BioPAX pathway converted from "LYZ binds bacterial peptidoglycan" in the Reactome database.LYZ binds bacterial peptidoglycanLYZ binds bacterial peptidoglycanHuman lysozyme (LYZ), also known as 1,4-beta-N-acetylmuramidase C, is found in human secretions such as tears, milk, mucus and saliva (Surna A et al. 2009; Minami J et al. 2015; Sahin O et al. 2016; Masschalck B & Michiels CW. 2003). LYZ functions primarily as a bacteriolytic agent by catalyzing hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in the bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan (Schindler M et al. 1977; Surna A et al. 2009). Nonenzymatic bactericidal activity of LYZ has been documented as well and is generally associated with the cationic properties of LYZ (Ito Y et al. 1997; Nash JA et al. 2006). LYZ acts against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria such as Peptostreptococcus micros, Eubacterium nodatum, Eikenella corrodens, Fusobacterium periodontium and Campylobacter rectus (Laible & Germaine 1985, Surna A et al. 2009; Tenovuo J 2002). Authored: Shamovsky, Veronica, 2015-10-05Reviewed: Hains, David S, 2016-08-02Reviewed: Jupe, Steve, 2016-04-15Edited: Shamovsky, Veronica, 2016-08-15Reactome DB_ID: 67891981cell wallGO0005618beta-GlcNAc-(1->4)-MurNAc-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-(D-Ala)2 [ChEBI:55424]beta-GlcNAc-(1->4)-MurNAc-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-(D-Ala)2Reactomehttp://www.reactome.orgChEBI55424Reactome DB_ID: 68062021extracellular regionGO0005576UniProt:P61626 LYZLYZLYZLZMFUNCTION Lysozymes have primarily a bacteriolytic function; those in tissues and body fluids are associated with the monocyte-macrophage system and enhance the activity of immunoagents.SUBUNIT Monomer.MISCELLANEOUS Lysozyme C is capable of both hydrolysis and transglycosylation; it shows also a slight esterase activity. It acts rapidly on both peptide-substituted and unsubstituted peptidoglycan, and slowly on chitin oligosaccharides.SIMILARITY Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 22 family.Homo sapiensNCBI Taxonomy9606UniProtP61626Chain Coordinates19EQUAL148EQUALReactome DB_ID: 88622931LYZ:PGN [extracellular region]LYZ:PGNReactome DB_ID: 67891981Reactome DB_ID: 6806202119EQUAL148EQUALReactome Database ID Release 758862293Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8862293ReactomeR-HSA-88622937Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8862293.7Reactome Database ID Release 758862300Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8862300ReactomeR-HSA-88623001Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8862300.126503736Pubmed2015Lysozyme in breast milk is a selection factor for bifidobacterial colonisation in the infant intestineMinami, JOdamaki, THashikura, NAbe, FXiao, J ZBenef Microbes1-83922894Pubmed1985Bactericidal activity of human lysozyme, muramidase-inactive lysozyme, and cationic polypeptides against Streptococcus sanguis and Streptococcus faecalis: inhibition by chitin oligosaccharidesLaible, N JGermaine, G RInfect. Immun. 48:720-813816Pubmed1977Mechanism of lysozyme catalysis: role of ground-state strain in subsite D in hen egg-white and human lysozymesSchindler, MAssaf, YSharon, NChipman, D MBiochemistry 16:423-3126879979Pubmed2016The serum angiotensin converting enzyme and lysozyme levels in patients with ocular involvement of autoimmune and infectious diseasesSahin, OzlemZiaei, AlirezaKaraismailoğlu, EdaTaheri, NusretBMC Ophthalmol 16:199357984Pubmed1997Bactericidal activity of human lysozymes carrying various lengths of polyproline chain at the C-terminusIto, YKwon, O HUeda, MTanaka, AImanishi, YFEBS Lett. 415:285-819179970Pubmed2009Lysozyme and microbiota in relation to gingivitis and periodontitisSurna, AlgimantasKubilius, RicardasSakalauskiene, JurginaVitkauskiene, AstraJonaitis, JuozasSaferis, ViktorasGleiznys, AlvydasMed. Sci. Monit. 15:CR66-7316785549Pubmed2006The peptidoglycan-degrading property of lysozyme is not required for bactericidal activity in vivoNash, James ABallard, Tiffany Nicole SWeaver, Timothy EAkinbi, Henry TJ. Immunol. 177:519-2611936452Pubmed2002Clinical applications of antimicrobial host proteins lactoperoxidase, lysozyme and lactoferrin in xerostomia: efficacy and safetyTenovuo, JOral Dis 8:23-914582617Pubmed2003Antimicrobial properties of lysozyme in relation to foodborne vegetative bacteriaMasschalck, BarbaraMichiels, Chris WCrit. Rev. Microbiol. 29:191-214