BioPAX pathway converted from "rRNA processing in the nucleus and cytosol" in the Reactome database.rRNA processing in the nucleus and cytosolEach eukaryotic cytosolic ribosome contains 4 molecules of RNA: 28S rRNA (25S rRNA in yeast), 5.8S rRNA, and 5S rRNA in the 60S subunit and 18S rRNA in the 40S subunit. The 18S rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, and 28S rRNA are produced by endonucleolytic and exonucleolytic processing of a single 47S precursor (pre-rRNA) (reviewed in Henras et al. 2015). Transcription of ribosomal RNA genes, processing of pre-rRNA, modification of nucleotide residues within the rRNA, and assembly of precursor 60S and 40S subunits occur predominantly in the nucleolus (reviewed in Hernandez-Verdun et al. 2010, Boschi-Muller and Motorin 2013), with a few late reactions occurring in the cytosol.Authored: May, Bruce, 2016-04-25Reviewed: Vincent, Nicholas G, 2016-01-30Edited: May, Bruce, 2016-04-25Major pathway of rRNA processing in the nucleolus and cytosolIn humans, a 47S precursor rRNA (pre-rRNA) is transcribed by RNA polymerase I from rRNA-encoding genes (rDNA) at the boundary of the fibrillar center and the dense fibrillar components of the nucleolus (Stanek et al. 2001). The 47S precursor is processed over the course of about 5-8 minutes (Popov et al. 2013) by endoribonucleases and exoribonucleases to yield the 28S rRNA and 5.8S rRNA of the 60S subunit and the 18S rRNA of the 40S subunit (reviewed in Mullineus and Lafontaine 2012, Henras et al. 2015). As the pre-rRNA is being transcribed, a large protein complex, the small subunit (SSU) processome, assembles in the region of the 18S rRNA sequence, forming terminal knobs on the pre-rRNA (reviewed in Phipps et al. 2011, inferred from yeast in Dragon et al. 2002). The SSU processome contains both ribosomal proteins of the small subunit and processing factors which process the pre-rRNA and modify nucleotides. Through addition of subunits the SSU processome appears to be converted into the larger 90S pre-ribosome (inferred from yeast in Grandi et al. 2002). An analogous large subunit processome (LSU) assembles in the region of the 28S rRNA, however the LSU is less well characterized (inferred from yeast in McCann et al. 2015).<br>Following cleavage of the pre-rRNA within internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1), the pre-ribosomal particle separates into a pre-60S subunit and a pre-40S subunit in the nucleolus (reviewed in Hernandez-Verdun et al. 2010, Phipps et al. 2011). The pre-60S and pre-40S ribosomal particles are then exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm where the processing factors dissociate and recycle back to the nucleus<br>Nuclease digestions of the 47S pre-rRNA can follow several paths. In the major pathway, the ends of the 47S pre-rRNA are trimmed to yield the 45S pre-rRNA. Digestion at site 2 (also called site 2b in mouse, see Henras et al. 2015 for nomenclature) cleaves the 45S pre-rRNA to yield the 30S pre-rRNA containing the 18S rRNA of the small subunit and the 32S pre-rRNA containing the 5.8S rRNA and the 28S rRNA of the large subunit. The 32S pre-rRNA is digested in the nucleus to yield the 5.8S rRNA and the 28S rRNA while the 30S pre-rRNA is digested in the nucleus to yield the 18SE pre-rRNA which is then processed in the nucleus and cytosol to yield the 18S rRNA. At least 286 human proteins, 74 of which have no yeast homolog, are required for efficient processing of pre-rRNA in the nucleus (Tafforeau et al. 2013)Authored: May, Bruce, 2015-08-16Reviewed: Vincent, Nicholas G, 2016-01-30Edited: May, Bruce, 2015-08-16LEFT-TO-RIGHT3.1.1347S pre-rRNA is nucleolytically processed at A' (01,A1), site A0, and site 02 (site 6) to yield 45S pre-rRNAUnknown nucleases concomitantly cleave the 47S precursor rRNA (pre-rRNA) at the A' site (also known as the 01 site or the A1 site), the A0 site in the 5' external transcribed spacer (5' ETS), and site 02 (also known as site 6 in mouse) in the 3' ETS (Sloan et al. 2014). Cleavage occurs when the pre-rRNA is complexed with the small subunit processome (SSU processome) complex, a large protein complex that binds the 5' region of the pre-rRNA after transcription commences (Kass and Sollner-Webb 1990, Sloan et al. 2014, inferred from yeast in Dragon et al. 2002). The UTP-A subcomplex of the SSU processome and SKIV2L2 (MTR4) are required for cleavage at the A' site while the UTP-B subcomplex and U3 snoRNP (Sloan et al. 2014) and RRP36 of the UTPC subcomplex of the SSU processome (Gerus et al. 2010) improve efficiency of cleavage. UTP18 is required for cleavage of the 5' ETS (Holzel et al. 2010). Nucleolin (NCL) interacts with the 47S pre-rRNA (Yanagida et al. 2001, inferred from mouse in Ginisty et al. 1998) and is involved in cleavage at the A' site (inferred from mouse in Ginisty et al. 1998) but its association with the SSU processome is transitory (Turner et al. 2009). NOL11, a component of the SSU processome which interacts with UTP4, increases the efficiency of processing at A', but is not strictly required (Freed et al. 2012). XRN2 exonucleolytically degrades the 5' 01 fragment (Sloan et al. 2013, inferred from mouse homologs in Wang and Pestov 2011).Authored: May, Bruce, 2015-08-16Reviewed: Vincent, Nicholas G, 2016-01-30Edited: May, Bruce, 2015-08-1647S pre-rRNA:SSU processomeReactome DB_ID: 6791184nucleoplasmGENE ONTOLOGYGO:0005654nascent pre-rRNA transcriptReactome DB_ID: 74978NCBI Nucleotide:NR_046235 RNA45S545S pre-ribosomal RNARNA45S5Homo sapiensNCBI Taxonomy9606NCBI NucleotideNR_0462351EQUAL13357EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7574978Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=74978ReactomeR-HSA-749781Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-74978.1Reactomehttp://www.reactome.org1SSU ProcessomeReactome DB_ID: 6790891RPS940S ribosomal protein S9RS9_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6790663UniProt:P46781 RPS9RPS9SUBUNIT Identified in a IGF2BP1-dependent mRNP granule complex containing untranslated mRNAs.SIMILARITY Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS4 family.UniProtP467812EQUAL194EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756790663Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6790663ReactomeR-HSA-67906631Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6790663.11RPS240S ribosomal protein S2RS2_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6790655UniProt:P15880 RPS2RPS2RPS4PTM Citrullinated by PADI4 in the Arg/Gly-rich region.PTM Asymmetric arginine dimethylation by PRMT3 occurs at multiple sites in the Arg/Gly-rich region.SIMILARITY Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS5 family.UniProtP158802EQUAL293EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756790655Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6790655ReactomeR-HSA-67906551Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6790655.11EMG1fullName evidence="10"Ribosomal RNA small subunit methyltransferase NEP1 ecNumber evidence="4"2.1.1.-/ecNumberNEP1_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6790671UniProt:Q92979 EMG1EMG1C2FFUNCTION S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent pseudouridine N(1)-methyltransferase that methylates pseudouridine at position 1248 (Psi1248) in 18S rRNA. Involved the biosynthesis of the hypermodified N1-methyl-N3-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl) pseudouridine (m1acp3-Psi) conserved in eukaryotic 18S rRNA. Is not able to methylate uridine at this position (PubMed:20047967). Has also an essential role in 40S ribosomal subunit biogenesis independent on its methyltransferase activity, facilitating the incorporation of ribosomal protein S19 during the formation of pre-ribosomes (By similarity).SUBUNIT Homodimer.SIMILARITY Belongs to the class IV-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. RNA methyltransferase NEP1 family.UniProtQ929792EQUAL244EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756790671Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6790671ReactomeR-HSA-67906711Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6790671.11Converted from EntitySet in ReactomeUTP14A,CReactome DB_ID: 8867814UTP14AU3 small nucleolar RNA-associated protein 14 homolog AUT14A_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6790695UniProt:Q9BVJ6 UTP14AUTP14ASDCCAG16FUNCTION May be required for ribosome biogenesis.SUBUNIT Interacts with DHX37.