BioPAX pathway converted from "CBY1 binds beta-catenin" in the Reactome database.LEFT-TO-RIGHTCBY1 binds beta-cateninChibby (CBY1) is a conserved 126 amino acid protein that acts as an antagonist to the canonical WNT signaling pathway. CBY1 binds to the C-terminal region of beta-catenin and inhibits beta-catenin-dependent signaling by competing for the TCF/LEF binding sites and by promoting beta-catenin nuclear export (Takemaru et al, 2003; Li et al, 2008; Li et al, 2010). Endogenous CBY1 and beta-catenin co-immunoprecipitate from HEK293 cells and overexpression of CBY1 reduces expression of a beta-catenin dependent reporter gene, supporting a functional role for the CBY1-beta-catenin interaction in vivo (Takemaru et al, 2003). Studies with CBY1 knockout mice show only a slight effect on expression of WNT-dependent target genes, however; more work will be required to fully elucidate the role of CBY1 in regulating endogenous WNT signaling (Veronina et al, 2009).Authored: Rothfels, K, 2013-05-29Reviewed: Rajakulendran, Nishani, 2014-01-22Reviewed: van Amerongen, R, 2014-02-14Reviewed: Kikuchi, Akira, 2014-04-22Edited: Gillespie, ME, 2013-10-02CTNNB1Catenin beta-1CTNB1_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 3451168nucleoplasmGENE ONTOLOGYGO:0005654UniProt:P35222 CTNNB1CTNNB1CTNNBOK/SW-cl.35PRO2286FUNCTION Key downstream component of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway (PubMed:17524503, PubMed:18077326, PubMed:18086858, PubMed:18957423, PubMed:21262353, PubMed:22155184, PubMed:22647378, PubMed:22699938). In the absence of Wnt, forms a complex with AXIN1, AXIN2, APC, CSNK1A1 and GSK3B that promotes phosphorylation on N-terminal Ser and Thr residues and ubiquitination of CTNNB1 via BTRC and its subsequent degradation by the proteasome (PubMed:17524503, PubMed:18077326, PubMed:18086858, PubMed:18957423, PubMed:21262353, PubMed:22155184, PubMed:22647378, PubMed:22699938). In the presence of Wnt ligand, CTNNB1 is not ubiquitinated and accumulates in the nucleus, where it acts as a coactivator for transcription factors of the TCF/LEF family, leading to activate Wnt responsive genes (PubMed:17524503, PubMed:18077326, PubMed:18086858, PubMed:18957423, PubMed:21262353, PubMed:22155184, PubMed:22647378, PubMed:22699938). Involved in the regulation of cell adhesion, as component of an E-cadherin:catenin adhesion complex (By similarity). Acts as a negative regulator of centrosome cohesion (PubMed:18086858). Involved in the CDK2/PTPN6/CTNNB1/CEACAM1 pathway of insulin internalization (PubMed:21262353). Blocks anoikis of malignant kidney and intestinal epithelial cells and promotes their anchorage-independent growth by down-regulating DAPK2 (PubMed:18957423). Disrupts PML function and PML-NB formation by inhibiting RANBP2-mediated sumoylation of PML (PubMed:22155184). Promotes neurogenesis by maintaining sympathetic neuroblasts within the cell cycle (By similarity). Involved in chondrocyte differentiation via interaction with SOX9: SOX9-binding competes with the binding sites of TCF/LEF within CTNNB1, thereby inhibiting the Wnt signaling (By similarity).SUBUNIT Two separate complex-associated pools are found in the cytoplasm. The majority is present as component of an E-cadherin:catenin adhesion complex composed of at least E-cadherin/CDH1 and beta-catenin/CTNNB1, and possibly alpha-catenin/CTNNA1; the complex is located to adherens junctions. The stable association of CTNNA1 is controversial as CTNNA1 was shown not to bind to F-actin when assembled in the complex. Alternatively, the CTNNA1-containing complex may be linked to F-actin by other proteins such as LIMA1. Another cytoplasmic pool is part of a large complex containing AXIN1, AXIN2, APC, CSNK1A1 and GSK3B that promotes phosphorylation on N-terminal Ser and Thr residues and ubiquitination of CTNNB1 via BTRC and its subsequent degradation by the proteasome. Wnt-dependent activation of DVL antagonizes the action of GSK3B. When GSK3B activity is inhibited the complex dissociates, CTNNB1 is dephosphorylated and is no longer targeted for destruction. The stabilized protein translocates to the nucleus, where it binds TCF/LEF-1 family members, TBP, BCL9, BCL9L and possibly also RUVBL1 and CHD8. Binds CTNNBIP and EP300. CTNNB1 forms a