BioPAX pathway converted from "Toll Like Receptor 2 (TLR2) Cascade" in the Reactome database.Toll Like Receptor 2 (TLR2) CascadeThis event has been computationally inferred from an event that has been demonstrated in another species.<p>The inference is based on the homology mapping from PANTHER. Briefly, reactions for which all involved PhysicalEntities (in input, output and catalyst) have a mapped orthologue/paralogue (for complexes at least 75% of components must have a mapping) are inferred to the other species. High level events are also inferred for these events to allow for easier navigation.<p><a href='/electronic_inference_compara.html' target = 'NEW'>More details and caveats of the event inference in Reactome.</a> For details on PANTHER see also: <a href='http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp' target='NEW'>http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp</a>Toll Like Receptor TLR1:TLR2 CascadeThis event has been computationally inferred from an event that has been demonstrated in another species.<p>The inference is based on the homology mapping from PANTHER. Briefly, reactions for which all involved PhysicalEntities (in input, output and catalyst) have a mapped orthologue/paralogue (for complexes at least 75% of components must have a mapping) are inferred to the other species. High level events are also inferred for these events to allow for easier navigation.<p><a href='/electronic_inference_compara.html' target = 'NEW'>More details and caveats of the event inference in Reactome.</a> For details on PANTHER see also: <a href='http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp' target='NEW'>http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp</a>MyD88:MAL(TIRAP) cascade initiated on plasma membraneThis event has been computationally inferred from an event that has been demonstrated in another species.<p>The inference is based on the homology mapping from PANTHER. Briefly, reactions for which all involved PhysicalEntities (in input, output and catalyst) have a mapped orthologue/paralogue (for complexes at least 75% of components must have a mapping) are inferred to the other species. High level events are also inferred for these events to allow for easier navigation.<p><a href='/electronic_inference_compara.html' target = 'NEW'>More details and caveats of the event inference in Reactome.</a> For details on PANTHER see also: <a href='http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp' target='NEW'>http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp</a>MAP kinase activationThis event has been computationally inferred from an event that has been demonstrated in another species.<p>The inference is based on the homology mapping from PANTHER. Briefly, reactions for which all involved PhysicalEntities (in input, output and catalyst) have a mapped orthologue/paralogue (for complexes at least 75% of components must have a mapping) are inferred to the other species. High level events are also inferred for these events to allow for easier navigation.<p><a href='/electronic_inference_compara.html' target = 'NEW'>More details and caveats of the event inference in Reactome.</a> For details on PANTHER see also: <a href='http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp' target='NEW'>http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp</a>JNK (c-Jun kinases) phosphorylation and activation mediated by activated human TAK1This event has been computationally inferred from an event that has been demonstrated in another species.<p>The inference is based on the homology mapping from PANTHER. Briefly, reactions for which all involved PhysicalEntities (in input, output and catalyst) have a mapped orthologue/paralogue (for complexes at least 75% of components must have a mapping) are inferred to the other species. High level events are also inferred for these events to allow for easier navigation.<p><a href='/electronic_inference_compara.html' target = 'NEW'>More details and caveats of the event inference in Reactome.</a> For details on PANTHER see also: <a href='http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp' target='NEW'>http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp</a>LEFT-TO-RIGHT2.7.11Phosphorylation of human JNKs by activated MKK4/MKK7This event has been computationally inferred from an event that has been demonstrated in another species.<p>The inference is based on the homology mapping from PANTHER. Briefly, reactions for which all involved PhysicalEntities (in input, output and catalyst) have a mapped orthologue/paralogue (for complexes at least 75% of components must have a mapping) are inferred to the other species. High level events are also inferred for these events to allow for easier navigation.<p><a href='/electronic_inference_compara.html' target = 'NEW'>More details and caveats of the event inference in Reactome.</a> For details on PANTHER see also: <a href='http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp' target='NEW'>http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp</a>Converted from EntitySet in ReactomeMAPK8,9,10JNKs: MAPK8_MAPK9_MAPK10Reactome DB_ID: 10732561Converted from EntitySet in ReactomeHomologues of MAPK8Reactome DB_ID: 10732543HOG1MAPK8P32485Reactome DB_ID: 10732537cytosolGENE ONTOLOGYGO:0005829UniProt:P32485HOG1Saccharomyces cerevisiaeNCBI Taxonomy4932UniProtP324851EQUAL427EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510732537Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732537ReactomeR-SCE-1681411Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-168141.1Reactomehttp://www.reactome.orgSMK1MAPK8P41808Reactome DB_ID: 10732539UniProt:P41808SMK1UniProtP418081EQUAL427EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510732539Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732539ReactomeR-SCE-168141-21Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-168141-2.1SLT2MAPK8Q00772Reactome DB_ID: 10732541UniProt:Q00772SLT2UniProtQ007721EQUAL427EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510732541Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732541ReactomeR-SCE-168141-31Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-168141-3.1Reactome Database ID Release 7510732543Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732543ReactomeR-SCE-168141-41Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-168141-4.1Converted from EntitySet in ReactomeHomologues of MAPK9Reactome DB_ID: 10732551HOG1MAPK9P32485Reactome DB_ID: 107325451EQUAL424EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510732545Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732545ReactomeR-SCE-4503551Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-450355.1SMK1MAPK9P41808Reactome DB_ID: 107325471EQUAL424EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510732547Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732547ReactomeR-SCE-450355-21Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-450355-2.1SLT2MAPK9Q00772Reactome DB_ID: 107325491EQUAL424EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510732549Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732549ReactomeR-SCE-450355-31Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-450355-3.1Reactome Database ID Release 7510732551Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732551ReactomeR-SCE-450355-41Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-450355-4.1Converted from EntitySet in ReactomeHomologues of MAPK10Reactome DB_ID: 10732559HOG1MAPK10P32485Reactome DB_ID: 107325531EQUAL464EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510732553Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732553ReactomeR-SCE-4503521Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-450352.1SMK1MAPK10P41808Reactome DB_ID: 107325551EQUAL464EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510732555Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732555ReactomeR-SCE-450352-21Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-450352-2.1SLT2MAPK10Q00772Reactome DB_ID: 