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Ubiquitously expressed.PTM Citrullinated by PADI4.MISCELLANEOUS The human genome also contains the UTP14C gene, an autosomal retrotransposed copy of this X-linked gene. Evolution of autosomal retrogenes from X-linked progenitors compensates for X-chromosome silencing during male meiosis.SIMILARITY Belongs to the UTP14 family.UniProtQ9BVJ61EQUAL771EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756790695Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6790695ReactomeR-HSA-67906951Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6790695.1UTP14CU3 small nucleolar RNA-associated protein 14 homolog CUT14C_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 8867818UniProt:Q5TAP6 UTP14CUTP14CKIAA0266FUNCTION Essential for spermatogenesis. May be required specifically for ribosome biogenesis and hence protein synthesis during male meiosis (By similarity).TISSUE SPECIFICITY Expressed in testis.MISCELLANEOUS Encoded by an autosomal retrotransposed copy of the X-linked gene UTP14A. Evolution of autosomal retrogenes from X-linked progenitors compensates for X-chromosome silencing during male meiosis.SIMILARITY Belongs to the UTP14 family.UniProtQ5TAP61EQUAL766EQUALReactome Database ID Release 758867818Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8867818ReactomeR-HSA-88678182Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8867818.2Reactome Database ID Release 758867814Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8867814ReactomeR-HSA-88678142Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8867814.21UTPA complexReactome DB_ID: 6790880CIRH1ACirhinCIR1A_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6790662UniProt:Q969X6 UTP4UTP4CIRH1AcPERP-EKIAA1988FUNCTION Ribosome biogenesis factor. Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA. Involved in small subunit (SSU) pre-rRNA processing at sites A', A0, 1 and 2b. Required for optimal pre-ribosomal RNA transcription by RNA polymerase (PubMed:17699751, PubMed:19732766). May be a transcriptional regulator. Acts as a positive regulator of HIVEP1 which specifically binds to the DNA sequence 5'-GGGACTTTCC-3' found in enhancer elements of numerous viral promoters such as those of HIV-1, SV40, or CMV (PubMed:19732766).SUBUNIT Interacts with HIVEP1 (PubMed:19732766) Interacts with NOL11 (PubMed:22916032). Interacts directly with UTP15 and WDR43 (PubMed:24219289). May be a component of the proposed t-UTP subcomplex of the ribosomal small subunit (SSU) processome containing at least UTP4, WDR43, HEATR1, UTP15, WDR75 (PubMed:17699751, PubMed:22916032).PTM May be phosphorylated during mitosis; may control the association of this protein with WRD43 and UTP15.UniProtQ969X61EQUAL686EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756790662Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6790662ReactomeR-HSA-67906621Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6790662.11HEATR1HEAT repeat-containing protein 1HEAT1_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6790721UniProt:Q9H583 HEATR1HEATR1BAP28UTP10FUNCTION Ribosome biogenesis factor. Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA. Required for optimal pre-ribosomal RNA transcription by RNA polymerase I.SUBUNIT May be a component of the proposed t-UTP subcomplex of the ribosomal small subunit (SSU) processome containing at least UTP4, WDR43, HEATR1, UTP15, WDR75.SIMILARITY Belongs to the HEATR1/UTP10 family.UniProtQ9H5831EQUAL2144EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756790721Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6790721ReactomeR-HSA-67907211Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6790721.11WDR43WD repeat-containing protein 43WDR43_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6790653UniProt:Q15061 WDR43WDR43KIAA0007UTP5FUNCTION Ribosome biogenesis factor that coordinates hyperactive transcription and ribogenesis (PubMed:17699751). Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA. Required for optimal pre-ribosomal RNA transcription by RNA polymerase I (PubMed:17699751). Essential for stem cell pluripotency and embryonic development. In the nucleoplasm, recruited by promoter-associated/nascent transcripts and transcription to active promoters where it facilitates releases of elongation factor P-TEFb and paused RNA polymerase II to allow transcription elongation and maintain high-level expression of its targets genes (By similarity).SUBUNIT Interacts directly with UTP4 and UTP15 (PubMed:24219289). May be a component of the proposed t-UTP subcomplex of the ribosomal small subunit (SSU) processome containing at least UTP4, WDR43, HEATR1, UTP15, WDR75 (PubMed:17699751, PubMed:22916032). Binds to RNA; binding is required for its chromatin association. Interacts with CDK9, DDX21 and SUPT6H. Interacts with RNA polymerase II (By similarity).DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE Expressed during embryonic development, expression decreases at blastocyst stage.DOMAIN N-terminal domain is required for nucleoplasm location and C-terminal domain for nucleolus location.SIMILARITY Belongs to the UTP5 family.UniProtQ150611EQUAL677EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756790653Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6790653ReactomeR-HSA-67906531Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6790653.11UTP15U3 small nucleolar RNA-associated protein 15 homologUTP15_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6790678UniProt:Q8TED0 UTP15UTP15FUNCTION Ribosome biogenesis factor. Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA. Required for optimal pre-ribosomal RNA transcription by RNA polymerase I.SUBUNIT Interacts directly with UTP4 and WDR43 (PubMed:24219289). May be a component of the proposed t-UTP subcomplex of the ribosomal small subunit (SSU) processome containing at least UTP4, WDR43, HEATR1, UTP15, WDR75 (PubMed:17699751, PubMed:22916032).UniProtQ8TED02EQUAL518EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756790678Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6790678ReactomeR-HSA-67906781Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6790678.11WDR75WD repeat-containing protein 75WDR75_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6790666UniProt:Q8IWA0 WDR75WDR75UTP17FUNCTION Ribosome biogenesis factor. Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA. Required for optimal pre-ribosomal RNA transcription by RNA polymerase I.SUBUNIT May be a component of the proposed t-UTP subcomplex of the ribosomal small subunit (SSU) processome containing at least UTP4, WDR43, HEATR1, UTP15, WDR75 (PubMed:17699751, PubMed:22916032).UniProtQ8IWA01EQUAL830EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756790666Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6790666ReactomeR-HSA-67906661Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6790666.11Reactome Database ID Release 756790880Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6790880ReactomeR-HSA-67908801Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6790880.11WDR46WD repeat-containing protein 46WDR46_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6790677UniProt:O15213 WDR46WDR46BING4C6orf11FP221FUNCTION Scaffold component of the nucleolar structure. Required for localization of DDX21 and NCL to the granular compartment of the nucleolus.SUBUNIT Interacts with DDX21, NCL, NOP2 and EBNA1BP2.UniProtO152131EQUAL610EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756790677Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6790677ReactomeR-HSA-67906771Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6790677.11DIEXFDigestive organ expansion factor homologDIEXF_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6790689UniProt:Q68CQ4 DIEXFDIEXFC1orf107DEFFUNCTION Regulates the p53 pathway to control the expansion growth of digestive organs.SIMILARITY Belongs to the def family.UniProtQ68CQ41EQUAL756EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756790689Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6790689ReactomeR-HSA-67906891Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6790689.11UTP20Small subunit processome component 20 homologUTP20_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6790692UniProt:O75691 UTP20UTP20DRIMFUNCTION Involved in 18S pre-rRNA processing. Associates with U3 snoRNA.SUBUNIT Interacts with FBL and PPP1R26.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Expressed in appendix, brain, colon, fetal liver, heart, ovary, pancreas, placenta, prostate, skeletal muscle, small intestine, spleen, testis and thymus.SIMILARITY Belongs to the UTP20 family.UniProtO756911EQUAL2785EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756790692Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6790692ReactomeR-HSA-67906921Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6790692.11DDX47Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX47 ecNumber3.6.4.13/ecNumberDDX47_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6790605UniProt:Q9H0S4 DDX47DDX47FUNCTION Involved in apoptosis. May have a role in rRNA processing and mRNA splicing. Associates with pre-rRNA precursors.SUBUNIT Interacts with AGO1 and AGO2. Interacts with GABARAP. Interacts with NOL8; the interaction is RNA-dependent.