ternary complex with LEF1 and EP300 that is disrupted by CTNNBIP1 binding. Interacts with TAX1BP3 (via the PDZ domain); this interaction inhibits the transcriptional activity of CTNNB1. Interacts with AJAP1, BAIAP1, CARM1, CTNNA3, CXADR and PCDH11Y. Binds SLC9A3R1. Interacts with GLIS2 and MUC1. Interacts with SLC30A9. Interacts with XIRP1. Interacts directly with AXIN1; the interaction is regulated by CDK2 phosphorylation of AXIN1. Interacts with SCRIB. Interacts with RAPGEF2. Interacts with PTPRU (via the cytoplasmic juxtamembrane domain). Interacts with EMD. Interacts with TNIK and TCF7L2. Interacts with SESTD1 and TRPC4. Interacts with CAV1. Interacts with TRPV4. The TRPV4 and CTNNB1 complex can interact with CDH1. Interacts with VCL. Interacts with PTPRJ. Interacts with PKT7 and CDK2. Interacts with FAT1 (via the cytoplasmic domain). Interacts with NANOS1 and NDRG2. Interacts with isoform 1 of NEK2. Interacts with both isoform 1 and isoform 2 of CDK5. Interacts with PTK6. Interacts with SOX7; this interaction may lead to proteasomal degradation of active CTNNB1 and thus inhibition of Wnt/beta-catenin-stimulated transcription. Identified in a complex with HINT1 and MITF. Interacts with FHIT. The CTNNB1 and TCF7L2/TCF4 complex interacts with PML (isoform PML-4). Interacts with FERMT2. Identified in a complex with TCF7L2/TCF4 and FERMT2 (PubMed:29739711, PubMed:22699938). Interacts with RORA. May interact with P-cadherin/CDH3. Interacts with RNF220 (PubMed:25266658). Interacts with CTNND2 (PubMed:25807484). Interacts (via the C-terminal region) with CBY1 (PubMed:12712206, PubMed:16424001). The complex composed, at least, of APC, CTNNB1 and GSK3B interacts with JPT1; the interaction requires the inactive form of GSK3B (phosphorylated at 'Ser-9') (PubMed:25169422). Interacts with DLG5 (By similarity). Interacts with FAM53B; promoting translocation to the nucleus (PubMed:25183871). Interacts with TMEM170B (PubMed:29367600). Interacts with AHI1 (PubMed:21623382). Interacts with GID8 (PubMed:28829046). Component of an cadherin:catenin adhesion complex composed of at least of CDH26, beta-catenin/CTNNB1, alpha-catenin/CTNNA1 and p120 catenin/CTNND1 (PubMed:28051089). Forms a complex comprising APPL1, RUVBL2, APPL2, HDAC1 and HDAC2 (PubMed:19433865). Interacts with IRF2BPL; mediates the ubiquitination and degradation of CTNNB1 (PubMed:29374064). Interacts with AMFR (By similarity). Interacts with LMBR1L (PubMed:31073040). Interacts with SOX30; prevents interaction of CTNNB1 with TCF7L2/TCF4 and leads to inhibition of Wnt signaling (PubMed:29739711). Interacts with SOX9; inhibiting CTNNB1 activity by competing with the binding sites of TCF/LEF within CTNNB1, thereby inhibiting the Wnt signaling (By similarity).SUBUNIT (Microbial infection) Interacts with herpes virus 8 protein vPK; this interaction inhibits the Wnt signaling pathway.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Expressed in several hair follicle cell types: basal and peripheral matrix cells, and cells of the outer and inner root sheaths. Expressed in colon. Present in cortical neurons (at protein level). Expressed in breast cancer tissues (at protein level) (PubMed:29367600).PTM Phosphorylation at Ser-552 by AMPK promotes stabilizion of the protein, enhancing TCF/LEF-mediated transcription (By similarity). Phosphorylation by GSK3B requires prior phosphorylation of Ser-45 by another kinase. Phosphorylation proceeds then from Thr-41 to Ser-37 and Ser-33. Phosphorylated by NEK2. EGF stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation. Phosphorylation on Tyr-654 decreases CDH1 binding and enhances TBP binding. Phosphorylated on Ser-33 and Ser-37 by HIPK2 and GSK3B, this phosphorylation triggers proteasomal degradation (PubMed:25169422). Phosphorylation on Ser-191 and Ser-246 by CDK5. Phosphorylation by CDK2 regulates insulin internalization. Phosphorylation by PTK6 at Tyr-64, Tyr-142, Tyr-331 and/or Tyr-333 with the predominant site at Tyr-64 is not essential for inhibition of transcriptional activity.PTM Ubiquitinated by the SCF(BTRC) E3 ligase complex when phosphorylated by GSK3B, leading to its degradation (PubMed:12077367). Ubiquitinated by a E3 ubiquitin ligase complex containing UBE2D1, SIAH1, CACYBP/SIP, SKP1, APC and TBL1X, leading