer (at protein level). Isoform 6 is expressed in colorectal epithelial cancer but below detection level in colonic epithelium. Expressed in heart, brain, placenta, lung, liver, skeletal muscle, kidney, pancreas, spleen, thymus, prostate, testis, ovary, small intestine, colon and peripheral blood leukocytes.DOMAIN The third RNA recognition motif, called PUMP domain, is atypical and may rather mediate homodimerization and/or protein-protein interactions.MISCELLANEOUS Does not repress TFIIH-mediated transcription in xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group B (XPB) cells.SIMILARITY Belongs to the RRM half pint family.

UniProtQ9UHX1

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Reactome Database ID Release 7471980Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=71980ReactomeR-HSA-71980

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-71980.2

Reactome DB_ID: 71925

UniProt:Q13151 HNRNPA0

HNRNPA0

HNRPA0HNRNPA0FUNCTION mRNA-binding component of ribonucleosomes. Specifically binds AU-rich element (ARE)-containing mRNAs. Involved in post-transcriptional regulation of cytokines mRNAs.PTM Phosphorylated at Ser-84 by MAPKAPK2 in response to LPS treatment, promoting stabilization of GADD45A mRNA.PTM Arg-291 is dimethylated, probably to asymmetric dimethylarginine.

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Reactome DB_ID: 5215975

UniProt:Q9NW64 RBM22

RBM22

199G4RBM22ZC3H16FUNCTION Required for pre-mRNA splicing as component of the activated spliceosome (PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28076346, PubMed:29361316, PubMed:29360106, PubMed:29301961, PubMed:30705154). Involved in the first step of pre-mRNA splicing. Binds directly to the internal stem-loop (ISL) domain of the U6 snRNA and to the pre-mRNA intron near the 5' splice site during the activation and catalytic phases of the spliceosome cycle. Involved in both translocations of the nuclear SLU7 to the cytoplasm and the cytosolic calcium-binding protein PDCD6 to the nucleus upon cellular stress responses.SUBUNIT Component of the pre-catalytic and catalytic spliceosome complexes (PubMed:11991638, PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28076346, PubMed:29361316, PubMed:29360106, PubMed:29301961). Component of the postcatalytic spliceosome P complex (PubMed:30705154). Interacts with PDCD6; the interaction induces translocation of PDCD6 in the cytoplasm.DOMAIN The C-terminus RRM domain and the zinc finger motif are necessary for RNA-binding.SIMILARITY Belongs to the SLT11 family.

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Reactome DB_ID: 72043

UniProt:Q8IWZ8 SUGP1

SUGP1

SF4SUGP1FUNCTION Plays a role in pre-mRNA splicing.SUBUNIT Component of the spliceosome.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Detected in adult testis and heart, and in adult and fetal brain, kidney and skeletal muscle.

UniProtQ8IWZ8

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645

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Reactome DB_ID: 3900136

UniProt:P17844 DDX5

DDX5

G17P1DDX5HELRHLR1FUNCTION Involved in the alternative regulation of pre-mRNA splicing; its RNA helicase activity is necessary for increasing tau exon 10 inclusion and occurs in a RBM4-dependent manner. Binds to the tau pre-mRNA in the stem-loop region downstream of exon 10. The rate of ATP hydrolysis is highly stimulated by single-stranded RNA. Involved in transcriptional regulation; the function is independent of the RNA helicase activity. Transcriptional coactivator for androgen receptor AR but probably not ESR1. Synergizes with DDX17 and SRA1 RNA to activate MYOD1 transcriptional activity and involved in skeletal muscle differentiation. Transcriptional coactivator for p53/TP53 and involved in p53/TP53 transcriptional response to DNA damage and p53/TP53-dependent apoptosis. Transcriptional coactivator for RUNX2 and involved in regulation of osteoblast differentiation. Acts as transcriptional repressor in a promoter-specific manner; the function probably involves association with histone deacetylases, such as HDAC1. As component of a large PER complex is involved in the inhibition of 3' transcriptional termination of circadian target genes such as PER1 and NR1D1 and the control of the circadian rhythms.SUBUNIT Identified in the spliceosome C complex. Interacts with RBM4; the interaction occurs in an RNA-independent manner. Interacts with AGO1 and AGO2. Interacts with ESR1, AR, EP300, CREBBP, POLR2A, TP53, RUNX2 and HDAC1. Self-associates. Interacts with DDX17. Interacts with BRDT. The large PER complex involved in the repression of transcriptional termination is composed of at least PER2, CDK9, DDX5, DHX9, NCBP1 and POLR2A (active). Interacts with DHX36; this interaction occurs in a RNA-dependent manner (PubMed:18279852). Interacts with NUPR1 (By similarity). Interacts with ERCC6 (PubMed:26030138). Interacts with DDX3X in the cytoplasm; this interaction may be more efficient when both proteins are unphosphorylated (PubMed:22034099).PTM Arg-502 is dimethylated, probably to asymmetric dimethylarginine.PTM Sumoylated; sumoylation, promoted by PIAS1, promotes interaction with HDAC1 and transcriptional repression activity. Sumoylation also significantly increases stability, and reduces polyubiquitination.PTM Polyubiquitinated, leading to proteasomal degradation.PTM Weakly phosphorylated in the G1/S phase of the cell cycle and much more at G2/M, especially at Thr and Tyr residues.SIMILARITY Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DDX5/DBP2 subfamily.CAUTION Was reported to act as transcriptional coactivator for estrogen receptor ESR1; these publications have been retracted (PubMed:10409727, PubMed:11250900). The function has been questioned (PubMed:18829551).

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Reactome DB_ID: 71987

UniProt:P26368 U2AF2

U2AF2

U2AF2U2AF65FUNCTION Plays a role in pre-mRNA splicing and 3'-end processing (PubMed:17024186). By recruiting PRPF19 and the PRP19C/Prp19 complex/NTC/Nineteen complex to the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain (CTD), and thereby pre-mRNA, may couple transcription to splicing (PubMed:21536736). Induces cardiac troponin-T (TNNT2) pre-mRNA exon inclusion in muscle. Regulates the TNNT2 exon 5 inclusion through competition with MBNL1. Binds preferentially to a single-stranded structure within the polypyrimidine tract of TNNT2 intron 4 during spliceosome assembly. Required for the export of mRNA out of the nucleus, even if the mRNA is encoded by an intron-less gene. Represses the splicing of MAPT/Tau exon 10. Positively regulates pre-mRNA 3'-end processing by recruiting the CFIm complex to cleavage and polyadenylation signals (PubMed:17024186).SUBUNIT Interacts with U2AF1L4 (By similarity). Heterodimer with U2AF1 (PubMed:11551507). Binds unphosphorylated SF1 (PubMed:10449420, PubMed:12718882). Interacts with SCAF11 and SNW1 (PubMed:9447963, PubMed:21460037). Interacts with ZRSR2/U2AF1-RS2. Interacts with RBM17 (PubMed:17589525). Interacts with PRPF19; the interaction is direct. Interacts with POLR2A (via the C-terminal domain); recruits PRPF19 and the Prp19 complex to the pre-mRNA (PubMed:21536736). Interacts with KHDC4 (Isoform 2) (PubMed:19641227). Interacts with ZRSR2 (PubMed:9237760). Interacts with the SF3B complex composed of SF3B1, SF3B2, SF3B3, SF3B4, SF3B5, SF3B6 and PHF5A (PubMed:27720643). Interacts (via N-terminus) with CPSF7 (via C-terminus); this interaction stimulates pre-mRNA 3'-end processing by promoting the recruitment of the CFIm complex to cleavage and polyadenylation signals (PubMed:17024186).PTM Lysyl-hydroxylation at Lys-15 and Lys-276 affects the mRNA splicing activity of the protein, leading to regulate some, but not all, alternative splicing events.SIMILARITY Belongs to the splicing factor SR family.

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Reactome DB_ID: 72028

UniProt:Q13243 SRSF5

SRSF5

SFRS5SRP40HRSSRSF5FUNCTION Plays a role in constitutive splicing and can modulate the selection of alternative splice sites.SUBUNIT Interacts (via RS domain) with PHF5A (via N-terminus) (By similarity). Found in a pre-mRNA splicing complex with SRSF4/SFRS4, SRSF5/SFRS5, SNRNP70, SNRPA1, SRRM1 and SRRM2.PTM Extensively phosphorylated on serine residues in the RS domain.SIMILARITY Belongs to the splicing factor SR family.

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272

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Reactome DB_ID: 72035

UniProt:P84103 SRSF3

SRSF3

SRP20SRSF3SFRS3FUNCTION Splicing factor that specifically promotes exon-inclusion during alternative splicing (PubMed:26876937). Interaction with YTHDC1, a RNA-binding protein that recognizes and binds N6-methyladenosine (m6A)-containing RNAs, promotes recruitment of SRSF3 to its mRNA-binding elements adjacent to m6A sites, leading to exon-inclusion during alternative splicing (PubMed:26876937). Also functions as export adapter involved in mRNA nuclear export (PubMed:11336712, PubMed:18364396, PubMed:28984244). Binds mRNA which is thought to be transferred to the NXF1-NXT1 heterodimer for export (TAP/NXF1 pathway); enhances NXF1-NXT1 RNA-binding activity (PubMed:11336712, PubMed:18364396). Involved in nuclear export of m6A-containing mRNAs via interaction with YTHDC1: interaction with YTHDC1 facilitates m6A-containing mRNA-binding to both SRSF3 and NXF1, promoting mRNA nuclear export (PubMed:28984244). RNA-binding is semi-sequence specific (PubMed:17036044).SUBUNIT Interacts with CPSF6 (PubMed:15169763). Interacts with RBMY1A1 (PubMed:15595951). Interacts with SREK1/SFRS12 (PubMed:10757789). Interacts with NXF1 (PubMed:12667464, PubMed:17036044). Interacts with YTHDC1, leading to recruitment to RNA elements adjacent to m6A sites (PubMed:26876937, PubMed:28984244).PTM Phosphorylated by CLK1, CLK2, CLK3 and CLK4. Extensively phosphorylated on serine residues in the RS domain.SIMILARITY Belongs to the splicing factor SR family.

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Reactome DB_ID: 72024

UniProt:Q08170 SRSF4

SRSF4

SFRS4SRP75SRSF4FUNCTION Plays a role in alternative splice site selection during pre-mRNA splicing. Represses the splicing of MAPT/Tau exon 10.SUBUNIT Found in a pre-mRNA splicing complex with SRSF4/SFRS4, SRSF5/SFRS5, SNRNP70, SNRPA1, SRRM1 and SRRM2. Interacts with PNN.PTM Extensively phosphorylated on serine residues in the RS domain.SIMILARITY Belongs to the splicing factor SR family.

UniProtQ08170

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Reactome DB_ID: 156778

UniProt:Q15287 RNPS1

RNPS1

LDC2RNPS1FUNCTION Part of pre- and post-splicing multiprotein mRNP complexes. Auxiliary component of the splicing-dependent multiprotein exon junction complex (EJC) deposited at splice junction on mRNAs. The EJC is a dynamic structure consisting of core proteins and several peripheral nuclear and cytoplasmic associated factors that join the complex only transiently either during EJC assembly or during subsequent mRNA metabolism. Component of the ASAP and PSAP complexes which bind RNA in a sequence-independent manner and are proposed to be recruited to the EJC prior to or during the splicing process and to regulate specific excision of introns in specific transcription subsets. The ASAP complex can inhibit RNA processing during in vitro splicing reactions. The ASAP complex promotes apoptosis and is disassembled after induction of apoptosis. Enhances the formation of the ATP-dependent A complex of the spliceosome. Involved in both constitutive splicing and, in association with SRP54 and TRA2B/SFRS10, in distinctive modulation of alternative splicing in a substrate-dependent manner. Involved in the splicing modulation of BCL2L1/Bcl-X (and probably other apoptotic genes); specifically inhibits formation of proapoptotic isoforms such as Bcl-X(S); the activity is different from the established EJC assembly and function. Participates in mRNA 3'-end cleavage. Involved in UPF2-dependent nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) of mRNAs containing premature stop codons. Also mediates increase of mRNA abundance and translational efficiency. Binds spliced mRNA 20-25 nt upstream of exon-exon junctions.SUBUNIT Found in mRNA splicing-dependent exon junction complexes (EJC). Found in a post-splicing complex with NXF1, RBM8A, UPF1, UPF2, UPF3A, UPF3B and RNPS1. Component of the heterotrimeric ASAP (apoptosis- and splicing-associated protein) and PSAP complexes consisting of RNPS1, SAP18 and either ACIN1 or PNN, respectively; the ASAP and PSAP complexes probably are formed mutually exclusive. Component of the active spliceosome. Associates with polysomes. Interacts with the cleaved p110 isoform of CDC2L1, CSNK2A1, PNN, SART3, SRP54, SRRM1 and TRA2B/SFRS10.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Ubiquitous.DOMAIN The RRM domain is required for the formation of the ASAP complex.PTM Phosphorylated on one or more of the four Ser/Thr residues (Ser-43, Thr-49, Ser-52 or Ser-53). Ser-53 phosphorylation site is important for splicing and translation stimulation activity in vitro.SIMILARITY Belongs to the splicing factor SR family.

UniProtQ15287

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Reactome DB_ID: 8865911

SRRM1:SRRM2 [nucleoplasm]

SRRM1:SRRM2

SRm160:SRm300

Reactome DB_ID: 8865888

UniProt:Q9UQ35 SRRM2

SRRM2

SRRM2KIAA0324HSPC075SRM300SRL300FUNCTION Required for pre-mRNA splicing as component of the spliceosome.SUBUNIT Component of pre-catalytic, catalytic and post-catalytic spliceosome complexes (PubMed:11991638, PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28076346, PubMed:29361316, PubMed:29360106, PubMed:29301961, PubMed:30705154). Found in a pre-mRNA splicing complex with SFRS4, SFRS5, SNRP70, SNRPA1, SRRM1 and SRRM2 (PubMed:9531537).TISSUE SPECIFICITY Expressed in liver, placenta, and white blood cells.MISCELLANEOUS Can functionally substitute for CWC12 in yeast.SIMILARITY Belongs to the CWC21 family.

UniProtQ9UQ35

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2752

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Reactome DB_ID: 156781

UniProt:Q8IYB3 SRRM1

SRRM1

SRM160SRRM1FUNCTION Part of pre- and post-splicing multiprotein mRNP complexes. Involved in numerous pre-mRNA processing events. Promotes constitutive and exonic splicing enhancer (ESE)-dependent splicing activation by bridging together sequence-specific (SR family proteins, SFRS4, SFRS5 and TRA2B/SFRS10) and basal snRNP (SNRP70 and SNRPA1) factors of the spliceosome. Stimulates mRNA 3'-end cleavage independently of the formation of an exon junction complex. Binds both pre-mRNA and spliced mRNA 20-25 nt upstream of exon-exon junctions. Binds RNA and DNA with low sequence specificity and has similar preference for either double- or single-stranded nucleic acid substrates.SUBUNIT Identified in the spliceosome C complex. Found in a pre-mRNA splicing complex with SFRS4, SFRS5, SNRP70, SNRPA1, SRRM1 and SRRM2. Found in a pre-mRNA exonic splicing enhancer (ESE) complex with SNRP70, SNRPA1, SRRM1 and TRA2B/SFRS10. Found in a mRNA splicing-dependent exon junction complex (EJC) with DEK, PRPF8, NCBP1, RBM8A, RNPS1, SRRM1 and ALYREF/THOC4. Interacts with BAT1, CPSF1, RBM8A, RNPS1, and ALYREF/THOC4. Seems to be a compound of RNA export complexes that are released from speckles in a ATP-dependent manner.PTM Phosphorylated on multiple serine and threonine residues by DYRK3 during the G2-to-M transition, after the nuclear-envelope breakdown (PubMed:29973724). Phosphorylation by DYRK3 promotes disassembly of nuclear speckles (PubMed:29973724).PTM Citrullinated by PADI4.SIMILARITY Belongs to the splicing factor SR family.

UniProtQ8IYB3

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904

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Reactome Database ID Release 748865911Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8865911ReactomeR-HSA-8865911

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8865911.2

Reactome DB_ID: 71927

UniProt:P09651 HNRNPA1

HNRNPA1

HNRPA1HNRNPA1FUNCTION Involved in the packaging of pre-mRNA into hnRNP particles, transport of poly(A) mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and may modulate splice site selection (PubMed:17371836). May bind to specific miRNA hairpins (PubMed:28431233). Binds to the IRES and thereby inhibits the translation of the apoptosis protease activating factor APAF1 (PubMed:31498791).FUNCTION (Microbial infection) May play a role in HCV RNA replication.FUNCTION (Microbial infection) Cleavage by Enterovirus 71 protease 3C results in increased translation of apoptosis protease activating factor APAF1, leading to apoptosis.SUBUNIT Identified in the spliceosome C complex (PubMed:11991638). Identified in a IGF2BP1-dependent mRNP granule complex containing untranslated mRNAs (PubMed:17289661). Interacts with SEPT6 (PubMed:17229681). Interacts with C9orf72 (PubMed:24549040). Interacts with KHDRBS1 (PubMed:17371836). Interacts with UBQLN2 (PubMed:25616961).SUBUNIT (Microbial infection) Interacts with HCV NS5B and with the 5'-UTR and 3'-UTR of HCV RNA.SUBUNIT (Microbial infection) May interact with SARS-CoV Nucleoprotein.PTM Arg-194, Arg-206 and Arg-225 are dimethylated, probably to asymmetric dimethylarginine.PTM Sumoylated.CAUTION Variant Val-314 has been originally associated with IBMPFD3 and variant Asn-314 with ALS20 (PubMed:25616961). However in another report, variant Val-314 is associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) but this variant is not supported by clinical data in this publication (PubMed:25616961).

UniProtP09651

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372

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Reactome DB_ID: 77506

U4:U5:U6 tri-snRNP complex [nucleoplasm]

U4:U5:U6 tri-snRNP complex

Reactome DB_ID: 4615999

UniProt:O43290 SART1

SART1

SART1FUNCTION Plays a role in mRNA splicing as a component of the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP, one of the building blocks of the spliceosome. May also bind to DNA.SUBUNIT Identified in the spliceosome C complex. Component of the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex composed of the U4, U6 and U5 snRNAs and at least PRPF3, PRPF4, PRPF6, PRPF8, PRPF31, SNRNP200, TXNL4A, SNRNP40, DDX23, CD2BP2, PPIH, SNU13, EFTUD2, SART1 and USP39.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Ubiquitously expressed.PTM Sumoylated with SUMO2.ALLERGEN Causes an allergic reaction in human. Binds to IgE from atopic dermatitis (AD) patients. Identified as an IgE autoantigen in atopic dermatitis (AD) patients with severe skin manifestations.SIMILARITY Belongs to the SNU66/SART1 family.

UniProtO43290

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800

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Reactome DB_ID: 71981

U5 snRNP [nucleoplasm]

U5 snRNP

Reactome DB_ID: 71875

UniProt:P83876 TXNL4A

TXNL4A

DIM1TXNL4TXNL4AFUNCTION Plays role in pre-mRNA splicing as component of the U5 snRNP and U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complexes that are involved in spliceosome assembly, and as component of the precatalytic spliceosome (spliceosome B complex).SUBUNIT Component of the precatalytic spliceosome (spliceosome B complex) (PubMed:28781166). Component of the U5 snRNP complex (PubMed:10610776). Component of the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex (PubMed:26912367). The U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex is a building block of the precatalytic spliceosome (spliceosome B complex) (PubMed:26912367, PubMed:28781166). The U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex is composed of the U4, U6 and U5 snRNAs and at least PRPF3, PRPF4, PRPF6, PRPF8, PRPF31, SNRNP200, TXNL4A, SNRNP40, SNRPB, SNRPD1, SNRPD2, SNRPD3, SNRPE, SNRPF, SNRPG, DDX23, CD2BP2, PPIH, SNU13, EFTUD2, SART1 and USP39, plus LSM2, LSM3, LSM4, LSM5, LSM6, LSM7 and LSM8 (PubMed:16723661, PubMed:26912367, PubMed:28781166). Directly interacts with CD2BP2 (PubMed:17467737, PubMed:24781215). Interacts with HNRPF, HNRPH2, NEDD9 and PQBP1 (PubMed:11054566). Interacts with ERBB4 (PubMed:20858735).PTM The disulfide bond seen in structures determined by X-ray crystallography (PubMed:10610776) and NMR (PubMed:12911302) is not essential for protein folding and function (PubMed:12911302 and PubMed:17467737).SIMILARITY Belongs to the DIM1 family.