107325571EQUAL464EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510732557Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732557ReactomeR-SCE-450352-31Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-450352-3.1Reactome Database ID Release 7510732559Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732559ReactomeR-SCE-450352-41Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-450352-4.1Reactome Database ID Release 7510732561Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732561ReactomeR-SCE-4502891Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-450289.1ATPAdenosine 5'-triphosphateATP(4-)Reactome DB_ID: 113592ATP(4-) [ChEBI:30616]ATP(4-)ATPatpAdenosine 5'-triphosphateChEBICHEBI:30616Reactome Database ID Release 75113592Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=113592ReactomeR-ALL-1135924Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-113592.4COMPOUNDC00002additional informationMIMI:03612Converted from EntitySet in Reactomep-MAPK8,9,10phosphorylated JNKs: MAPK8_MAPK9_MAPK10Reactome DB_ID: 10732587Converted from EntitySet in ReactomeHomologues of p-T,Y-MAPK8Reactome DB_ID: 10732569P32485phospho-HOG1p-T,Y-MAPK8Reactome DB_ID: 10732563O-phospho-L-threonineMODMOD:00047O4'-phospho-L-tyrosineMODMOD:000481EQUAL427EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510732563Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732563ReactomeR-SCE-1943711Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-194371.1P41808phospho-SMK1p-T,Y-MAPK8Reactome DB_ID: 107325651EQUAL427EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510732565Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732565ReactomeR-SCE-194371-21Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-194371-2.1Q00772phospho-SLT2p-T,Y-MAPK8Reactome DB_ID: 107325671EQUAL427EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510732567Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732567ReactomeR-SCE-194371-31Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-194371-3.1Reactome Database ID Release 7510732569Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732569ReactomeR-SCE-194371-41Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-194371-4.1Converted from EntitySet in ReactomeHomologues of p-T183,Y185-MAPK9Reactome DB_ID: 10732577P32485phospho-HOG1p-T183,Y185-MAPK9Reactome DB_ID: 10732571183EQUAL185EQUAL1EQUAL424EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510732571Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732571ReactomeR-SCE-4502931Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-450293.1P41808phospho-SMK1p-T183,Y185-MAPK9Reactome DB_ID: 10732573183EQUAL185EQUAL1EQUAL424EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510732573Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732573ReactomeR-SCE-450293-21Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-450293-2.1Q00772phospho-SLT2p-T183,Y185-MAPK9Reactome DB_ID: 10732575183EQUAL185EQUAL1EQUAL424EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510732575Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732575ReactomeR-SCE-450293-31Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-450293-3.1Reactome Database ID Release 7510732577Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732577ReactomeR-SCE-450293-41Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-450293-4.1Converted from EntitySet in ReactomeHomologues of p-T221,Y223-MAPK10Reactome DB_ID: 10732585P32485phospho-HOG1p-T221,Y223-MAPK10Reactome DB_ID: 10732579221EQUAL223EQUAL1EQUAL464EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510732579Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732579ReactomeR-SCE-4502141Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-450214.1P41808phospho-SMK1p-T221,Y223-MAPK10Reactome DB_ID: 10732581221EQUAL223EQUAL1EQUAL464EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510732581Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732581ReactomeR-SCE-450214-21Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-450214-2.1Q00772phospho-SLT2p-T221,Y223-MAPK10Reactome DB_ID: 10732583221EQUAL223EQUAL1EQUAL464EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510732583Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732583ReactomeR-SCE-450214-31Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-450214-3.1Reactome Database ID Release 7510732585Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732585ReactomeR-SCE-450214-41Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-450214-4.1Reactome Database ID Release 7510732587Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732587ReactomeR-SCE-4502261Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-450226.1ADPAdenosine 5'-diphosphateADP(3-)Reactome DB_ID: 29370ADP(3-) [ChEBI:456216]ADP(3-)ADP5&apos;-O-[(phosphonatooxy)phosphinato]adenosineADP trianionChEBICHEBI:456216Reactome Database ID Release 7529370Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=29370ReactomeR-ALL-293704Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-29370.4COMPOUNDC000082ACTIVATIONConverted from EntitySet in Reactomep-MAP2K4/p-MAP2K7phospho MKK4/ phospho MKK7Reactome DB_ID: 10732625Converted from EntitySet in ReactomeHomologues of p-S271,T275-MAP2K7Reactome DB_ID: 10732605P06784phospho-STE7p-S271,T275-MAP2K7Reactome DB_ID: 10732591UniProt:P06784STE7UniProtP06784271EQUALO-phospho-L-serineMODMOD:00046275EQUAL1EQUAL419EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510732591Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732591ReactomeR-SCE-4503531Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-450353.1P08018phospho-PBS2p-S271,T275-MAP2K7Reactome DB_ID: 10732595UniProt:P08018PBS2UniProtP08018271EQUAL275EQUAL1EQUAL419EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510732595Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732595ReactomeR-SCE-450353-21Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-450353-2.1P32490phospho-MKK1p-S271,T275-MAP2K7Reactome DB_ID: 10732599UniProt:P32490MKK1UniProtP32490271EQUAL275EQUAL1EQUAL419EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510732599Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732599ReactomeR-SCE-450353-31Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-450353-3.1P32491phospho-MKK2p-S271,T275-MAP2K7Reactome DB_ID: 10732603UniProt:P32491MKK2UniProtP32491271EQUAL275EQUAL1EQUAL419EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510732603Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732603ReactomeR-SCE-450353-41Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-450353-4.1Reactome Database ID Release 7510732605Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732605ReactomeR-SCE-450353-51Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-450353-5.1Converted from EntitySet in ReactomeHomologues of p-S257,T261-MAP2K4Reactome DB_ID: 10732623P06784phospho-STE7p-S257,T261-MAP2K4Reactome DB_ID: 10732609257EQUAL261EQUAL1EQUAL399EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510732609Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732609ReactomeR-SCE-1681701Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-168170.1P08018phospho-PBS2p-S257,T261-MAP2K4Reactome DB_ID: 10732613257EQUAL261EQUAL1EQUAL399EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510732613Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732613ReactomeR-SCE-168170-21Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-168170-2.1P32490phospho-MKK1p-S257,T261-MAP2K4Reactome DB_ID: 10732617257EQUAL261EQUAL1EQUAL399EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510732617Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732617ReactomeR-SCE-168170-31Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-168170-3.1P32491phospho-MKK2p-S257,T261-MAP2K4Reactome DB_ID: 10732621257EQUAL261EQUAL1EQUAL399EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510732621Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732621ReactomeR-SCE-168170-41Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-168170-4.1Reactome Database ID Release 