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Expressed in skin, lung and breast. Also expressed in the brain.SIMILARITY Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DDX47/RRP3 subfamily.UniProtQ9H0S42EQUAL455EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756790605Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6790605ReactomeR-HSA-67906051Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6790605.11PDCD11Protein RRP5 homologRRP5_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6790646UniProt:Q14690 PDCD11PDCD11KIAA0185FUNCTION Essential for the generation of mature 18S rRNA, specifically necessary for cleavages at sites A0, 1 and 2 of the 47S precursor. Directly interacts with U3 snoRNA.FUNCTION Involved in the biogenesis of rRNA.SUBUNIT Interacts with NF-kappa-B p50/NFKB1 and NF-kappa-B p65/RELA.UniProtQ146902EQUAL1871EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756790646Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6790646ReactomeR-HSA-67906461Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6790646.11BMS1:RCL1Reactome DB_ID: 6790899RCL1RNA 3'-terminal phosphate cyclase-like proteinRCL1_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6790711UniProt:Q9Y2P8 RCL1RCL1RNACRPC2RPCL1RTC2HSPC338FUNCTION Does not have cyclase activity. Plays a role in 40S-ribosomal-subunit biogenesis in the early pre-rRNA processing steps at sites A0, A1 and A2 that are required for proper maturation of the 18S RNA (By similarity).SIMILARITY Belongs to the RNA 3'-terminal cyclase family. Type 2 subfamily.UniProtQ9Y2P81EQUAL373EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756790711Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6790711ReactomeR-HSA-67907111Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6790711.11BMS1Ribosome biogenesis protein BMS1 homologBMS1_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6790720UniProt:Q14692 BMS1BMS1BMS1LKIAA0187FUNCTION May act as a molecular switch during maturation of the 40S ribosomal subunit in the nucleolus.SIMILARITY Belongs to the TRAFAC class translation factor GTPase superfamily. Bms1-like GTPase family. BMS1 subfamily.UniProtQ146921EQUAL1282EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756790720Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6790720ReactomeR-HSA-67907201Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6790720.11Reactome Database ID Release 756790899Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6790899ReactomeR-HSA-67908991Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6790899.11NOL11Nucleolar protein 11NOL11_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6790684UniProt:Q9H8H0 NOL11NOL11L14FUNCTION Ribosome biogenesis factor. May be required for both optimal rDNA transcription and small subunit (SSU) pre-rRNA processing at sites A', A0, 1 and 2b.SUBUNIT Interacts with UTP4. Interacts with FBL/fibrillarin in a transcription-dependent manner (PubMed:22916032). May associate with the proposed t-UTP subcomplex of the SSU processome containing at least UTP4, WDR43, HEATR1, UTP15, WDR75.MISCELLANEOUS Is the likely candidate for being the functional analog of yeast Utp8.UniProtQ9H8H01EQUAL719EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756790684Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6790684ReactomeR-HSA-67906841Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6790684.11UTP3Something about silencing protein 10SAS10_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6790637UniProt:Q9NQZ2 UTP3UTP3CRLZ1SAS10FUNCTION Essential for gene silencing: has a role in the structure of silenced chromatin. Plays a role in the developing brain (By similarity).PTM Citrullinated by PADI4.SIMILARITY Belongs to the SAS10 family.UniProtQ9NQZ21EQUAL479EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756790637Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6790637ReactomeR-HSA-67906371Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6790637.11NOP14Nucleolar protein 14NOP14_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6790710UniProt:P78316 NOP14NOP14C4orf9NOL14RES4-25FUNCTION Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA. Has a role in the nuclear export of 40S pre-ribosomal subunit to the cytoplasm (By similarity).SUBUNIT Component of the ribosomal small subunit (SSU) processome.SIMILARITY Belongs to the NOP14 family.UniProtP783161EQUAL857EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756790710Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6790710ReactomeR-HSA-67907101Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6790710.11UTPB complexReactome DB_ID: 6790878TBL3Transducin beta-like protein 3TBL3_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6790620UniProt:Q12788 TBL3TBL3SAZDSIMILARITY Contains 13 WD repeats.UniProtQ127882EQUAL808EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756790620Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6790620ReactomeR-HSA-67906201Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6790620.11WDR3WD repeat-containing protein 3WDR3_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6790724UniProt:Q9UNX4 WDR3WDR3TISSUE SPECIFICITY Ubiquitous.SIMILARITY Belongs to the WD repeat WDR3/UTP12 family.UniProtQ9UNX41EQUAL943EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756790724Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6790724ReactomeR-HSA-67907241Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6790724.11PWP2Periodic tryptophan protein 2 homologPWP2_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6790680UniProt:Q15269 PWP2PWP2PWP2HSIMILARITY Belongs to the WD repeat PWP2 family.UniProtQ152691EQUAL919EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756790680Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6790680ReactomeR-HSA-67906801Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6790680.11WDR36WD repeat-containing protein 36WDR36_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6790623UniProt:Q8NI36 WDR36WDR36FUNCTION Involved in the nucleolar processing of SSU 18S rRNA. Involved in T-cell activation and highly coregulated with IL2.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Expressed in heart, placenta, liver, skeletal muscle, kidney and pancreas. In ocular tissues, strong expression in iris, sclera, ciliary muscle, ciliary body, retina and optic nerve.DOMAIN The WD repeats are grouped into two tandem seven-bladed beta-propeller regions.MISCELLANEOUS Depletion of WDR36 mRNA in cultured cells causes apoptotic cell death and consistently associates with a reduced 21S rRNA and delay of 18S rRNA maturation.UniProtQ8NI361EQUAL951EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756790623Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6790623ReactomeR-HSA-67906231Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6790623.11UTP6U3 small nucleolar RNA-associated protein 6 homologUTP6_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6790674UniProt:Q9NYH9 UTP6UTP6C17orf40HCA66MHATFUNCTION Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA.SIMILARITY Belongs to the UTP6 family.UniProtQ9NYH91EQUAL597EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756790674Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6790674ReactomeR-HSA-67906741Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6790674.11UTP18U3 small nucleolar RNA-associated protein 18 homologUTP18_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6790645UniProt:Q9Y5J1 UTP18UTP18WDR50CDABP0061CGI-48FUNCTION Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA.SIMILARITY Belongs to the WD repeat UTP18 family.UniProtQ9Y5J11EQUAL556EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756790645Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6790645ReactomeR-HSA-67906451Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6790645.11Reactome Database ID Release 756790878Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6790878ReactomeR-HSA-67908781Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6790878.11UTP11LProbable U3 small nucleolar RNA-associated protein 11UTP11_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6790700UniProt:Q9Y3A2 UTP11UTP11UTP11LCGI-94HDCMB12PFUNCTION Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA.SUBUNIT Component of the ribosomal small subunit (SSU) processome.SIMILARITY Belongs to the UTP11 family.UniProtQ9Y3A21EQUAL253EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756790700Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6790700ReactomeR-HSA-67907001Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6790700.11DHX37Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DHX37 ecNumber3.6.4.13/ecNumberDHX37_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6790668UniProt:Q8IY37 DHX37DHX37DDX37KIAA1517FUNCTION ATP-binding RNA helicase that plays a role in maturation of the small ribosomal subunit in ribosome biogenesis (PubMed:30582406). Required for the release of the U3 snoRNP from pre-ribosomal particles (PubMed:30582406). Plays a role in early testis development (PubMed:31287541, PubMed:31337883). Probably plays also a role in brain development (PubMed:31256877).SUBUNIT Interacts with UTP14A.