UniProtP83876

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142

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Reactome DB_ID: 71894

UniProt:Q9Y333 LSM2

LSM2

G7BC6orf28LSM2FUNCTION Plays role in pre-mRNA splicing as component of the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex that is involved in spliceosome assembly, and as component of the precatalytic spliceosome (spliceosome B complex) (PubMed:28781166). The heptameric LSM2-8 complex binds specifically to the 3'-terminal U-tract of U6 snRNA (PubMed:10523320).SUBUNIT Component of the precatalytic spliceosome (spliceosome B complex) (PubMed:11991638, PubMed:28781166). Component of the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex, a building block of the precatalytic spliceosome (spliceosome B complex) (PubMed:10523320, PubMed:28781166, PubMed:26912367). The U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex is composed of the U4, U6 and U5 snRNAs and at least PRPF3, PRPF4, PRPF6, PRPF8, PRPF31, SNRNP200, TXNL4A, SNRNP40, SNRPB, SNRPD1, SNRPD2, SNRPD3, SNRPE, SNRPF, SNRPG, DDX23, CD2BP2, PPIH, SNU13, EFTUD2, SART1 and USP39, plus LSM2, LSM3, LSM4, LSM5, LSM6, LSM7 and LSM8 (PubMed:26912367). LSM2, LSM3, LSM4, LSM5, LSM6, LSM7 and LSM8 form a heptameric, ring-shaped subcomplex (the LSM2-8 complex) that is part of the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex and the precatalytic spliceosome (PubMed:10523320, PubMed:26912367, PubMed:28781166).SIMILARITY Belongs to the snRNP Sm proteins family.

UniProtQ9Y333

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 71877

UniProt:Q96DI7 SNRNP40

SNRNP40

SFP38SNRNP40PRP8BPWDR57FUNCTION Required for pre-mRNA splicing as component of the activated spliceosome (PubMed:11991638, PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28781166, PubMed:28076346, PubMed:30315277, PubMed:29360106, PubMed:29301961, PubMed:30705154). Component of the U5 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) complex and the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex, building blocks of the spliceosome (PubMed:9774689, PubMed:16723661, PubMed:26912367).SUBUNIT Component of the pre-catalytic and catalytic spliceosome complexes (PubMed:9731529, PubMed:11991638, PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28781166, PubMed:28076346, PubMed:30315277, PubMed:29360106, PubMed:29301961). Component of the postcatalytic spliceosome P complex (PubMed:30705154). Part of the U5 snRNP complex. Interacts with PRPF8. Component of the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex composed of the U4, U6 and U5 snRNAs and at least PRPF3, PRPF4, PRPF6, PRPF8, PRPF31, SNRNP200, TXNL4A, WDR57, SNRNP40, DDX23, CD2BP2, PPIH, SNU13, EFTUD2, SART1 and USP39 (PubMed:16723661).

UniProtQ96DI7

EQUAL

357

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 71887

UniProt:P55769 SNU13

SNU13

NHP2L1SNU13FUNCTION Involved in pre-mRNA splicing as component of the spliceosome (PubMed:28781166). Binds to the 5'-stem-loop of U4 snRNA and thereby contributes to spliceosome assembly (PubMed:10545122, PubMed:17412961). The protein undergoes a conformational change upon RNA-binding (PubMed:17412961).SUBUNIT Identified in the spliceosome B complex (PubMed:28781166). Component of the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex composed of the U4, U6 and U5 snRNAs and at least PRPF3, PRPF4, PRPF6, PRPF8, PRPF31, SNRNP200, TXNL4A, WDR57, SNRNP40, DDX23, CD2BP2, PPIH, NHP2L1, EFTUD2, SART1 and USP39 (PubMed:16723661, PubMed:26912367). Interacts with RAD17 and PRPF31 (PubMed:10593953, PubMed:17412961, PubMed:21784869). The complex formed by SNU13 and PRPF31 binds U4 snRNA (PubMed:17412961). The complex formed by SNU13 and PRPF31 binds also U4atac snRNA, a characteristic component of specific, less abundant spliceosomal complexes (PubMed:21784869).TISSUE SPECIFICITY Ubiquitous.SIMILARITY Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL8 family.

UniProtP55769

EQUAL

128

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 83810

UniProt:Q6P2Q9 PRPF8

PRPF8

PRPF8PRPC8FUNCTION Plays role in pre-mRNA splicing as core component of precatalytic, catalytic and postcatalytic spliceosomal complexes, both of the predominant U2-type spliceosome and the minor U12-type spliceosome (PubMed:10411133, PubMed:11971955, PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28781166, PubMed:28076346, PubMed:29361316, PubMed:30315277, PubMed:29360106, PubMed:29301961, PubMed:30728453, PubMed:30705154). Functions as a scaffold that mediates the ordered assembly of spliceosomal proteins and snRNAs. Required for the assembly of the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex, a building block of the spliceosome. Functions as scaffold that positions spliceosomal U2, U5 and U6 snRNAs at splice sites on pre-mRNA substrates, so that splicing can occur. Interacts with both the 5' and the 3' splice site.SUBUNIT Part of the U5 snRNP complex (PubMed:2532307, PubMed:2527369). Component of the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex composed of the U4, U6 and U5 snRNAs and at least PRPF3, PRPF4, PRPF6, PRPF8, PRPF31, SNRNP200, TXNL4A, SNRNP40, DDX23, CD2BP2, PPIH, SNU13, EFTUD2, SART1 and USP39 (PubMed:2479028, PubMed:16723661, PubMed:26912367). Component of the U5.U4atac/U6atac snRNP complexes in U12-dependent spliceosomes (PubMed:11971955). Core component of U2-type precatalytic, catalytic and postcatalytic spliceosomal complexes (PubMed:10411133, PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28781166, PubMed:28076346, PubMed:29361316, PubMed:30315277, PubMed:29360106, PubMed:29301961, PubMed:30728453, PubMed:30705154). Found in a mRNA splicing-dependent exon junction complex (EJC) with SRRM1. Interacts with U5 snRNP proteins SNRP116 and SNRNP40. Interacts with EFTUD2 and SNRNP200. Interacts (via the MPN (JAB/Mov34) domain) with PRPF3 ('Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitinated); may stabilize the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex. Interacts (via RNase H homology domain) with AAR2 (PubMed:26527271). Interacts with RPAP3 and URI1 in a ZNHIT2-dependent manner (PubMed:28561026).TISSUE SPECIFICITY Widely expressed.DOMAIN The MPN (JAB/Mov34) domain has structural similarity with deubiquitinating enzymes, but lacks the residues that would bind the catalytic metal ion.DOMAIN Contains a region with structural similarity to reverse transcripase, presenting the classical thumb, fingers and palm architecture, but lacks enzyme activity, since the essential metal-binding residues are not conserved.DOMAIN Contains a region with structural similarity to type-2 restriction endonucleases, but the residues that would bind catalytic metal ions in endonucleases are instead involved in hydrogen bonds that stabilize the protein structure.DOMAIN Contains a region with structural similarity to RNase H, but lacks RNase H activity.

UniProtQ6P2Q9

EQUAL

2335

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 71879

UniProt:Q9BUQ8 DDX23

DDX23

DDX23FUNCTION Involved in pre-mRNA splicing and its phosphorylated form (by SRPK2) is required for spliceosomal B complex formation (PubMed:18425142). Independently of its spliceosome formation function, required for the suppression of incorrect R-loops formed during transcription; R-loops are composed of a DNA:RNA hybrid and the associated non-template single-stranded DNA (PubMed:28076779).SUBUNIT The phosphorylated form (by SRPK2) is a component of the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex composed of the U4, U6 and U5 snRNAs and at least PRPF3, PRPF4, PRPF6, PRPF8, PRPF31, SNRNP200, TXNL4A, WDR57, SNRNP40, DDX23, CD2BP2, PPIH, SNU13, EFTUD2, SART1 and USP39 (PubMed:16723661, PubMed:9409622). Identified in the spliceosome C complex (PubMed:11991638). Interacts with ERBB4 (PubMed:20858735). Interacts with ERCC6 (PubMed:26030138).PTM In vitro phosphorylated by CLK1 and U1 snRNP-associated protein kinase (PubMed:9409622). Phosphorylated by SRPK2 and this phosphorylation is required for its association with the tri-snRNP (U4/U6-U5 tri-small nuclear ribonucleoproteins) and subsequent spliceosomal B complex formation (PubMed:18425142). May be phosphorylated by SRPK2 on Ser residues in the SR domain; the phosphorylation is required for the removal of inappropriate R-loops during transcription (PubMed:28076779).SIMILARITY Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DDX23/PRP28 subfamily.

UniProtQ9BUQ8

EQUAL

820

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 71874

EMBL:X04293 U5 snRNA

U5 snRNA

EMBLX04293

Reactome DB_ID: 71885

UniProt:O75643 SNRNP200

SNRNP200

ASCC3L1KIAA0788HELIC2SNRNP200FUNCTION Plays role in pre-mRNA splicing as core component of precatalytic, catalytic and postcatalytic spliceosomal complexes (PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28781166, PubMed:29361316, PubMed:30315277, PubMed:29360106, PubMed:29301961, PubMed:30728453, PubMed:30705154). Involved in spliceosome assembly, activation and disassembly. Mediates changes in the dynamic network of RNA-RNA interactions in the spliceosome. Catalyzes the ATP-dependent unwinding of U4/U6 RNA duplices, an essential step in the assembly of a catalytically active spliceosome.SUBUNIT Component of a core complex containing at least PRPF8, SNRNP200, EFTUD2 and SNRNP40. Component of the U5 snRNP and U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complexes, building blocks of the spliceosome. Component of the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex composed of the U4, U6 and U5 snRNAs and at least PRPF3, PRPF4, PRPF6, PRPF8, PRPF31, SNRNP200, TXNL4A, SNRNP40, DDX23, CD2BP2, PPIH, SNU13, EFTUD2, SART1 and USP39 (PubMed:16723661, PubMed:8670905, PubMed:26912367). Component of precatalytic, catalytic and postcatalytic spliceosomal complexes (PubMed:11991638, PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28781166, PubMed:29361316, PubMed:30315277, PubMed:29360106, PubMed:29301961, PubMed:30728453, PubMed:30705154).TISSUE SPECIFICITY Widely expressed.DOMAIN Contains two helicase domains. The N-terminal helicase domain has catalytic activity by itself, contrary to the C-terminal helicase domain that may have a regulatory role and enhance the activity of the first helicase domain.SIMILARITY Belongs to the helicase family. SKI2 subfamily.

UniProtO75643

EQUAL

2136

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 71881

UniProt:O94906 PRPF6

PRPF6

PRPF6C20orf14FUNCTION Involved in pre-mRNA splicing as component of the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex, one of the building blocks of the spliceosome (PubMed:28781166, PubMed:21549338). Enhances dihydrotestosterone-induced transactivation activity of AR, as well as dexamethasone-induced transactivation activity of NR3C1, but does not affect estrogen-induced transactivation.SUBUNIT Identified in the spliceosome B complex (PubMed:28781166). Identified in the spliceosome C complex (PubMed:11991638). Associates with the U5 snRNP particle (PubMed:10788320). Component of the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex composed of the U4, U6 and U5 snRNAs and at least PRPF3, PRPF4, PRPF6, PRPF8, PRPF31, SNRNP200, TXNL4A, SNRNP40, DDX23, CD2BP2, PPIH, SNU13, EFTUD2, SART1 and USP39, LSm proteins LSm2-8 and Sm proteins (PubMed:16723661, PubMed:26912367, PubMed:28781166). Interacts with ARAF1 (PubMed:10848612). Interacts with AR and NR3C1, but not ESR1, independently of the presence of hormones (PubMed:12039962).TISSUE SPECIFICITY Widely expressed.

UniProtO94906

EQUAL

941

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 71883

UniProt:Q15029 EFTUD2

EFTUD2

EFTUD2KIAA0031SNRP116FUNCTION Required for pre-mRNA splicing as component of the spliceosome, including pre-catalytic, catalytic and post-catalytic spliceosomal complexes (PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28781166, PubMed:28076346, PubMed:29361316, PubMed:30315277, PubMed:29360106, PubMed:29301961, PubMed:30705154). Component of the U5 snRNP and the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex, a building block of the spliceosome (PubMed:16723661).SUBUNIT Component of the U5 snRNP and the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex, a building block of the spliceosome (PubMed:26912367, PubMed:16723661). The U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex is composed of the U4, U6 and U5 snRNAs and at least PRPF3, PRPF4, PRPF6, PRPF8, PRPF31, SNRNP200, TXNL4A, SNRNP40, DDX23, CD2BP2, PPIH, SNU13, EFTUD2, SART1 and USP39 (PubMed:16723661, PubMed:26912367). Component of the pre-catalytic, catalytic and post-catalytic spliceosome complexes (PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28781166, PubMed:28076346, PubMed:29361316, PubMed:30315277, PubMed:29360106, PubMed:29301961, PubMed:30705154). Interacts with ERBB4 and PRPF8. Interacts with PIH1D1 (PubMed:24656813). Interacts with RPAP3 and URI1 in a ZNHIT2-dependent manner (PubMed:28561026).SIMILARITY Belongs to the TRAFAC class translation factor GTPase superfamily. Classic translation factor GTPase family. EF-G/EF-2 subfamily.

UniProtQ15029

EQUAL

972

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 71910

snRNP Sm core complex [nucleoplasm]

snRNP Sm core complex

Reactome DB_ID: 71901

EQUAL

118

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 71905

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 71909

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 71907

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 192219

monomethylated residue at unknown position

EQUAL

126

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 192213

UniProt:P14678 SNRPB

SNRPB

CODSNRPB1SNRPBFUNCTION Plays role in pre-mRNA splicing as core component of the SMN-Sm complex that mediates spliceosomal snRNP assembly and as component of the spliceosomal U1, U2, U4 and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), the building blocks of the spliceosome (PubMed:11991638, PubMed:18984161, PubMed:19325628, PubMed:25555158, PubMed:26912367, PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28781166, PubMed:28076346). Component of both the pre-catalytic spliceosome B complex and activated spliceosome C complexes (PubMed:11991638, PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28781166, PubMed:28076346). Is also a component of the minor U12 spliceosome (PubMed:15146077). As part of the U7 snRNP it is involved in histone pre-mRNA 3'-end processing (PubMed:12975319).SUBUNIT Core component of the spliceosomal U1, U2, U4 and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), the building blocks of the spliceosome (PubMed:11991638, PubMed:10025403, PubMed:19325628, PubMed:21516107, PubMed:25555158, PubMed:26912367, PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28781166, PubMed:28076346). Most spliceosomal snRNPs contain a common set of Sm proteins, SNRPB, SNRPD1, SNRPD2, SNRPD3, SNRPE, SNRPF and SNRPG that assemble in a heptameric protein ring on the Sm site of the small nuclear RNA to form the core snRNP (PubMed:10025403, PubMed:19325628, PubMed:21516107, PubMed:25555158, PubMed:26912367, PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28781166, PubMed:28076346). Component of the U1 snRNP (PubMed:19325628, PubMed:25555158). The U1 snRNP is composed of the U1 snRNA and the 7 core Sm proteins SNRPB, SNRPD1, SNRPD2, SNRPD3, SNRPE, SNRPF and SNRPG, and at least three U1 snRNP-specific proteins SNRNP70/U1-70K, SNRPA/U1-A and SNRPC/U1-C (PubMed:19325628, PubMed:25555158). Component of the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex composed of the U4, U6 and U5 snRNAs and at least PRPF3, PRPF4, PRPF6, PRPF8, PRPF31, SNRNP200, TXNL4A, SNRNP40, SNRPB, SNRPD1, SNRPD2, SNRPD3, SNRPE, SNRPF, SNRPG, DDX23, CD2BP2, PPIH, SNU13, EFTUD2, SART1 and USP39, plus LSM2, LSM3, LSM4, LSM5, LSM6, LSM7 and LSM8 (PubMed:26912367). Component of the U7 snRNP complex, or U7 Sm protein core complex, that is composed of the U7 snRNA and at least LSM10, LSM11, SNRPB, SNRPD3, SNRPE, SNRPF and SNRPG; the complex does not contain SNRPD1 and SNRPD2 (PubMed:11574479, PubMed:12975319). Component of the U11/U12 snRNPs that are part of the U12-type spliceosome (PubMed:15146077). Part of the SMN-Sm complex that contains SMN1, GEMIN2/SIP1, DDX20/GEMIN3, GEMIN4, GEMIN5, GEMIN6, GEMIN7, GEMIN8, STRAP/UNRIP and the Sm proteins SNRPB, SNRPD1, SNRPD2, SNRPD3, SNRPE, SNRPF and SNRPG; catalyzes core snRNPs assembly (PubMed:12095920, PubMed:18984161). Forms a 6S pICln-Sm complex composed of CLNS1A/pICln, SNRPD1, SNRPD2, SNRPE, SNRPF and SNRPG; ring-like structure where CLNS1A/pICln mimics additional Sm proteins and which is unable to assemble into the core snRNP (PubMed:18984161). Identified in a histone pre-mRNA complex, at least composed of ERI1, LSM11, SLBP, SNRPB, SYNCRIP and YBX1 (By similarity). Interacts with TDRD3 and SNUPN (PubMed:12095920, PubMed:15955813). Interacts with PRMT5; interaction leads to its symmetric arginine dimethylation (By similarity). Interacts with TDRD6; interaction promotes assiociation with PRMT5 (By similarity).PTM Methylated by PRMT5 (By similarity). Arg-108 and Arg-112 are dimethylated, probably to asymmetric dimethylarginine (PubMed:16087681, Ref.10).MISCELLANEOUS Patients with the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have autoantibodies directed against some of the individual snRNP polypeptides. The most common autoantigen is called Sm. B/b' bear Sm epitopes.SIMILARITY Belongs to the snRNP SmB/SmN family.

symmetric dimethyl-L-arginine at 108

108

EQUAL

symmetric dimethyl-L-arginine

symmetric dimethyl-L-arginine at 112

112

EQUAL

240

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 192215

monomethylated residue at unknown position

EQUAL

119

EQUAL

Reactome Database ID Release 7471910Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=71910ReactomeR-HSA-71910

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-71910.3Reactome Database ID Release 7471981Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=71981ReactomeR-HSA-71981

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-71981.1

Reactome DB_ID: 6806793

UniProt:Q53GS9 USP39

USP39

PRO2855CGI-21USP39HSPC332FUNCTION Plays a role in pre-mRNA splicing as a component of the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP, one of the building blocks of the precatalytic spliceosome (PubMed:11350945, PubMed:26912367). Regulates AURKB mRNA levels, and thereby plays a role in cytokinesis and in the spindle checkpoint. Does not have ubiquitin-specific peptidase activity (PubMed:18728397).SUBUNIT The U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex is a building block of the precatalytic spliceosome (spliceosome B complex) (PubMed:11350945, PubMed:26912367). Component of the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex composed of the U4, U6 and U5 snRNAs and at least PRPF3, PRPF4, PRPF6, PRPF8, PRPF31, SNRNP200, TXNL4A, SNRNP40, SNRPB, SNRPD1, SNRPD2, SNRPD3, SNRPE, SNRPF, SNRPG, DDX23, CD2BP2, PPIH, SNU13, EFTUD2, SART1 and USP39, plus LSM2, LSM3, LSM4, LSM5, LSM6, LSM7 and LSM8 (PubMed:16723661, PubMed:26912367).SIMILARITY Belongs to the peptidase C19 family.CAUTION Lacks the conserved His and Cys residues that are essential for the activity of de-ubiquitinating enzymes. Lacks ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase activity (PubMed:18728397).

UniProtQ53GS9

EQUAL

565

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 71983

U4 snRNP:U6 snRNP complex [nucleoplasm]

U4 snRNP:U6 snRNP complex

Reactome DB_ID: 71982

U6 snRNP [nucleoplasm]

U6 snRNP

Reactome DB_ID: 6806791

LSM2-8 complex [nucleoplasm]

LSM2-8 complex

LSM2:LSM3:LSM4:LSM5:LSM6:LSM7:LSM8

Reactome DB_ID: 6806779

UniProt:O95777 LSM8

LSM8

LSM8FUNCTION Plays role in pre-mRNA splicing as component of the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex that is involved in spliceosome assembly, and as component of the precatalytic spliceosome (spliceosome B complex) (PubMed:28781166). The heptameric LSM2-8 complex binds specifically to the 3'-terminal U-tract of U6 snRNA (PubMed:10523320).SUBUNIT Component of the precatalytic spliceosome (spliceosome B complex) (PubMed:28781166). Component of the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex, a building block of the precatalytic spliceosome (spliceosome B complex) (PubMed:10523320, PubMed:28781166, PubMed:26912367). The U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex is composed of the U4, U6 and U5 snRNAs and at least PRPF3, PRPF4, PRPF6, PRPF8, PRPF31, SNRNP200, TXNL4A, SNRNP40, SNRPB, SNRPD1, SNRPD2, SNRPD3, SNRPE, SNRPF, SNRPG, DDX23, CD2BP2, PPIH, SNU13, EFTUD2, SART1 and USP39, plus LSM2, LSM3, LSM4, LSM5, LSM6, LSM7 and LSM8 (PubMed:26912367). LSM2, LSM3, LSM4, LSM5, LSM6, LSM7 and LSM8 form a heptameric, ring-shaped subcomplex (the LSM2-8 complex) that is part of the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex and the precatalytic spliceosome (PubMed:10523320, PubMed:26912367, PubMed:28781166).SIMILARITY Belongs to the snRNP Sm proteins family.