7510732623Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732623ReactomeR-SCE-168170-51Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-168170-5.1Reactome Database ID Release 7510732625Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732625ReactomeR-SCE-4502991Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-450299.1GENE ONTOLOGYGO:0008545gene ontology term for cellular functionMIMI:0355Same Catalyst ActivityReactome Database ID Release 7510732626Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732626Reactome Database ID Release 7510732628Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732628ReactomeR-SCE-1681621Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-168162.1Activated human JNK kinases (MKK4 and MKK7) phosphorylate Thr183 and Tyr185 residues in the characteristic Thr-Pro-Tyr phosphoacceptor loop of each JNK. <p>JNK is differentially regulated by MKK4 and MKK7 depending on the stimulus. MKK7 is the primary activator of JNK in TNF, LPS, and PGN responses. However, TLR3 cascade requires both MKK4 and MKK7. Some studies reported that in three JNK isoforms tested MKK4 shows a striking preference for the tyrosine residue (Tyr-185), and MKK7 a striking preference for the threonine residue (Thr-183). 17875933Pubmed2007Targeted deletion of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 gene in the nervous system causes severe brain developmental defects and premature deathWang, XNadarajah, BRobinson, ACMcColl, BWJin, JWDajas-Bailador, FBoot-Handford, RPTournier, CMol Cell Biol 27:7935-4618713996Pubmed2008Synoviocyte innate immune responses: I. Differential regulation of interferon responses and the JNK pathway by MAPK kinasesYoshizawa, THammaker, DSweeney, SEBoyle, DLFirestein, GSJ Immunol 181:3252-813130464Pubmed2003Expression of the MAPK kinases MKK-4 and MKK-7 in rheumatoid arthritis and their role as key regulators of JNKSundarrajan, MBoyle, DLChabaud-Riou, MHammaker, DFirestein, GSArthritis Rheum 48:2450-6016186825Pubmed2005Essential function for the kinase TAK1 in innate and adaptive immune responsesSato, SSanjo, HTakeda, KNinomiya-Tsuji, JYamamoto, MKawai, TMatsumoto, KTakeuchi, OAkira, ShizuoNat Immunol 6:1087-9511062067Pubmed2000Synergistic activation of stress-activated protein kinase 1/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAPK1/JNK) isoforms by mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 (MKK4) and MKK7Fleming, YArmstrong, CGMorrice, NPaterson, AGoedert, MCohen, PBiochem J 352:145-549162092Pubmed1997Characterization of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 (MKK4)/c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase 1 and MKK3/p38 pathways regulated by MEK kinases 2 and 3. MEK kinase 3 activates MKK3 but does not cause activation of p38 kinase in vivo.Deacon, KBlank, JLJ Biol Chem 272:14489-96inferred from electronic annotationEVIDENCE CODEECO:0000203LEFT-TO-RIGHTActivated human JNKs migrate to nucleoplasmThis event has been computationally inferred from an event that has been demonstrated in another species.<p>The inference is based on the homology mapping from PANTHER. Briefly, reactions for which all involved PhysicalEntities (in input, output and catalyst) have a mapped orthologue/paralogue (for complexes at least 75% of components must have a mapping) are inferred to the other species. High level events are also inferred for these events to allow for easier navigation.<p><a href='/electronic_inference_compara.html' target = 'NEW'>More details and caveats of the event inference in Reactome.</a> For details on PANTHER see also: <a href='http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp' target='NEW'>http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp</a>Converted from EntitySet in Reactomep-MAPK8,9,10Phosphorylated JNKs: MAPK8, MAPK9, MAPK10Reactome DB_ID: 10732510Converted from EntitySet in ReactomeHomologues of p-T,Y-MAPK8Reactome DB_ID: 10732480P32485phospho-HOG1p-T,Y-MAPK8Reactome DB_ID: 10732470nucleoplasmGENE ONTOLOGYGO:00056541EQUAL427EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510732470Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732470ReactomeR-SCE-2163491Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-216349.1P41808phospho-SMK1p-T,Y-MAPK8Reactome DB_ID: 107324741EQUAL427EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510732474Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732474ReactomeR-SCE-216349-21Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-216349-2.1Q00772phospho-SLT2p-T,Y-MAPK8Reactome DB_ID: 107324781EQUAL427EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510732478Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732478ReactomeR-SCE-216349-31Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-216349-3.1Reactome Database ID Release 7510732480Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732480ReactomeR-SCE-216349-41Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-216349-4.1Converted from EntitySet in ReactomeHomologues of p-T183,Y185-MAPK9Reactome DB_ID: 10732494P32485phospho-HOG1p-T183,Y185-MAPK9Reactome DB_ID: 107324841EQUAL424EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510732484Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732484ReactomeR-SCE-4503191Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-450319.1P41808phospho-SMK1p-T183,Y185-MAPK9Reactome DB_ID: 107324881EQUAL424EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510732488Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732488ReactomeR-SCE-450319-21Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-450319-2.1Q00772phospho-SLT2p-T183,Y185-MAPK9Reactome DB_ID: 107324921EQUAL424EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510732492Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732492ReactomeR-SCE-450319-31Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-450319-3.1Reactome Database ID Release 7510732494Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732494ReactomeR-SCE-450319-41Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-450319-4.1Converted from EntitySet in ReactomeHomologues of p-T221,Y223-MAPK10Reactome DB_ID: 10732508P32485phospho-HOG1p-T221,Y223-MAPK10Reactome DB_ID: 107324981EQUAL464EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510732498Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732498ReactomeR-SCE-4503111Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-450311.1P41808phospho-SMK1p-T221,Y223-MAPK10Reactome DB_ID: 107325021EQUAL464EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510732502Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732502ReactomeR-SCE-450311-21Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-450311-2.1Q00772phospho-SLT2p-T221,Y223-MAPK10Reactome DB_ID: 107325061EQUAL464EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510732506Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732506ReactomeR-SCE-450311-31Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-450311-3.1Reactome Database ID Release 7510732508Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732508ReactomeR-SCE-450311-41Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-450311-4.1Reactome Database ID Release 7510732510Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732510ReactomeR-SCE-4502531Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-450253.1Reactome Database ID Release 7510737361Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10737361ReactomeR-SCE-4503481Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-450348.1c-Jun NH2 terminal kinase (JNK) plays a role in conveying signals from the cytosol to the nucleus, where they associate and activate their target transcription factors.12193592Pubmed2002Evidence of functional modulation of the MEKK/JNK/cJun signaling cascade by the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP)Lutz, CNimpf, JJenny, MBoecklinger, KEnzinger, CUtermann, GBaier-Bitterlich, GBaier, GJ Biol Chem 277:43143-519195981Pubmed1997A novel mechanism of JNK1 activation. Nuclear translocation and activation of JNK1 