BioPAX pathway converted from "Expression of AGT" in the Reactome database. LEFT-TO-RIGHT Expression of AGT The AGT gene is transcribed to yield mRNA and the mRNA is translated to yield protein. Authored: May, B, 2011-11-08 Reviewed: Kersten, S, 2009-06-08 Edited: May, B, 2011-11-08 AGT gene Reactome DB_ID: 5649924 nucleoplasm GENE ONTOLOGY GO:0005654 ENSEMBL:ENSG00000135744 AGT AGT SERPINA8 Homo sapiens NCBI Taxonomy 9606 ENSEMBL ENSG00000135744 Reactome Database ID Release 83 5649924 Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5649924 Reactome R-HSA-5649924 1 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5649924.1 Reactome http://www.reactome.org AGT Angiotensinogen ANGT_HUMAN Reactome DB_ID: 1998759 extracellular region GENE ONTOLOGY GO:0005576 UniProt:P01019 AGT AGT SERPINA8 FUNCTION Essential component of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), a potent regulator of blood pressure, body fluid and electrolyte homeostasis.SUBUNIT During pregnancy, exists as a disulfide-linked 2:2 heterotetramer with the proform of PRG2 and as a complex (probably a 2:2:2 heterohexamer) with pro-PRG2 and C3dg.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Expressed by the liver and secreted in plasma.PTM Beta-decarboxylation of Asp-34 in angiotensin-2, by mononuclear leukocytes produces alanine (PubMed:17138938). The resulting peptide form, angiotensin-A, has the same affinity for the AT1 receptor as angiotensin-2, but a higher affinity for the AT2 receptor (PubMed:17138938).PTM In response to low blood pressure, the enzyme renin/REN cleaves angiotensinogen to produce angiotensin-1 (PubMed:12045255). Angiotensin-1 is a substrate of ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) that removes a dipeptide to yield the physiologically active peptide angiotensin-2 (PubMed:4322742, PubMed:10969042). Angiotensin-1 and angiotensin-2 can be further processed to generate angiotensin-3, angiotensin-4 (PubMed:10969042, PubMed:11815627). Angiotensin 1-9 is cleaved from angiotensin-1 by ACE2 and can be further processed by ACE to produce angiotensin 1-7, angiotensin 1-5 and angiotensin 1-4 (PubMed:10969042, PubMed:11815627). Angiotensin 1-7 has also been proposed to be cleaved from angiotensin-2 by ACE2 or from angiotensin-1 by MME (neprilysin) (PubMed:15283675).PTM The disulfide bond is labile. Angiotensinogen is present in the circulation in a near 40:60 ratio with the oxidized disulfide-bonded form, which preferentially interacts with receptor-bound renin.SIMILARITY Belongs to the serpin family.CAUTION It is uncertain whether Met-1 or Met-10 is the initiator. UniProt P01019 34 EQUAL 485 EQUAL Reactome Database ID Release 83 1998759 Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=1998759 Reactome R-HSA-1998759 1 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-1998759.1 Reactome Database ID Release 83 1989774 Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=1989774 Reactome R-HSA-1989774 4 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-1989774.4 15067378 Pubmed 2004 Effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha on human angiotensinogen promoter Shimamoto, Y Hirota, K Fukamizu, A Int J Mol Med 13:729-33 ACTIVATION Reactome Database ID Release 83 1989825 Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=1989825 Reactome R-HSA-1989825 1 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-1989825.1 PPARA:RXRA Coactivator complex Reactome DB_ID: 400154 TBL1R TBL1XR1 TBL1R_HUMAN F-box-like/WD repeat-containing protein Reactome DB_ID: 351643 UniProt:Q9BZK7 TBL1XR1 TBL1XR1 IRA1 TBLR1 FUNCTION F-box-like protein involved in the recruitment of the ubiquitin/19S proteasome complex to nuclear receptor-regulated transcription units. Plays an essential role in transcription activation mediated by nuclear receptors. Probably acts as integral component of the N-Cor corepressor complex that mediates the recruitment of the 19S proteasome complex, leading to the subsequent proteasomal degradation of N-Cor complex, thereby allowing cofactor exchange, and transcription activation.SUBUNIT Component of the N-Cor repressor complex, at least composed of NCOR1, NCOR2, HDAC3, TBL1X, TBL1XR1, CORO2A and GPS2 (PubMed:11931768). Probable component of some E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Interacts with histones H2B and H4 (PubMed:12628926). Interacts with MECP2; bridges interaction between MECP2 and NCOR1 (By similarity).TISSUE SPECIFICITY Widely expressed including the pituitary, hypothalamus, white and brown adipose tissue, muscle and liver.DOMAIN The F-box-like domain is related to the F-box domain, and apparently displays the same function as component of ubiquitin E3 ligase complexes.SIMILARITY Belongs to the WD repeat EBI family. UniProt Q9BZK7 1 EQUAL 514 EQUAL Reactome Database ID Release 83 351643 Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=351643 Reactome R-HSA-351643 1 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-351643.1 1 Activated PPARA:RXRA Reactome DB_ID: 422412 RXRA Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha RXRA_HUMAN Reactome DB_ID: 381319 UniProt:P19793 RXRA RXRA NR2B1 FUNCTION Receptor for retinoic acid that acts as a transcription factor (PubMed:11162439, PubMed:11915042). Forms homo- or heterodimers with retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and binds to target response elements in response to their ligands, all-trans or 9-cis retinoic acid, to regulate gene expression in various biological processes (PubMed:10195690, PubMed:11162439, PubMed:11915042, PubMed:28167758, PubMed:17761950, PubMed:16107141, PubMed:18800767, PubMed:19167885). The RAR/RXR heterodimers bind to the retinoic acid response elements (RARE) composed of tandem 5'-AGGTCA-3' sites known as DR1-DR5 to regulate transcription (PubMed:10195690, PubMed:11162439, PubMed:11915042, PubMed:17761950, PubMed:28167758). The high affinity