UniProtO95777

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 6806795

UniProt:Q9Y4Y9 LSM5

LSM5

LSM5FUNCTION Plays role in pre-mRNA splicing as component of the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex that is involved in spliceosome assembly, and as component of the precatalytic spliceosome (spliceosome B complex) (PubMed:28781166). The heptameric LSM2-8 complex binds specifically to the 3'-terminal U-tract of U6 snRNA (PubMed:10523320).SUBUNIT Component of the precatalytic spliceosome (spliceosome B complex) (PubMed:28781166). Component of the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex, a building block of the precatalytic spliceosome (spliceosome B complex) (PubMed:10523320, PubMed:28781166, PubMed:26912367). The U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex is composed of the U4, U6 and U5 snRNAs and at least PRPF3, PRPF4, PRPF6, PRPF8, PRPF31, SNRNP200, TXNL4A, SNRNP40, SNRPB, SNRPD1, SNRPD2, SNRPD3, SNRPE, SNRPF, SNRPG, DDX23, CD2BP2, PPIH, SNU13, EFTUD2, SART1 and USP39, plus LSM2, LSM3, LSM4, LSM5, LSM6, LSM7 and LSM8 (PubMed:26912367). LSM2, LSM3, LSM4, LSM5, LSM6, LSM7 and LSM8 form a heptameric, ring-shaped subcomplex (the LSM2-8 complex) that is part of the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex and the precatalytic spliceosome (PubMed:10523320, PubMed:26912367, PubMed:28781166).SIMILARITY Belongs to the snRNP Sm proteins family.

UniProtQ9Y4Y9

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 6806794

UniProt:P62312 LSM6

LSM6

LSM6FUNCTION Plays role in pre-mRNA splicing as component of the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex that is involved in spliceosome assembly, and as component of the precatalytic spliceosome (spliceosome B complex) (PubMed:28781166). The heptameric LSM2-8 complex binds specifically to the 3'-terminal U-tract of U6 snRNA (PubMed:10523320). Component of LSm protein complexes, which are involved in RNA processing and may function in a chaperone-like manner, facilitating the efficient association of RNA processing factors with their substrates. Component of the cytoplasmic LSM1-LSM7 complex, which is thought to be involved in mRNA degradation by activating the decapping step in the 5'-to-3' mRNA decay pathway (Probable).SUBUNIT Component of the precatalytic spliceosome (spliceosome B complex) (PubMed:28781166). Component of the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex, a building block of the precatalytic spliceosome (spliceosome B complex) (PubMed:10523320, PubMed:28781166, PubMed:26912367). The U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex is composed of the U4, U6 and U5 snRNAs and at least PRPF3, PRPF4, PRPF6, PRPF8, PRPF31, SNRNP200, TXNL4A, SNRNP40, SNRPB, SNRPD1, SNRPD2, SNRPD3, SNRPE, SNRPF, SNRPG, DDX23, CD2BP2, PPIH, SNU13, EFTUD2, SART1 and USP39, plus LSM2, LSM3, LSM4, LSM5, LSM6, LSM7 and LSM8 (PubMed:26912367). LSM2, LSM3, LSM4, LSM5, LSM6, LSM7 and LSM8 form a heptameric, ring-shaped subcomplex (the LSM2-8 complex) that is part of the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex and the precatalytic spliceosome (PubMed:10523320, PubMed:26912367, PubMed:28781166). Component of the heptameric LSM1-LSM7 complex, which consists of LSM1, LSM2, LSM3, LSM4, LSM5, LSM6 and LSM7 (PubMed:12515382).SIMILARITY Belongs to the snRNP Sm proteins family. SmF/LSm6 subfamily.

UniProtP62312

EQUAL

Reactome DB_ID: 6806802

UniProt:Q9UK45 LSM7

LSM7

LSM7FUNCTION Plays role in pre-mRNA splicing as component of the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex that is involved in spliceosome assembly, and as component of the precatalytic spliceosome (spliceosome B complex) (PubMed:28781166). The heptameric LSM2-8 complex binds specifically to the 3'-terminal U-tract of U6 snRNA (PubMed:10523320).SUBUNIT Component of the precatalytic spliceosome (spliceosome B complex) (PubMed:28781166). Component of the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex, a building block of the precatalytic spliceosome (spliceosome B complex) (PubMed:10523320, PubMed:28781166, PubMed:26912367). The U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex is composed of the U4, U6 and U5 snRNAs and at least PRPF3, PRPF4, PRPF6, PRPF8, PRPF31, SNRNP200, TXNL4A, SNRNP40, SNRPB, SNRPD1, SNRPD2, SNRPD3, SNRPE, SNRPF, SNRPG, DDX23, CD2BP2, PPIH, SNU13, EFTUD2, SART1 and USP39, plus LSM2, LSM3, LSM4, LSM5, LSM6, LSM7 and LSM8 (PubMed:26912367). LSM2, LSM3, LSM4, LSM5, LSM6, LSM7 and LSM8 form a heptameric, ring-shaped subcomplex (the LSM2-8 complex) that is part of the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex and the precatalytic spliceosome (PubMed:10523320, PubMed:26912367, PubMed:28781166). Interacts with TACC1 (PubMed:12165861).SIMILARITY Belongs to the snRNP Sm proteins family.

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Reactome DB_ID: 6806807

UniProt:P62310 LSM3

LSM3

MDS017LSM3FUNCTION Plays role in pre-mRNA splicing as component of the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex that is involved in spliceosome assembly, and as component of the precatalytic spliceosome (spliceosome B complex) (PubMed:28781166). The heptameric LSM2-8 complex binds specifically to the 3'-terminal U-tract of U6 snRNA (PubMed:10523320).SUBUNIT Component of the precatalytic spliceosome (spliceosome B complex) (PubMed:11991638, PubMed:28781166). Component of the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex, a building block of the precatalytic spliceosome (spliceosome B complex) (PubMed:10523320, PubMed:28781166, PubMed:26912367). The U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex is composed of the U4, U6 and U5 snRNAs and at least PRPF3, PRPF4, PRPF6, PRPF8, PRPF31, SNRNP200, TXNL4A, SNRNP40, SNRPB, SNRPD1, SNRPD2, SNRPD3, SNRPE, SNRPF, SNRPG, DDX23, CD2BP2, PPIH, SNU13, EFTUD2, SART1 and USP39, plus LSM2, LSM3, LSM4, LSM5, LSM6, LSM7 and LSM8 (PubMed:26912367). LSM2, LSM3, LSM4, LSM5, LSM6, LSM7 and LSM8 form a heptameric, ring-shaped subcomplex (the LSM2-8 complex) that is part of the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex and the precatalytic spliceosome (PubMed:10523320, PubMed:26912367, PubMed:28781166).SIMILARITY Belongs to the snRNP Sm proteins family.

UniProtP62310

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Reactome DB_ID: 71894

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Reactome DB_ID: 6806804

UniProt:Q9Y4Z0 LSM4

LSM4

LSM4FUNCTION Plays role in pre-mRNA splicing as component of the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex that is involved in spliceosome assembly, and as component of the precatalytic spliceosome (spliceosome B complex) (PubMed:28781166). The heptameric LSM2-8 complex binds specifically to the 3'-terminal U-tract of U6 snRNA (PubMed:10523320).SUBUNIT Component of the precatalytic spliceosome (spliceosome B complex) (PubMed:28781166). Component of the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex, a building block of the precatalytic spliceosome (spliceosome B complex) (PubMed:10523320, PubMed:28781166, PubMed:26912367). The U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex is composed of the U4, U6 and U5 snRNAs and at least PRPF3, PRPF4, PRPF6, PRPF8, PRPF31, SNRNP200, TXNL4A, SNRNP40, SNRPB, SNRPD1, SNRPD2, SNRPD3, SNRPE, SNRPF, SNRPG, DDX23, CD2BP2, PPIH, SNU13, EFTUD2, SART1 and USP39, plus LSM2, LSM3, LSM4, LSM5, LSM6, LSM7 and LSM8 (PubMed:26912367). LSM2, LSM3, LSM4, LSM5, LSM6, LSM7 and LSM8 form a heptameric, ring-shaped subcomplex (the LSM2-8 complex) that is part of the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex and the precatalytic spliceosome (PubMed:10523320, PubMed:26912367, PubMed:28781166).SIMILARITY Belongs to the snRNP Sm proteins family.

UniProtQ9Y4Z0

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139

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Reactome Database ID Release 746806791Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6806791ReactomeR-HSA-6806791

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6806791.1

Reactome DB_ID: 71892

EMBL:X59362 U6 snRNA

U6 snRNA

EMBLX59362Reactome Database ID Release 7471982Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=71982ReactomeR-HSA-71982

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-71982.2

Reactome DB_ID: 71891

U4 snRNP [nucleoplasm]

U4 snRNP

Reactome DB_ID: 71888

EMBL:X59361 U4 snRNA

U4 snRNA

EMBLX59361

Reactome DB_ID: 6806775

PPIH:PRPF4:PRPF3 [nucleoplasm]

PPIH:PRPF4:PRPF3

20K:60K:90K

Reactome DB_ID: 71890

UniProt:O43172 PRPF4

PRPF4

PRPF4PRP4FUNCTION Plays role in pre-mRNA splicing as component of the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex that is involved in spliceosome assembly, and as component of the precatalytic spliceosome (spliceosome B complex).SUBUNIT Component of the precatalytic spliceosome (spliceosome B complex) (PubMed:28781166). Component of the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex, a building block of the precatalytic spliceosome (spliceosome B complex) (PubMed:9257651, PubMed:9404889, PubMed:9328476, PubMed:28781166, PubMed:26912367). The U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex is composed of the U4, U6 and U5 snRNAs and at least PRPF3, PRPF4, PRPF6, PRPF8, PRPF31, SNRNP200, TXNL4A, SNRNP40, SNRPB, SNRPD1, SNRPD2, SNRPD3, SNRPE, SNRPF, SNRPG, DDX23, CD2BP2, PPIH, SNU13, EFTUD2, SART1 and USP39, plus LSM2, LSM3, LSM4, LSM5, LSM6, LSM7 and LSM8 (PubMed:16723661, PubMed:26912367). Interacts directly with PRPF18, PPIH and PRPF3 (PubMed:9404889, PubMed:9328476, PubMed:9000057, PubMed:12875835, PubMed:25383878). Part of a heteromeric complex containing PPIH, PRPF3 and PRPF4 that is stable in the absence of RNA (PubMed:9404889). Interacts with ERCC6 (PubMed:26030138).

UniProtO43172

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Reactome DB_ID: 6806776

UniProt:O43447 PPIH

PPIH

CYP20CYPHPPIHFUNCTION PPIase that catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides and may therefore assist protein folding (PubMed:20676357). Participates in pre-mRNA splicing. May play a role in the assembly of the U4/U5/U6 tri-snRNP complex, one of the building blocks of the spliceosome. May act as a chaperone.ACTIVITY REGULATION Inhibited by cyclosporin A.SUBUNIT Interacts directly with PRPF4. Part of a heteromeric complex containing PPIH, PRPF3 and PRPF4 that is stable in the absence of RNA. Component of the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex composed of the U4, U6 and U5 snRNAs and at least PRPF3, PRPF4, PRPF6, PRPF8, PRPF31, SNRNP200, TXNL4A, SNRNP40, DDX23, CD2BP2, PPIH, SNU13, EFTUD2, SART1 and USP39. Heterodimer with PRPF18.SIMILARITY Belongs to the cyclophilin-type PPIase family. PPIase H subfamily.

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Reactome DB_ID: 6806806

UniProt:O43395 PRPF3

PRPF3

PRP3HPRP3PRPF3FUNCTION Plays role in pre-mRNA splicing as component of the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex that is involved in spliceosome assembly, and as component of the precatalytic spliceosome (spliceosome B complex).SUBUNIT Component of the precatalytic spliceosome (spliceosome B complex) (PubMed:28781166). Component of the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex, a building block of the precatalytic spliceosome (spliceosome B complex) (PubMed:9328476, PubMed:9404889, PubMed:28781166, PubMed:26912367, PubMed:17932117). The U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex is composed of the U4, U6 and U5 snRNAs and at least PRPF3, PRPF4, PRPF6, PRPF8, PRPF31, SNRNP200, TXNL4A, SNRNP40, SNRPB, SNRPD1, SNRPD2, SNRPD3, SNRPE, SNRPF, SNRPG, DDX23, CD2BP2, PPIH, SNU13, EFTUD2, SART1 and USP39, plus LSM2, LSM3, LSM4, LSM5, LSM6, LSM7 and LSM8 (PubMed:16723661, PubMed:26912367). Interacts directly with PRPF4 (PubMed:9328476, PubMed:9404889, PubMed:17932117). Part of a heteromeric complex containing PPIH, PRPF3 and PRPF4 that is stable in the absence of RNA (PubMed:9404889). Interacts with SART3; the interaction is direct and recruits the deubiquitinase USP4 to PRPF3 (PubMed:15314151, PubMed:20595234). Interacts with PRPF19. Interacts ('Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitinated) with PRPF8 (via the MPN (JAB/Mov34) domain); may stabilize the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex (PubMed:20595234). Interacts with ERCC6 (PubMed:26030138).TISSUE SPECIFICITY Highly expressed in retina, liver, kidney and blood. Detected at lower levels in heart and brain.PTM Ubiquitinated. Undergoes 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination by PRPF19 and deubiquitination by USP4. 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitination increases the affinity for PRPF8 and may regulate the assembly of the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex.

UniProtO43395

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683

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Reactome Database ID Release 746806775Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6806775ReactomeR-HSA-6806775

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6806775.1

Reactome DB_ID: 6806772

UniProt:Q8WWY3 PRPF31

PRPF31

PRP31PRPF31FUNCTION Involved in pre-mRNA splicing as component of the spliceosome (PubMed:11867543, PubMed:28781166). Required for the assembly of the U4/U5/U6 tri-snRNP complex, one of the building blocks of the spliceosome (PubMed:11867543).SUBUNIT Identified in the spliceosome B complex (PubMed:28781166). Component of the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex composed of the U4, U6 and U5 snRNAs and at least PRPF3, PRPF4, PRPF6, PRPF8, PRPF31, SNRNP200, TXNL4A, SNRNP40, DDX23, CD2BP2, PPIH, SNU13, EFTUD2, SART1 and USP39 (PubMed:11867543, PubMed:16723661, PubMed:26912367). Interacts with a complex formed by SNU13 and U4 snRNA, but not with SNU13 or U4 snRNA alone (PubMed:17412961, PubMed:21784869). The complex formed by SNU13 and PRPF31 binds also U4atac snRNA, a characteristic component of specific, less abundant spliceosomal complexes (PubMed:21784869). Interacts with PRPF6/U5 snRNP-associated 102 kDa protein (PubMed:11867543, PubMed:17412961, PubMed:26912367). Component of some MLL1/MLL complex, at least composed of the core components KMT2A/MLL1, ASH2L, HCFC1/HCF1, WDR5 and RBBP5, as well as the facultative components BAP18, CHD8, E2F6, HSP70, INO80C, KANSL1, LAS1L, MAX, MCRS1, MGA, KAT8/MOF, PELP1, PHF20, PRP31, RING2, RUVB1/TIP49A, RUVB2/TIP49B, SENP3, TAF1, TAF4, TAF6, TAF7, TAF9 and TEX10 (PubMed:15960975). Interacts (via its NLS) with CTNNBL1 (PubMed:21385873).TISSUE SPECIFICITY Ubiquitously expressed.DOMAIN Interacts with the snRNP via the Nop domain.DOMAIN The coiled coil domain is formed by two non-contiguous helices.SIMILARITY Belongs to the PRP31 family.

UniProtQ8WWY3

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499

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Reactome DB_ID: 71887

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128

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Reactome DB_ID: 71910

Reactome Database ID Release 7471891Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=71891ReactomeR-HSA-71891

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-71891.2Reactome Database ID Release 7471983Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=71983ReactomeR-HSA-71983

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-71983.1

Reactome DB_ID: 6806778

UniProt:Q8WVK2 SNRNP27

SNRNP27

SNRNP27FUNCTION May play a role in mRNA splicing.SUBUNIT Part of a tri-snRNP complex.PTM Phosphorylated in vitro by snRNP-associated protein kinase.SIMILARITY Belongs to the SNUT3 family.

UniProtQ8WVK2

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155

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Reactome Database ID Release 7477506Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=77506ReactomeR-HSA-77506

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-77506.2

Reactome DB_ID: 71935

UniProt:Q14103 HNRNPD

HNRNPD

AUF1HNRNPDHNRPDFUNCTION Binds with high affinity to RNA molecules that contain AU-rich elements (AREs) found within the 3'-UTR of many proto-oncogenes and cytokine mRNAs. Also binds to double- and single-stranded DNA sequences in a specific manner and functions a transcription factor. Each of the RNA-binding domains specifically can bind solely to a single-stranded non-monotonous 5'-UUAG-3' sequence and also weaker to the single-stranded 5'-TTAGGG-3' telomeric DNA repeat. Binds RNA oligonucleotides with 5'-UUAGGG-3' repeats more tightly than the telomeric single-stranded DNA 5'-TTAGGG-3' repeats. Binding of RRM1 to DNA inhibits the formation of DNA quadruplex structure which may play a role in telomere elongation. May be involved in translationally coupled mRNA turnover. Implicated with other RNA-binding proteins in the cytoplasmic deadenylation/translational and decay interplay of the FOS mRNA mediated by the major coding-region determinant of instability (mCRD) domain. May play a role in the regulation of the rhythmic expression of circadian clock core genes. Directly binds to the 3'UTR of CRY1 mRNA and induces CRY1 rhythmic translation. May also be involved in the regulation of PER2 translation.SUBUNIT Identified in a IGF2BP1-dependent mRNP granule complex containing untranslated mRNAs. Part of a complex associated with the FOS mCRD domain and consisting of PABPC1, PAIP1, CSDE1/UNR and SYNCRIP. Interacts with IGF2BP2. Interacts with GTPBP1. Interacts with EIF4G1; the interaction requires RNA. Interacts with EIF3B and RPS3.PTM Arg-345 is dimethylated, probably to asymmetric dimethylarginine.PTM Methylated by PRMT1, in an insulin-dependent manner. The PRMT1-mediated methylation regulates tyrosine phosphorylation (By similarity).

UniProtQ14103

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Reactome DB_ID: 72031

UniProt:Q07955 SRSF1

SRSF1

ASFSF2P33OK/SW-cl.3SRSF1SF2SFRS1FUNCTION Plays a role in preventing exon skipping, ensuring the accuracy of splicing and regulating alternative splicing. Interacts with other spliceosomal components, via the RS domains, to form a bridge between the 5'- and 3'-splice site binding components, U1 snRNP and U2AF. Can stimulate binding of U1 snRNP to a 5'-splice site-containing pre-mRNA. Binds to purine-rich RNA sequences, either the octamer, 5'-RGAAGAAC-3' (r=A or G) or the decamers, AGGACAGAGC/AGGACGAAGC. Binds preferentially to the 5'-CGAGGCG-3' motif in vitro. Three copies of the octamer constitute a powerful splicing enhancer in vitro, the ASF/SF2 splicing enhancer (ASE) which can specifically activate ASE-dependent splicing. Isoform ASF-2 and isoform ASF-3 act as splicing repressors. May function as export adapter involved in mRNA nuclear export through the TAP/NXF1 pathway.SUBUNIT Consists of two polypeptides of p32 and p33. In vitro, self-associates and binds SRSF2, SNRNP70 and U2AF1 but not U2AF2. Binds SREK1/SFRS12. Interacts with SAFB/SAFB1. Interacts with PSIP1/LEDGF. Interacts with SRPK1. Identified in the spliceosome C complex. Interacts with RSRC1 (via Arg/Ser-rich domain). Interacts with ZRSR2/U2AF1-RS2. Interacts with CCDC55 (via C-terminus). Interacts with SRPK1 and a sliding docking interaction is essential for its sequential and processive phosphorylation by SRPK1. Interacts with NXF1. Interacts with CCNL1, CCNL2 and CDK11B (PubMed:18216018). Interacts with RRP1B (PubMed:23604122). Interacts (when phosphorylated in its RS domain) with TNPO3; promoting nuclear import (PubMed:24449914).DOMAIN The RRM 2 domain plays an important role in governing both the binding mode and the phosphorylation mechanism of the RS domain by SRPK1. RS domain and RRM 2 are uniquely positioned to initiate a highly directional (C-terminus to N-terminus) phosphorylation reaction in which the RS domain slides through an extended electronegative channel separating the docking groove of SRPK1 and the active site. RRM 2 binds toward the periphery of the active site and guides the directional phosphorylation mechanism. Both the RS domain and an RRM domain are required for nucleocytoplasmic shuttling.PTM Phosphorylated by CLK1, CLK2, CLK3 and CLK4. Phosphorylated by SRPK1 at multiple serines in its RS domain via a directional (C-terminal to N-terminal) and a dual-track mechanism incorporating both processive phosphorylation (in which the kinase stays attached to the substrate after each round of phosphorylation) and distributive phosphorylation steps (in which the kinase and substrate dissociate after each phosphorylation event). The RS domain of SRSF1 binds to a docking groove in the large lobe of the kinase domain of SRPK1 and this induces certain structural changes in SRPK1 and/or RRM 2 domain of SRSF1, allowing RRM 2 to bind the kinase and initiate phosphorylation. The cycles continue for several phosphorylation steps in a processive manner (steps 1-8) until the last few phosphorylation steps (approximately steps 9-12). During that time, a mechanical stress induces the unfolding of the beta-4 motif in RRM 2, which then docks at the docking groove of SRPK1. This also signals RRM 2 to begin to dissociate, which facilitates SRSF1 dissociation after phosphorylation is completed.PTM Asymmetrically dimethylated at arginines, probably by PRMT1, methylation promotes localization to nuclear speckles.SIMILARITY Belongs to the splicing factor SR family.