during ischemia and reperfusion.Mizukami, YYoshioka, KMorimoto, SYoshida, KJ Biol Chem 272:16657-62Reactome Database ID Release 7510753613Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10753613ReactomeR-SCE-4503211Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-450321.1GENE ONTOLOGYGO:0007254gene ontology term for cellular processMIMI:0359C-Jun NH2 terminal kinases (JNKs) are an evolutionarily conserved family of serine/threonine protein kinases, that belong to mitogen activated protein kinase family (MAPKs - also known as stress-activated protein kinases, SAPKs). The JNK pathway is activated by heat shock, or inflammatory cytokines, or UV radiation. <p>The JNKs are encoded by at least three genes: JNK1/SAPK-gamma, JNK2/SAPK-alpha and JNK3/ SAPK-beta. The first two are ubiquitously expressed, whereas the JNK3 protein is found mainly in brain and to a lesser extent in heart and testes. As a result of alternative gene splicing all cells express distinct active forms of JNK from 46 to 55 kDa in size. Sequence alignment of these different products shows homologies of >80%. In spite of this similarity, the multiple JNK isoforms differ in their ability to bind and phosphorylate different target proteins, thus leading to the distinctive cellular processes: induction of apoptosis, or enhancment of cell survival, or proliferation.<p>Activation of JNKs is mediated by activated TAK1 which phosphorylates two dual specificity enzymes MKK4 (MAPK kinase 4) and MKK7(MAPK kinase 7).26988982Pubmed2016IL-17 mediates inflammatory reactions via p38/c-Fos and JNK/c-Jun activation in an AP-1-dependent manner in human nucleus pulposus cellsLi, Jing-kunNie, LinZhao, Yun-pengZhang, Yuan-qiangWang, XiaoqingWang, Shuai-shuaiLiu, YiZhao, HuaCheng, LeiJ Transl Med 14:7716937364Pubmed2006The isoform-specific functions of the c-Jun N-terminal Kinases (JNKs): differences revealed by gene targetingBogoyevitch, MABioessays 28:923-3415837794Pubmed2005Simultaneous blockade of NFkappaB, JNK, and p38 MAPK by a kinase-inactive mutant of the protein kinase TAK1 sensitizes cells to apoptosis and affects a distinct spectrum of tumor necrosis factor [corrected] target genesThiefes, AWolter, SMushinski, JFHoffmann, EDittrich-Breiholz, OGraue, NDörrie, ASchneider, HWirth, DLuckow, BResch, KKracht, MJ Biol Chem 280:27728-419851932Pubmed1998Defective T cell differentiation in the absence of Jnk1Dong, CYang, DDWysk, MWhitmarsh, AJDavis, RJFlavell, RAScience 282:2092-511460167Pubmed2001TAK1 is a ubiquitin-dependent kinase of MKK and IKKWang, CDeng, LHong, MAkkaraju, GRInoue, JChen, ZJNature 412:346-518177321Pubmed1994The stress-activated protein kinase subfamily of c-Jun kinasesKyriakis, JMBanerjee, PNikolakaki, EDai, TRubie, EAAhmad, MFAvruch, JosephWoodgett, JRNature 369:156-60activated TAK1 mediates p38 MAPK activationThis event has been computationally inferred from an event that has been demonstrated in another species.<p>The inference is based on the homology mapping from PANTHER. Briefly, reactions for which all involved PhysicalEntities (in input, output and catalyst) have a mapped orthologue/paralogue (for complexes at least 75% of components must have a mapping) are inferred to the other species. High level events are also inferred for these events to allow for easier navigation.<p><a href='/electronic_inference_compara.html' target = 'NEW'>More details and caveats of the event inference in Reactome.</a> For details on PANTHER see also: <a href='http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp' target='NEW'>http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp</a>LEFT-TO-RIGHTPhosphorylated MKK3/MKK6 migrates to nucleusThis event has been computationally inferred from an event that has been demonstrated in another species.<p>The inference is based on the homology mapping from PANTHER. Briefly, reactions for which all involved PhysicalEntities (in input, output and catalyst) have a mapped orthologue/paralogue (for complexes at least 75% of components must have a mapping) are inferred to the other species. High level events are also inferred for these events to allow for easier navigation.<p><a href='/electronic_inference_compara.html' target = 'NEW'>More details and caveats of the event inference in Reactome.</a> For details on PANTHER see also: <a href='http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp' target='NEW'>http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp</a>Converted from EntitySet in Reactomep-MKK3,p-MKK6p-S189,T193-MAP2K3, p-S207,T211-MAP2K6Reactome DB_ID: 10737291Converted from EntitySet in ReactomeHomologues of p-S189,T193-MAP2K3Reactome DB_ID: 10737271P06784phospho-STE7p-S189,T193-MAP2K3Reactome DB_ID: 10737257189EQUAL193EQUAL1EQUAL347EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510737257Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10737257ReactomeR-SCE-1679551Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-167955.1P08018phospho-PBS2p-S189,T193-MAP2K3Reactome DB_ID: 10737261189EQUAL193EQUAL1EQUAL347EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510737261Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10737261ReactomeR-SCE-167955-21Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-167955-2.1P32490phospho-MKK1p-S189,T193-MAP2K3Reactome DB_ID: 10737265189EQUAL193EQUAL1EQUAL347EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510737265Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10737265ReactomeR-SCE-167955-31Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-167955-3.1P32491phospho-MKK2p-S189,T193-MAP2K3Reactome DB_ID: 10737269189EQUAL193EQUAL1EQUAL347EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510737269Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10737269ReactomeR-SCE-167955-41Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-167955-4.1Reactome Database ID Release 7510737271Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10737271ReactomeR-SCE-167955-51Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-167955-5.1Converted from EntitySet in ReactomeHomologues of p-S207,T211-MAP2K6Reactome DB_ID: 10737289P06784phospho-STE7p-S207,T211-MAP2K6Reactome DB_ID: 10737275207EQUAL211EQUAL1EQUAL334EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510737275Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10737275ReactomeR-SCE-2062551Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-206255.1P08018phospho-PBS2p-S207,T211-MAP2K6Reactome DB_ID: 10737279207EQUAL211EQUAL1EQUAL334EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510737279Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10737279ReactomeR-SCE-206255-21Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-206255-2.1P32490phospho-MKK1p-S207,T211-MAP2K6Reactome DB_ID: 10737283207EQUAL211EQUAL1EQUAL334EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510737283Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10737283ReactomeR-SCE-206255-31Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-206255-3.1P32491phospho-MKK2p-S207,T211-MAP2K6Reactome DB_ID: 10737287207EQUAL211EQUAL1EQUAL334EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510737287Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10737287ReactomeR-SCE-206255-41Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-206255-4.1Reactome Database ID Release 7510737289Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10737289ReactomeR-SCE-206255-51Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-206255-5.1Reactome Database ID Release 7510737291Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10737291ReactomeR-SCE-1679841Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-167984.1Converted from EntitySet in Reactomep-MKK3,p-MKK6p-S189,T193-MAP2K3, p-S207,T211-MAP2K6Reactome DB_ID: 10737313Converted from EntitySet in ReactomeHomologues of p-S189,T193-MAP2K3Reactome DB_ID: 10737301P06784phospho-STE7p-S189,T193-MAP2K3Reactome DB_ID: 107372931EQUAL347EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510737293Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10737293ReactomeR-SCE-4502291Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-450229.1P08018phospho-PBS2p-S189,T193-MAP2K3Reactome