ligand for retinoid X receptors (RXRs) is 9-cis retinoic acid (PubMed:1310260). In the absence of ligand, the RXR-RAR heterodimers associate with a multiprotein complex containing transcription corepressors that induce histone deacetylation, chromatin condensation and transcriptional suppression (PubMed:20215566). On ligand binding, the corepressors dissociate from the receptors and coactivators are recruited leading to transcriptional activation (PubMed:20215566, PubMed:9267036). Serves as a common heterodimeric partner for a number of nuclear receptors, such as RARA, RARB and PPARA (PubMed:10195690, PubMed:11915042, PubMed:28167758, PubMed:29021580). The RXRA/RARB heterodimer can act as a transcriptional repressor or transcriptional activator, depending on the RARE DNA element context (PubMed:29021580). The RXRA/PPARA heterodimer is required for PPARA transcriptional activity on fatty acid oxidation genes such as ACOX1 and the P450 system genes (PubMed:10195690). Together with RARA, positively regulates microRNA-10a expression, thereby inhibiting the GATA6/VCAM1 signaling response to pulsatile shear stress in vascular endothelial cells (PubMed:28167758). Acts as an enhancer of RARA binding to RARE DNA element (PubMed:28167758). May facilitate the nuclear import of heterodimerization partners such as VDR and NR4A1 (PubMed:12145331, PubMed:15509776). Promotes myelin debris phagocytosis and remyelination by macrophages (PubMed:26463675). Plays a role in the attenuation of the innate immune system in response to viral infections, possibly by negatively regulating the transcription of antiviral genes such as type I IFN genes (PubMed:25417649). Involved in the regulation of calcium signaling by repressing ITPR2 gene expression, thereby controlling cellular senescence (PubMed:30216632).SUBUNIT Homodimer (PubMed:10669605, PubMed:17761950). Heterodimer (via C-terminus) with RARA; required for ligand-dependent retinoic acid receptor transcriptional activity; association with RARA is enhanced by pulsatile shear stress (PubMed:28167758, PubMed:10698945, PubMed:15509776). Heterodimer with PPARA (via the leucine-like zipper in the LBD); the interaction is required for PPARA transcriptional activity (PubMed:10195690, PubMed:11915042, PubMed:11698662). Heterodimerizes with PPARG (PubMed:10882139, PubMed:11698662). Heterodimerizes (via NR LBD) with RARB (PubMed:29021580). Heterodimerizes with NR1H4; the heterodimerization enhances the binding affinity for LXXLL motifs from coactivators (PubMed:30275017). Interacts with NCOA3 and NCOA6 coactivators (PubMed:9267036, PubMed:10567404). Interacts with coactivator FAM120B (By similarity). Interacts with coactivator PELP1, SENP6, SFPQ, DNTTIP2 and RNF8 (PubMed:16574651, PubMed:16912044, PubMed:11259580, PubMed:15047147, PubMed:14981089). Interacts with PRMT2 (PubMed:12039952). Interacts with ASXL1 (By similarity). Interacts with BHLHE40/DEC1, BHLHE41/DEC2, NCOR1 and NCOR2 (PubMed:19786558). Interacts in a ligand-dependent fashion with MED1 and NCOA1 (PubMed:19786558, PubMed:10882139, PubMed:11698662). Interacts with VDR (PubMed:28698609). Interacts with EP300; the interaction is decreased by 9-cis retinoic acid (PubMed:17761950). Heterodimer (via C-terminus) with NR4A1 (via DNA-binding domain); DNA-binding of the heterodimer is enhanced by 9-cis retinoic acid (PubMed:17761950, PubMed:15509776). NR4A1 competes with EP300 for interaction with RXRA and thereby attenuates EP300 mediated acetylation of RXRA (PubMed:17761950). In the absence of hormonal ligand, interacts with TACC1 (PubMed:20078863).SUBUNIT (Microbial infection) Interacts (via the DNA binding domain) with HCV core protein; the interaction enhances the transcriptional activities of the RXRA/RARA and the RXRA/PPARA heterodimers.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Expressed in lung fibroblasts (at protein level) (PubMed:30216632). Expressed in monocytes (PubMed:26463675). Highly expressed in liver, also found in kidney and brain (PubMed:24275569, PubMed:2159111, PubMed:14702039).INDUCTION Down-regulated by aging (PubMed:26463675). Induced by pulsatile shear stress (PubMed:28167758).DOMAIN Composed of three domains: a modulating N-terminal domain (AF1 domain), a DNA-binding domain and a C-terminal ligand-binding domain (AF2 domain).PTM Acetylated by EP300; acetylation enhances DNA binding and transcriptional activity.PTM Phosphorylated on serine and threonine residues mainly in the N-terminal modulating domain (By similarity). Constitutively phosphorylated on Ser-21 in the presence or absence of ligand (By similarity). Under stress conditions, hyperphosphorylated by activated JNK on Ser-56, Ser-70, Thr-82 and Ser-260 (By similarity). Phosphorylated on Ser-27, in vitro, by PKA (PubMed:11162439). This phosphorylation is required for repression of cAMP-mediated transcriptional activity of RARA (PubMed:11162439).PTM Sumoylation negatively regulates transcriptional activity. Desumoylated specifically by SENP6.SIMILARITY Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR2 subfamily. UniProt P19793 1 EQUAL 462 EQUAL Reactome Database ID Release 83 381319 Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=381319 Reactome R-HSA-381319 1 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-381319.1 1 PPARA:fatty acid (Activated PPARA) Reactome DB_ID: 422413 Converted from EntitySet in Reactome Ligands of PPARA Reactome DB_ID: 400149 ALA alpha-linolenic acid Reactome DB_ID: 400174 alpha-linolenic acid [ChEBI:27432] alpha-linolenic acid ChEBI CHEBI:27432 Reactome Database ID Release 83 400174 Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=400174 Reactome R-ALL-400174 3 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-400174.3 AA Arachidonate arachidonic acid Reactome DB_ID: 400137 arachidonate [ChEBI:32395] arachidonate (20:4n6) (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoate (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate ChEBI CHEBI:32395 Reactome Database ID Release 83 400137 Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=400137 Reactome R-ALL-400137 4 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-400137.4 EPA eicosapentaenoic acid all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid Reactome DB_ID: 400199 all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid [ChEBI:28364] all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid ChEBI CHEBI:28364 Reactome Database ID Release 83 400199 Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=400199 Reactome R-ALL-400199 3 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-400199.3 LINA linoleic acid Reactome DB_ID: 400158 linoleic acid [ChEBI:17351] linoleic acid ChEBI CHEBI:17351 Reactome Database ID Release 83 400158 Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=400158 Reactome R-ALL-400158 4 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-400158.4 Palm palmitic acid hexadecanoic acid Palmitate Reactome DB_ID: 400150 hexadecanoic acid [ChEBI:15756] hexadecanoic acid ChEBI CHEBI:15756 Reactome Database ID Release 83 400150 Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=400150 Reactome R-ALL-400150 3 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-400150.3 Reactome Database ID Release 83 400149 Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=400149 Reactome R-ALL-400149 1 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-400149.1 1 PPARA Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha PPAR-alpha Reactome DB_ID: 400186 UniProt:Q07869 PPARA PPARA NR1C1 PPAR FUNCTION Ligand-activated transcription factor. Key regulator of lipid metabolism. Activated by the endogenous ligand 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine (16:0/18:1-GPC). Activated by oleylethanolamide, a naturally occurring lipid that regulates satiety. Receptor for peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Regulates the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Functions as transcription activator for the ACOX1 and P450 genes. Transactivation activity requires heterodimerization with RXRA and is antagonized by NR2C2. May be required for the propagation of clock information to metabolic pathways regulated by PER2.SUBUNIT Heterodimer; with RXRA. This heterodimerization is required for DNA binding and transactivation activity. Interacts with NCOA3 coactivator. Interacts with CITED2; the interaction stimulates its transcriptional activity. Also interacts with PPARBP in vitro. Interacts with AKAP13, LPIN1, PRDM16 and coactivator NCOA6. Interacts with ASXL1 and ASXL2. Interacts with PER2. Interacts with SIRT1; the interaction seems to be modulated by NAD(+) levels (PubMed:24043310). Interacts with CRY1 and CRY2 (By similarity).TISSUE SPECIFICITY Skeletal muscle, liver, heart and kidney. Expressed in monocytes (PubMed:28167758).INDUCTION Down-regulated by aging.SIMILARITY Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR1 subfamily. UniProt Q07869 1 EQUAL 468 EQUAL Reactome Database ID Release 83 400186 Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=400186 Reactome R-HSA-400186 1 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-400186.1 1 Reactome Database ID Release 83 422413 Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=422413 Reactome R-HSA-422413 1 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-422413.1 1 Peroxisome Proliferator Receptor Element (PPRE) Reactome DB_ID: 422139 Reactome Database ID Release 83 422139 Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=422139 Reactome R-ALL-422139 2 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-422139.2 ChEBI 61120 additional information MI MI:0361 1 Reactome Database ID Release 83 422412 Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=422412 Reactome R-HSA-422412 1 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-422412.1 1 TBL1 TBL1X TBL1X_HUMAN Reactome DB_ID: 351644 UniProt:O60907 TBL1X TBL1X TBL1 FUNCTION F-box-like protein involved in the recruitment of the ubiquitin/19S proteasome complex to nuclear receptor-regulated transcription units (PubMed:14980219). Plays an essential role in transcription activation mediated by nuclear receptors. Probably acts as integral component of corepressor complexes that mediates the recruitment of the 19S proteasome complex, leading to the subsequent proteasomal degradation of transcription repressor complexes, thereby allowing cofactor exchange (PubMed:21240272).SUBUNIT Homotetramer; dimer of dimers (PubMed:21240272). Component of the N-Cor repressor complex, at least composed of NCOR1, NCOR2, HDAC3, TBL1X, TBL1R, CORO2A and GPS2 (PubMed:10809664, PubMed:21240272). Interacts with GPS2 (when sumoylated); leading to protect GPS2 against degradation by the proteasome (PubMed:24943844). Component of a E3 ubiquitin ligase complex containing UBE2D1, SIAH1, CACYBP/SIP, SKP1, APC and TBL1X (PubMed:11389839). Probably part of other corepressor complexes, that do not contain NCOR1 and NCOR2. Interacts with histones H2B, H3a and H4. Interacts with MECP2; recruits TBL1X to the heterochromatin foci (By similarity).TISSUE SPECIFICITY Ubiquitous.DOMAIN The F-box-like domain is related to the F-box domain, and apparently displays the same function as component of ubiquitin E3 ligase complexes.SIMILARITY Belongs to the WD repeat EBI family. UniProt O60907 1 EQUAL 577 EQUAL Reactome Database ID Release 83 351644 Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=351644 Reactome R-HSA-351644 1 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-351644.1 1 Converted from EntitySet in Reactome Coactivators of PPARalpha Reactome DB_ID: 400216 KAT3A CREBBP CREB-binding protein CBP_HUMAN Reactome DB_ID: 193545 UniProt:Q92793 CREBBP CREBBP CBP FUNCTION Acetylates histones, giving a specific tag for transcriptional activation (PubMed:24616510). Also acetylates