UniProtQ07955

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248

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Reactome DB_ID: 71917

U1 snRNP [nucleoplasm]

U1 snRNP

Reactome DB_ID: 8865876

UniProt:P09234 SNRPC

SNRPC

SNRPCFUNCTION Component of the spliceosomal U1 snRNP, which is essential for recognition of the pre-mRNA 5' splice-site and the subsequent assembly of the spliceosome. SNRPC/U1-C is directly involved in initial 5' splice-site recognition for both constitutive and regulated alternative splicing. The interaction with the 5' splice-site seems to precede base-pairing between the pre-mRNA and the U1 snRNA. Stimulates commitment or early (E) complex formation by stabilizing the base pairing of the 5' end of the U1 snRNA and the 5' splice-site region.SUBUNIT Component of the U1 snRNP (PubMed:2136774). The U1 snRNP is composed of the U1 snRNA and the 7 core Sm proteins SNRPB, SNRPD1, SNRPD2, SNRPD3, SNRPE, SNRPF and SNRPG that assemble in a heptameric protein ring on the Sm site of the small nuclear RNA to form the core snRNP, and at least 3 U1 snRNP-specific proteins SNRNP70/U1-70K, SNRPA/U1-A and SNRPC/U1-C. SNRPC/U1-C interacts with U1 snRNA and the 5' splice-site region of the pre-mRNA.SIMILARITY Belongs to the U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein C family.

UniProtP09234

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Reactome DB_ID: 71913

UniProt:P08621 SNRNP70

SNRNP70

SNRP70U1AP1RNPU1ZSNRNP70RPU1FUNCTION Component of the spliceosomal U1 snRNP, which is essential for recognition of the pre-mRNA 5' splice-site and the subsequent assembly of the spliceosome (PubMed:19325628, PubMed:25555158). SNRNP70 binds to the loop I region of U1-snRNA (PubMed:2467746, PubMed:19325628, PubMed:25555158).SUBUNIT Component of the U1 snRNP (PubMed:19325628, PubMed:21113136, PubMed:25555158). The U1 snRNP is composed of the U1 snRNA and the 7 core Sm proteins SNRPB, SNRPD1, SNRPD2, SNRPD3, SNRPE, SNRPF and SNRPG that assemble in a heptameric protein ring on the Sm site of the small nuclear RNA to form the core snRNP, and at least three U1 snRNP-specific proteins SNRNP70/U1-70K, SNRPA/U1-A and SNRPC/U1-C (PubMed:19325628, PubMed:21113136, PubMed:25555158). Interacts with SCNM1 (By similarity). Found in a pre-mRNA splicing complex with SFRS4, SFRS5, SNRNP70, SNRPA1, SRRM1 and SRRM2 (PubMed:9531537). Found in a pre-mRNA exonic splicing enhancer (ESE) complex with SNRNP70, SNRPA1, SRRM1 and TRA2B/SFRS10 (PubMed:10339552). Interacts with dephosphorylated SFRS13A and SFPQ (PubMed:11514619, PubMed:14765198). Interacts with NUDT21/CPSF5, CPSF6, SCAF11, and ZRANB2 (PubMed:14561889, PubMed:11448987, PubMed:9447963). Interacts with GEMIN5 (PubMed:25911097). Interacts with FUS.DOMAIN The RRM domain mediates interaction with U1 RNA.PTM The N-terminus is blocked.PTM Extensively phosphorylated on serine residues in the C-terminal region.MISCELLANEOUS Major ribonucleoprotein antigen recognized by the sera from patients with autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus.

UniProtP08621

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Reactome DB_ID: 71915

UniProt:P09012 SNRPA

SNRPA

SNRPAFUNCTION Component of the spliceosomal U1 snRNP, which is essential for recognition of the pre-mRNA 5' splice-site and the subsequent assembly of the spliceosome. U1 snRNP is the first snRNP to interact with pre-mRNA. This interaction is required for the subsequent binding of U2 snRNP and the U4/U6/U5 tri-snRNP. SNRPA binds stem loop II of U1 snRNA. In a snRNP-free form (SF-A) may be involved in coupled pre-mRNA splicing and polyadenylation process. May bind preferentially to the 5'-UGCAC-3' motif on RNAs.SUBUNIT U1 snRNP is composed of the 7 core Sm proteins SNRPB, SNRPD1, SNRPD2, SNRPD3, SNRPE, SNRPF and SNRPG that assemble in a heptameric protein ring on the Sm site of the small nuclear RNA to form the core snRNP, and at least three U1 snRNP-specific proteins SNRNP70/U1-70K, SNRPA/U1-A and SNRPC/U1-C. Interacts with SFPQ; component of a snRNP-free complex with SFPQ.SIMILARITY Belongs to the RRM U1 A/B'' family.

UniProtP09012

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Reactome DB_ID: 71911

EMBL:V00590 U1A snRNA

U1A snRNA

EMBLV00590

Reactome DB_ID: 71910

Reactome Database ID Release 7471917Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=71917ReactomeR-HSA-71917

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-71917.2

Reactome DB_ID: 8865956

UniProt:Q9HCG8 CWC22

CWC22

KIAA1604CWC22NCMFUNCTION Required for pre-mRNA splicing as component of the spliceosome (PubMed:12226669, PubMed:11991638, PubMed:22961380, PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28076346, PubMed:29360106, PubMed:29301961). Promotes exon-junction complex (EJC) assembly (PubMed:22959432, PubMed:22961380). Hinders EIF4A3 from non-specifically binding RNA and escorts it to the splicing machinery to promote EJC assembly on mature mRNAs. Through its role in EJC assembly, required for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay.SUBUNIT Component of the pre-catalytic spliceosome B and the catalytic spliceosome C complexes (PubMed:11991638, PubMed:22961380, PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28076346, PubMed:29360106, PubMed:29301961). Interacts with EIF4A3 and PRPF19 in an RNA-independent manner. Direct interaction with EIF4A3 is mediated by the MIF4G domain (PubMed:24218557). Full interaction with EIF4A3 occurs only when EIF4A3 is not part of the EJC and prevents EIF4A3 binding to RNA.SIMILARITY Belongs to the CWC22 family.

UniProtQ9HCG8

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908

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Reactome DB_ID: 71941

UniProt:P31943 HNRNPH1

HNRNPH1

HNRPH1HNRNPH1HNRPHFUNCTION This protein is a component of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) complexes which provide the substrate for the processing events that pre-mRNAs undergo before becoming functional, translatable mRNAs in the cytoplasm. Mediates pre-mRNA alternative splicing regulation. Inhibits, together with CUGBP1, insulin receptor (IR) pre-mRNA exon 11 inclusion in myoblast. Binds to the IR RNA. Binds poly(RG).SUBUNIT Part of a ternary complex containing FUBP2, PTBP1, PTBP2 and HNRNPH1. Identified in the spliceosome C complex. Interacts with IGF2BP1. Interacts with CUGBP1; the interaction is RNA-dependent. Interacts with MBNL1; the interaction in RNA-independent.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Expressed ubiquitously.INDUCTION Up-regulated in myotonic dystrophy pathophysiology (DM).DOMAIN Each quasi-RRM repeat bound poly(RG), while only the N-terminal QRRM bound poly(RC) and poly(RU). None of the repeats bound detectable amounts of poly(RA).

UniProtP31943

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449

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Reactome DB_ID: 72060

UniProt:Q92620 DHX38

DHX38

DDX38KIAA0224DHX38PRP16FUNCTION Probable ATP-binding RNA helicase (Probable). Involved in pre-mRNA splicing as component of the spliceosome (PubMed:29301961, PubMed:9524131).SUBUNIT Identified in the spliceosome C complex.SIMILARITY Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DEAH subfamily. PRP16 sub-subfamily.

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Reactome DB_ID: 72058

UniProt:Q05519 SRSF11

SRSF11

SFRS11SRSF11FUNCTION May function in pre-mRNA splicing.SUBUNIT Interacts with PUF60.SIMILARITY Belongs to the splicing factor SR family.

UniProtQ05519

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484

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Reactome DB_ID: 8867895

UniProt:O75554 WBP4

WBP4

WBP4FNBP21FBP21FUNCTION Involved in pre-mRNA splicing as a component of the spliceosome (PubMed:9724750, PubMed:19592703, PubMed:28781166). May play a role in cross-intron bridging of U1 and U2 snRNPs in the mammalian A complex (PubMed:9724750).SUBUNIT Component of the spliceosome B complex (PubMed:9724750, PubMed:28781166). Associated with U2 snRNPs (PubMed:9724750, PubMed:28781166). Binds splicing factors SNRPB, SNRPC and SF1 (PubMed:9724750). Interacts via the WW domains with the Pro-rich domains of KHDRBS1/SAM68 (By similarity). Interacts via the WW domains with the Pro-rich domains of WBP11 (PubMed:19592703).DOMAIN The WW domain recognizes the proline, glycine and methionine-rich (PGM) motif present in the splicing factors, as well as the Arg/Gly-rich-flanked Pro-rich domains found in several WW domain-binding proteins.

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Reactome DB_ID: 72041

UniProt:P67809 YBX1

YBX1

NSEP1YB1YBX1FUNCTION DNA- and RNA-binding protein involved in various processes, such as translational repression, RNA stabilization, mRNA splicing, DNA repair and transcription regulation (PubMed:8188694, PubMed:10817758, PubMed:11698476, PubMed:14718551, PubMed:18809583, PubMed:31358969). Predominantly acts as a RNA-binding protein: binds preferentially to the 5'-[CU]CUGCG-3' RNA motif and specifically recognizes mRNA transcripts modified by C5-methylcytosine (m5C) (PubMed:19561594, PubMed:31358969). Promotes mRNA stabilization: acts by binding to m5C-containing mRNAs and recruiting the mRNA stability maintainer ELAVL1, thereby preventing mRNA decay (PubMed:10817758, PubMed:11698476, PubMed:31358969). Component of the CRD-mediated complex that promotes MYC mRNA stability (PubMed:19029303). Contributes to the regulation of translation by modulating the interaction between the mRNA and eukaryotic initiation factors (By similarity). Plays a key role in RNA composition of extracellular exosomes by defining the sorting of small non-coding RNAs, such as tRNAs, Y RNAs, Vault RNAs and miRNAs (PubMed:27559612, PubMed:29073095). Probably sorts RNAs in exosomes by recognizing and binding C5-methylcytosine (m5C)-containing RNAs (PubMed:28341602, PubMed:29073095). Acts as a key effector of epidermal progenitors by preventing epidermal progenitor senescence: acts by regulating the translation of a senescence-associated subset of cytokine mRNAs, possibly by binding to m5C-containing mRNAs (PubMed:29712925). Also involved in pre-mRNA alternative splicing regulation: binds to splice sites in pre-mRNA and regulates splice site selection (PubMed:12604611). Also able to bind DNA: regulates transcription of the multidrug resistance gene MDR1 is enhanced in presence of the APEX1 acetylated form at 'Lys-6' and 'Lys-7' (PubMed:18809583). Binds to promoters that contain a Y-box (5'-CTGATTGGCCAA-3'), such as MDR1 and HLA class II genes (PubMed:8188694, PubMed:18809583). Promotes separation of DNA strands that contain mismatches or are modified by cisplatin (PubMed:14718551). Has endonucleolytic activity and can introduce nicks or breaks into double-stranded DNA, suggesting a role in DNA repair (PubMed:14718551). The secreted form acts as an extracellular mitogen and stimulates cell migration and proliferation (PubMed:19483673).SUBUNIT Homodimer in the presence of ATP (PubMed:10817758, PubMed:11851341). Component of the coding region determinant (CRD)-mediated complex, composed of DHX9, HNRNPU, IGF2BP1, SYNCRIP and YBX1 (PubMed:19029303). Identified in a IGF2BP1-dependent mRNP granule complex containing untranslated mRNAs (PubMed:17289661). Component of the U11/U12 snRNPs that are part of the U12-type spliceosome (PubMed:15146077). Identified in a histone pre-mRNA complex, at least composed of ERI1, LSM11, SLBP, SNRPB, SYNCRIP and YBX1 (By similarity). Interacts with IGF2BP1 and RBBP6 (PubMed:17289661, PubMed:18851979). Component of cytoplasmic messenger ribonucleoprotein particles (mRNPs) (PubMed:19029303). Interacts with AKT1, MBNL1, SFRS9, SFRS12, ALYREF/THOC4, MSH2, XRCC5, WRN and NCL (PubMed:12604611, PubMed:14559993, PubMed:14718551, PubMed:15806160, PubMed:18335541). Interacts (via C-terminus) with APEX1 (via N-terminus); the interaction is increased with APEX1 acetylated at 'Lys-6' and 'Lys-7' (PubMed:18809583). Interacts with AGO1 and AGO2 (PubMed:17932509). Interacts with ANKRD2 (PubMed:15136035). Interacts with DERA (PubMed:25229427). Interacts with FMR1; this interaction occurs in association with polyribosome (By similarity). Interacts with ZBTB7B (By similarity). Interacts with HDGF (isoform 1) (PubMed:26845719). Interacts with ELAVL1; leading to ELAVL1 recruitment on C5-methylcytosine (m5C)-containing mRNAs and subsequent mRNA stability (PubMed:31358969).DOMAIN In the CSD domain, Trp-65 specifically recognizes C5-methylcytosine (m5C) modification through its indole ring.PTM Ubiquitinated by RBBP6; leading to a decrease of YBX1 transcactivational ability.PTM In the absence of phosphorylation the protein is retained in the cytoplasm.PTM Cleaved by a 20S proteasomal protease in response to agents that damage DNA. Cleavage takes place in the absence of ubiquitination and ATP. The resulting N-terminal fragment accumulates in the nucleus (By similarity).SIMILARITY Belongs to the YBX1 family.

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Reactome DB_ID: 71954

capped, methylated pre-mRNA:CBC Complex [nucleoplasm]

capped, methylated pre-mRNA:CBC Complex

Reactome DB_ID: 71307

RNA Polymerase II (unphosphorylated):TFIIF complex [nucleoplasm]

RNA Polymerase II (unphosphorylated):TFIIF complex

Reactome DB_ID: 109631

TFIIF [nucleoplasm]

TFIIF

Reactome DB_ID: 65565

UniProt:P35269 GTF2F1

GTF2F1

GTF2F1RAP74FUNCTION TFIIF is a general transcription initiation factor that binds to RNA polymerase II and helps to recruit it to the initiation complex in collaboration with TFIIB. It promotes transcription elongation.SUBUNIT Heterodimer of an alpha and a beta subunit. Interacts with GTF2F2, CTDP1, TAF6/TAFII80 and URI1. Interacts with GTF2B (via C-terminus and preferentially via acetylated form); this interaction prevents binding of GTF2B to GTF2F2 (PubMed:8662660, PubMed:12931194).INDUCTION Up-regulated in response to enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection.PTM Phosphorylated on Ser and other residues by TAF1 and casein kinase II-like kinases.SIMILARITY Belongs to the TFIIF alpha subunit family.CAUTION Was reported to have a protein kinase activity and to autophosphorylates on Ser-385 and Thr-389.

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Reactome DB_ID: 65567

UniProt:P13984 GTF2F2

GTF2F2

RAP30GTF2F2FUNCTION TFIIF is a general transcription initiation factor that binds to RNA polymerase II and helps to recruit it to the initiation complex in collaboration with TFIIB. It promotes transcription elongation. This subunit shows ATP-dependent DNA-helicase activity.SUBUNIT Heterodimer of an alpha and a beta subunit. Interacts with HTATSF1 and GPBP1 (By similarity). Interacts with URI1. Interacts with GTF2B (via N-terminus); this interaction is inhibited in presence of GTF2F1 (PubMed:8504927, PubMed:8662660).SIMILARITY Belongs to the TFIIF beta subunit family.

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Reactome Database ID Release 74109631Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=109631ReactomeR-HSA-109631

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-109631.1

Reactome DB_ID: 113401

RNA Polymerase II holoenzyme complex (unphosphorylated) [nucleoplasm]

RNA Polymerase II holoenzyme complex (unphosphorylated)

Reactome DB_ID: 63525

UniProt:P36954 POLR2I

POLR2I

POLR2IFUNCTION DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Component of RNA polymerase II which synthesizes mRNA precursors and many functional non-coding RNAs. Pol II is the central component of the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. It is composed of mobile elements that move relative to each other. RPB9 is part of the upper jaw surrounding the central large cleft and thought to grab the incoming DNA template (By similarity).SUBUNIT Component of the RNA polymerase II (Pol II) complex consisting of 12 subunits.SIMILARITY Belongs to the archaeal RpoM/eukaryotic RPA12/RPB9/RPC11 RNA polymerase family.

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Reactome DB_ID: 83715

UniProt:P62875 POLR2L

POLR2L

POLR2LFUNCTION DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Common component of RNA polymerases I, II and III which synthesize ribosomal RNA precursors, mRNA precursors and many functional non-coding RNAs, and a small RNAs, such as 5S rRNA and tRNAs, respectively. Pol II is the central component of the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. Pols are composed of mobile elements that move relative to each other. In Pol II, POLR2L/RBP10 is part of the core element with the central large cleft (By similarity).SUBUNIT Component of the RNA polymerase I (Pol I), RNA polymerase II (Pol II) and RNA polymerase III (Pol III) complexes consisting of at least 13, 12 and 17 subunits, respectively.SIMILARITY Belongs to the archaeal RpoN/eukaryotic RPB10 RNA polymerase subunit family.

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Reactome DB_ID: 63531

UniProt:P52435 POLR2J

POLR2J

POLR2J1POLR2JFUNCTION DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Component of RNA polymerase II which synthesizes mRNA precursors and many functional non-coding RNAs. Pol II is the central component of the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. It is composed of mobile elements that move relative to each other. RPB11 is part of the core element with the central large cleft (By similarity).SUBUNIT Component of the RNA polymerase II (Pol II) complex consisting of 12 subunits. Interacts with AATF.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Ubiquitously expressed. High expression was found in heart and skeletal muscle.SIMILARITY Belongs to the archaeal RpoL/eukaryotic RPB11/RPC19 RNA polymerase subunit family.

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Reactome DB_ID: 83713

UniProt:P19388 POLR2E

POLR2E

POLR2EFUNCTION DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Common component of RNA polymerases I, II and III which synthesize ribosomal RNA precursors, mRNA precursors and many functional non-coding RNAs, and small RNAs, such as 5S rRNA and tRNAs, respectively. Pol II is the central component of the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. Pols are composed of mobile elements that move relative to each other. In Pol II, POLR2E/RPB5 is part of the lower jaw surrounding the central large cleft and thought to grab the incoming DNA template. Seems to be the major component in this process (By similarity).SUBUNIT Component of the RNA polymerase I (Pol I), RNA polymerase II (Pol II) and RNA polymerase III (Pol III) complexes consisting of at least 13, 12 and 17 subunits, respectively (By similarity). In RNA Pol II, this subunit is present in 2-fold molar excess over the other subunits. Interacts with URI1.SUBUNIT (Microbial infection) Interacts with HBV protein X.SIMILARITY Belongs to the archaeal RpoH/eukaryotic RPB5 RNA polymerase subunit family.