DB_ID: 107372951EQUAL347EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510737295Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10737295ReactomeR-SCE-450229-21Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-450229-2.1P32490phospho-MKK1p-S189,T193-MAP2K3Reactome DB_ID: 107372971EQUAL347EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510737297Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10737297ReactomeR-SCE-450229-31Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-450229-3.1P32491phospho-MKK2p-S189,T193-MAP2K3Reactome DB_ID: 107372991EQUAL347EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510737299Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10737299ReactomeR-SCE-450229-41Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-450229-4.1Reactome Database ID Release 7510737301Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10737301ReactomeR-SCE-450229-51Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-450229-5.1Converted from EntitySet in ReactomeHomologues of p-S207,T211-MAP2K6Reactome DB_ID: 10737311P06784phospho-STE7p-S207,T211-MAP2K6Reactome DB_ID: 107373031EQUAL334EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510737303Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10737303ReactomeR-SCE-4502581Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-450258.1P08018phospho-PBS2p-S207,T211-MAP2K6Reactome DB_ID: 107373051EQUAL334EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510737305Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10737305ReactomeR-SCE-450258-21Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-450258-2.1P32490phospho-MKK1p-S207,T211-MAP2K6Reactome DB_ID: 107373071EQUAL334EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510737307Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10737307ReactomeR-SCE-450258-31Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-450258-3.1P32491phospho-MKK2p-S207,T211-MAP2K6Reactome DB_ID: 107373091EQUAL334EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510737309Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10737309ReactomeR-SCE-450258-41Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-450258-4.1Reactome Database ID Release 7510737311Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10737311ReactomeR-SCE-450258-51Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-450258-5.1Reactome Database ID Release 7510737313Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10737313ReactomeR-SCE-4503431Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-450343.1Reactome Database ID Release 7510737315Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10737315ReactomeR-SCE-4502961Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-450296.1The p38 activators MKK3 (MAP2K3) and MKK6 (MAP2K6) were present in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm, consistent with a role in activating p38 in the nucleus.7535770Pubmed1995Pro-inflammatory cytokines and environmental stress cause p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation by dual phosphorylation on tyrosine and threonineRaingeaud, JGupta, SRogers, JSDickens, MHan, JUlevitch, RJDavis, RJJ Biol Chem 270:7420-69768359Pubmed1998Nuclear export of the stress-activated protein kinase p38 mediated by its substrate MAPKAP kinase-2Ben-Levy, RHooper, SWilson, RPaterson, HFMarshall, CJCurr Biol 8:1049-57Reactome Database ID Release 7510753983Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10753983ReactomeR-SCE-4503021Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-450302.1GENE ONTOLOGYGO:0000187p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) belongs to a highly conserved family of serine/threonine protein kinases. <p>The p38 MAPK-dependent signaling cascade is activated by pro-inflammatory or stressful stimuli such as ultraviolet radiation, oxidative injury, heat shock, cytokines, and other pro-inflammatory stimuli. p38 MAPK exists as four isoforms (alpha, beta, gamma, and delta). Of these, p38alpha and p38beta are ubiquitously expressed while p38gamma and p38delta are differentially expressed depending on tissue type. Each isoform is activated by upstream kinases including MAP kinase kinases (MKK) 3, 4, and 6, which in turn are phosphorylated by activated TAK1 at the typical Ser-Xaa-Ala-Xaa-Thr motif in their activation loops.<p>Once p38 MAPK is phosphorylated it activates numerous downstream substrates, including MAPK-activated protein kinase-2 and 3 (MAPKAPK-2 or 3) and mitogen and stress-activated kinase-1/2 (MSK1/2). MAPKAPK-2/3 and MSK1/2 function to phosphorylate heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) and cAMP-response element binding protein transcriptional factor, respectively. Other transcription factors, including activating transcription factor 2, Elk, CHOP/GADD153, and myocyte enhancer factor 2, are known to be regulated by these kinases. 10878576Pubmed2000p38 MAPK signalling cascades: ancient roles and new functionsMartin-Blanco, EBioessays 22:637-458533096Pubmed1995Identification of a member of the MAPKKK family as a potential mediator of TGF-beta signal transductionYamaguchi, KShirakabe, KShibuya, HIrie, KOishi, IUeno, NTaniguchi, TNishida, EMatsumoto, KScience 270:2008-118622669Pubmed1996MKK3- and MKK6-regulated gene expression is mediated by the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathwayRaingeaud, JWhitmarsh, AJBarrett, TDerijard, BDavis, RJMol Cell Biol 16:1247-55MAPK targets/ Nuclear events mediated by MAP kinasesThis event has been computationally inferred from an event that has been demonstrated in another species.<p>The inference is based on the homology mapping from PANTHER. Briefly, reactions for which all involved PhysicalEntities (in input, output and catalyst) have a mapped orthologue/paralogue (for complexes at least 75% of components must have a mapping) are inferred to the other species. High level events are also inferred for these events to allow for easier navigation.<p><a href='/electronic_inference_compara.html' target = 'NEW'>More details and caveats of the event inference in Reactome.</a> For details on PANTHER see also: <a href='http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp' target='NEW'>http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp</a>Activation of the AP-1 family of transcription factorsThis event has been computationally inferred from an event that has been demonstrated in another species.<p>The inference is based on the homology mapping from PANTHER. Briefly, reactions for which all involved PhysicalEntities (in input, output and catalyst) have a mapped orthologue/paralogue (for complexes at least 75% of components must have a mapping) are inferred to the other species. High level events are also inferred for these events to allow for easier navigation.<p><a href='/electronic_inference_compara.html' target = 'NEW'>More details and caveats of the event inference in Reactome.</a> For details on PANTHER see also: <a href='http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp' target='NEW'>http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp</a>LEFT-TO-RIGHT2.7.11Phosphorylated MAPKs phosphorylate ATF-2This event has been computationally inferred from an event that has been demonstrated in another species.<p>The inference is based on the homology mapping from PANTHER. Briefly, reactions for which all involved PhysicalEntities (in input, output and catalyst) have a mapped orthologue/paralogue (for complexes at least 75% of components must have a mapping) are inferred to the other species. High level events are also inferred for these events to allow for easier navigation.<p><a href='/electronic_inference_compara.html' target = 'NEW'>More details and caveats of the event inference in Reactome.