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Expressed in the fallopian tube, ovary, uterus and testis. Also expressed in the brain.SIMILARITY Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DEAH subfamily.UniProtQ8IY371EQUAL1157EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756790668Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6790668ReactomeR-HSA-67906681Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6790668.11RPS1440S ribosomal protein S14RS14_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6790669UniProt:P62263 RPS14RPS14PRO2640SIMILARITY Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS11 family.UniProtP622632EQUAL151EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756790669Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6790669ReactomeR-HSA-67906691Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6790669.11MPP10 complexReactome DB_ID: 6790892IMP3U3 small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein protein IMP3IMP3_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6790664UniProt:Q9NV31 IMP3IMP3C15orf12MRPS4FUNCTION Component of the 60-80S U3 small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (U3 snoRNP). Required for the early cleavages during pre-18S ribosomal RNA processing.SUBUNIT Component of a heterotrimeric complex containing IMP3, IMP4 and MPHOSPH10. Interacts with MPHOSPH10.SIMILARITY Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS4 family.UniProtQ9NV311EQUAL184EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756790664Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6790664ReactomeR-HSA-67906641Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6790664.11IMP4U3 small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein protein IMP4IMP4_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6790690UniProt:Q96G21 IMP4IMP4BXDC4FUNCTION Component of the 60-80S U3 small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (U3 snoRNP). Required for the early cleavages during pre-18S ribosomal RNA processing.SUBUNIT Component of a heterotrimeric complex containing IMP3, IMP4 and MPHOSPH10. Interacts with MPHOSPH10.UniProtQ96G211EQUAL291EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756790690Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6790690ReactomeR-HSA-67906901Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6790690.11MPHOSPH10U3 small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein protein MPP10MPP10_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6790661UniProt:O00566 MPHOSPH10MPHOSPH10MPP10FUNCTION Component of the 60-80S U3 small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (U3 snoRNP). Required for the early cleavages during pre-18S ribosomal RNA processing.SUBUNIT Component of a heterotrimeric complex containing IMP3, IMP4 and MPHOSPH10. Interacts with IMP3 and IMP4.PTM Phosphorylated in M (mitotic) phase.SIMILARITY Belongs to the MPP10 family.UniProtO005661EQUAL681EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756790661Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6790661ReactomeR-HSA-67906611Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6790661.11Reactome Database ID Release 756790892Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6790892ReactomeR-HSA-67908921Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6790892.11DCAF13DDB1- and CUL4-associated factor 13DCA13_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6790673UniProt:Q9NV06 DCAF13DCAF13WDSOF1HSPC064FUNCTION Possible role in ribosomal RNA processing (By similarity). May function as a substrate receptor for CUL4-DDB1 E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex.PATHWAY Protein modification; protein ubiquitination.SUBUNIT Interacts with DDB1 (PubMed:16949367). Interacts with ESR1 and LATS1 (PubMed:28068668).SIMILARITY Belongs to the WD repeat DCAF13/WDSOF1 family.UniProtQ9NV061EQUAL445EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756790673Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6790673ReactomeR-HSA-67906731Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6790673.11KRR1KRR1 small subunit processome component homologKRR1_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6790611UniProt:Q13601 KRR1KRR1HRB2FUNCTION Required for 40S ribosome biogenesis. Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA and ribosome assembly (By similarity).SUBUNIT Component of the ribosomal small subunit (SSU) processome (By similarity). Directly interacts with HIV-1 protein VPR. Also identified in a complex with NR3C1 and HIV-1 protein VPR.SIMILARITY Belongs to the KRR1 family.UniProtQ136012EQUAL381EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756790611Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6790611ReactomeR-HSA-67906111Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6790611.11RPS740S ribosomal protein S7RS7_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6790635UniProt:P62081 RPS7RPS7FUNCTION Required for rRNA maturation.SUBUNIT Binds IPO9 with high affinity (PubMed:11823430). Interacts with NEK6 (PubMed:20873783). Interacts with DESI2 (PubMed:28483520).PTM Phosphorylated by NEK6.PTM Ubiquitinated. Deubiquitinated by DESI2, leading to its stabilization.SIMILARITY Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS7 family.UniProtP620811EQUAL194EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756790635Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6790635ReactomeR-HSA-67906351Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6790635.11UTPC complexReactome DB_ID: 6790889NOL6Nucleolar protein 6NOL6_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6790688UniProt:Q9H6R4 NOL6NOL6SUBUNIT Probably associated with rRNA.SIMILARITY Belongs to the NRAP family.UniProtQ9H6R41EQUAL1146EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756790688Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6790688ReactomeR-HSA-67906881Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6790688.11RRP7ARibosomal RNA-processing protein 7 homolog ARRP7A_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6790723UniProt:Q9Y3A4 RRP7ARRP7ACGI-96SIMILARITY Belongs to the RRP7 family.UniProtQ9Y3A41EQUAL280EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756790723Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6790723ReactomeR-HSA-67907231Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6790723.11RRP36Ribosomal RNA processing protein 36 homologRRP36_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6790634UniProt:Q96EU6 RRP36RRP36C6orf153HSPC253FUNCTION Involved in the early processing steps of the pre-rRNA in the maturation pathway leading to the 18S rRNA.MISCELLANEOUS Meningioma antigen.SIMILARITY Belongs to the RRP36 family.UniProtQ96EU61EQUAL259EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756790634Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6790634ReactomeR-HSA-67906341Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6790634.11Reactome Database ID Release 756790889Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6790889ReactomeR-HSA-67908891Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6790889.11DDX49Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX49 ecNumber3.6.4.13/ecNumberDDX49_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6790725UniProt:Q9Y6V7 DDX49DDX49SIMILARITY Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DDX49/DBP8 subfamily.UniProtQ9Y6V71EQUAL483EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756790725Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6790725ReactomeR-HSA-67907251Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6790725.11NOC4LNucleolar complex protein 4 homologNOC4L_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6790616UniProt:Q9BVI4 NOC4LNOC4LSIMILARITY Belongs to the CBF/MAK21 family.UniProtQ9BVI41EQUAL516EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756790616Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6790616ReactomeR-HSA-67906161Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6790616.11U3 snoRNPReactome DB_ID: 