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Reactome DB_ID: 63506

UniProt:P19387 POLR2C

POLR2C

A-152E5.7POLR2CFUNCTION DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Component of RNA polymerase II which synthesizes mRNA precursors and many functional non-coding RNAs. Pol II is the central component of the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. It is composed of mobile elements that move relative to each other. RPB3 is part of the core element with the central large cleft and the clamp element that moves to open and close the cleft (By similarity).SUBUNIT Component of the RNA polymerase II (Pol II) complex consisting of 12 subunits. RPB11/POLR2J and RPB3/POLR2C subunits interact with each other.SIMILARITY Belongs to the archaeal RpoD/eukaryotic RPB3 RNA polymerase subunit family.

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Reactome DB_ID: 63502

UniProt:P24928 POLR2A

POLR2A

POLR2POLR2AFUNCTION DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Largest and catalytic component of RNA polymerase II which synthesizes mRNA precursors and many functional non-coding RNAs. Forms the polymerase active center together with the second largest subunit. Pol II is the central component of the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. It is composed of mobile elements that move relative to each other. RPB1 is part of the core element with the central large cleft, the clamp element that moves to open and close the cleft and the jaws that are thought to grab the incoming DNA template. At the start of transcription, a single-stranded DNA template strand of the promoter is positioned within the central active site cleft of Pol II. A bridging helix emanates from RPB1 and crosses the cleft near the catalytic site and is thought to promote translocation of Pol II by acting as a ratchet that moves the RNA-DNA hybrid through the active site by switching from straight to bent conformations at each step of nucleotide addition. During transcription elongation, Pol II moves on the template as the transcript elongates. Elongation is influenced by the phosphorylation status of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of Pol II largest subunit (RPB1), which serves as a platform for assembly of factors that regulate transcription initiation, elongation, termination and mRNA processing. Regulation of gene expression levels depends on the balance between methylation and acetylation levels of tha CTD-lysines (By similarity). Initiation or early elongation steps of transcription of growth-factors-induced immediate early genes are regulated by the acetylation status of the CTD (PubMed:24207025). Methylation and dimethylation have a repressive effect on target genes expression (By similarity).FUNCTION (Microbial infection) Acts as an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase when associated with small delta antigen of Hepatitis delta virus, acting both as a replicate and transcriptase for the viral RNA circular genome.SUBUNIT Component of the RNA polymerase II (Pol II) complex consisting of 12 subunits. Component of a complex which is at least composed of HTATSF1/Tat-SF1, the P-TEFb complex components CDK9 and CCNT1, RNA polymerase II, SUPT5H, and NCL/nucleolin. The large PER complex involved in the repression of transcriptional termination is composed of at least PER2, CDK9, DDX5, DHX9, NCBP1 and POLR2A (active). Interacts (via the C-terminal domain (CTD)) with U2AF2; recruits PRPF19 and the Prp19 complex to the pre-mRNA and may couple transcription to pre-mRNA splicing. Interacts (via the C-terminal domain (CTD)) with SMN1/SMN2; recruits SMN1/SMN2 to RNA Pol II elongation complexes. Interacts via the phosphorylated C-terminal domain with WDR82 and with SETD1A and SETD1B only in the presence of WDR82. When phosphorylated at 'Ser-5', interacts with MEN1; the unphosphorylated form, or phosphorylated at 'Ser-2' does not interact. When phosphorylated at 'Ser-2', interacts with SUPT6H (via SH2 domain). Interacts with RECQL5 and TCEA1; binding of RECQL5 prevents TCEA1 binding. The phosphorylated C-terminal domain interacts with FNBP3 and SYNCRIP. Interacts with ATF7IP. Interacts with DDX5. Interacts with WWP2. Interacts with SETX. Interacts (phosphorylated) with PIH1D1. Interacts (via the C-terminal domain (CTD)) with TDRD3. Interacts with PRMT5. Interacts with XRN2. Interacts with SAFB/SAFB1. Interacts with CCNL1. Interacts with CCNL2, MYO1C, PAF1 and SFRS19. Interacts (via C-terminus) with CMTR1, CTDSP1 and SCAF8. Interacts (via the C-terminal domain (CTD)) with CCNT2 (PubMed:15563843). Interacts with FUS. Interacts with MCM3AP isoform GANP (PubMed:23652018). Interacts with kinase SRPK2; the interaction occurs during the co-transcriptional formation of inappropriate R-loops (PubMed:28076779).SUBUNIT (Microbial infection) Interacts with herpes simplex virus 1 protein ICP22; this interaction causes loss of CTD 'Ser-2' phosphorylation from pol II engaged in transcription (PubMed:23029222).DOMAIN The C-terminal domain (CTD) serves as a platform for assembly of factors that regulate transcription initiation, elongation, termination and mRNA processing.PTM The tandem heptapeptide repeats in the C-terminal domain (CTD) can be highly phosphorylated (PubMed:28076779). The phosphorylation activates Pol II. Phosphorylation occurs mainly at residues 'Ser-2' and 'Ser-5' of the heptapeptide repeat and is mediated, at least, by CDK7 and CDK9. CDK7 phosphorylation of POLR2A associated with DNA promotes transcription initiation by triggering dissociation from DNA. Phosphorylation also takes place at 'Ser-7' of the heptapeptide repeat, which is required for efficient transcription of snRNA genes and processing of the transcripts. The phosphorylation state is believed to result from the balanced action of site-specific CTD kinases and phosphatases, and a 'CTD code' that specifies the position of Pol II within the transcription cycle has been proposed. Dephosphorylated by the protein phosphatase CTDSP1.PTM Among tandem heptapeptide repeats of the C-terminal domain (CTD) some do not match the Y-S-P-T-S-P-S consensus, the seventh serine residue 'Ser-7' being replaced by a lysine. 'Lys-7' in these non-consensus heptapeptide repeats can be alternatively acetylated, methylated and dimethylated. EP300 is one of the enzyme able to acetylate 'Lys-7'. Acetylation at 'Lys-7' of non-consensus heptapeptide repeats is associated with 'Ser-2' phosphorylation and active transcription. Regulates initiation or early elongation steps of transcription specially for inducible genes.PTM Methylated at Arg-1810 prior to transcription initiation when the CTD is hypophosphorylated, phosphorylation at Ser-1805 and Ser-1808 preventing this methylation. Symmetrically or asymmetrically dimethylated at Arg-1810 by PRMT5 and CARM1 respectively. Symmetric or asymmetric dimethylation modulates interactions with CTD-binding proteins like SMN1/SMN2 and TDRD3. SMN1/SMN2 interacts preferentially with the symmetrically dimethylated form while TDRD3 interacts with the asymmetric form. Through the recruitment of SMN1/SMN2, symmetric dimethylation is required for resolving RNA-DNA hybrids created by RNA polymerase II, that form R-loop in transcription terminal regions, an important step in proper transcription termination. CTD dimethylation may also facilitate the expression of select RNAs. Among tandem heptapeptide repeats of the C-terminal domain (CTD) some do not match the Y-S-P-T-S-P-S consensus, the seventh serine residue 'Ser-7' being replaced by a lysine. 'Lys-7' in these non-consensus heptapeptide repeats can be alternatively acetylated, methylated, dimethylated and trimethylated. Methylation occurs in the earliest transcription stages and precedes or is concomitant to 'Ser-5' and 'Ser-7' phosphorylation. Dimethylation and trimehtylation at 'Lys-7' of non-consensus heptapeptide repeats are exclusively associated with phosphorylated CTD.PTM Ubiquitinated by WWP2 leading to proteasomal degradation (By similarity). Following UV treatment, the elongating form of RNA polymerase II (RNA pol IIo) is ubiquitinated on UV damage sites without leading to degradation: ubiquitination is facilitated by KIAA1530/UVSSA and promotes RNA pol IIo backtracking to allow access to the nucleotide excision repair machinery.MISCELLANEOUS The binding of ribonucleoside triphosphate to the RNA polymerase II transcribing complex probably involves a two-step mechanism. The initial binding seems to occur at the entry (E) site and involves a magnesium ion temporarily coordinated by three conserved aspartate residues of the two largest RNA Pol II subunits. The ribonucleoside triphosphate is transferred by a rotation to the nucleotide addition (A) site for pairing with the template DNA. The catalytic A site involves three conserved aspartate residues of the RNA Pol II largest subunit which permanently coordinate a second magnesium ion.SIMILARITY Belongs to the RNA polymerase beta' chain family.

UniProtP24928

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1970

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Reactome DB_ID: 63537

UniProt:P53803 POLR2K

POLR2K

POLR2KFUNCTION DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Common component of RNA polymerases I, II and III which synthesize ribosomal RNA precursors, mRNA precursors and many functional non-coding RNAs, and a small RNAs, such as 5S rRNA and tRNAs, respectively.SUBUNIT Component of the RNA polymerase I (Pol I), RNA polymerase II (Pol II) and RNA polymerase III (Pol III) complexes consisting of at least 13, 12 and 17 subunits, respectively.SIMILARITY Belongs to the archaeal RpoP/eukaryotic RPC10 RNA polymerase subunit family.

UniProtP53803

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Reactome DB_ID: 63517

UniProt:P62487 POLR2G

POLR2G

RPB7POLR2GFUNCTION DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Component of RNA polymerase II which synthesizes mRNA precursors and many functional non-coding RNAs. Pol II is the central component of the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. It is composed of mobile elements that move relative to each other. RPB7 is part of a subcomplex with RPB4 that binds to a pocket formed by RPB1, RPB2 and RPB6 at the base of the clamp element. The RBP4-RPB7 subcomplex seems to lock the clamp via RPB7 in the closed conformation thus preventing double-stranded DNA to enter the active site cleft. The RPB4-RPB7 subcomplex binds single-stranded DNA and RNA (By similarity). Binds RNA.SUBUNIT Component of the RNA polymerase II (Pol II) complex consisting of 12 subunits. RPB4 and RPB7 form a subcomplex that protrudes from the 10-subunit Pol II core complex.SIMILARITY Belongs to the eukaryotic RPB7/RPC8 RNA polymerase subunit family.

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Reactome DB_ID: 63523

UniProt:P52434 POLR2H

POLR2H

POLR2HFUNCTION DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Common component of RNA polymerases I, II and III which synthesize ribosomal RNA precursors, mRNA precursors and many functional non-coding RNAs, and small RNAs, such as 5S rRNA and tRNAs, respectively.SUBUNIT Component of the RNA polymerase I (Pol I), RNA polymerase II (Pol II) and RNA polymerase III (Pol III) complexes consisting of at least 13, 12 and 17 subunits, respectively. Directly interacts with POLR2A.SIMILARITY Belongs to the eukaryotic RPB8 RNA polymerase subunit family.

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Reactome DB_ID: 63508

UniProt:O15514 POLR2D

POLR2D

POLR2DFUNCTION DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Component of RNA polymerase II which synthesizes mRNA precursors and many functional non-coding RNAs. Pol II is the central component of the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. It is composed of mobile elements that move relative to each other. RPB4 is part of a subcomplex with RPB7 that binds to a pocket formed by RPB1, RPB2 and RPB6 at the base of the clamp element. The RBP4-RPB7 subcomplex seems to lock the clamp via RPB7 in the closed conformation thus preventing double-stranded DNA to enter the active site cleft. The RPB4-RPB7 subcomplex binds single-stranded DNA and RNA (By similarity).SUBUNIT Component of the RNA polymerase II (Pol II) complex consisting of 12 subunits. RPB4 and RPB7 form a subcomplex that protrudes from the 10-subunit Pol II core complex.SIMILARITY Belongs to the eukaryotic RPB4 RNA polymerase subunit family.

UniProtO15514

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Reactome DB_ID: 63504

UniProt:P30876 POLR2B

POLR2B

POLR2BFUNCTION DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Second largest component of RNA polymerase II which synthesizes mRNA precursors and many functional non-coding RNAs. Proposed to contribute to the polymerase catalytic activity and forms the polymerase active center together with the largest subunit. Pol II is the central component of the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. It is composed of mobile elements that move relative to each other. RPB2 is part of the core element with the central large cleft, the clamp element that moves to open and close the cleft and the jaws that are thought to grab the incoming DNA template (By similarity).SUBUNIT Component of the RNA polymerase II (Pol II) complex consisting of 12 subunits. Interacts with WDR82. Interacts with MEN1.MISCELLANEOUS The binding of ribonucleoside triphosphate to the RNA polymerase II transcribing complex probably involves a two-step mechanism. The initial binding seems to occur at the entry (E) site and involves a magnesium ion coordinated by three conserved aspartate residues of the two largest RNA Pol II subunits (By similarity).SIMILARITY Belongs to the RNA polymerase beta chain family.

UniProtP30876

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1174

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Reactome DB_ID: 83714

UniProt:P61218 POLR2F

POLR2F

POLR2FPOLRFFUNCTION DNA-dependent RNA polymerases catalyze the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Common component of RNA polymerases I, II, and III which synthesize ribosomal RNA precursors, mRNA precursors and many functional non-coding RNAs, and small RNAs, such as 5S rRNA and tRNAs, respectively. Pol II is the central component of the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. Pols are composed of mobile elements that move relative to each other. In Pol II, POLR2F/RPB6 is part of the clamp element and together with parts of RPB1 and RPB2 forms a pocket to which the RPB4-RPB7 subcomplex binds (By similarity).SUBUNIT Component of the RNA polymerase I (Pol I), RNA polymerase II (Pol II) and RNA polymerase III (Pol III) complexes consisting of at least 13, 12 and 17 subunits, respectively.SIMILARITY Belongs to the archaeal RpoK/eukaryotic RPB6 RNA polymerase subunit family.

UniProtP61218

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Reactome Database ID Release 74113401Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=113401ReactomeR-HSA-113401

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-113401.1Reactome Database ID Release 7471307Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=71307ReactomeR-HSA-71307

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-71307.1

Reactome DB_ID: 77507

capped, methylated pre-mRNA [nucleoplasm]

capped, methylated pre-mRNA

Reactome DB_ID: 77088

Cap Binding Complex (CBC) [nucleoplasm]

Cap Binding Complex (CBC)

Reactome DB_ID: 51469

UniProt:Q09161 NCBP1

NCBP1

NCBP1CBP80NCBPFUNCTION Component of the cap-binding complex (CBC), which binds cotranscriptionally to the 5'-cap of pre-mRNAs and is involved in various processes such as pre-mRNA splicing, translation regulation, nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, RNA-mediated gene silencing (RNAi) by microRNAs (miRNAs) and mRNA export. The CBC complex is involved in mRNA export from the nucleus via its interaction with ALYREF/THOC4/ALY, leading to the recruitment of the mRNA export machinery to the 5'-end of mRNA and to mRNA export in a 5' to 3' direction through the nuclear pore. The CBC complex is also involved in mediating U snRNA and intronless mRNAs export from the nucleus. The CBC complex is essential for a pioneer round of mRNA translation, before steady state translation when the CBC complex is replaced by cytoplasmic cap-binding protein eIF4E. The pioneer round of mRNA translation mediated by the CBC complex plays a central role in nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), NMD only taking place in mRNAs bound to the CBC complex, but not on eIF4E-bound mRNAs. The CBC complex enhances NMD in mRNAs containing at least one exon-junction complex (EJC) via its interaction with UPF1, promoting the interaction between UPF1 and UPF2. The CBC complex is also involved in 'failsafe' NMD, which is independent of the EJC complex, while it does not participate in Staufen-mediated mRNA decay (SMD). During cell proliferation, the CBC complex is also involved in microRNAs (miRNAs) biogenesis via its interaction with SRRT/ARS2 and is required for miRNA-mediated RNA interference. The CBC complex also acts as a negative regulator of PARN, thereby acting as an inhibitor of mRNA deadenylation. In the CBC complex, NCBP1/CBP80 does not bind directly capped RNAs (m7GpppG-capped RNA) but is required to stabilize the movement of the N-terminal loop of NCBP2/CBP20 and lock the CBC into a high affinity cap-binding state with the cap structure. Associates with NCBP3 to form an alternative cap-binding complex (CBC) which plays a key role in mRNA export and is particularly important in cellular stress situations such as virus infections. The conventional CBC with NCBP2 binds both small nuclear RNA (snRNA) and messenger (mRNA) and is involved in their export from the nucleus whereas the alternative CBC with NCBP3 does not bind snRNA and associates only with mRNA thereby playing a role only in mRNA export. NCBP1/CBP80 is required for cell growth and viability (PubMed:26382858).SUBUNIT Component of the nuclear cap-binding complex (CBC), a heterodimer composed of NCBP1/CBP80 and NCBP2/CBP20 that interacts with m7GpppG-capped RNA. Found in a U snRNA export complex containing PHAX/RNUXA, NCBP1/CBP80, NCBP2/CBP20, RAN, XPO1 and m7G-capped RNA. Identified in a IGF2BP1-dependent mRNP granule complex containing untranslated mRNAs. Interacts with PHAX/RNUXA, SRRT/ARS2, EIF4G2, IGF2BP1, HNRNPF, HNRNPH1, KIAA0427/CTIF, PARN, DROSHA, UPF1 and ALYREF/THOC4. May interact with EIF4G1; the interaction is however controversial since it is reported by PubMed:11340157, PubMed:15059963 and PubMed:15361857, but is not observed by PubMed:19648179. The large PER complex involved in the repression of transcriptional termination is composed of at least PER2, CDK9, DDX5, DHX9, NCBP1/CBP80 and POLR2A. Component of an alternative nuclear cap-binding complex (CBC) composed of NCBP1/CBP80 and NCBP3 (PubMed:26382858). Interacts with METTL3 (PubMed:27117702). Interacts with ZFC3H1 in a RNase-insensitive manner (PubMed:27871484). Interacts with MTREX (PubMed:30842217).SIMILARITY Belongs to the NCBP1 family.

UniProtQ09161

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Reactome DB_ID: 51463

UniProt:P52298 NCBP2

NCBP2

CBP20NCBP2PIG55FUNCTION Component of the cap-binding complex (CBC), which binds co-transcriptionally to the 5' cap of pre-mRNAs and is involved in various processes such as pre-mRNA splicing, translation regulation, nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, RNA-mediated gene silencing (RNAi) by microRNAs (miRNAs) and mRNA export. The CBC complex is involved in mRNA export from the nucleus via its interaction with ALYREF/THOC4/ALY, leading to the recruitment of the mRNA export machinery to the 5' end of mRNA and to mRNA export in a 5' to 3' direction through the nuclear pore. The CBC complex is also involved in mediating U snRNA and intronless mRNAs export from the nucleus. The CBC complex is essential for a pioneer round of mRNA translation, before steady state translation when the CBC complex is replaced by cytoplasmic cap-binding protein eIF4E. The pioneer round of mRNA translation mediated by the CBC complex plays a central role in nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), NMD only taking place in mRNAs bound to the CBC complex, but not on eIF4E-bound mRNAs. The CBC complex enhances NMD in mRNAs containing at least one exon-junction complex (EJC) via its interaction with UPF1, promoting the interaction between UPF1 and UPF2. The CBC complex is also involved in 'failsafe' NMD, which is independent of the EJC complex, while it does not participate in Staufen-mediated mRNA decay (SMD). During cell proliferation, the CBC complex is also involved in microRNAs (miRNAs) biogenesis via its interaction with SRRT/ARS2, thereby being required for miRNA-mediated RNA interference. The CBC complex also acts as a negative regulator of PARN, thereby acting as an inhibitor of mRNA deadenylation. In the CBC complex, NCBP2/CBP20 recognizes and binds capped RNAs (m7GpppG-capped RNA) but requires NCBP1/CBP80 to stabilize the movement of its N-terminal loop and lock the CBC into a high affinity cap-binding state with the cap structure. The conventional cap-binding complex with NCBP2 binds both small nuclear RNA (snRNA) and messenger (mRNA) and is involved in their export from the nucleus (PubMed:26382858).SUBUNIT Component of the nuclear cap-binding complex (CBC), a heterodimer composed of NCBP1/CBP80 and NCBP2/CBP20 that interacts with m7GpppG-capped RNA (PubMed:26382858). Found in a U snRNA export complex with PHAX/RNUXA, NCBP1/CBP80, NCBP2/CBP20, RAN, XPO1 and m7G-capped RNA. Interacts with PHAX/RNUXA, EIF4G1, HNRNPF, HNRNPH1 and ALYREF/THOC4/ALY. Interacts with SRRT/ARS2 and KPNA3 (PubMed:26382858).SIMILARITY Belongs to the RRM NCBP2 family.