</a> For details on PANTHER see also: <a href='http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp' target='NEW'>http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp</a>Converted from EntitySet in ReactomeHomologues of ATF2Reactome DB_ID: 10732423ACA1ATF2P39970Reactome DB_ID: 10732416UniProt:P39970ACA1UniProtP399701EQUAL505EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510732416Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732416ReactomeR-SCE-4503361Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-450336.1SKO1ATF2Q02100Reactome DB_ID: 10732421UniProt:Q02100SKO1UniProtQ021001EQUAL505EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510732421Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732421ReactomeR-SCE-450336-21Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-450336-2.1Reactome Database ID Release 7510732423Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732423ReactomeR-SCE-450336-31Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-450336-3.1ATPAdenosine 5'-triphosphateATP(4-)Reactome DB_ID: 29358Reactome Database ID Release 7529358Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=29358ReactomeR-ALL-293583Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-29358.3COMPOUNDC000022Converted from EntitySet in ReactomeHomologues of p-T69,T71-ATF2Reactome DB_ID: 10732433P39970phospho-ACA1p-T69,T71-ATF2Reactome DB_ID: 1073242771EQUAL69EQUAL1EQUAL505EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510732427Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732427ReactomeR-SCE-4502431Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-450243.1Q02100phospho-SKO1p-T69,T71-ATF2Reactome DB_ID: 1073243171EQUAL69EQUAL1EQUAL505EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510732431Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732431ReactomeR-SCE-450243-21Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-450243-2.1Reactome Database ID Release 7510732433Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732433ReactomeR-SCE-450243-31Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-450243-3.1ADPAdenosine 5'-diphosphateADP(3-)Reactome DB_ID: 113582Reactome Database ID Release 75113582Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=113582ReactomeR-ALL-1135823Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-113582.3COMPOUNDC000082ACTIVATIONConverted from EntitySet in ReactomeActivated MAPK kinases ERK1/2, JNK, p38Reactome DB_ID: 10732520Converted from EntitySet in Reactomep-MAPK11/p-MAPK14p-p38 MAPK alpha/betaPhospho-MAP kinase p38 alpha/betaReactome DB_ID: 10732466Converted from EntitySet in ReactomeHomologues of p-T180,Y182-MAPK11Reactome DB_ID: 10732456P32485phospho-HOG1p-T180,Y182-MAPK11Reactome DB_ID: 10732440180EQUAL182EQUAL1EQUAL364EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510732440Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732440ReactomeR-SCE-1987411Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-198741.1P41808phospho-SMK1p-T180,Y182-MAPK11Reactome DB_ID: 10732447180EQUAL182EQUAL1EQUAL364EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510732447Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732447ReactomeR-SCE-198741-21Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-198741-2.1Q00772phospho-SLT2p-T180,Y182-MAPK11Reactome DB_ID: 10732454180EQUAL182EQUAL1EQUAL364EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510732454Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732454ReactomeR-SCE-198741-31Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-198741-3.1Reactome Database ID Release 7510732456Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732456ReactomeR-SCE-198741-41Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-198741-4.1Converted from EntitySet in ReactomeHomologues of p-T180,Y182-MAPK14Reactome DB_ID: 10732464P32485phospho-HOG1p-T180,Y182-MAPK14Reactome DB_ID: 107324582EQUAL360EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510732458Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732458ReactomeR-SCE-4462271Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-446227.1P41808phospho-SMK1p-T180,Y182-MAPK14Reactome DB_ID: 107324602EQUAL360EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510732460Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732460ReactomeR-SCE-446227-21Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-446227-2.1Q00772phospho-SLT2p-T180,Y182-MAPK14Reactome DB_ID: 107324622EQUAL360EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510732462Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732462ReactomeR-SCE-446227-31Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-446227-3.1Reactome Database ID Release 7510732464Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732464ReactomeR-SCE-446227-41Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-446227-4.1Reactome Database ID Release 7510732466Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732466ReactomeR-SCE-1987031Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-198703.1Converted from EntitySet in ReactomeHomologues of p-T202,Y204-MAPK3Reactome DB_ID: 10732516P14681phospho-KSS1p-T202,Y204-MAPK3Reactome DB_ID: 10732512UniProt:P14681KSS1UniProtP14681202EQUAL204EQUAL2EQUAL379EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510732512Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732512ReactomeR-SCE-1123591Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-112359.1P16892phospho-FUS3p-T202,Y204-MAPK3Reactome DB_ID: 10732514UniProt:P16892FUS3UniProtP16892202EQUAL204EQUAL2EQUAL379EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510732514Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732514ReactomeR-SCE-112359-21Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-112359-2.1Reactome Database ID Release 7510732516Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732516ReactomeR-SCE-112359-31Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-112359-3.1P16892phospho-FUS3p-T185,Y187-MAPK1Reactome DB_ID: 10732518185EQUAL187EQUAL2EQUAL360EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510732518Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732518ReactomeR-SCE-1123541Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-112354.1Reactome Database ID Release 7510732520Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732520ReactomeR-SCE-4503071Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-450307.1GENE ONTOLOGYGO:0004674Reactome Database ID Release 7510732521Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732521Reactome Database ID Release 7510732523Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732523ReactomeR-SCE-1680531Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-168053.1At the beginning of this reaction, 1 molecule of 'ATP', and 1 molecule of 'ATF-2' are present. At the end of this reaction, 1 molecule of 'ADP', and 1 molecule of 'ATF-2-P' are present.<br><br> This reaction is mediated by the 'protein kinase activity' of 'MAPK1-P'.<br>LEFT-TO-RIGHT2.7.11Activated JNKs phosphorylate c-JUNThis event has been computationally inferred from an event that has been demonstrated in another species.<p>The inference is based on the homology mapping from PANTHER. Briefly, reactions for which all involved PhysicalEntities (in input, output and catalyst) have a mapped orthologue/paralogue (for complexes at least 75% of components must have a mapping) are inferred to the other species. High level events are also inferred for these events to allow for easier navigation.<p><a href='/electronic_inference_compara.html' target = 'NEW'>More details and caveats of the event inference in Reactome.