to its subsequent proteasomal degradation (PubMed:11389839, PubMed:11389840, PubMed:20307497). Ubiquitinated and degraded following interaction with SOX9 (By similarity).PTM S-nitrosylation at Cys-619 within adherens junctions promotes VEGF-induced, NO-dependent endothelial cell permeability by disrupting interaction with E-cadherin, thus mediating disassembly adherens junctions.PTM O-glycosylation at Ser-23 decreases nuclear localization and transcriptional activity, and increases localization to the plasma membrane and interaction with E-cadherin CDH1.PTM Deacetylated at Lys-49 by SIRT1.DISEASE Activating mutations in CTNNB1 have oncogenic activity resulting in tumor development. Somatic mutations are found in various tumor types, including colon cancers, ovarian and prostate carcinomas, hepatoblastoma (HB), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HBs are malignant embryonal tumors mainly affecting young children in the first three years of life.DISEASE A chromosomal aberration involving CTNNB1 is found in salivary gland pleiomorphic adenomas, the most common benign epithelial tumors of the salivary gland. Translocation t(3;8)(p21;q12) with PLAG1.SIMILARITY Belongs to the beta-catenin family.Homo sapiensNCBI Taxonomy9606UniProtP352221EQUAL781EQUALReactome Database ID Release 753451168Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=3451168ReactomeR-HSA-34511681Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-3451168.1Reactomehttp://www.reactome.orgCBYCBY1ARB1PGEA1C22orf2Reactome DB_ID: 3769210UniProt:Q9Y3M2 CBY1CBY1ARB1C22orf2CBYPGEA1HRIHFB2025FUNCTION Inhibits the Wnt/Wingless pathway by binding to CTNNB1/beta-catenin and inhibiting beta-catenin-mediated transcriptional activation through competition with TCF/LEF transcription factors. Has also been shown to play a role in regulating the intracellular trafficking of polycystin-2/PKD2 and possibly of other intracellular proteins. Promotes adipocyte and cardiomyocyte differentiation.SUBUNIT Homodimer. Interacts with polycystin-2/PKD2 and GM130. Interacts with the C-terminal region of CTNNB1 (PubMed:12712206, PubMed:16424001). Interacts (C-terminus) with TCIM (C-terminus), TCIM competes with CTNNB1 for the interaction with CBY1 (PubMed:16424001). Interacts with FAM92A; this interaction facilitates targeting of FAM92A to cilium basal body (PubMed:27528616, PubMed:30395363). Interacts with CIBAR2 (PubMed:27528616).TISSUE SPECIFICITY Widely expressed. Expressed at higher levels in heart, skeletal muscle, kidney and placenta. Also found in brain, lung, liver and testis. Significantly down-regulated in thyroid and metastatic uterine tumors.MISCELLANEOUS 'Chibby' is Japanese for 'small'; the gene was so named for the RNAi phenotype seen in flies.SIMILARITY Belongs to the chibby family.UniProtQ9Y3M21EQUAL126EQUALReactome Database ID Release 753769210Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=3769210ReactomeR-HSA-37692101Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-3769210.1CBY1:CTNNB1Reactome DB_ID: 376938011Reactome Database ID Release 753769380Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=3769380ReactomeR-HSA-37693801Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-3769380.1Reactome Database ID Release 753769383Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=3769383ReactomeR-HSA-37693832Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-3769383.219940019Pubmed2010Nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of Chibby controls beta-catenin signalingLi, Feng-QianMofunanya, AdaobiFischer, VictoriaHall, JasonTakemaru, Ken-IchiMol. Biol. Cell 21:311-2218573912Pubmed2008Chibby cooperates with 14-3-3 to regulate beta-catenin subcellular distribution and signaling activityLi, Feng-QianMofunanya, AdaobiHarris, KimberleyTakemaru, Ken-IchiJ. Cell Biol. 181:1141-5419364920Pubmed2009Inactivation of Chibby affects function of motile airway ciliaVoronina, Vera ATakemaru, Ken-IchiTreuting, PiperLove, DamonGrubb, Barbara RHajjar, Adeline MAdams, AllisonLi, Feng-QianMoon, Randall TJ. Cell Biol. 185:225-3312712206Pubmed2003Chibby, a nuclear beta-catenin-associated antagonist of the Wnt/Wingless pathwayTakemaru, Ken-IchiYamaguchi, SLee, Young SikZhang, YangCarthew, Richard WMoon, Randall TNature 422:905-9