UniProtP52298

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Reactome Database ID Release 7477088Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=77088ReactomeR-HSA-77088

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-77088.1Reactome Database ID Release 7471954Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=71954ReactomeR-HSA-71954

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-71954.2Converted from EntitySet in Reactome

Reactome DB_ID: 8865886

U2AF1,U2AF1L4 [nucleoplasm]Converted from EntitySet in Reactome. Each synonym is a name of a PhysicalEntity, and each XREF points to one PhysicalEntityU2AF1L4 [nucleoplasm]U2AF1 [nucleoplasm]

UniProtQ8WU68UniProtQ01081

Reactome DB_ID: 8867897

UniProt:Q8NAV1 PRPF38A

PRPF38A

PRPF38AFUNCTION Involved in pre-mRNA splicing as a component of the spliceosome.SUBUNIT Component of the spliceosome B complex (Probable) (PubMed:28781166). Interacts (via N-terminal interaction domain) with ZMAT2 AND MFAP1 (Probable) (PubMed:27773687).SIMILARITY Belongs to the PRP38 family.

UniProtQ8NAV1

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Reactome DB_ID: 71951

UniProt:O43390 HNRNPR

HNRNPR

HNRPRHNRNPRFUNCTION Component of ribonucleosomes, which are complexes of at least 20 other different heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNP). hnRNP play an important role in processing of precursor mRNA in the nucleus.SUBUNIT Identified in the spliceosome C complex. Identified in a IGF2BP1-dependent mRNP granule complex containing untranslated mRNAs. Interacts with GTPBP1.

UniProtO43390

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633

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Reactome DB_ID: 72026

UniProt:Q13247 SRSF6

SRSF6

SFRS6SRP55SRSF6FUNCTION Plays a role in constitutive splicing and modulates the selection of alternative splice sites. Plays a role in the alternative splicing of MAPT/Tau exon 10. Binds to alternative exons of TNC pre-mRNA and promotes the expression of alternatively spliced TNC. Plays a role in wound healing and in the regulation of keratinocyte differentiation and proliferation via its role in alternative splicing.SUBUNIT Binds SREK1/SFRS12. Interacts with DYRK1A.PTM Extensively phosphorylated on serine residues in the RS domain. Phosphorylated by DYRK1A, probably in the RS domain. Phosphorylation by DYRK1A modulates alternative splice site selection and inhibits the expression of MAPT/Tau exon 10.SIMILARITY Belongs to the splicing factor SR family.

UniProtQ13247

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Reactome DB_ID: 6781960

UniProt:O60306 AQR

AQR

AQRKIAA0560FUNCTION Involved in pre-mRNA splicing as component of the spliceosome (PubMed:11991638, PubMed:25599396, PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28076346). Intron-binding spliceosomal protein required to link pre-mRNA splicing and snoRNP (small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein) biogenesis (PubMed:16949364). Plays a key role in position-dependent assembly of intron-encoded box C/D small snoRNP, splicing being required for snoRNP assembly (PubMed:16949364). May act by helping the folding of the snoRNA sequence. Binds to intron of pre-mRNAs in a sequence-independent manner, contacting the region between snoRNA and the branchpoint of introns (40 nucleotides upstream of the branchpoint) during the late stages of splicing (PubMed:16949364). Has ATP-dependent RNA helicase activity and can unwind double-stranded RNA molecules with a 3' overhang (in vitro) (PubMed:25599396).SUBUNIT Identified in the spliceosome C complex (PubMed:11991638, PubMed:16949364, PubMed:25599396, PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28076346). Component of the XAB2 complex, a multimeric protein complex composed of XAB2, PRPF19, AQR, ZNF830, ISY1, and PPIE (PubMed:17981804). Identified in a pentameric intron-binding (IB) complex composed of AQR, XAB2, ISY1, ZNF830 and PPIE that is incorporated into the spliceosome as a preassembled complex (PubMed:25599396). The IB complex does not contain PRPF19 (PubMed:25599396). Within the spliceosome, interacts with SNRPA1, SF3B1, SF3B3, SF3A1 and SF3A2 (PubMed:25599396).DOMAIN Contains an N-terminal domain with structural similarity to ARM repeat regions; this domain functions as scaffold for protein-protein interactions, but is not required for RNA binding or for ATP-dependent RNA helicase activity.SIMILARITY Belongs to the CWF11 family.

UniProtO60306

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Reactome DB_ID: 71919

UniProt:Q15365 PCBP1

PCBP1

PCBP1FUNCTION Single-stranded nucleic acid binding protein that binds preferentially to oligo dC. In case of infection by poliovirus, plays a role in initiation of viral RNA replication in concert with the viral protein 3CD (PubMed:12414943).TISSUE SPECIFICITY Abundantly expressed in skeletal muscle, thymus and peripheral blood leukocytes while a lower expression is observed in prostate, spleen, testis, ovary, small intestine, heart, liver, adrenal and thyroid glands.PTM Phosphorylated; lowers poly(rC)-binding activity.

UniProtQ15365

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356

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Reactome DB_ID: 8867899

UniProt:Q9BZJ0 CRNKL1

CRNKL1

CGI-201MSTP021CRNKL1CRNFUNCTION Involved in pre-mRNA splicing process.SUBUNIT Identified in the spliceosome C complex (PubMed:11991638, PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28076346). Present in a spliceosome complex assembled in vitro containing CRNKL1, HPRP8BP and SNRPB2 (PubMed:12084575). Isoform 2 seems to be predominant in the spliceosome complex (PubMed:12084575). Interacts with PPIL2 (via the PPIase cyclophilin-type domain); they may form a trimeric complex with HSP90 (PubMed:15189447).TISSUE SPECIFICITY Widely expressed (PubMed:11342225). Highly expressed in testis (PubMed:12084575). Not detected in brain and lung (PubMed:12084575).SIMILARITY Belongs to the crooked-neck family.

UniProtQ9BZJ0

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Reactome DB_ID: 6781959

UniProt:Q9UNP9 PPIE

PPIE

CYP33PPIEFUNCTION Involved in pre-mRNA splicing as component of the spliceosome (PubMed:11991638, PubMed:28076346). Combines RNA-binding and PPIase activities (PubMed:8977107, PubMed:18258190, PubMed:20677832, PubMed:20460131). Binds mRNA and has a preference for single-stranded RNA molecules with poly-A and poly-U stretches, suggesting it binds to the poly(A)-region in the 3'-UTR of mRNA molecules (PubMed:8977107, PubMed:18258190, PubMed:20460131). Catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in proteins (PubMed:8977107, PubMed:18258190, PubMed:20677832, PubMed:20541251). Inhibits KMT2A activity; this requires proline isomerase activity (PubMed:20677832, PubMed:20541251, PubMed:20460131).ACTIVITY REGULATION Enzyme activity is inhibited by cyclosporin A.SUBUNIT Identified in the spliceosome C complex (PubMed:11991638, PubMed:28076346). Component of the XAB2 complex, a multimeric protein complex composed of XAB2, PRPF19, AQR, ZNF830, ISY1, and PPIE (PubMed:17981804). Identified in a pentameric intron-binding (IB) complex composed of AQR, XAB2, ISY1, ZNF830 and PPIE that is incorporated into the spliceosome as a preassembled complex (PubMed:25599396). The IB complex does not contain PRPF19 (PubMed:25599396). Interacts (via RNA-binding domain) with KMT2A (via the third PHD-type zinc-finger) (PubMed:20677832, PubMed:20541251, PubMed:20460131).TISSUE SPECIFICITY Found in all the examined tissues including heart, brain, placenta, lung, liver, skeletal muscle, kidney and pancreas.DOMAIN The RRM domain mediates both interaction with RNA and with KMT2A (via the third PHD-type zinc-finger), but has much higher affinity for the KMT2A PHD-type zinc-finger.SIMILARITY Belongs to the cyclophilin-type PPIase family. PPIase E subfamily.

UniProtQ9UNP9

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301

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Reactome DB_ID: 71953

UniProt:Q00839 HNRNPU

HNRNPU

U21.1C1orf199HNRNPUHNRPUSAFAFUNCTION DNA- and RNA-binding protein involved in several cellular processes such as nuclear chromatin organization, telomere-length regulation, transcription, mRNA alternative splicing and stability, Xist-mediated transcriptional silencing and mitotic cell progression (PubMed:10490622, PubMed:18082603, PubMed:19029303, PubMed:22325991, PubMed:25986610, PubMed:28622508). Plays a role in the regulation of interphase large-scale gene-rich chromatin organization through chromatin-associated RNAs (caRNAs) in a transcription-dependent manner, and thereby maintains genomic stability (PubMed:1324173, PubMed:8174554, PubMed:28622508). Required for the localization of the long non-coding Xist RNA on the inactive chromosome X (Xi) and the subsequent initiation and maintenance of X-linked transcriptional gene silencing during X-inactivation (By similarity). Plays a role as a RNA polymerase II (Pol II) holoenzyme transcription regulator (PubMed:8174554, PubMed:9353307, PubMed:10490622, PubMed:15711563, PubMed:19617346, PubMed:23811339). Promotes transcription initiation by direct association with the core-TFIIH basal transcription factor complex for the assembly of a functional pre-initiation complex with Pol II in a actin-dependent manner (PubMed:10490622, PubMed:15711563). Blocks Pol II transcription elongation activity by inhibiting the C-terminal domain (CTD) phosphorylation of Pol II and dissociates from Pol II pre-initiation complex prior to productive transcription elongation (PubMed:10490622). Positively regulates CBX5-induced transcriptional gene silencing and retention of CBX5 in the nucleus (PubMed:19617346). Negatively regulates glucocorticoid-mediated transcriptional activation (PubMed:9353307). Key regulator of transcription initiation and elongation in embryonic stem cells upon leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) signaling (By similarity). Involved in the long non-coding RNA H19-mediated Pol II transcriptional repression (PubMed:23811339). Participates in the circadian regulation of the core clock component ARNTL/BMAL1 transcription (By similarity). Plays a role in the regulation of telomere length (PubMed:18082603). Plays a role as a global pre-mRNA alternative splicing modulator by regulating U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) biogenesis (PubMed:22325991). Plays a role in mRNA stability (PubMed:17174306, PubMed:17289661, PubMed:19029303). Component of the CRD-mediated complex that promotes MYC mRNA stabilization (PubMed:19029303). Enhances the expression of specific genes, such as tumor necrosis factor TNFA, by regulating mRNA stability, possibly through binding to the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) (PubMed:17174306). Plays a role in mitotic cell cycle regulation (PubMed:21242313, PubMed:25986610). Involved in the formation of stable mitotic spindle microtubules (MTs) attachment to kinetochore, spindle organization and chromosome congression (PubMed:21242313). Phosphorylation at Ser-59 by PLK1 is required for chromosome alignement and segregation and progression through mitosis (PubMed:25986610). Contributes also to the targeting of AURKA to mitotic spindle MTs (PubMed:21242313). Binds to double- and single-stranded DNA and RNA, poly(A), poly(C) and poly(G) oligoribonucleotides (PubMed:1628625, PubMed:8068679, PubMed:8174554, PubMed:9204873, PubMed:9405365). Binds to chromatin-associated RNAs (caRNAs) (PubMed:28622508). Associates with chromatin to scaffold/matrix attachment region (S/MAR) elements in a chromatin-associated RNAs (caRNAs)-dependent manner (PubMed:7509195, PubMed:1324173, PubMed:9204873, PubMed:9405365, PubMed:10671544, PubMed:11003645, PubMed:11909954, PubMed:28622508). Binds to the Xist RNA (PubMed:26244333). Binds the long non-coding H19 RNA (PubMed:23811339). Binds to SMN1/2 pre-mRNAs at G/U-rich regions (PubMed:22325991). Binds to small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) (PubMed:22325991). Binds to the 3'-UTR of TNFA mRNA (PubMed:17174306). Binds (via RNA-binding RGG-box region) to the long non-coding Xist RNA; this binding is direct and bridges the Xist RNA and the inactive chromosome X (Xi) (By similarity). Also negatively regulates embryonic stem cell differentiation upon LIF signaling (By similarity). Required for embryonic development (By similarity). Binds to brown fat long non-coding RNA 1 (Blnc1); facilitates the recruitment of Blnc1 by ZBTB7B required to drive brown and beige fat development and thermogenesis (By similarity).FUNCTION (Microbial infection) Negatively regulates immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication by preventing the accumulation of viral mRNA transcripts in the cytoplasm.SUBUNIT Oligomer (via ATPase domain and RNA-binding RGG-box region); oligomerization occurs upon ATP-binding in a chromatin-associated RNAs (caRNAs)- and transcription-dependent manner and is required for chromatin decompaction (PubMed:28622508). ATP hydrolysis is required to cycle from an oligomeric to monomeric state to compact chromatin (PubMed:28622508). Component of the coding region determinant (CRD)-mediated complex, composed of DHX9, HNRNPU, IGF2BP1, SYNCRIP and YBX1 (PubMed:19029303). Identified in the spliceosome C complex (PubMed:11991638). Identified in a IGF2BP1-dependent mRNP granule complex containing untranslated mRNAs (PubMed:17289661, PubMed:19029303). Associates with heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) particles (PubMed:8174554, PubMed:9204873, PubMed:9405365, PubMed:11909954). Associates (via middle region) with the C-terminal domain (CTD) RNA polymerase II (Pol II) holoenzyme; this association occurs in a RNA-independent manner (PubMed:10490622). Associates (via middle region) with the core-TFIIH basal transcription factor complex; this association inhibits the CTD phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II holoenzyme by downregulating TFIIH kinase activity (PubMed:10490622). Associates with the telomerase holoenzyme complex (PubMed:18082603). Associates with spindle microtubules (MTs) in a TPX2-dependent manner (PubMed:21242313). Interacts (via C-terminus) with actin; this interaction is direct and mediates association with the phosphorylated CTD of RNA polymerase II and is disrupted in presence of the long non-coding H19 RNA (PubMed:15711563, PubMed:23811339). Interacts with AURKA (PubMed:21242313, PubMed:25986610). Interacts (via C-terminus) with CBX5; this interaction is, at least in part, RNA-dependent (PubMed:19617346). Interacts with CR2 (PubMed:7753047). Interacts with CRY1 (By similarity). Interacts (via C-terminus) with EP300; this interaction enhances DNA-binding to nuclear scaffold/matrix attachment region (S/MAR) elements (PubMed:11909954). Interacts with ERBB4 (PubMed:20858735). Interacts with GEMIN5 (PubMed:25911097). Interacts with IGF2BP1 (PubMed:17289661, PubMed:23640942). Interacts with IGF2BP2 and IGF2BP3 (PubMed:23640942). Interacts with NCL; this interaction occurs during mitosis (PubMed:21242313). Interacts (via C-terminus) with NR3C1 (via C-terminus) (PubMed:9353307). Interacts with PLK1; this interaction induces phosphorylation of HNRNPU at Ser-59 in mitosis (PubMed:25986610). Interacts with POU3F4 (PubMed:9105675). Interacts with SMARCA4; this interaction occurs in embryonic stem cells and stimulates global Pol II-mediated transcription. Interacts (via C-terminus) with TOP2A; this interaction protects the topoisomerase TOP2A from degradation and positively regulates the relaxation of supercoiled DNA by TOP2A in a RNA-dependent manner (By similarity). Interacts with TPX2; this interaction recruits HNRNPU to spindle microtubules (MTs) (PubMed:21242313, PubMed:25986610). Interacts with UBQLN2 (PubMed:25616961). Interacts (via RNA-binding RGG-box region) with ZBTB7B; the interaction facilitates the recruitment of long non-coding RNA Blnc1 by ZBTB7B (By similarity). Interacts with ERCC6 (PubMed:26030138).SUBUNIT (Microbial infection) Interacts with HIV-1 protein Rev.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Widely expressed.DOMAIN The SAP domain is necessary for specific binding to nuclear scaffold/matrix attachment region (S/MAR) elements in DNA (PubMed:9405365, PubMed:11003645). The RNA-binding RGG-box region is necessary for its association with inactive X chromosome (Xi) regions and to chromatin-associated RNAs (caRNAs) (PubMed:14608463, PubMed:28622508). Both the DNA-binding domain SAP and the RNA-binding RGG-box region are necessary for the localization of Xist RNA on the Xi (By similarity). The ATPase and RNA-binding RGG-box regions are necessary for oligomerization (PubMed:28622508).PTM Cleaved at Asp-100 by CASP3 during T-cell apoptosis, resulting in a loss of DNA- and chromatin-binding activities (PubMed:9405365, PubMed:10671544).PTM Extensively phosphorylated (PubMed:7993898). Phosphorylated on Ser-59 by PLK1 and dephosphorylated by protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) in mitosis (PubMed:25986610).PTM Arg-739 is dimethylated, probably to asymmetric dimethylarginine (Ref.8). Arg-733 is dimethylated, probably to asymmetric dimethylarginine (By similarity).PTM Citrullinated by PADI4.

UniProtQ00839

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825

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Reactome DB_ID: 450601

UniProt:Q15717 ELAVL1

ELAVL1

HURELAVL1FUNCTION RNA-binding protein that binds to the 3'-UTR region of mRNAs and increases their stability (PubMed:14517288, PubMed:18285462, PubMed:31358969). Involved in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) differentiation: preferentially binds mRNAs that are not methylated by N6-methyladenosine (m6A), stabilizing them, promoting ESCs differentiation (By similarity). Binds to poly-U elements and AU-rich elements (AREs) in the 3'-UTR of target mRNAs (PubMed:8626503, PubMed:17632515, PubMed:18285462, PubMed:23519412, PubMed:14731398). Binds avidly to the AU-rich element in FOS and IL3/interleukin-3 mRNAs. In the case of the FOS AU-rich element, binds to a core element of 27 nucleotides that contain AUUUA, AUUUUA, and AUUUUUA motifs. Binds preferentially to the 5'-UUUU[AG]UUU-3' motif in vitro (PubMed:8626503). With ZNF385A, binds the 3'-UTR of p53/TP53 mRNA to control their nuclear export induced by CDKN2A. Hence, may regulate p53/TP53 expression and mediate in part the CDKN2A anti-proliferative activity. May also bind with ZNF385A the CCNB1 mRNA (By similarity). Increases the stability of the leptin mRNA harboring an AU-rich element (ARE) in its 3' UTR (PubMed:29180010).SUBUNIT Monomer and homodimer (in vitro) (PubMed:17632515, PubMed:20219472). Interacts with ANP32A (PubMed:11729309). Interacts with ZNF385A; the interaction is indirect and mRNA-dependent and may regulate p53/TP53 expression (By similarity). Identified in a mRNP complex, at least composed of DHX9, DDX3X, ELAVL1, HNRNPU, IGF2BP1, ILF3, PABPC1, PCBP2, PTBP2, STAU1, STAU2, SYNCRIP and YBX1 (PubMed:19029303). Interacts with AGO1 and AGO2 (PubMed:17932509). Interacts with IGF2BP2 and IGF2BP3 (PubMed:23640942). Interacts with HNRNPL (PubMed:18161049). Interacts with DHX36; this interaction occurs in a RNA-dependent manner (PubMed:14731398). Interacts with ILF3; this interaction occurs in a RNA-dependent manner (PubMed:14731398). Interacts with PLEKHN1 (PubMed:18191643, PubMed:27616329). Interacts with SHFL; the interaction increases in presence of RNA (PubMed:27974568). Interacts with YBX1; interaction recruits ELAVL1 on C5-methylcytosine (m5C)-containing mRNAs, thereby promoting mRNA stability (PubMed:31358969).TISSUE SPECIFICITY Ubiquitous. Detected in brain, liver, thymus and muscle.DOMAIN The first RRM (RNA recognition motif) domain is essential for binding to AU-rich elements.PTM Phosphorylated by MAPKAPK2 (PubMed:14517288). Phosphorylated by PRKCD (PubMed:18285462).PTM Methylated at Arg-217 by CARM1 in macrophages in response to LPS challenge.SIMILARITY Belongs to the RRM elav family.

UniProtQ15717

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Reactome DB_ID: 71937

UniProt:P52597 HNRNPF

HNRNPF

HNRNPFHNRPFFUNCTION Component of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) complexes which provide the substrate for the processing events that pre-mRNAs undergo before becoming functional, translatable mRNAs in the cytoplasm. Plays a role in the regulation of alternative splicing events. Binds G-rich sequences in pre-mRNAs and keeps target RNA in an unfolded state.SUBUNIT Identified in the spliceosome C complex. Interacts with AGO1, AGO2, TBP and TXNL4/DIM1.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Expressed ubiquitously.DOMAIN The N-terminal RRM domains are responsible for recognizing the G-tract of BCL-X RNA.PTM Sumoylated.

UniProtP52597

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Reactome DB_ID: 72062

UniProt:O60508 CDC40

CDC40

PRPF17EHB3PRP17CDC40FUNCTION Required for pre-mRNA splicing as component of the activated spliceosome.SUBUNIT Component of the pre-catalytic and catalytic spliceosome complexes (PubMed:11991638, PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28076346, PubMed:29361316, PubMed:29360106, PubMed:29301961). Component of the postcatalytic spliceosome P complex (PubMed:30705154).