</a> For details on PANTHER see also: <a href='http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp' target='NEW'>http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp</a>JUNGCN4P03069Reactome DB_ID: 10732528UniProt:P03069GCN4UniProtP030691EQUAL331EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510732528Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732528ReactomeR-SCE-4502501Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-450250.12P03069phospho-GCN4p-S63,S73-JUNReactome DB_ID: 1073253263EQUAL73EQUAL1EQUAL331EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7510732532Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732532ReactomeR-SCE-4502371Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-450237.12ACTIVATIONGENE ONTOLOGYGO:0004705Reactome Database ID Release 7510732533Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732533Reactome Database ID Release 7510732535Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732535ReactomeR-SCE-1681361Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-168136.1JNK (c-Jun N-terminal Kinase) phosphorylates several transcription factors including c-Jun after translocation to the nucleus.18793328Pubmed2008c-Jun expression, activation and function in neural cell death, inflammation and repairRaivich, GJ Neurochem 107:898-9069561845Pubmed1998Signal transduction by the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)--from inflammation to developmentIp, YTDavis, RJCurr Opin Cell Biol 10:205-1910871633Pubmed2000c-Jun inhibits transforming growth factor beta-mediated transcription by repressing Smad3 transcriptional activityDennler, SPrunier, CFerrand, NGauthier, JMAtfi, AJ Biol Chem 275:28858-65LEFT-TO-RIGHTFormation of Activated Protein 1 (AP-1) complex. ATF2/c-JUN heterodimer. This event has been computationally inferred from an event that has been demonstrated in another species.<p>The inference is based on the homology mapping from PANTHER. Briefly, reactions for which all involved PhysicalEntities (in input, output and catalyst) have a mapped orthologue/paralogue (for complexes at least 75% of components must have a mapping) are inferred to the other species. High level events are also inferred for these events to allow for easier navigation.<p><a href='/electronic_inference_compara.html' target = 'NEW'>More details and caveats of the event inference in Reactome.</a> For details on PANTHER see also: <a href='http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp' target='NEW'>http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp</a>p-2S-cJUN:p-2T-ATF2Reactome DB_ID: 1073263011Reactome Database ID Release 7510732630Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732630ReactomeR-SCE-4502621Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-450262.1Reactome Database ID Release 7510732632Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10732632ReactomeR-SCE-1684401Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-168440.1At the beginning of this reaction, 1 molecule of 'c-Jun-P', and 1 molecule of 'ATF-2-P' are present. At the end of this reaction, 1 molecule of 'AP-1' is present.<br><br> <br>9030721Pubmed1997Regulatory mechanisms involved in activator-protein-1 (AP-1)-mediated activation of glutathione-S-transferase gene expression by chemical agentsAinbinder, EBergelson, SPinkus, RDaniel, VEur J Biochem 243:49-57Reactome Database ID Release 7510753557Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10753557ReactomeR-SCE-4503411Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-450341.1GENE ONTOLOGYGO:0051090Activator protein-1 (AP-1) is a collective term referring to a group of transcription factors that bind to promoters of target genes in a sequence-specific manner. AP-1 family consists of hetero- and homodimers of bZIP (basic region leucine zipper) proteins, mainly of Jun-Jun, Jun-Fos or Jun-ATF. <p>AP-1 members are involved in the regulation of a number of cellular processes including cell growth, proliferation, survival, apoptosis, differentiation, cell migration. The ability of a single transcription factor to determine a cell fate critically depends on the relative abundance of AP-1 subunits, the composition of AP-1 dimers, the quality of stimulus, the cell type, the co-factor assembly. </p><p>AP-1 activity is regulated on multiple levels; transcriptional, translational and post-translational control mechanisms contribute to the balanced production of AP-1 proteins and their functions. Briefly, regulation occurs through:<ol><li>effects on jun, fos, atf gene transcription and mRNA turnover.<li> AP-1 protein members turnover. <li>post-translational modifications of AP-1 proteins that modulate their transactivation potential (effect of protein kinases or phosphatases).<li>interactions with other transcription factors that can either induce or interfere with AP-1 activity.</ol>19167516Pubmed2009Translational regulation mechanisms of AP-1 proteinsVesely, PWStaber, PBHoefler, GKenner, LMutat Res 682:7-129069263Pubmed1997AP-1 function and regulationKarin, MLiu, ZZandi, ECurr Opin Cell Biol 9:240-67622446Pubmed1995The regulation of AP-1 activity by mitogen-activated protein kinasesKarin, MJ Biol Chem 270:16483-615564374Pubmed2004AP-1 subunits: quarrel and harmony among siblingsHess, JAngel, PSchorpp-Kistner, MJ Cell Sci 117:5965-73Reactome Database ID Release 7510753559Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10753559ReactomeR-SCE-4502821Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-450282.1MAPKs are protein kinases that, once activated, phosphorylate their specific cytosolic or nuclear substrates at serine and/or threonine residues. Such phosphorylation events can either positively or negatively regulate substrate, and thus entire signaling cascade activity. <p>The major cytosolic target of activated ERKs are RSKs (90 kDa Ribosomal protein S6 Kinase). Active RSKs translocates to the nucleus and phosphorylates such factors as c-Fos(on Ser362), SRF (Serum Response Factor) at Ser103, and CREB (Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding protein) at Ser133. In the nucleus activated ERKs phosphorylate many other targets such as MSKs (Mitogen- and Stress-activated protein kinases), MNK (MAP interacting kinase) and Elk1 (on Serine383 and Serine389). ERK can directly phosphorylate CREB and also AP-1 components c-Jun and c-Fos. Another important target of ERK is NF-KappaB. Recent studies reveals that nuclear pore proteins are direct substrates for ERK (Kosako H et al, 2009). Other ERK nuclear targets include c-Myc, HSF1 (Heat-Shock Factor-1), STAT1/3 (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription-1/3), and many more transcription factors.</p><p>Activated p38 MAPK is able to phosphorylate a variety of substrates, including transcription factors STAT1, p53, ATF2 (Activating transcription factor 2), MEF2 (Myocyte enhancer factor-2), protein kinases MSK1, MNK, MAPKAPK2/3, death/survival molecules (Bcl2, caspases), and cell cycle control factors (cyclin D1).</p><p>JNK, once activated, phosphorylates a range of nuclear substrates, including transcription factors Jun, ATF, Elk1, p53, STAT1/3 and many other factors. JNK has also been shown to directly phosphorylate many nuclear hormone receptors. For example, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor 1 (PPAR-1) and retinoic acid receptors RXR and RAR are substrates for JNK. Other JNK targets are heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP-K) and the Pol I-specific transcription factor TIF-IA, which regulates ribosome synthesis. Other adaptor and scaffold proteins have also been characterized as nonnuclear substrates of JNK. 19767751Pubmed2009Phosphoproteomics reveals new ERK MAP kinase targets and links ERK to nucleoporin-mediated nuclear transportKosako, HYamaguchi, NAranami, CUshiyama, MKose, SImamoto, NTaniguchi, HNishida, EHattori, SNat Struct Mol Biol 16:1026-3512471242Pubmed2002Mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways mediated by ERK, JNK, and p38 protein kinasesJohnson, GLLapadat, RScience 298:1911-216393692Pubmed2006The extracellular signal-regulated kinase: multiple substrates regulate diverse cellular functionsYoon, SSeger, RGrowth Factors 24:21-4417637696Pubmed2007Coordinating TLR-activated signaling pathways in cells of the immune systemBanerjee, AGerondakis, SImmunol Cell Biol 85:420-417158707Pubmed2006Uses for JNK: the many and varied substrates of the c-Jun N-terminal kinasesBogoyevitch, MAKobe, BMicrobiol Mol Biol Rev 70:1061-95Reactome Database ID Release 7510753561Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10753561ReactomeR-SCE-4502941Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-450294.1GENE ONTOLOGYGO:0051403The mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, one of the most ancient and evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways, is involved in many processes of immune responses. The MAP kinases cascade transduces signals from the cell membrane to the nucleus in response to a wide range of stimuli (Chang and Karin, 2001; Johnson et al, 2002). <p>There are three major groups of MAP kinases<ul><li>the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases ERK1/2, <li>the p38 MAP kinase<li> and the c-Jun NH-terminal kinases JNK.