non-histone proteins, like DDX21, FBL, IRF2, MAFG, NCOA3, POLR1E/PAF53 and FOXO1 (PubMed:10490106, PubMed:11154691, PubMed:12738767, PubMed:12929931, PubMed:9707565, PubMed:24207024, PubMed:28790157, PubMed:30540930). Binds specifically to phosphorylated CREB and enhances its transcriptional activity toward cAMP-responsive genes. Acts as a coactivator of ALX1. Acts as a circadian transcriptional coactivator which enhances the activity of the circadian transcriptional activators: NPAS2-ARNTL/BMAL1 and CLOCK-ARNTL/BMAL1 heterodimers (PubMed:14645221). Acetylates PCNA; acetylation promotes removal of chromatin-bound PCNA and its degradation during nucleotide excision repair (NER) (PubMed:24939902). Acetylates POLR1E/PAF53, leading to decreased association of RNA polymerase I with the rDNA promoter region and coding region (PubMed:24207024). Acetylates DDX21, thereby inhibiting DDX21 helicase activity (PubMed:28790157). Acetylates FBL, preventing methylation of 'Gln-105' of histone H2A (H2AQ104me) (PubMed:30540930). Functions as a transcriptional coactivator for SMAD4 in the TGF-beta signaling pathway (PubMed:25514493).SUBUNIT Found in a complex containing NCOA2; NCOA3; IKKA; IKKB and IKBKG. Probably part of a complex with HIF1A and EP300. Interacts with GATA1; the interaction results in acetylation and enhancement of transcriptional activity of GATA1. Interacts with MAF and ZCCHC12. Interacts with DAXX; the interaction is dependent on CBP sumoylation and results in suppression of the transcriptional activity via recruitment of HDAC2 to DAXX (By similarity). Interacts with phosphorylated CREB1. Interacts with CITED4 (C-terminal region). Interacts (via the TAZ-type 1 domain) with HIF1A. Interacts with SRCAP, CARM1, ELF3, MLLT7/FOXO4, N4BP2, NCOA1, NCOA3, NCOA6, PCAF, DDX5, DDX17, PELP1, PML, SMAD1, SMAD2, SMAD3, SPIB and TRERF1. Interacts with KLF1; the interaction results in acetylation of KLF1 and enhancement of its transcriptional activity. Interacts with MTDH. Interacts with NFATC4. Interacts with MAFG; the interaction acetylates MAFG in the basic region and stimulates NFE2 transcriptional activity through increasing its DNA-binding activity. Interacts with IRF2; the interaction acetylates IRF2 and regulates its activity on the H4 promoter. Interacts with IRF3 (when phosphorylated); forming the dsRNA-activated factor 1 (DRAF1), a complex which activates the transcription of the type I interferon genes (PubMed:27302953). Interacts (via N-terminus) with SS18L1/CREST (via C-terminus). Interacts with MECOM. Interacts with CITED1 (via C-terminus). Interacts with FOXO1; the interaction acetylates FOXO1 and inhibits its transcriptional activity. Interacts with NPAS2, CLOCK and ARNTL/BMAL1. Interacts with ASF1A and ASF1B; this promotes histone acetylation. Interacts with acetylated TP53/p53 and with the acetylated histones H3 and H4. Interacts (via transactivation domain and C-terminus) with PCNA; the interaction occurs on chromatin in UV-irradiated damaged cells (PubMed:24939902). Interacts with DHX9 (via N-terminus); this interaction mediates association with RNA polymerase II holoenzyme and stimulates CREB-dependent transcriptional activation (PubMed:9323138). Interacts with SMAD4; negatively regulated by ZBTB7A (PubMed:25514493). Interacts with DUX4 (via C-terminus) (PubMed:26951377). Forms a complex with KMT2A and CREB1 (PubMed:23651431). Interacts with DDX3X; this interaction may facilitate HNF4A acetylation (PubMed:28128295).SUBUNIT (Microbial infection) Interacts with HTLV-1 Tax, p30II and HBZ.SUBUNIT (Microbial infection) Interacts with human herpes virus 8/HHV-8 protein vIRF-1; this interaction inhibits CREBBP binding to IRF3.SUBUNIT (Microbial infection) Interacts with HIV-1 Tat.DOMAIN The KIX domain mediates binding to HIV-1 Tat.PTM Methylation of the KIX domain by CARM1 blocks association with CREB. This results in the blockade of CREB signaling, and in activation of apoptotic response (By similarity).PTM Phosphorylated by CHUK/IKKA at Ser-1382 and Ser-1386; these phosphorylations promote cell growth by switching the binding preference of CREBBP from TP53 to NF-kappa-B.PTM Sumoylation negatively regulates transcriptional activity via the recruitment of DAAX.PTM Autoacetylation is required for binding to protein substrates, such as acetylated histones and acetylated TP53/p53.DISEASE Chromosomal aberrations involving CREBBP may be a cause of acute myeloid leukemias. Translocation t(8;16)(p11;p13) with KAT6A; translocation t(11;16)(q23;p13.3) with KMT2A/MLL1; translocation t(10;16)(q22;p13) with KAT6B. KAT6A-CREBBP may induce leukemia by inhibiting RUNX1-mediated transcription. UniProt Q92793 1 EQUAL 2442 EQUAL Reactome Database ID Release 83 193545 Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=193545 Reactome R-HSA-193545 1 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-193545.1 CARM1 Histone-arginine methyltransferase CARM1 CARM1_HUMAN PRMT4 Reactome DB_ID: 400139 UniProt:Q86X55 CARM1 CARM1 PRMT4 FUNCTION Methylates (mono- and asymmetric dimethylation) the guanidino nitrogens of arginyl residues in several proteins involved in DNA packaging, transcription regulation, pre-mRNA splicing, and mRNA stability (PubMed:12237300, PubMed:16497732, PubMed:19405910). Recruited to promoters upon gene activation together with histone acetyltransferases from EP300/P300 and p160 families, methylates histone H3 at 'Arg-17' (H3R17me), forming mainly asymmetric dimethylarginine (H3R17me2a), leading to activates transcription via chromatin remodeling (PubMed:12237300, PubMed:16497732, PubMed:19405910). During nuclear hormone receptor activation and TCF7L2/TCF4 activation, acts synergically with EP300/P300 and either one of the p160 histone acetyltransferases NCOA1/SRC1, NCOA2/GRIP1 and NCOA3/ACTR or CTNNB1/beta-catenin to activate transcription (By similarity). During myogenic transcriptional activation, acts