UniProtO60508

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579

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Reactome DB_ID: 71931

UniProt:P51991 HNRNPA3

HNRNPA3

HNRNPA3HNRPA3FUNCTION Plays a role in cytoplasmic trafficking of RNA. Binds to the cis-acting response element, A2RE. May be involved in pre-mRNA splicing.SUBUNIT Identified in the spliceosome C complex.CAUTION An older version of this entry represented the conceptual translation of what was thought to be HNRNPA3 but which was in fact a pseudogene (HNRPA3P1/FBRNP) located on chromosome 10.

UniProtP51991

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Reactome DB_ID: 72040

UniProt:P35637 FUS

FUS

FUSTLSFUNCTION DNA/RNA-binding protein that plays a role in various cellular processes such as transcription regulation, RNA splicing, RNA transport, DNA repair and damage response (PubMed:27731383). Binds to nascent pre-mRNAs and acts as a molecular mediator between RNA polymerase II and U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein thereby coupling transcription and splicing (PubMed:26124092). Binds also its own pre-mRNA and autoregulates its expression; this autoregulation mechanism is mediated by non-sense-mediated decay (PubMed:24204307). Plays a role in DNA repair mechanisms by promoting D-loop formation and homologous recombination during DNA double-strand break repair (PubMed:10567410). In neuronal cells, plays crucial roles in dendritic spine formation and stability, RNA transport, mRNA stability and synaptic homeostasis (By similarity).SUBUNIT Self-oligomerizes (via N-terminal region) (PubMed:25453086). Oligomerization is essential for chromatin binding (PubMed:25453086). Component of nuclear riboprotein complexes. Interacts with ILF3, TDRD3 and SF1 (PubMed:9660765). Interacts through its C-terminus with SFRS13A (PubMed:9774382). Interacts with OTUB1 and SARNP. Interacts with LRSAM1 (PubMed:27615052). Interacts with SAFB1 in a DNA-dependent manner; this interaction tethers FUS to chromatin (PubMed:27731383). Interacts with MATR3 (PubMed:27731383). Interacts with SNRNP70 and POLR2A; these interactions couple RNA transcription and splicing (PubMed:26124092). Interacts (through its RNA-binding domain) with RALY (through its RNA-binding domain); both are components of the same RNPs (PubMed:30354839).TISSUE SPECIFICITY Ubiquitous.PTM Arg-216 and Arg-218 are dimethylated, probably to asymmetric dimethylarginine.PTM Phosphorylated in its N-terminal serine residues upon induced DNA damage. ATM and DNA-PK are able to phosphorylate FUS N-terminal region.DISEASE A chromosomal aberration involving FUS is found in a patient with malignant myxoid liposarcoma. Translocation t(12;16)(q13;p11) with DDIT3.DISEASE A chromosomal aberration involving FUS is a cause of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Translocation t(16;21)(p11;q22) with ERG.SIMILARITY Belongs to the RRM TET family.

UniProtP35637

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526

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Reactome DB_ID: 351663

UniProt:Q13573 SNW1

SNW1

SNW1SKIPSKIIPFUNCTION Involved in pre-mRNA splicing as component of the spliceosome (PubMed:11991638, PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28076346). Is required in the specific splicing of CDKN1A pre-mRNA; the function probably involves the recruitment of U2AF2 to the mRNA. Is proposed to recruit PPIL1 to the spliceosome. May be involved in cyclin-D1/CCND1 mRNA stability through the SNARP complex which associates with both the 3'end of the CCND1 gene and its mRNA. Involved in transcriptional regulation. Modulates TGF-beta-mediated transcription via association with SMAD proteins, MYOD1-mediated transcription via association with PABPN1, RB1-mediated transcriptional repression, and retinoid-X receptor (RXR)- and vitamin D receptor (VDR)-dependent gene transcription in a cell line-specific manner probably involving coactivators NCOA1 and GRIP1. Is involved in NOTCH1-mediated transcriptional activation. Binds to multimerized forms of Notch intracellular domain (NICD) and is proposed to recruit transcriptional coactivators such as MAML1 to form an intermediate preactivation complex which associates with DNA-bound CBF-1/RBPJ to form a transcriptional activation complex by releasing SNW1 and redundant NOTCH1 NICD.FUNCTION (Microbial infection) Is recruited by HIV-1 Tat to Tat:P-TEFb:TAR RNA complexes and is involved in Tat transcription by recruitment of MYC, MEN1 and TRRAP to the HIV promoter.FUNCTION (Microbial infection) Proposed to be involved in transcriptional activation by EBV EBNA2 of CBF-1/RBPJ-repressed promoters.SUBUNIT Identified in the spliceosome C complex (PubMed:11991638, PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28076346). Associates with U4/U6-U5 tri-small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNPs). Interacts SKI, SMAD2,SMAD3, RBPJ, RB1, PABPN1, MAGEA1, SIRT1, FOXN3, U2AF2, PPIL1, DAXX and ATP1B4. Interacts with VDR and RXRA; preferentially associates with VDR:RXRA heterodimers (PubMed:9632709, PubMed:12529369). Interacts with NCOR2 (PubMed:10644367). Interacts with MAML1 (PubMed:21245387). Interacts with NOTCH1 NICD; the interaction involves multimerized NOTCH1 NICD (PubMed:21245387). Forms a complex with NOTCH1 NICD and MAML1; the association is dissociated by RBPJ (PubMed:21245387). Associates with positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) (PubMed:15905409). Component of the SNARP complex which consists at least of SNIP1, SNW1, THRAP3, BCLAF1 and PNN (PubMed:18794151).SUBUNIT (Microbial infection) Interacts with human papillomavirus type-16 (HPV16) E7 protein.SUBUNIT (Microbial infection) Interacts with EBV EBNA2; EBNA2 competes with NCOR2 for interaction with SNW1.SIMILARITY Belongs to the SNW family.

UniProtQ13573

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536

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Reactome DB_ID: 53703

UniProt:O75937 DNAJC8

DNAJC8

SPF31HSPC315HSPC331DNAJC8FUNCTION Suppresses polyglutamine (polyQ) aggregation of ATXN3 in neuronal cells (PubMed:27133716).SUBUNIT Interacts with SRPK1 (PubMed:19240134). Interacts with HSP70 (HSPA1A or HSPA1B) (PubMed:27133716).TISSUE SPECIFICITY Ubiquitous.

UniProtO75937

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253

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Reactome DB_ID: 71923

UniProt:P26599 PTBP1

PTBP1

PTBP1PTBFUNCTION Plays a role in pre-mRNA splicing and in the regulation of alternative splicing events. Activates exon skipping of its own pre-mRNA during muscle cell differentiation. Binds to the polypyrimidine tract of introns. May promote RNA looping when bound to two separate polypyrimidine tracts in the same pre-mRNA. May promote the binding of U2 snRNP to pre-mRNA. Cooperates with RAVER1 to modulate switching between mutually exclusive exons during maturation of the TPM1 pre-mRNA. Represses the splicing of MAPT/Tau exon 10 (PubMed:15009664). In case of infection by picornaviruses, binds to the viral internal ribosome entry site (IRES) and stimulates the IRES-mediated translation (PubMed:21518806).SUBUNIT Monomer. Part of a ternary complex containing KHSRP, PTBP1, PTBP2 and HNRPH1. Interacts with RAVER1 and SFPQ.

UniProtP26599

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531

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Reactome DB_ID: 53517

UniProt:Q08211 DHX9

DHX9

LKPNDH2DHX9DDX9FUNCTION Multifunctional ATP-dependent nucleic acid helicase that unwinds DNA and RNA in a 3' to 5' direction and that plays important roles in many processes, such as DNA replication, transcriptional activation, post-transcriptional RNA regulation, mRNA translation and RNA-mediated gene silencing (PubMed:9111062, PubMed:11416126, PubMed:12711669, PubMed:15355351, PubMed:16680162, PubMed:17531811, PubMed:20669935, PubMed:21561811, PubMed:24049074, PubMed:25062910, PubMed:24990949, PubMed:28221134). Requires a 3'-single-stranded tail as entry site for acid nuclei unwinding activities as well as the binding and hydrolyzing of any of the four ribo- or deoxyribo-nucleotide triphosphates (NTPs) (PubMed:1537828). Unwinds numerous nucleic acid substrates such as double-stranded (ds) DNA and RNA, DNA:RNA hybrids, DNA and RNA forks composed of either partially complementary DNA duplexes or DNA:RNA hybrids, respectively, and also DNA and RNA displacement loops (D- and R-loops), triplex-helical DNA (H-DNA) structure and DNA and RNA-based G-quadruplexes (PubMed:20669935, PubMed:21561811, PubMed:24049074). Binds dsDNA, single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), dsRNA, ssRNA and poly(A)-containing RNA (PubMed:9111062, PubMed:10198287). Binds also to circular dsDNA or dsRNA of either linear and/or circular forms and stimulates the relaxation of supercoiled DNAs catalyzed by topoisomerase TOP2A (PubMed:12711669). Plays a role in DNA replication at origins of replication and cell cycle progression (PubMed:24990949). Plays a role as a transcriptional coactivator acting as a bridging factor between polymerase II holoenzyme and transcription factors or cofactors, such as BRCA1, CREBBP, RELA and SMN1 (PubMed:11149922, PubMed:9323138, PubMed:9662397, PubMed:11038348, PubMed:11416126, PubMed:15355351, PubMed:28221134). Binds to the CDKN2A promoter (PubMed:11038348). Plays several roles in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression (PubMed:28221134, PubMed:28355180). In cooperation with NUP98, promotes pre-mRNA alternative splicing activities of a subset of genes (PubMed:11402034, PubMed:16680162, PubMed:28221134, PubMed:28355180). As component of a large PER complex, is involved in the negative regulation of 3' transcriptional termination of circadian target genes such as PER1 and NR1D1 and the control of the circadian rhythms (By similarity). Acts also as a nuclear resolvase that is able to bind and neutralize harmful massive secondary double-stranded RNA structures formed by inverted-repeat Alu retrotransposon elements that are inserted and transcribed as parts of genes during the process of gene transposition (PubMed:28355180). Involved in the positive regulation of nuclear export of constitutive transport element (CTE)-containing unspliced mRNA (PubMed:9162007, PubMed:10924507, PubMed:11402034). Component of the coding region determinant (CRD)-mediated complex that promotes cytoplasmic MYC mRNA stability (PubMed:19029303). Plays a role in mRNA translation (PubMed:28355180). Positively regulates translation of selected mRNAs through its binding to post-transcriptional control element (PCE) in the 5'-untranslated region (UTR) (PubMed:16680162). Involved with LARP6 in the translation stimulation of type I collagen mRNAs for CO1A1 and CO1A2 through binding of a specific stem-loop structure in their 5'-UTRs (PubMed:22190748). Stimulates LIN28A-dependent mRNA translation probably by facilitating ribonucleoprotein remodeling during the process of translation (PubMed:21247876). Plays also a role as a small interfering (siRNA)-loading factor involved in the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) loading complex (RLC) assembly, and hence functions in the RISC-mediated gene silencing process (PubMed:17531811). Binds preferentially to short double-stranded RNA, such as those produced during rotavirus intestinal infection (PubMed:28636595). This interaction may mediate NLRP9 inflammasome activation and trigger inflammatory response, including IL18 release and pyroptosis (PubMed:28636595). Finally, mediates the attachment of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) to actin filaments in the nucleus (PubMed:11687588).FUNCTION (Microbial infection) Plays a role in HIV-1 replication and virion infectivity (PubMed:11096080, PubMed:19229320, PubMed:25149208, PubMed:27107641). Enhances HIV-1 transcription by facilitating the binding of RNA polymerase II holoenzyme to the proviral DNA (PubMed:11096080, PubMed:25149208). Binds (via DRBM domain 2) to the HIV-1 TAR RNA and stimulates HIV-1 transcription of transactivation response element (TAR)-containing mRNAs (PubMed:9892698, PubMed:11096080). Involved also in HIV-1 mRNA splicing and transport (PubMed:25149208). Positively regulates HIV-1 gag mRNA translation, through its binding to post-transcriptional control element (PCE) in the 5'-untranslated region (UTR) (PubMed:16680162). Binds (via DRBM domains) to a HIV-1 double-stranded RNA region of the primer binding site (PBS)-segment of the 5'-UTR, and hence stimulates DHX9 incorporation into virions and virion infectivity (PubMed:27107641). Plays also a role as a cytosolic viral MyD88-dependent DNA and RNA sensors in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), and hence induce antiviral innate immune responses (PubMed:20696886, PubMed:21957149). Binds (via the OB-fold region) to viral single-stranded DNA unmethylated C-phosphate-G (CpG) oligonucleotide (PubMed:20696886).SUBUNIT Component of the coding region determinant (CRD)-mediated complex, composed of DHX9, HNRNPU, IGF2BP1, SYNCRIP and YBX1 (PubMed:19029303). Identified in a mRNP complex, at least composed of DHX9, DDX3X, ELAVL1, HNRNPU, IGF2BP1, ILF3, PABPC1, PCBP2, PTBP2, STAU1, STAU2, SYNCRIP and YBX1 (PubMed:19029303). Identified in a IGF2BP1-dependent mRNP granule complex containing untranslated mRNAs (PubMed:17289661). The large PER complex involved in the repression of transcriptional termination is composed of at least PER2, CDK9, DDX5, DHX9, NCBP1 and POLR2A (active) (By similarity). Associates (via DRBM domains) with the RISC complex; this association occurs in a small interfering (siRNA)-dependent manner (PubMed:17531811, PubMed:23361462). Associates with the SMN complex; this association induces recruitment of DHX9 to the RNA polymerase II (ref.8). Associates with polysomes in a LIN28A-dependent manner (PubMed:16680162, PubMed:21247876). Interacts (via C-terminus) with ACTB; this interaction is direct and mediates the attachment to nuclear ribonucleoprotein complexes (PubMed:11687588). Interacts with ADAR isoform 1; this interaction occurs in a RNA-independent manner (PubMed:28355180). Interacts (via DRBM domains) with AGO2 (via middle region); this interaction promotes active RISC assembly by promoting the association of siRNA with AGO2 (PubMed:17531811, PubMed:23361462). Interacts (via RGG region) with AKAP8L (via N-terminus) (PubMed:11402034). Interacts with BRCA1 (via C-terminus); this interaction is direct and links BRCA1 to the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme (PubMed:9662397). Interacts (via N-terminus) with CREBBP; this interaction mediates association with RNA polymerase II holoenzyme and stimulates CREB-dependent transcriptional activation (PubMed:9323138). Interacts (via N-terminus) with EIF2AK2/PKR; this interaction is dependent upon the activation of the kinase (PubMed:19229320). Interacts (via DRBM domains) with DICER1 (PubMed:17531811). Interacts with H2AX; this interaction is direct, requires phosphorylation of histone H2AX on 'Ser-140' by PRKDC and promotes binding of DHX9 to transcriptionally stalled sites on chromosomal DNA in response to genotoxic stress (PubMed:15613478, PubMed:17498979). Interacts with HNRNPC; this interaction is direct, enhanced probably by their concomitant binding to RNA and mediates the attachment to actin filaments (PubMed:11687588). Interacts (via RGG region) with PRMT1 (PubMed:15084609). Interacts with IGF2BP1 (PubMed:17289661, PubMed:23640942). Interacts with IGF2BP2, IGF2BP3 (PubMed:23640942). Interacts (via DRBM domains) with ILF3; this interaction occurs in a RNA-independent manner (PubMed:12946349). Interacts with Importin alpha/Importin beta receptor (PubMed:16375861). Interacts with LARP6 (via C-terminus); this interaction occurs in a mRNA-independent manner (PubMed:22190748). Interacts (via N- and C-terminus) with LIN28A (via C-terminus); this interaction occurs in a RNA-independent manner (PubMed:21247876). Interacts with LMX1B (PubMed:23308148). Interacts (via helicase C-terminal domain, HA2 and OB-fold regions) with MAVS (via CARD domain); this interaction occurs in both resting and double-stranded RNA poly(I:C)-induced cells (PubMed:21957149). Interacts with MBD2; this interaction stimulates transcriptional activation in a CREB-dependent manner (PubMed:12665568). Interacts (via H2A and OB-fold regions) with MYD88 (via TIR domain); this interaction is direct (PubMed:20696886). Interacts with NLRP9 upon rotavirus infection; this interaction may trigger NLRP9 inflammasome activation and inflammatory response (PubMed:28636595). Interacts (via DRBM, OB-fold and RGG regions) with NUP98 (via N-terminus); this interaction occurs in a RNA-dependent manner and stimulates DHX9-mediated ATPase activity and regulates transcription and splicing of a subset of genes (PubMed:28221134). Interacts (via N-terminus) with NXF1 (via N-terminus); this interaction is direct and negatively regulates NXF1-mediated nuclear export of constitutive transport element (CTE)-containing cellular mRNAs (PubMed:10924507). Interacts with RELA; this interaction is direct and activates NF-kappa-B-mediated transcription (PubMed:15355351). Interacts (via MTAD region) with RNA polymerase II holoenzyme; this interaction stimulates transcription activation in a CREB-dependent manner (PubMed:11149922, PubMed:9323138, PubMed:11416126). Interacts (via RGG region) with SMN1; this interaction links SMN1 to the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme (PubMed:11149922). Interacts with SP7 (PubMed:17303075). Interacts (via DRBM domains) with TARBP2 (via DRBM first and second domains); this interaction occurs in a small interfering (siRNA)-dependent manner (PubMed:17531811, PubMed:23361462). Interacts with TOP2A; this interaction occurs in a E2 enzyme UBE2I- and RNA-dependent manner, negatively regulates DHX9-mediated double-stranded DNA and RNA duplex helicase activity and stimulates TOP2A-mediated supercoiled DNA relaxation activity (PubMed:12711669). Interacts (via DRBM domains and C-terminus) with WRN (via 3'-5' exonuclease domain); this interaction inhibits the DNA-dependent NTPase and DNA helicase activities of DHX9 and stimulates the 3'-5' exonuclease activity of WRN (PubMed:15995249). Interacts with XRCC5; this interaction occurs in a RNA-dependent manner (PubMed:14704337). Interacts with ZIC2 (via C2H2-type domain 3) (PubMed:17251188). Interacts with MCM3AP isoform GANP (PubMed:23652018).DOMAIN DRBM domains cooperate for the binding to nucleic acid but not for unwinding helicase activity (PubMed:9111062, PubMed:25062910). The helicase-associated domain-2 (HA2) region is essential for the duplex RNA unwinding helicase activity (PubMed:25062910). The minimal transactivation region (MTAD) mediates interaction with the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme and stimulates transcriptional activation in a CREB-dependent manner (PubMed:11416126). The oligonucleotide- or oligosaccharide-binding (OB-fold) and the repeated arginine and glycine-glycine (RGG) regions are dispensable for both RNA-binding and unwinding helicase activities (PubMed:25062910). The RGG region contains both nuclear localization signal (NLS) and nuclear export signal (NES) and is necessary and sufficient for nucleocytoplasmic shuttling in a RNA-independent manner (PubMed:10207077, PubMed:11149922).PTM Methylated (PubMed:15084609). PRMT1-mediated methylation of undefined Arg residues in the RGG region is required for nuclear import of DHX9 (PubMed:15084609).PTM Phosphorylated by PRKDC; phosphorylation occurs in a RNA-dependent manner (PubMed:14704337). Phosphorylated by EIF2AK2/PKR; this phosphorylation reduces its association with double-stranded RNA (PubMed:19229320).SIMILARITY Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DEAH subfamily.

UniProtQ08211

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1270

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Reactome DB_ID: 71949

UniProt:P52272 HNRNPM

HNRNPM

HNRNPMHNRPMNAGR1FUNCTION Pre-mRNA binding protein in vivo, binds avidly to poly(G) and poly(U) RNA homopolymers in vitro. Involved in splicing. Acts as a receptor for carcinoembryonic antigen in Kupffer cells, may initiate a series of signaling events leading to tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins and induction of IL-1 alpha, IL-6, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor alpha cytokines.SUBUNIT Identified in the spliceosome C complex.PTM Sumoylated.