6790896OTK27NHP2L1tri-snRNP 15.5 kDa proteinNHP2-like protein 1High mobility group-like nuclear protein 2 homolog 1(U4/U6.U5) tri-snRNP 15.5 kDa proteinReactome DB_ID: 71887UniProt:P55769 SNU13SNU13NHP2L1FUNCTION Involved in pre-mRNA splicing as component of the spliceosome (PubMed:28781166). Binds to the 5'-stem-loop of U4 snRNA and thereby contributes to spliceosome assembly (PubMed:10545122, PubMed:17412961). The protein undergoes a conformational change upon RNA-binding (PubMed:17412961).SUBUNIT Identified in the spliceosome B complex (PubMed:28781166). Component of the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex composed of the U4, U6 and U5 snRNAs and at least PRPF3, PRPF4, PRPF6, PRPF8, PRPF31, SNRNP200, TXNL4A, WDR57, SNRNP40, DDX23, CD2BP2, PPIH, NHP2L1, EFTUD2, SART1 and USP39 (PubMed:16723661, PubMed:26912367). Interacts with RAD17 and PRPF31 (PubMed:10593953, PubMed:17412961, PubMed:21784869). The complex formed by SNU13 and PRPF31 binds U4 snRNA (PubMed:17412961). The complex formed by SNU13 and PRPF31 binds also U4atac snRNA, a characteristic component of specific, less abundant spliceosomal complexes (PubMed:21784869).TISSUE SPECIFICITY Ubiquitous.SIMILARITY Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL8 family.UniProtP557692EQUAL128EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7571887Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=71887ReactomeR-HSA-718872Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-71887.21NOP56Nucleolar protein 56NOP56_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6790696UniProt:O00567 NOP56NOP56NOL5AFUNCTION Involved in the early to middle stages of 60S ribosomal subunit biogenesis. Core component of box C/D small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (snoRNP) particles. Required for the biogenesis of box C/D snoRNAs such U3, U8 and U14 snoRNAs.SUBUNIT Part of a large pre-ribosomal ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex, that consists of at least 62 ribosomal proteins, 45 nonribosomal proteins and both pre-rRNA and mature rRNA species. Within this complex directly interacts with TCOF1 in an RNA-independent manner. Core component of box C/D small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (snoRNP) particles; the core proteins SNU13, NOP56, NOP58 and FBL assemble stepwise onto the snoRNA. Interacts NOP1 and NOP58. Interacts with NUFIP1, RUVBL1 and RUVBL2; RUVBL1:RUVBL2 seem to bridge the association of NOP56 with NUFIP1.SIMILARITY Belongs to the NOP5/NOP56 family.UniProtO005671EQUAL594EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756790696Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6790696ReactomeR-HSA-67906961Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6790696.11FBLrRNA 2'-O-methyltransferase fibrillarin ecNumber2.1.1.-/ecNumberFBRL_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6790638UniProt:P22087 FBLFBLFIB1FLRNFUNCTION S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferase that has the ability to methylate both RNAs and proteins (PubMed:24352239, PubMed:30540930, PubMed:32017898). Involved in pre-rRNA processing by catalyzing the site-specific 2'-hydroxyl methylation of ribose moieties in pre-ribosomal RNA (PubMed:30540930). Site specificity is provided by a guide RNA that base pairs with the substrate (By similarity). Methylation occurs at a characteristic distance from the sequence involved in base pairing with the guide RNA (By similarity). Probably catalyzes 2'-O-methylation of U6 snRNAs in box C/D RNP complexes (PubMed:32017898). U6 snRNA 2'-O-methylation is required for mRNA splicing fidelity (PubMed:32017898). Also acts as a protein methyltransferase by mediating methylation of 'Gln-105' of histone H2A (H2AQ104me), a modification that impairs binding of the FACT complex and is specifically present at 35S ribosomal DNA locus (PubMed:24352239, PubMed:30540930).SUBUNIT Component of box C/D small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (snoRNP) particles that contain SNU13, FBL, NOP5 and NOP56, plus a guide RNA (PubMed:1714385, PubMed:32017898). It is associated with the U3, U8, U13, X and Y small nuclear RNAs (PubMed:1714385). Component of several ribosomal and nucleolar protein complexes. Interacts with PRMT5 and UTP20 (PubMed:14583623, PubMed:17498821). Interacts with DDX5 and C1QBP (PubMed:10837141, PubMed:21536856). Interacts with NOL11 (PubMed:22916032). Interacts with PIH1D1 (PubMed:17636026). Interacts with RRP1B (PubMed:20926688). Interacts with NOLC1 (By similarity).PTM Ubiquitinated. Ubiquitination leads to proteasomal degradation (PubMed:19208757). Deubiquitinated by USP36 (PubMed:19208757).PTM By homology to other fibrillarins, some or all of the N-terminal domain arginines are modified to asymmetric dimethylarginine (DMA).PTM Acetylated by CREBBP/CBP, preventing methylation of 'Gln-105' of histone H2A (H2AQ104me), without affecting rRNA methylation (PubMed:30540930). Deacetylation by SIRT7 restores methylation of 'Gln-105' of histone H2A (H2AQ104me) (PubMed:30540930).SIMILARITY Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. Fibrillarin family.UniProtP220871EQUAL321EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756790638Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6790638ReactomeR-HSA-67906381Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6790638.11SNORD3AU3 snoRNAReactome DB_ID: 6790979NCBI Nucleotide:NR_006880 SNORD3AU3 snoRNASNORD3ANCBI NucleotideNR_0068801EQUAL217EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756790979Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6790979ReactomeR-HSA-67909791Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6790979.11RRP9U3 small nucleolar RNA-interacting protein 2U3IP2_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6790682UniProt:O43818 RRP9RRP9RNU3IP2U355KFUNCTION Component of a nucleolar small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle (snoRNP) thought to participate in the processing and modification of pre-ribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA).SUBUNIT Interacts specifically with the U3 small nucleolar RNA (U3 snoRNA) (PubMed:10982864, PubMed:12381732). Binds a sub-fragment of the U3 snoRNA surrounding the B/C motif (3UBC) (PubMed:10982864, PubMed:12381732). This association with the U3BC RNA is dependent on the binding of a protein called 15.5K to the box B/C motif (PubMed:10982864, PubMed:12381732). The association of the protein with the U3BC RNA was found to be also dependent on a conserved RNA structure that flanks the box B/C motif (PubMed:10982864, PubMed:12381732).DOMAIN The WD domains are required for nucleolar localization and U3 small nucleolar RNAs binding.PTM Acetylation at Lys-12 and Lys-25 by KAT2B/PCAF under stress impairs pre-rRNA processing (PubMed:26867678). Deacetylation by SIRT7 enhances RRP9-binding to U3 snoRNA, which is a prerequisite for pre-rRNA processing (PubMed:26867678).SIMILARITY Belongs to the WD repeat RRP9 family.UniProtO438181EQUAL475EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756790682Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6790682ReactomeR-HSA-67906821Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6790682.11NOP5NOP58Nucleolar protein 58NOP58_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 4570488UniProt:Q9Y2X3 NOP58NOP58NOL5NOP5HSPC120FUNCTION Required for 60S ribosomal subunit biogenesis (By similarity). Core component of box C/D small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (snoRNP) particles. Required for the biogenesis of box C/D snoRNAs such as U3, U8 and U14 snoRNAs.SUBUNIT Core component of box C/D small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (snoRNP) particles; the core proteins SNU13, NOP56, NOP58 and FBL assemble stepwise onto the snoRNA. Interacts with NOLC1/Nopp140. Interacts with NUFIP1, RUVBL1 AND RUVBL2; RUVBL1:RUVBL2 seem to bridge the association of NOP58 with NUFIP1. Interacts with PIH1D1 (PubMed:17636026).TISSUE SPECIFICITY Ubiquitous.PTM Sumoylation is essential for high-affinity binding to snoRNAs.SIMILARITY Belongs to the NOP5/NOP56 family.UniProtQ9Y2X31EQUAL529EQUALReactome Database ID Release 754570488Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=4570488ReactomeR-HSA-45704881Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-4570488.11Reactome Database ID Release 756790896Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6790896ReactomeR-HSA-67908961Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6790896.11DDX52Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX52 ecNumber3.6.4.13/ecNumberDDX52_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6790703UniProt:Q9Y2R4 DDX52DDX52ROK1HUSSY-19SIMILARITY Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DDX52/ROK1 