together with NCOA3/ACTR as a coactivator for MEF2C (By similarity). During monocyte inflammatory stimulation, acts together with EP300/P300 as a coactivator for NF-kappa-B (By similarity). Acts as coactivator for PPARG, promotes adipocyte differentiation and the accumulation of brown fat tissue (By similarity). Plays a role in the regulation of pre-mRNA alternative splicing by methylation of splicing factors (By similarity). Also seems to be involved in p53/TP53 transcriptional activation (By similarity). Methylates EP300/P300, both at 'Arg-2142', which may loosen its interaction with NCOA2/GRIP1, and at 'Arg-580' and 'Arg-604' in the KIX domain, which impairs its interaction with CREB and inhibits CREB-dependent transcriptional activation (PubMed:15731352). Also methylates arginine residues in RNA-binding proteins PABPC1, ELAVL1 and ELAV4, which may affect their mRNA-stabilizing properties and the half-life of their target mRNAs (By similarity). Acts as a transcriptional coactivator of ACACA/acetyl-CoA carboxylase by enriching H3R17 methylation at its promoter, thereby positively regulating fatty acid synthesis (By similarity). Independently of its methyltransferase activity, involved in replication fork progression: promotes PARP1 recruitment to replication forks, leading to poly-ADP-ribosylation of chromatin at replication forks and reduced fork speed (PubMed:33412112).ACTIVITY REGULATION Methylation of H3R17 (H3R17me) by CARM1 is stimulated by preacetylation of H3 'Lys-18' (H3K18ac) H3 'Lys-23' (H3K23ac) by EP300 and blocked by citrullination of H3 'Arg-17' (H3R17ci) by PADI4.SUBUNIT Homodimer (By similarity). Interacts with NR1H4 (PubMed:15471871). Interacts with SNRPC (By similarity). Interacts with the C-terminus of NCOA2/GRIP1, NCO3/ACTR and NCOA1/SRC1 (By similarity). Part of a complex consisting of CARM1, EP300/P300 and NCOA2/GRIP1 (By similarity). Interacts with FLII, TP53, myogenic factor MEF2, EP300/P300, TRIM24, CREBBP and CTNNB1 (By similarity). Interacts with RELA (PubMed:16497732). Identified in a complex containing CARM1, TRIM24 and NCOA2/GRIP1 (By similarity). Interacts with NCOA3/SRC3 (By similarity). Interacts with SKP2 (By similarity). Interacts (via PH domain-like fold) with C9orf72 (By similarity). Interacts with PARP1; promoting PARP1 recruimtent to replication forks (PubMed:33412112).SUBUNIT (Microbial infection) Interacts with HTLV-1 protein Tax.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Overexpressed in prostate adenocarcinomas and high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia.PTM Auto-methylated on Arg-550. Methylation enhances transcription coactivator activity. Methylation is required for its role in the regulation of pre-mRNA alternative splicing (By similarity).PTM Phosphorylation at Ser-216 is strongly increased during mitosis, and decreases rapidly to a very low, basal level after entry into the G1 phase of the cell cycle (PubMed:19843527). Phosphorylation at Ser-216 may promote location in the cytosol. Phosphorylation at Ser-216 interferes with S-adenosyl-L-methionine binding and strongly reduces methyltransferase activity (By similarity).SIMILARITY Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Protein arginine N-methyltransferase family. UniProt Q86X55 1 EQUAL 608 EQUAL Reactome Database ID Release 83 400139 Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=400139 Reactome R-HSA-400139 1 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-400139.1 MED1 Reactome DB_ID: 212445 UniProt:Q15648 MED1 MED1 ARC205 CRSP1 CRSP200 DRIP205 DRIP230 PBP PPARBP PPARGBP RB18A TRAP220 TRIP2 FUNCTION Component of the Mediator complex, a coactivator involved in the regulated transcription of nearly all RNA polymerase II-dependent genes. Mediator functions as a bridge to convey information from gene-specific regulatory proteins to the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. Mediator is recruited to promoters by direct interactions with regulatory proteins and serves as a scaffold for the assembly of a functional preinitiation complex with RNA polymerase II and the general transcription factors (PubMed:10406464, PubMed:11867769, PubMed:12037571, PubMed:12218053, PubMed:12556447, PubMed:14636573, PubMed:15340084, PubMed:15471764, PubMed:15989967, PubMed:16574658, PubMed:9653119). Acts as a coactivator for GATA1-mediated transcriptional activation during erythroid differentiation of K562 erythroleukemia cells (PubMed:24245781).SUBUNIT Component of the Mediator complex, which is composed of MED1, MED4, MED6, MED7, MED8, MED9, MED10, MED11, MED12, MED13, MED13L, MED14, MED15, MED16, MED17, MED18, MED19, MED20, MED21, MED22, MED23, MED24, MED25, MED26, MED27, MED29, MED30, MED31, CCNC, CDK8 and CDC2L6/CDK11. The MED12, MED13, CCNC and CDK8 subunits form a distinct module termed the CDK8 module. Mediator containing the CDK8 module is less active than Mediator lacking this module in supporting transcriptional activation. Individual preparations of the Mediator complex lacking one or more distinct subunits have been variously termed ARC, CRSP, DRIP, PC2, SMCC and TRAP. This subunit specifically interacts with a number of nuclear receptors in a ligand-dependent fashion including AR, ESR1, ESR2, PPARA, PPARG, RORA, RXRA, RXRG, THRA, THRB and VDR. Interacts with CTNNB1, GABPA, GLI3, PPARGC1A and TP53. Interacts with YWHAH. Interacts with CLOCK; this interaction requires the presence of THRAP3 (By similarity). Interacts with GATA1 and CCAR1. Interacts with NR4A3 (By similarity). Interacts (via IBM motif) with PSIP1 (via IBD domain); phosphorylation increases its affinity for PSIP1 (PubMed:29997176).TISSUE SPECIFICITY Ubiquitously expressed.PTM Phosphorylated by MAPK1 or MAPK3 during G2/M phase which may enhance protein stability and promote entry into the nucleolus (PubMed:16314496). Phosphorylation increases its interaction with PSIP1 (PubMed:29997176).SIMILARITY Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 1 family. UniProt Q15648 1 EQUAL 1581 EQUAL Reactome Database ID Release 83 212445 Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=212445 Reactome R-HSA-212445 1 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-212445.1 NCOA1 Nuclear receptor coactivator 1 NCOA1_HUMAN Reactome DB_ID: 442496 UniProt:Q15788 NCOA1 NCOA1 BHLHE74 SRC1 FUNCTION Nuclear receptor coactivator that directly binds nuclear receptors and stimulates the transcriptional activities in a hormone-dependent fashion. Involved in the coactivation of different nuclear receptors, such as for steroids (PGR, GR and ER), retinoids (RXRs), thyroid hormone (TRs) and prostanoids (PPARs). Also involved in coactivation mediated by STAT3, STAT5A, STAT5B and STAT6 transcription factors. Displays histone acetyltransferase activity toward H3 and H4; the relevance of such activity remains however unclear. Plays a central role in creating multisubunit coactivator complexes that act via remodeling of chromatin, and possibly acts by participating in both chromatin remodeling and recruitment of general transcription factors. Required with NCOA2 to control energy balance between white and brown adipose tissues. Required for mediating steroid hormone response. Isoform 2 has a higher thyroid hormone-dependent transactivation activity than isoform 1 and isoform 3.SUBUNIT Interacts with the methyltransferase CARM1 (By similarity). Interacts with NCOA6 and NCOA2. Interacts with the FDL motif of STAT5A and STAT5B. Interacts with the LXXLL motif of STAT6. Interacts with STAT3 following IL-6 stimulation. Interacts with the basal transcription factor GTF2B. Interacts with the histone acetyltransferases EP300 and CREBBP. Interacts with PCAF, COPS5, NR3C1 and TTLL5/STAMP. Interacts with PSMB9. Interacts with UBE2L3; they functionally interact to regulate progesterone receptor transcriptional activity. Interacts with PRMT2 and DDX5. Interacts with ASXL1. Interacts with PRMT6. Interacts (via LXXLL 1, 2 and 3 motifs) with RORC (via AF-2 motif). Interacts in a ligand-dependent fashion with RXRA. Interacts with TRIP4. Interacts with NR4A3 (By similarity). Interacts with VDR.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Widely expressed.DOMAIN The C-terminal (1107-1441) part mediates the histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity.DOMAIN Contains 7 Leu-Xaa-Xaa-Leu-Leu (LXXLL) motifs. LXXLL motifs 3, 4 and 5 are essential for the association with nuclear receptors. LXXLL motif 7, which is not present in isoform 2, increases the affinity for steroid receptors in vitro.PTM Sumoylated; sumoylation increases its interaction with PGR and prolongs its retention in the nucleus. It does not prevent its ubiquitination and does not exert a clear effect on the stability of the protein.PTM Ubiquitinated; leading to proteasome-mediated degradation. Ubiquitination and sumoylation take place at different sites.DISEASE A chromosomal aberration involving NCOA1 is a cause of rhabdomyosarcoma. Translocation t(2;2)(q35;p23) with PAX3 generates the NCOA1-PAX3 oncogene consisting of the N-terminus part of PAX3 and the C-terminus part of NCOA1. The fusion protein acts as a transcriptional activator. Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common soft tissue carcinoma in childhood, representing 5-8% of all malignancies in children.SIMILARITY Belongs to the SRC/p160 nuclear receptor coactivator family. UniProt Q15788 1 EQUAL 1441 EQUAL Reactome Database ID Release 83 442496 Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=442496 Reactome R-HSA-442496 1 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-442496.1 NCOA2 NCOA2_HUMAN Reactome DB_ID: 376398 UniProt:Q15596 NCOA2 NCOA2 BHLHE75 SRC2 TIF2 FUNCTION Transcriptional coactivator for steroid receptors and nuclear receptors (PubMed:8670870, PubMed:23508108, PubMed:9430642). Coactivator of the steroid binding domain (AF-2) but not of the modulating N-terminal domain (AF-1) (PubMed:8670870, PubMed:23508108, PubMed:9430642). Required with NCOA1 to control energy balance between white and brown adipose tissues (PubMed:8670870, PubMed:23508108, PubMed:9430642). Critical regulator of glucose metabolism regulation, acts as RORA coactivator to specifically modulate G6PC1 expression (PubMed:8670870, PubMed:23508108, PubMed:9430642). Involved in the positive regulation of the transcriptional activity of the glucocorticoid receptor NR3C1 by sumoylation enhancer RWDD3 (PubMed:23508108). Positively regulates the circadian clock by acting as a transcriptional coactivator for the CLOCK-ARNTL/BMAL1 heterodimer (By similarity).SUBUNIT Present in a complex containing NCOA3, IKKA, IKKB, IKBKG and CREBBP. Interacts (via C-terminus) with CREBBP. Interacts with ESR1, HIF1A, NCOA1, APEX1, NR3C1, NR3C2, CARM1, RARA, and RXRA. Present in a complex containing CARM1 and EP300/P300. Interacts with CASP8AP2 and TTLL5/STAMP. Interacts with PSMB9 and DDX5. Interacts (via LXXLL 1, 2 and 3 motifs) with RORA and RORC (via AF-2 motif). Interacts with RWDD3. Interacts with CLOCK and ARNTL/BMAL1 (By similarity). Interacts with NR4A3; potentiates the activity of the NR4A3 (By similarity). Interacts with NR1H3 (PubMed:19481530).DOMAIN Contains four Leu-Xaa-Xaa-Leu-Leu (LXXLL) motifs. The LXXLL motifs are essential for the association with nuclear receptors and are, at least in part, functionally redundant.DOMAIN The LLXXLXXXL motif is involved in transcriptional coactivation and CREBBP/CBP binding.DOMAIN Contains 2 C-terminal transcription activation domains (AD1 and AD2) that can function independently.PTM Acetylated. Deacetylation at Lys-780 by SIRT6 stimulates its ability to coactivate PPARA.DISEASE Chromosomal aberrations involving NCOA2 may be a cause of acute myeloid leukemias. Inversion inv(8)(p11;q13) generates the KAT6A-NCOA2 oncogene, which consists of the N-terminal part of KAT6A