UniProtP52272

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730

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Reactome DB_ID: 71939

UniProt:P38159 RBMX

RBMX

HNRPGRBMXRBMXP1FUNCTION RNA-binding protein that plays several role in the regulation of pre- and post-transcriptional processes. Implicated in tissue-specific regulation of gene transcription and alternative splicing of several pre-mRNAs. Binds to and stimulates transcription from the tumor suppressor TXNIP gene promoter; may thus be involved in tumor suppression. When associated with SAFB, binds to and stimulates transcription from the SREBF1 promoter. Associates with nascent mRNAs transcribed by RNA polymerase II. Component of the supraspliceosome complex that regulates pre-mRNA alternative splice site selection. Can either activate or suppress exon inclusion; acts additively with TRA2B to promote exon 7 inclusion of the survival motor neuron SMN2. Represses the splicing of MAPT/Tau exon 10. Binds preferentially to single-stranded 5'-CC[A/C]-rich RNA sequence motifs localized in a single-stranded conformation; probably binds RNA as a homodimer. Binds non-specifically to pre-mRNAs. Plays also a role in the cytoplasmic TNFR1 trafficking pathways; promotes both the IL-1-beta-mediated inducible proteolytic cleavage of TNFR1 ectodomains and the release of TNFR1 exosome-like vesicles to the extracellular compartment.SUBUNIT Homomultimer. Interacts with SAFB/SAFB1 (By similarity). Found in the supraspliceosome complex. Identified in the spliceosome C complex. Interacts with KHDRBS3. Forms a complex with ILF2, ILF3, YLPM1, KHDRBS1, NCOA5 and PPP1CA. Interacts with CLK2, KHDRBS2, SAFB, TRA2B and YTHDC1. Interacts with ERAP1; the interaction is RNA-independent.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Expressed strongly in oral keratinocytes, but only weakly detected in oral squamous cell carcinomas (at protein level).DOMAIN The RRM domain is necessary for RNA-binding, but not for splice site selection, indicating that its splicing activity does not require direct binding to RNA.PTM O-glycosylated.PTM Arg-185 is dimethylated, probably to asymmetric dimethylarginine.PTM Cleavage of initiator Met is partial. If Met-1 is not removed, it is acetylated. If it is removed, Val-2 is acetylated.

UniProtP38159

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391

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Reactome DB_ID: 71947

UniProt:P14866 HNRNPL

HNRNPL

HNRNPLHNRPLP/OKcl.14FUNCTION Splicing factor binding to exonic or intronic sites and acting as either an activator or repressor of exon inclusion. Exhibits a binding preference for CA-rich elements (PubMed:11809897, PubMed:22570490, PubMed:24164894, PubMed:25623890, PubMed:26051023). Component of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) complexes and associated with most nascent transcripts (PubMed:2687284). Associates, together with APEX1, to the negative calcium responsive element (nCaRE) B2 of the APEX2 promoter (PubMed:11809897).SUBUNIT Identified in a IGF2BP1-dependent mRNP granule complex containing untranslated mRNAs (PubMed:17289661). Interacts with HNRNPLL (PubMed:18669861). Interacts with APEX1; the interaction is DNA-dependent (PubMed:11809897). Component of a complex with SETD2 (PubMed:19332550). Interacts with ELAVL1 (PubMed:18161049).DOMAIN RRM domain 2 has moderate RNA-binding affinity. RRM domains 3 and 4 may facilitate RNA looping when binding to two appropriately separated binding sites within the same target pre-mRNA (PubMed:23782695).PTM Several isoelectric forms of the L protein are probably the results of post-translational modifications.PTM Phosphorylation at Ser-544 by CaMK4 enhances interaction with a CaMK4-responsive RNA element (CaRRE1), and prevents inclusion of the stress axis-regulated exon (STREX) of the KCNMA1 potassium channel transcripts upon membrane depolarization.MISCELLANEOUS Excess hnRNP L activates NMD of its own mRNA by promoting the inclusion of a 'poison exon' containing a premature stop codon and leading to nonsense-mediated decay. It also cross-regulates inclusion of an analogous 'poison exon' in the hnRNP L-like pre-mRNA (PubMed:19124611).

UniProtP14866

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589

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Reactome DB_ID: 71921

UniProt:Q15366 PCBP2

PCBP2

PCBP2FUNCTION Single-stranded nucleic acid binding protein that binds preferentially to oligo dC. Major cellular poly(rC)-binding protein. Binds also poly(rU). Negatively regulates cellular antiviral responses mediated by MAVS signaling (PubMed:19881509). It acts as an adapter between MAVS and the E3 ubiquitin ligase ITCH, therefore triggering MAVS ubiquitination and degradation (PubMed:19881509).FUNCTION (Microbial infection) In case of infection by poliovirus, binds to the viral internal ribosome entry site (IRES) and stimulates the IRES-mediated translation (PubMed:12414943, PubMed:24371074). Also plays a role in initiation of viral RNA replication in concert with the viral protein 3CD (PubMed:12414943).SUBUNIT Identified in a mRNP complex, at least composed of DHX9, DDX3X, ELAVL1, HNRNPU, IGF2BP1, ILF3, PABPC1, PCBP2, PTBP2, STAU1, STAU2, SYNCRIP and YBX1. Interacts with IFIH1 and RNF135. Interacts with MAVS (via C-terminus) and ITCH (via WW domains).TISSUE SPECIFICITY Detected in all tissues examined.DOMAIN The KH domains mediates poly(C) binding.PTM Phosphorylated. The non-phosphorylated form(s) exhibited the strongest poly(rC)-binding activity.PTM (Microbial infection) Proteolyticaly cleaved by picornavirus proteinase 3CD.

UniProtQ15366

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365

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Reactome DB_ID: 156649

UniProt:Q86V81 ALYREF

ALYREF

BEFALYREFTHOC4ALYFUNCTION Export adapter involved in nuclear export of spliced and unspliced mRNA. Binds mRNA which is thought to be transferred to the NXF1-NXT1 heterodimer for export (TAP/NFX1 pathway) (PubMed:15833825, PubMed:15998806, PubMed:17190602, PubMed:11707413, PubMed:11675789, PubMed:11979277, PubMed:18364396, PubMed:22144908, PubMed:22893130, PubMed:23222130, PubMed:25662211). Component of the TREX complex which is thought to couple mRNA transcription, processing and nuclear export, and specifically associates with spliced mRNA and not with unspliced pre-mRNA (PubMed:15833825, PubMed:15998806, PubMed:17190602). TREX is recruited to spliced mRNAs by a transcription-independent mechanism, binds to mRNA upstream of the exon-junction complex (EJC) and is recruited in a splicing- and cap-dependent manner to a region near the 5' end of the mRNA where it functions in mRNA export to the cytoplasm (PubMed:15833825, PubMed:15998806, PubMed:17190602). TREX recruitment occurs via an interaction between ALYREF/THOC4 and the cap-binding protein NCBP1 (PubMed:15833825, PubMed:15998806, PubMed:17190602). The TREX complex is essential for the export of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) intronless mRNAs and infectious virus production; ALYREF/THOC4 mediates the recruitment of the TREX complex to the intronless viral mRNA (PubMed:18974867). Required for TREX complex assembly and for linking DDX39B to the cap-binding complex (CBC) (PubMed:15998806, PubMed:17984224). In conjunction with THOC5 functions in NXF1-NXT1 mediated nuclear export of HSP70 mRNA; both proteins enhance the RNA binding activity of NXF1 and are required for NXF1 localization to the nuclear rim (PubMed:19165146). Involved in the nuclear export of intronless mRNA; proposed to be recruited to intronless mRNA by ATP-bound DDX39B. Involved in transcription elongation and genome stability (PubMed:12438613, PubMed:17984224). Involved in mRNA export of C5-methylcytosine (m5C)-containing mRNAs: specifically recognizes and binds m5C mRNAs and mediates their nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling (PubMed:28418038).FUNCTION Acts as chaperone and promotes the dimerization of transcription factors containing basic leucine zipper (bZIP) domains and thereby promotes transcriptional activation.SUBUNIT Homomultimer. Is part of several complexes involved in mRNA processing and export. Component of the transcription/export (TREX) complex at least composed of ALYREF/THOC4, DDX39B, SARNP/CIP29, CHTOP and the THO subcomplex; TREX seems to have a dynamic structure involving ATP-dependent remodeling; in the complex interacts (via C-terminus) directly with DDX39B and interacts directly with THOC1 and THOC2. Found in mRNA splicing-dependent exon junction complexes (EJC). Identified in the spliceosome C complex. Found in a mRNP complex with UPF3A and UPF3B. Interacts with RBM8A, NCBP1, THOC5, LEF1, RUNX1, EIF4A3, RNPS1, SRRM1, IWS1 and EXOSC1. Interacts with RBM15B (PubMed:19586903). Interacts with NXF1; the interaction is direct.SUBUNIT (Microbial infection) Interacts with human Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (HHV-8) ORF57 protein; this interaction allows efficient export of HHV-8 early and late intronless transcripts.SUBUNIT (Microbial infection) Interacts with HHV-1 ICP27 protein; this interaction recruits ALYREF to viral replication compartments and probably directs viral mRNA to the TAP/NFX1 pathway.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Expressed in a wide variety of cancer types.PTM Arg-204 is dimethylated, probably to asymmetric dimethylarginine. Arginine methylation reduces RNA binding.PTM Citrullinated by PADI4.MISCELLANEOUS Antibodies against ALYREF/THOC4 are found in sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).SIMILARITY Belongs to the ALYREF family.

UniProtQ86V81

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Reactome DB_ID: 71929

UniProt:P22626 HNRNPA2B1

HNRNPA2B1

HNRNPA2B1HNRPA2B1FUNCTION Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) that associates with nascent pre-mRNAs, packaging them into hnRNP particles. The hnRNP particle arrangement on nascent hnRNA is non-random and sequence-dependent and serves to condense and stabilize the transcripts and minimize tangling and knotting. Packaging plays a role in various processes such as transcription, pre-mRNA processing, RNA nuclear export, subcellular location, mRNA translation and stability of mature mRNAs (PubMed:19099192). Forms hnRNP particles with at least 20 other different hnRNP and heterogeneous nuclear RNA in the nucleus. Involved in transport of specific mRNAs to the cytoplasm in oligodendrocytes and neurons: acts by specifically recognizing and binding the A2RE (21 nucleotide hnRNP A2 response element) or the A2RE11 (derivative 11 nucleotide oligonucleotide) sequence motifs present on some mRNAs, and promotes their transport to the cytoplasm (PubMed:10567417). Specifically binds single-stranded telomeric DNA sequences, protecting telomeric DNA repeat against endonuclease digestion (By similarity). Also binds other RNA molecules, such as primary miRNA (pri-miRNAs): acts as a nuclear 'reader' of the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) mark by specifically recognizing and binding a subset of nuclear m6A-containing pri-miRNAs. Binding to m6A-containing pri-miRNAs promotes pri-miRNA processing by enhancing binding of DGCR8 to pri-miRNA transcripts (PubMed:26321680). Involved in miRNA sorting into exosomes following sumoylation, possibly by binding (m6A)-containing pre-miRNAs (PubMed:24356509). Acts as a regulator of efficiency of mRNA splicing, possibly by binding to m6A-containing pre-mRNAs (PubMed:26321680). Plays also a role in the activation of the innate immune response (PubMed:31320558). Mechanistically, senses the presence of viral DNA in the nucleus, homodimerizes and is demethylated by JMJD6 (PubMed:31320558). In turn, translocates to the cytoplasm where it activates the TBK1-IRF3 pathway, leading to interferon alpha/beta production (PubMed:31320558).FUNCTION (Microbial infection) Involved in the transport of HIV-1 genomic RNA out of the nucleus, to the microtubule organizing center (MTOC), and then from the MTOC to the cytoplasm: acts by specifically recognizing and binding the A2RE (21 nucleotide hnRNP A2 response element) sequence motifs present on HIV-1 genomic RNA, and promotes its transport.SUBUNIT Homodimer; dimerization is required for nucleocytoplasmic translocation (PubMed:31320558). Identified in the spliceosome C complex (PubMed:11991638). Identified in a IGF2BP1-dependent mRNP granule complex containing untranslated mRNAs (PubMed:17289661). Interacts with IGF2BP1 (PubMed:17289661). Interacts with C9orf72 (PubMed:24549040). Interacts with DGCR8 (PubMed:26321680). Interacts with TARDBP (PubMed:19429692). Interacts with CKAP5 (PubMed:15703215). Interacts with TBK1 (PubMed:31320558). Interacts with STING1 (PubMed:31320558). Interacts with SRC (PubMed:31320558).DOMAIN The low complexity (LC) region is intrinsically disordered. When incubated at high concentration, it is able to polymerize into labile, amyloid-like fibers and form cross-beta polymerization structures, probably driving the formation of hydrogels. In contrast to irreversible, pathogenic amyloids, the fibers polymerized from LC regions disassemble upon dilution. A number of evidence suggests that formation of cross-beta structures by LC regions mediate the formation of RNA granules, liquid-like droplets, and hydrogels.PTM Sumoylated in exosomes, promoting miRNAs-binding.PTM Asymmetric dimethylation at Arg-266 constitutes the major methylation site (By similarity). According to a report, methylation affects subcellular location and promotes nuclear localization (PubMed:10772824). According to another report, methylation at Arg-266 does not influence nucleocytoplasmic shuttling (By similarity).

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UniProt:Q8IX12 CCAR1

CCAR1

CARP1CCAR1DISFUNCTION Associates with components of the Mediator and p160 coactivator complexes that play a role as intermediaries transducing regulatory signals from upstream transcriptional activator proteins to basal transcription machinery at the core promoter. Recruited to endogenous nuclear receptor target genes in response to the appropriate hormone. Also functions as a p53 coactivator. May thus play an important role in transcriptional regulation (By similarity). May be involved in apoptosis signaling in the presence of the reinoid CD437. Apoptosis induction involves sequestration of 14-3-3 protein(s) and mediated altered expression of multiple cell cycle regulatory genes including MYC, CCNB1 and CDKN1A. Plays a role in cell cycle progression and/or cell proliferation (PubMed:12816952). In association with CALCOCO1 enhances GATA1- and MED1-mediated transcriptional activation from the gamma-globin promoter during erythroid differentiation of K562 erythroleukemia cells (PubMed:24245781). Can act as a both a coactivator and corepressor of AR-mediated transcription. Contributes to chromatin looping and AR transcription complex assembly by stabilizing AR-GATA2 association on chromatin and facilitating MED1 and RNA polymerase II recruitment to AR-binding sites. May play an important role in the growth and tumorigenesis of prostate cancer cells (PubMed:23887938).SUBUNIT Directly interacts with ESR1, NR3C1 and p53/TP53 (By similarity). Interacts (via N-terminus) with CALCOCO1. Interacts with MED1 (By similarity). Interacts with GATA1. Interacts with AR and GATA2.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Expressed in various epithelial cancer cell lines, including breast, colon, prostate, pancreatic and leukemia. Expression is regulated by growth factors.

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UniProt:Q9BXP5 SRRT

SRRT

SRRTASR2ARS2FUNCTION Acts as a mediator between the cap-binding complex (CBC) and the primary microRNAs (miRNAs) processing machinery during cell proliferation. Contributes to the stability and delivery of capped primary miRNA transcripts to the primary miRNA processing complex containing DGCR8 and DROSHA, thereby playing a role in RNA-mediated gene silencing (RNAi) by miRNAs. Binds capped RNAs (m7GpppG-capped RNA); however interaction is probably mediated via its interaction with NCBP1/CBP80 component of the CBC complex. Involved in cell cycle progression at S phase. Does not directly confer arsenite resistance but rather modulates arsenic sensitivity. Independently of its activity on miRNAs, necessary and sufficient to promote neural stem cell self-renewal. Does so by directly binding SOX2 promoter and positively regulating its transcription (By similarity).SUBUNIT Interacts with NCBP1 and DROSHA (By similarity). Interacts with CASP8AP2 and ERBB4. Interacts with LUZP4. Interacts with NCBP2/CBP20 and NCBP3 (PubMed:26382858). Interacts with MTREX (PubMed:30842217).TISSUE SPECIFICITY Ubiquitously expressed.SIMILARITY Belongs to the ARS2 family.

UniProtQ9BXP5

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UniProt:P41223 BUD31

BUD31

BUD31EDG2FUNCTION Involved in the pre-mRNA splicing process (PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28076346). May play a role as regulator of AR transcriptional activity; may increase AR transcriptional activity (PubMed:25091737).SUBUNIT Identified in the spliceosome C complex (PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28076346). May interact with AR (PubMed:25091737).TISSUE SPECIFICITY Detected in epithelial and stromal cells in benign prostate hyperplasia tissue (at protein level).DOMAIN Contains a short sequence motif (Phe-Xaa-Xaa-Phe-Tyr) that can bind to AR and may modulate AR activity.SIMILARITY Belongs to the BUD31 (G10) family.

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UniProt:Q92733 PRCC

PRCC

PRCCTPRCFUNCTION May regulate cell cycle progression through interaction with MAD2L2.SUBUNIT Interacts with MAD2L2; the interaction is direct.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Ubiquitous in fetal and adult tissues.DISEASE A chromosomal aberration involving PRCC is found in patients with papillary renal cell carcinoma. Translocation t(X;1)(p11.2;q21.2) with TFE3.

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UniProt:P52756 RBM5

RBM5

LUCA15H37RBM5FUNCTION Component of the spliceosome A complex. Regulates alternative splicing of a number of mRNAs. May modulate splice site pairing after recruitment of the U1 and U2 snRNPs to the 5' and 3' splice sites of the intron. May both positively and negatively regulate apoptosis by regulating the alternative splicing of several genes involved in this process, including FAS and CASP2/caspase-2. In the case of FAS, promotes exclusion of exon 6 thereby producing a soluble form of FAS that inhibits apoptosis. In the case of CASP2/caspase-2, promotes exclusion of exon 9 thereby producing a catalytically active form of CASP2/Caspase-2 that induces apoptosis.SUBUNIT Component of the spliceosome A complex (also known as the prespliceosome). Appears to dissociate from the spliceosome upon formation of the spliceosome B complex (also known as the precatalytic spliceosome), in which the heterotrimeric U4/U6.U5 snRNPs are bound. Interacts with U2AF2; this interaction is direct. Also interacts with ACIN1, PRPF8, SFRS3, SNRPB, SNRPN, SNRNP70 and SNRNP200; these interactions may be indirect.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Isoform 5 is widely expressed in normal tissues and is expressed at increased levels in T-leukemic cell lines.SIMILARITY Belongs to the RBM5/RBM10 family.

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UniProt:Q16629 SRSF7

SRSF7

SFRS7SRSF7FUNCTION Required for pre-mRNA splicing. Can also modulate alternative splicing in vitro. Represses the splicing of MAPT/Tau exon 10. May function as export adapter involved in mRNA nuclear export such as of histone H2A. Binds mRNA which is thought to be transferred to the NXF1-NXT1 heterodimer for export (TAP/NXF1 pathway); enhances NXF1-NXT1 RNA-binding activity. RNA-binding is semi-sequence specific.SUBUNIT Found in large molecular weight complexes containing CCNL1 and the p110 isoforms of either CDC2L1 or CDC2L2. Interacts with CCNL2 and CPSF6. Interacts with NXF1.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Brain, liver, kidney and lung.PTM Extensively phosphorylated on serine residues in the RS domain.SIMILARITY Belongs to the splicing factor SR family.

UniProtQ16629

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Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72069.4

Reactome DB_ID: 8850839

UniProt:Q92917 GPKOW

GPKOW

GPATC5T54GPKOWGPATCH5FUNCTION RNA-binding protein involved in pre-mRNA splicing.SUBUNIT Interacts with PRKX (PubMed:16491121). Interacts with DHX16 (PubMed:25296192). Interacts with PRKACB (PubMed:21880142).PTM Phosphorylation regulates its ability to bind RNA.SIMILARITY Belongs to the MOS2 family.

UniProtQ92917

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Reactome DB_ID: 72074

Spliceosomal Intermediate C (Bact) Complex [nucleoplasm]

Spliceosomal Intermediate C (Bact) Complex

Bact complex

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hTra2 [nucleoplasm]

hTra2

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hnRNP proteins [nucleoplasm]

hnRNP proteins

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Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-188950.2

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Reactome Database ID Release 7472074Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72074ReactomeR-HSA-72074

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72074.5

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Reactome Database ID Release 7472130Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72130ReactomeR-HSA-72130

Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72130.511991638Pubmed2002Purification and characterization of native spliceosomes suitable for three-dimensional structural analysis.Jurica, MSLicklider, LJGygi, SRGrigorieff, NMoore, MJRNA 8:426-3912176931Pubmed2002Large-scale proteomic analysis of the human spliceosome.Rappsilber, JRyder, ULamond, AIMann, MGenome Res 12:1231-4512411573Pubmed2002Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein remodeling during catalytic activation of the spliceosomeMakarov, Evgeny MMakarova, Olga VUrlaub, HenningGentzel, MarcWill, Cindy LWilm, MatthiasLührmann, ReinhardScience 298:2205-82963332Pubmed1988Spliceosome assembly involves the binding and release of U4 small nuclear ribonucleoproteinLamond, A IKonarska, M MGrabowski, P JSharp, P AProc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85:411-520980672Pubmed2010Characterization of purified human Bact spliceosomal complexes reveals compositional and morphological changes during spliceosome activation and first step catalysisBessonov, SergeyAnokhina, MariaKrasauskas, AndriusGolas, Monika MSander, BjoernWill, Cindy LUrlaub, HenningStark, HolgerLührmann, ReinhardRNA 16:2384-403