</ul><p>ERK1 and ERK2 are activated in response to growth stimuli. Both JNKs and p38-MAPK are activated in response to a variety of cellular and environmental stresses. The MAP kinases are activated by dual phosphorylation of Thr and Tyr within the tripeptide motif Thr-Xaa-Tyr. The sequence of this tripeptide motif is different in each group of MAP kinases: ERK (Thr-Glu-Tyr); p38 (Thr-Gly-Tyr); and JNK (Thr-Pro-Tyr).<p>MAPK activation is mediated by signal transduction in the conserved three-tiered kinase cascade: MAPKKKK (MAP4K or MKKKK or MAPKKK Kinase) activates the MAPKKK. The MAPKKKs then phosphorylates a dual-specificity protein kinase MAPKK, which in turn phosphorylates the MAPK.<p>The dual specificity MAP kinase kinases (MAPKK or MKK) differ for each group of MAPK. The ERK MAP kinases are activated by the MKK1 and MKK2; the p38 MAP kinases are activated by MKK3, MKK4, and MKK6; and the JNK pathway is activated by MKK4 and MKK7. The ability of MAP kinase kinases (MKKs, or MEKs) to recognize their cognate MAPKs is facilitated by a short docking motif (the D-site) in the MKK N-terminus, which binds to a complementary region on the MAPK. MAPKs then recognize many of their targets using the same strategy, because many MAPK substrates also contain D-sites.<p>The upstream signaling events in the TLR cascade that initiate and mediate the ERK signaling pathway remain unclear.11861597Pubmed2002MAP kinases in the immune responseDong, CDavis, RJFlavell, RAAnnu Rev Immunol 20:55-7211242034Pubmed2001Mammalian MAP kinase signalling cascadesChang, LKarin, MNature 410:37-4019196711Pubmed2009Selectivity of docking sites in MAPK kinasesBardwell, AJFrankson, EBardwell, LJ Biol Chem 284:13165-73Reactome Database ID Release 7510753591Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10753591ReactomeR-SCE-1660581Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-166058.1GENE ONTOLOGYGO:0002755The first known downstream component of TLR4 and TLR2 signaling is the adaptor MyD88. Another adapter MyD88-adaptor-like (Mal; also known as TIR-domain-containing adaptor protein or TIRAP) has also been described for TLR4 and TLR2 signaling. MyD88 comprises an N-terminal Death Domain (DD) and a C-terminal TIR, whereas Mal lacks the DD. The TIR homotypic interactions bring adapters into contact with the activated TLRs, whereas the DD modules recruit serine/threonine kinases such as interleukin-1-receptor-associated kinase (IRAK). Recruitment of these protein kinases is accompanied by phosphorylation, which in turn results in the interaction of IRAKs with TNF-receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6). The oligomerization of TRAF6 activates TAK1, a member of the MAP3-kinase family, and this leads to the activation of the IkB kinases. These kinases, in turn, phosphorylate IkB, leading to its proteolytic degradation and the translocation of NF-kB to the nucleus. Concomitantly, members of the activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor family, Jun and Fos, are activated, and both AP-1 transcription factors and NF-kB are required for cytokine production, which in turn produces downstream inflammatory effects.15276183Pubmed2004MD-2: the Toll 'gatekeeper' in endotoxin signallingGangloff, MGay, Nicholas JTrends Biochem Sci 29:294-300Reactome Database ID Release 7510753599Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10753599ReactomeR-SCE-1681791Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-168179.1GENE ONTOLOGYGO:0038123TLR1 is expressed by monocytes. TLR1 and TLR2 cotranslationally form heterodimeric complexes on the cell surface and in the cytosol. The TLR2:TLR1 complex recognizes Neisserial PorB and Mycobacterial triacylated lipoproteins and peptides, amongst others, triggering up-regulation of nuclear factor-kappaB production and apoptotic cascades. Such cooperation between TLR1 and TLR2 on the cell surface of normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, for instance, leads to the activation of pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion (Sandor et al. 2003).12975352Pubmed2003Importance of extra- and intracellular domains of TLR1 and TLR2 in NFkappa B signalingSandor, FLatz, ERe, FMandell, LRepik, GGolenbock, DTEspevik, TKurt-Jones, EAFinberg, RWJ Cell Biol 162:1099-110Toll Like Receptor TLR6:TLR2 CascadeThis event has been computationally inferred from an event that has been demonstrated in another species.<p>The inference is based on the homology mapping from PANTHER. Briefly, reactions for which all involved PhysicalEntities (in input, output and catalyst) have a mapped orthologue/paralogue (for complexes at least 75% of components must have a mapping) are inferred to the other species. High level events are also inferred for these events to allow for easier navigation.<p><a href='/electronic_inference_compara.html' target = 'NEW'>More details and caveats of the event inference in Reactome.</a> For details on PANTHER see also: <a href='http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp' target='NEW'>http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp</a>Reactome Database ID Release 7510753593Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10753593ReactomeR-SCE-1681881Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-168188.1GENE ONTOLOGYGO:0038124TLR2 and TLR4 recognize different bacterial cell wall components. While TLR4 is trained onto Gram-negative lipopolysaccharide components, TLR2 - in combination with TLR6 - plays a major role in recognizing peptidoglycan wall products from Gram-positive bacteria, as well as Mycobacterial diacylated lipopeptides. In particular, TLR6 appears to participate in discriminating the subtle differences between dipalmitoyl and tripalmitoyl cysteinyl residues (Okusawa et al. 2004).14977973Pubmed2004Relationship between structures and biological activities of mycoplasmal diacylated lipopeptides and their recognition by toll-like receptors 2 and 6Okusawa, TFujita, MNakamura, JInto, TYasuda, MYoshimura, AHara, YHasebe, AGolenbock, DTMorita, MKuroki, YOgawa, TShibata, KInfect Immun 72:1657-65Reactome Database ID Release 7510753595Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=10753595ReactomeR-SCE-1814381Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-SCE-181438.1GENE ONTOLOGYGO:0034134TLR2 is involved in recognition of peptidoglycan from gram-positive bacteria, bacterial lipoproteins, mycoplasma lipoprotein and mycobacterial products. It is quite possible that recognition of at least some other TLR2 ligands may be assisted by additional accessory proteins, particularly in association with TLR1 or TLR6. TLR2 is expressed constitutively on macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells, and can be induced in some other cell types, including epithelial cells. TLR1 and TLR6, on the other hand, are expressed almost ubiquitously (Muzio et al. 2000). TLR2 may be a sensor and inductor of specific defense processes, including oxidative stress and cellular necrosis initially spurred by microbial compounds.10820283Pubmed2000Differential expression and regulation of toll-like receptors (TLR) in human leukocytes: selective expression of TLR3 in dendritic cellsMuzio, MBosisio, DPolentarutti, ND'amico, GStoppacciaro, AMancinelli, Rvan't Veer, CPenton-Rol, GRuco, LPAllavena, PMantovani, AJ Immunol 164:5998-6004