and the C-terminal part of NCOA2/TIF2. KAT6A-NCOA2 binds to CREBBP and disrupts its function in transcription activation.SIMILARITY Belongs to the SRC/p160 nuclear receptor coactivator family. UniProt Q15596 1 EQUAL 1464 EQUAL Reactome Database ID Release 83 376398 Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=376398 Reactome R-HSA-376398 1 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-376398.1 NCOA6 NCOA6_HUMAN Reactome DB_ID: 376414 UniProt:Q14686 NCOA6 NCOA6 AIB3 KIAA0181 RAP250 TRBP FUNCTION Nuclear receptor coactivator that directly binds nuclear receptors and stimulates the transcriptional activities in a hormone-dependent fashion. Coactivates expression in an agonist- and AF2-dependent manner. Involved in the coactivation of different nuclear receptors, such as for steroids (GR and ERs), retinoids (RARs and RXRs), thyroid hormone (TRs), vitamin D3 (VDR) and prostanoids (PPARs). Probably functions as a general coactivator, rather than just a nuclear receptor coactivator. May also be involved in the coactivation of the NF-kappa-B pathway. May coactivate expression via a remodeling of chromatin and its interaction with histone acetyltransferase proteins.SUBUNIT Monomer and homodimer. Interacts with RBM39 (By similarity). Interacts in vitro with the basal transcription factors GTF2A and TBP, suggesting an autonomous transactivation function. Interacts with NCOA1, CRSP3, RBM14, the histone acetyltransferases EP300 and CREBBP, and with the methyltransferases NCOA6IP and PRMT2/HRMT1L1. Component of the MLL2/3 complex (also named ASCOM complex), at least composed of KMT2D/MLL2 or KMT2C/MLL3, ASH2L, RBBP5, WDR5, NCOA6, DPY30, KDM6A, PAXIP1/PTIP, PAGR1 and alpha- and beta-tubulin. Interacts with ZNF335; may enhance ligand-dependent transcriptional activation by nuclear hormone receptors.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Ubiquitous. Highly expressed in brain, prostate, testis and ovary; weakly expressed in lung, thymus and small intestine.DOMAIN Contains two Leu-Xaa-Xaa-Leu-Leu (LXXLL) motifs. Only motif 1 is essential for the association with nuclear receptors, while adjacent Ser-884 displays selectivity for nuclear receptors.PTM Phosphorylated by PRKDC.PTM Phosphorylation on Ser-884 leads to a strong decrease in binding to ESR1 and ESR2.MISCELLANEOUS Frequently amplified or overexpressed in colon, breast and lung cancers. UniProt Q14686 1 EQUAL 2063 EQUAL Reactome Database ID Release 83 376414 Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=376414 Reactome R-HSA-376414 1 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-376414.1 HELZ2 PRIC285 Peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor A-interacting complex 285 kDa protein PR285_HUMAN Reactome DB_ID: 442499 UniProt:Q9BYK8 HELZ2 HELZ2 KIAA1769 PRIC285 FUNCTION Helicase that acts as a transcriptional coactivator for a number of nuclear receptors including PPARA, PPARG, THRA, THRB and RXRA.SUBUNIT Interacts with PPARA (via DNA-binding domain) and PPARG; the interaction stimulates the transcriptional activity of PPARA and PPARG. Interacts with THRAP3; the interaction is direct and HELZ2 and THRAP3 synergistically enhance the transcriptional activity of PPARG. It is probably part of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha interacting complex (PRIC).TISSUE SPECIFICITY Expressed in various tissues including heart, pancreas, skeletal muscle, colon, spleen, liver, kidney, lung, peripheral blood and placenta.DOMAIN Contains 5 Leu-Xaa-Xaa-Leu-Leu (LXXLL) motifs. These motifs are not required for interaction with PPARG.SIMILARITY Belongs to the DNA2/NAM7 helicase family.CAUTION PubMed:12189208 experiments have been carried out partly in rat and partly in human. UniProt Q9BYK8 1 EQUAL 2649 EQUAL Reactome Database ID Release 83 442499 Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=442499 Reactome R-HSA-442499 1 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-442499.1 SMARCD3 SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily D member 3 SMRD3_HUMAN Reactome DB_ID: 400141 UniProt:Q6STE5 SMARCD3 SMARCD3 BAF60C FUNCTION Involved in transcriptional activation and repression of select genes by chromatin remodeling (alteration of DNA-nucleosome topology). Component of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes that carry out key enzymatic activities, changing chromatin structure by altering DNA-histone contacts within a nucleosome in an ATP-dependent manner. Stimulates nuclear receptor mediated transcription. Belongs to the neural progenitors-specific chromatin remodeling complex (npBAF complex) and the neuron-specific chromatin remodeling complex (nBAF complex). During neural development a switch from a stem/progenitor to a postmitotic chromatin remodeling mechanism occurs as neurons exit the cell cycle and become committed to their adult state. The transition from proliferating neural stem/progenitor cells to postmitotic neurons requires a switch in subunit composition of the npBAF and nBAF complexes. As neural progenitors exit mitosis and differentiate into neurons, npBAF complexes which contain ACTL6A/BAF53A and PHF10/BAF45A, are exchanged for homologous alternative ACTL6B/BAF53B and DPF1/BAF45B or DPF3/BAF45C subunits in neuron-specific complexes (nBAF). The npBAF complex is essential for the self-renewal/proliferative capacity of the multipotent neural stem cells. The nBAF complex along with CREST plays a role regulating the activity of genes essential for dendrite growth (By similarity).SUBUNIT Component of the multiprotein chromatin-remodeling complexes SWI/SNF: SWI/SNF-A (BAF), SWI/SNF-B (PBAF) and related complexes. The canonical complex contains a catalytic subunit (either SMARCA4/BRG1/BAF190A or SMARCA2/BRM/BAF190B) and at least SMARCE1, ACTL6A/BAF53, SMARCC1/BAF155, SMARCC2/BAF170, and SMARCB1/SNF5/BAF47. Other subunits specific to each of the complexes may also be