subfamily.UniProtQ9Y2R41EQUAL599EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756790703Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6790703ReactomeR-HSA-67907031Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6790703.11FCF1rRNA-processing protein FCF1 homologFCF1_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6790672UniProt:Q9Y324 FCF1FCF1C14orf111CGI-35FUNCTION Essential protein involved in pre-rRNA processing and 40S ribosomal subunit assembly.SIMILARITY Belongs to the UTP23/FCF1 family. FCF1 subfamily.UniProtQ9Y3241EQUAL198EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756790672Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6790672ReactomeR-HSA-67906721Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6790672.11RPS640S ribosomal protein S6RS6_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6790606UniProt:P62753 RPS6RPS6OK/SW-cl.2FUNCTION May play an important role in controlling cell growth and proliferation through the selective translation of particular classes of mRNA.PTM Ribosomal protein S6 is the major substrate of protein kinases in eukaryote ribosomes. The phosphorylation is stimulated by growth factors, tumor promoting agents, and mitogens. It is dephosphorylated at growth arrest. Phosphorylated at Ser-235 and Ser-236 by RPS6KA1 and RPS6KA3; phosphorylation at these sites facilitates the assembly of the preinitiation complex.PTM Specifically hydroxylated (with R stereochemistry) at C-3 of Arg-137 by KDM8.SIMILARITY Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS6 family.UniProtP627531EQUAL249EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756790606Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6790606ReactomeR-HSA-67906061Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6790606.11Reactome Database ID Release 756790891Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6790891ReactomeR-HSA-67908912Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6790891.21Reactome Database ID Release 756791184Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791184ReactomeR-HSA-67911841Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791184.145S pre-rRNA:SSU processomeReactome DB_ID: 6791211145S pre-rRNAReactome DB_ID: 6791208Reactome Database ID Release 756791208Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791208ReactomeR-HSA-67912082Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791208.2ChEBI18111additional informationMIMI:03611Reactome Database ID Release 756791211Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791211ReactomeR-HSA-67912111Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791211.1ACTIVATIONXRN25'-3' exoribonuclease 2 ecNumber3.1.13.-/ecNumberXRN2_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6791205UniProt:Q9H0D6 XRN2XRN2FUNCTION Possesses 5'-&gt;3' exoribonuclease activity (By similarity). May promote the termination of transcription by RNA polymerase II. During transcription termination, cleavage at the polyadenylation site liberates a 5' fragment which is subsequently processed to form the mature mRNA and a 3' fragment which remains attached to the elongating polymerase. The processive degradation of this 3' fragment by this protein may promote termination of transcription. Binds to RNA polymerase II (RNAp II) transcription termination R-loops formed by G-rich pause sites (PubMed:21700224).SUBUNIT Interacts with POLR2A and SMN1/SMN2 (PubMed:26700805). Interacts with CDKN2AIP and NKRF (PubMed:24462208). Interacts with CDKN2AIPNL; the interaction is direct (PubMed:26779609). Interacts with TRIM71 (via NHL repeats) in an RNA-dependent manner (PubMed:23125361).TISSUE SPECIFICITY Expressed in the spleen, thymus, prostate, testis, ovary, small intestine, colon, peripheral blood leukocytes, heart, brain, placenta, lung, liver, skeletal muscle, kidney, and pancreas. Isoform 2 is expressed predominantly in peripheral blood leukocytes.SIMILARITY Belongs to the 5'-3' exonuclease family. XRN2/RAT1 subfamily.UniProtQ9H0D61EQUAL950EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756791205Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791205ReactomeR-HSA-67912051Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791205.1GENE ONTOLOGYGO:0000175gene ontology term for cellular functionMIMI:0355Same Catalyst ActivityReactome Database ID Release 756791580Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791580Reactome Database ID Release 756791227Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791227ReactomeR-HSA-67912275Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791227.59482744Pubmed1998Nucleolin functions in the first step of ribosomal RNA processingGinisty, HAmalric, FBouvet, PEMBO J. 17:1476-8611922599Pubmed2001Isolation and proteomic characterization of the major proteins of the nucleolin-binding ribonucleoprotein complexesYanagida, MShimamoto, ANishikawa, KFuruichi, YIsobe, TTakahashi, NProteomics 1:1390-40424550520Pubmed2014The roles of SSU processome components and surveillance factors in the initial processing of human ribosomal RNASloan, Katherine EBohnsack, Markus TSchneider, ClaudiaWatkins, Nicholas JRNA 20:540-5020056613Pubmed2010Defects in 18 S or 28 S rRNA processing activate the p53 pathwayHölzel, MichaelOrban, MathiasHochstatter, JuliaRohrmoser, MichaelaHarasim, ThomasMalamoussi, AnastassiaKremmer, ELängst, GernotEick, DirkJ. Biol. Chem. 285:6364-702388630Pubmed1990The first pre-rRNA-processing event occurs in a large complex: analysis by gel retardation, sedimentation, and UV cross-linkingKass, SSollner-Webb, BMol. Cell. Biol. 10:4920-3112068309Pubmed2002A large nucleolar U3 ribonucleoprotein required for 18S ribosomal RNA biogenesisDragon, FGallagher, Jennifer E GCompagnone-Post, Patricia AMitchell, Brianna MPorwancher, Kara AWehner, Karen AWormsley, StevenSettlage, Robert EShabanowitz, JeffreyOsheim, YvonneBeyer, Ann LHunt, Donald FBaserga, Susan JNature 417:967-7019332556Pubmed2009A novel small-subunit processome assembly intermediate that contains the U3 snoRNP, nucleolin, RRP5, and DBP4Turner, Amy JaneKnox, Andrew AlexanderPrieto, José-LuisMcStay, BrianWatkins, Nicholas JamesMol. Cell. Biol. 29:3007-1720038530Pubmed2010Evolutionarily conserved function of RRP36 in early cleavages of the pre-rRNA and production of the 40S ribosomal subunitGérus, MarieBonnart, ChrystelleCaizergues-Ferrer, MichèleHenry, YvesHenras, Anthony KMol. Cell. Biol. 30:1130-4422916032Pubmed2012NOL11, implicated in the pathogenesis of North American Indian childhood cirrhosis, is required for pre-rRNA transcription and processingFreed, Emily FPrieto, José-LuisMcCann, Kathleen LMcStay, BrianBaserga, Susan JPLoS Genet. 8:e100289223439679Pubmed2013Both endonucleolytic and exonucleolytic cleavage mediate ITS1 removal during human ribosomal RNA processingSloan, Katherine EMattijssen, SandyLebaron, SimonTollervey, DavidPruijn, Ger J MWatkins, Nicholas JJ. Cell Biol. 200:577-8821036871Pubmed20115'-end surveillance by Xrn2 acts as a shared mechanism for mammalian pre-rRNA maturation and decayWang, MinshiPestov, Dimitri GNucleic Acids Res. 39:1811-22ACTIVATIONReactome Database ID Release 758949004Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8949004ReactomeR-HSA-89490041Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8949004.1ACTIVATIONReactome Database ID Release 758948998Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8948998ReactomeR-HSA-89489981Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8948998.1ACTIVATIONReactome Database ID Release 758949023Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8949023ReactomeR-HSA-89490231Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8949023.1NCLNucleolinNUCL_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6791213UniProt:P19338 NCLNCLFUNCTION Nucleolin is the major nucleolar protein of growing eukaryotic cells. It is found associated with intranucleolar chromatin and pre-ribosomal particles. It induces chromatin decondensation by binding to histone H1. It is thought to play a role in pre-rRNA transcription and ribosome assembly. May play a role in the process of transcriptional elongation. Binds RNA oligonucleotides with 5'-UUAGGG-3' repeats more tightly than the telomeric single-stranded DNA 5'-TTAGGG-3' repeats.SUBUNIT Identified in a IGF2BP1-dependent mRNP granule complex containing untranslated mRNAs (PubMed:17289661). Component of the SWAP complex that consists of NPM1, NCL/nucleolin, PARP1 and SWAP70 (By similarity). Component of a complex which is at least composed of HTATSF1/Tat-SF1, the P-TEFb complex components CDK9 and CCNT1, RNA polymerase II, SUPT5H, and NCL/nucleolin (PubMed:10393184). Interacts with AICDA (By similarity). Interacts with APTX (PubMed:15044383). Interacts with C1QBP (PubMed:21536856). Interacts with ERBB4 (PubMed:20858735). Interacts (via C-terminus) with FMR1 isoform 6 (via N-terminus) (PubMed:24658146). Interacts with GZF1; this interaction is important for nucleolar localization of GZF1 (PubMed:17674968). Interacts with NSUN2 (PubMed:17215513). Interacts with NVL (PubMed:21474449). Interacts (via N-terminus domain) with SETX (PubMed:21700224). Interacts (via RRM1 and C-terminal RRM4/Arg/Gly-rich domains) with TERT; the interaction is important for nucleolar localization of TERT (PubMed:15371412). Interacts with WDR46 (PubMed:23848194). Interacts with ZFP36 (PubMed:20221403). Interacts with LRRC34 (By similarity). Interacts with RRP1B (PubMed:19710015). Interacts with HNRNPU; this interaction occurs during mitosis (PubMed:21242313). Interacts with RIOK1; RIOK1 recruits NCL to PRMT5 for symmetrically methylation (PubMed:21081503). Interacts with ZBTB7B (By similarity). Interacts with MDK; this interaction promotes NCL clustering and lateral movements of this complex into lipid rafts leading to MDK internalization (PubMed:12147681). Interacts with HDGF (isoform 1) (PubMed:26845719).PTM Some glutamate residues are glycylated by TTLL8. This modification occurs exclusively on glutamate residues and results in a glycine chain on the gamma-carboxyl group (By similarity).PTM Symmetrically methylated by PRMT5.UniProtP193382EQUAL710EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756791213Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791213ReactomeR-HSA-67912131Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791213.1ACTIVATIONReactome Database ID Release 758949042Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8949042ReactomeR-HSA-89490421Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8949042.1SKIV2L2Superkiller viralicidic activity 2-like 2 ecNumber3.6.4.13/ecNumberSK2L2_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6791189UniProt:P42285 MTREXMTREXDOB1KIAA0052MTR4SKIV2L2FUNCTION Catalyzes the ATP-dependent unwinding of RNA duplexes with a single-stranded 3' RNA extension (PubMed:27871484, PubMed:29844170, PubMed:29906447). Central subunit of many protein complexes, namely TRAMP-like, nuclear exosome targeting (NEXT) and poly(A) tail exosome targeting (PAXT) (PubMed:27871484, PubMed:29844170, PubMed:21855801). NEXT functions as an RNA exosome cofactor that directs a subset of non-coding short-lived RNAs for exosomal degradation. NEXT is involved in surveillance and turnover of aberrant transcripts and non-coding RNAs (PubMed:27871484, PubMed:29844170). PAXT directs a subset of long and polyadenylated poly(A) RNAs for exosomal degradation. The RNA exosome is fundamental for the degradation of RNA in eukaryotic nuclei. Substrate targeting is facilitated by its cofactor ZCCHC8, which links to RNA-binding protein adapters (PubMed:27871484). Associated with the RNA exosome complex and involved in the 3'-processing of the 7S pre-RNA to the mature 5.8S rRNA (PubMed:17412707, PubMed:29107693). May be involved in pre-mRNA splicing. In the context of NEXT complex can also in vitro unwind DNA:RNA heteroduplexes with a 3' poly (A) RNA tracking strand (PubMed:29844170). Can promote unwinding and degradation of structured RNA substrates when associated with the nuclear exosome and its cofactors. Can displace a DNA strand while translocating on RNA to ultimately degrade the RNA within a DNA/RNA heteroduplex (PubMed:29906447).ACTIVITY REGULATION Activated when MTREX is incorporated into NEXT complex an the nuclear RNA exosome complex.SUBUNIT Component of a TRAMP-like complex, an ATP-dependent exosome regulatory complex consisting of a helicase (MTREX), an oligadenylate polymerase (TENT4B or TENT4A), and a substrate specific RNA-binding factor (ZCCHC7 or ZCCHC8). Several TRAMP-like complexes exist with specific compositions and are associated with nuclear, or nucleolar RNA exosomes (PubMed:21855801). Identified in the spliceosome C complex. Component of the poly(A) tail exosome targeting (PAXT) complex made of PABPN1, ZFC3H1 and MTREX that directs a subset of long and polyadenylated poly(A) RNAs for exosomal degradation (PubMed:27871484). Component of the nuclear exosome targeting (NEXT) complex composed of MTREX, ZCCHC8, and RBM7 that directs a subset of non-coding short-lived RNAs for exosomal degradation (PubMed:27905398, PubMed:27871484). Interacts with ZCCHC8; this interaction bridges the interaction between RBM7 and MTREX (PubMed:27905398, PubMed:16263084, PubMed:29844170, PubMed:31358741). Binds to ZFC3H1 and RBM7 in a RNase-insensitive manner (PubMed:27871484). Interacts with EXOSC10; the interaction mediates the association of MTREX with nuclear RNA exosomes (PubMed:26166824). Interacts with isoform 1 of NVL in an ATP-dependent manner; the interaction is required to associate NVL with nuclear RNA exosome (PubMed:16782053, PubMed:26166824, PubMed:11991638, PubMed:16263084, PubMed:21855801, PubMed:27871484, PubMed:27905398, PubMed:31358741). Interacts with WDR74; the interaction dissociation in a late stage of rRNA synthesis is required for appropriate maturation of pre-60S particles and depends on the ATPase activity of NVL (PubMed:26456651, PubMed:29107693). Interacts with MPHOSPH6 (PubMed:17412707). Interacts with the RNA cap-binding complex proteins NCBP1 and SRRT (PubMed:30842217). Interacts with NRDE2; the interaction is direct and negatively regulates MTREX function in exosomal degradation by changing its conformation precluding interaction with ZFC3H1, the RNA cap-binding complex proteins NCBP1 and SRRT, and association with the exosome (PubMed:30842217). Interacts with the nuclear RNA exosome complex (PubMed:29906447).SIMILARITY Belongs to the helicase family. SKI2 subfamily.UniProtP422852EQUAL1042EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756791189Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791189ReactomeR-HSA-67911891Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791189.1ACTIVATIONReactome Database ID Release 758949001Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8949001ReactomeR-HSA-89490011Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8949001.1ACTIVATIONReactome Database ID Release 758949031Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8949031ReactomeR-HSA-89490311Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8949031.1LEFT-TO-RIGHT45S pre-rRNA is nucleolytically processed at site 2 (site 2b) to yield 30S pre-rRNA and 32S pre-rRNAAn unknown endonuclease cleaves at site 2 (also called site 2b in mouse) in the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) between the 18S rRNA and the 5.8S rRNA in the 45S precursor rRNA (pre-rRNA) while the pre-rRNA is contained in a 90S particle containing ribosomal proteins and assembly factors (Sloan et al. 2013). (The 90S particle is believed to be produced by addition of further subunits to the complex containing the pre-RNA and the small subunit (SSU) processome (inferred from yeast in Grandi et al. 2002).) The products are a 30S pre-rRNA which contains the 18S rRNA and a 32S pre-rRNA containing the 5.8S rRNA and the 28S rRNA. The cleavage splits the 90S particle into a pre-40S particle and a pre-60S particle and is believed to occur while the 5' region of the 45S rRNA is bound by the SSU processome. BOP1 (a subunit of the PeBoW complex), RBM28, NOL12 and RRP1 (NOP52) also participate in the cleavage (Sloan et al. 2013, Yoshikawa et al. 2015). Exonucleases including XRN2 and EXOSC10 (RRP6) of the exosome complex then remove further nucleotides from the end of the ITS (Sloan et al. 2013).Authored: May, Bruce, 2015-08-16Reviewed: Vincent, Nicholas G, 2016-01-30Edited: May, Bruce, 2015-08-1630S pre-rRNA:SSU processomeReactome DB_ID: 679118530S pre-rRNAReactome DB_ID: 6791193Reactome Database ID Release 756791193Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791193ReactomeR-HSA-67911932Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791193.2ChEBI1811111Reactome Database ID Release 756791185Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791185ReactomeR-HSA-67911851Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791185.132S pre-rRNAReactome DB_ID: 6791200Reactome Database ID Release 756791200Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791200ReactomeR-HSA-67912002Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791200.2ChEBI18111Reactome Database ID Release 756791228Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791228ReactomeR-HSA-67912284Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791228.412150911Pubmed200290S pre-ribosomes include the 35S pre-rRNA, the U3 snoRNP, and 40S subunit processing factors but predominantly lack 60S synthesis