present permitting several possible combinations developmentally and tissue specific (Probable). Component of the BAF complex, which includes at least actin (ACTB), ARID1A/BAF250A, ARID1B/BAF250B, SMARCA2/BRM, SMARCA4/BRG1/BAF190A, ACTL6A/BAF53, ACTL6B/BAF53B, SMARCE1/BAF57, SMARCC1/BAF155, SMARCC2/BAF170, SMARCB1/SNF5/INI1, and one or more SMARCD1/BAF60A, SMARCD2/BAF60B, or SMARCD3/BAF60C. In muscle cells, the BAF complex also contains DPF3 (PubMed:18765789). Component of neural progenitors-specific chromatin remodeling complex (npBAF complex) composed of at least, ARID1A/BAF250A or ARID1B/BAF250B, SMARCD1/BAF60A, SMARCD3/BAF60C, SMARCA2/BRM/BAF190B, SMARCA4/BRG1/BAF190A, SMARCB1/BAF47, SMARCC1/BAF155, SMARCE1/BAF57, SMARCC2/BAF170, PHF10/BAF45A, ACTL6A/BAF53A and actin. Component of neuron-specific chromatin remodeling complex (nBAF complex) composed of at least, ARID1A/BAF250A or ARID1B/BAF250B, SMARCD1/BAF60A, SMARCD3/BAF60C, SMARCA2/BRM/BAF190B, SMARCA4/BRG1/BAF190A, SMARCB1/BAF47, SMARCC1/BAF155, SMARCE1/BAF57, SMARCC2/BAF170, DPF1/BAF45B, DPF3/BAF45C, ACTL6B/BAF53B and actin (By similarity). May be a component of the SWI/SNF-B (PBAF) chromatin remodeling complex, at least composed of SMARCA4/BRG1, SMARCB1/BAF47/SNF5, ACTL6A/BAF53A or ACTL6B/BAF53B, SMARCE1/BAF57, SMARCD1/BAF60A, SMARCD2/BAF60B, perhaps SMARCD3/BAF60C, SMARCC1/BAF155, SMARCC2/BAF170, PBRM1/BAF180, ARID2/BAF200 and actin (PubMed:22952240, PubMed:26601204). Interacts with SMARCA4/BRG1/BAF190A (PubMed:14701856). Component of SWI/SNF (GBAF) subcomplex, which includes at least BICRA or BICRAL (mutually exclusive), BRD9, SS18, SMARCA2/BRM, SMARCA4/BRG1/BAF190A, ACTL6A/BAF53, SMARCC1/BAF155, and SMARCD1/BAF60A (PubMed:29374058). The precise distribution of the related SMARCD1, SMARCD2 and SMARCD3 proteins among these and other SWI/SNF nucleosome-remodeling complexes is not fully known. May allow recruitment of SWI/SNF containing complexes specifically to promoters where these factors are located. Also interacts with several nuclear receptors including PPARG/NR1C3, RXRA/NR1F1, ESR1, NR5A1, NR5A2/LRH1 and other transcriptional activators including the HLH protein SREBF1/SREBP1 and the homeobox protein PBX1 (PubMed:14701856). Interacts with PRDM1/BLIMP1 (PubMed:32417234).TISSUE SPECIFICITY Isoform 2 and isoform 1 are expressed in brain, heart, kidney, placenta, prostate, salivary gland, spleen, testis, thyroid, trachea and uterus. Isoform 1 is also expressed in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue.SIMILARITY Belongs to the SMARCD family. UniProt Q6STE5 1 EQUAL 483 EQUAL Reactome Database ID Release 83 400141 Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=400141 Reactome R-HSA-400141 1 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-400141.1 TGS1 PIMT Reactome DB_ID: 400176 UniProt:Q96RS0 TGS1 TGS1 HCA137 NCOA6IP PIMT FUNCTION Catalyzes the 2 serial methylation steps for the conversion of the 7-monomethylguanosine (m(7)G) caps of snRNAs and snoRNAs to a 2,2,7-trimethylguanosine (m(2,2,7)G) cap structure. The enzyme is specific for guanine, and N7 methylation must precede N2 methylation. Hypermethylation of the m7G cap of U snRNAs leads to their concentration in nuclear foci, their colocalization with coilin and the formation of canonical Cajal bodies (CBs). Plays a role in transcriptional regulation.SUBUNIT May form homooligomers. Interacts with CREBBP/CBP, EED/WAIT1, EP300/P300, NCOA6/PRIP, PPARBP/PBP and SMN.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Ubiquitously expressed. High expression in heart, skeletal muscle, kidney, liver and placenta.SIMILARITY Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. Trimethylguanosine synthase family. UniProt Q96RS0 1 EQUAL 853 EQUAL Reactome Database ID Release 83 400176 Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=400176 Reactome R-HSA-400176 1 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-400176.1 CHD9 Chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 9 CHD9_HUMAN Reactome DB_ID: 400163 UniProt:Q3L8U1 CHD9 CHD9 KIAA0308 KISH2 PRIC320 AD-013 x0008 FUNCTION Acts as a transcriptional coactivator for PPARA and possibly other nuclear receptors. Proposed to be a ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling protein. Has DNA-dependent ATPase activity and binds to A/T-rich DNA. Associates with A/T-rich regulatory regions in promoters of genes that participate in the differentiation of progenitors during osteogenesis (By similarity).SUBUNIT Interacts with PPARA. Probably interacts with ESR1 and NR1I3.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Widely expressed at low levels. In bone marrow, expression is restricted to osteoprogenitor cells adjacent to mature osteoblasts.PTM Phosphorylated on serine and tyrosine residues.SIMILARITY Belongs to the SNF2/RAD54 helicase family. UniProt Q3L8U1 1 EQUAL 2897 EQUAL Reactome Database ID Release 83 400163 Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=400163 Reactome R-HSA-400163 1 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-400163.1 BIL bilirubin bilirubin IXalpha Reactome DB_ID: 9709898 bilirubin(2-) [ChEBI:57977] bilirubin(2-) bilirubin dianion 2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-3,18-divinyl-1,10,19,22,23,24-hexahydro-21H-biline-8,12-dipropanoate bilirubin IXalpha ChEBI CHEBI:57977 Reactome Database ID Release 83 9709898 Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=9709898 Reactome R-ALL-9709898 2 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-9709898.2 COMPOUND C00486 Reactome Database ID Release 83 400216 Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=400216 Reactome R-HSA-400216 2 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-400216.2 1 Reactome Database ID Release 83 400154 Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=400154 Reactome R-HSA-400154 1 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-400154.1