factorsGrandi, PaolaRybin, VladimirBassler, JochenPetfalski, ElisabethStrauss, DanielaMarzioch, MartinaSchäfer, ThorstenKuster, BernhardTschochner, HerbertTollervey, DavidGavin, Anne ClaudeHurt, EdMol. Cell 10:105-1525969445Pubmed2015Human nucleolar protein Nop52 (RRP1/NNP-1) is involved in site 2 cleavage in internal transcribed spacer 1 of pre-rRNAs at early stages of ribosome biogenesisYoshikawa, HarunoriIshikawa, HideakiIzumikawa, KeiichiMiura, YutakaHayano, ToshiyaIsobe, ToshiakiSimpson, RJTakahashi, NobuhiroNucleic Acids Res. 43:5524-36ACTIVATIONReactome Database ID Release 758948999Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8948999ReactomeR-HSA-89489991Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8948999.1RBM28RNA-binding protein 28RBM28_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6791192UniProt:Q9NW13 RBM28RBM28FUNCTION Nucleolar component of the spliceosomal ribonucleoprotein complexes.SUBUNIT Interacts with U1, U2, U4, U5, and U6 spliceosomal small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs).TISSUE SPECIFICITY Ubiquitously expressed.UniProtQ9NW132EQUAL759EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756791192Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791192ReactomeR-HSA-67911921Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791192.1ACTIVATIONReactome Database ID Release 758949007Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8949007ReactomeR-HSA-89490071Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8949007.1NOL12Nucleolar protein 12NOL12_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6791195UniProt:Q9UGY1 NOL12NOL12FUNCTION May bind to 28S rRNA.SUBUNIT Interacts with KIAA1191.SIMILARITY Belongs to the RRP17 family.UniProtQ9UGY11EQUAL213EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756791195Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791195ReactomeR-HSA-67911951Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791195.1ACTIVATIONReactome Database ID Release 758949015Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8949015ReactomeR-HSA-89490151Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8949015.1RRP1Ribosomal RNA processing protein 1 homolog ARRP1_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6792441UniProt:P56182 RRP1RRP1D21S2056ENNP1NOP52RRP1AFUNCTION Plays a critical role in the generation of 28S rRNA.SUBUNIT Interacts with C1QBP (PubMed:21536856). Interacts with RRP1B (PubMed:20926688).TISSUE SPECIFICITY Ubiquitously expressed in fetal and adult tissues.PTM Methylated at Gln-427 by N6AMT1.SIMILARITY Belongs to the RRP1 family.UniProtP561821EQUAL461EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756792441Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6792441ReactomeR-HSA-67924411Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6792441.1ACTIVATIONReactome Database ID Release 758949041Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8949041ReactomeR-HSA-89490411Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8949041.1ACTIVATIONReactome Database ID Release 758949025Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8949025ReactomeR-HSA-89490251Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8949025.1BOP1fullName evidence="2"Ribosome biogenesis protein BOP1BOP1_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6791206UniProt:Q14137 BOP1BOP1KIAA0124FUNCTION Component of the PeBoW complex, which is required for maturation of 28S and 5.8S ribosomal RNAs and formation of the 60S ribosome.SUBUNIT Component of the PeBoW complex, composed of BOP1, PES1 and WDR12 (PubMed:16043514, PubMed:16738141, PubMed:17189298, PubMed:17353269). The complex is held together by BOP1, which interacts with PES1 via its N-terminal domain and with WDR12 via a high-affinity interaction between the seven-bladed beta-propeller domains of the 2 proteins. The NOP7 complex associates with the 66S pre-ribosome (By similarity). The PeBoW complex associates with DDX27, BOP1 interacts directly with DDX27 (PubMed:25825154).INDUCTION By MYC.SIMILARITY Belongs to the WD repeat BOP1/ERB1 family.UniProtQ141371EQUAL746EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756791206Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791206ReactomeR-HSA-67912061Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791206.1ACTIVATIONReactome Database ID Release 758949005Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8949005ReactomeR-HSA-89490051Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8949005.1EXOSC10Exosome component 10 ecNumber3.1.13.-/ecNumberEXOSX_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6791547UniProt:Q01780 EXOSC10EXOSC10PMSCLPMSCL2RRP6FUNCTION Putative catalytic component of the RNA exosome complex which has 3'-&gt;5' exoribonuclease activity and participates in a multitude of cellular RNA processing and degradation events. In the nucleus, the RNA exosome complex is involved in proper maturation of stable RNA species such as rRNA, snRNA and snoRNA, in the elimination of RNA processing by-products and non-coding 'pervasive' transcripts, such as antisense RNA species and promoter-upstream transcripts (PROMPTs), and of mRNAs with processing defects, thereby limiting or excluding their export to the cytoplasm. The RNA exosome may be involved in Ig class switch recombination (CSR) and/or Ig variable region somatic hypermutation (SHM) by targeting AICDA deamination activity to transcribed dsDNA substrates. In the cytoplasm, the RNA exosome complex is involved in general mRNA turnover and specifically degrades inherently unstable mRNAs containing AU-rich elements (AREs) within their 3' untranslated regions, and in RNA surveillance pathways, preventing translation of aberrant mRNAs. It seems to be involved in degradation of histone mRNA. EXOSC10 has 3'-5' exonuclease activity (By similarity). EXOSC10 is required for nucleolar localization of C1D and probably mediates the association of MTREX, C1D and MPP6 wth the RNA exosome involved in the maturation of 5.8S rRNA.SUBUNIT Component of the RNA exosome complex (PubMed:20531389, PubMed:26166824, PubMed:29906447). The catalytically inactive RNA exosome core (Exo-9) complex is believed to associate with catalytic subunits EXOSC10, and DIS3 or DIS3L in cytoplasmic- and nuclear-specific RNA exosome complex forms (PubMed:20531389). Interacts with C1D and MPHOSPH6 (PubMed:17412707). Interacts with ALYREF/THOC4 (PubMed:17234882). Interacts with MTREX; the interaction mediates the association of MTREX with nuclear RNA exosomes (PubMed:26166824). Interacts with DHX36; this interaction occurs in a RNase-insensitive manner (PubMed:14731398).UniProtQ017801EQUAL885EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756791547Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791547ReactomeR-HSA-67915471Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791547.1LEFT-TO-RIGHT30S pre-rRNA is nucleolytically processed at site 1 to yield 21S pre-rRNAAn unknown endonuclease cleaves site 1 (also called site A1), removing the remainder of the 5' external transcribed spacer (5' ETS) from 30S pre-rRNA containing the 18S rRNA (Freed et al. 2012, Tomecki et al. 2015). Sixteen proteins of the small ribosomal subunit are required for processing sequences flanking the 18S rRNA in the 30S pre-rRNA (O'Donohue et al. 2010) presumably due to their assembly onto pre-rRNA as processing proceeds. Additionally, FCF1 (hUTP24, part of the SSU processome) is required for cleavage at site 1 (Tomecki et al. 2015) and NOL11 and CIRH1A (Cirhin, part of the UTPA complex) interact and are required for cleavage at site 1 and other sites (A', A0, and 2) (Freed et al. 2012). FTSJ3 and NIP7 interact and are required for processing at sites 1, 2, and A0 (Morello et al. 2011).Authored: May, Bruce, 2015-08-16Reviewed: Vincent, Nicholas G, 2016-01-30Edited: May, Bruce, 2015-08-1621S pre-rRNA:SSU processomeReactome DB_ID: 679119921S pre-rRNAReactome DB_ID: 6791194Reactome Database ID Release 756791194Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791194ReactomeR-HSA-67911942Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791194.2ChEBI1811111Reactome Database ID Release 756791199Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791199ReactomeR-HSA-67911991Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791199.1Reactome Database ID Release 756791221Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791221ReactomeR-HSA-67912214Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791221.420819938Pubmed2010Functional dichotomy of ribosomal proteins during the synthesis of mammalian 40S ribosomal subunitsO'Donohue, Marie-FrançoiseChoesmel, ValérieFaubladier, MarlèneFichant, GwennaëleGleizes, Pierre-EmmanuelJ. Cell Biol. 190:853-6620798176Pubmed2011The NIP7 protein is required for accurate pre-rRNA processing in human cellsMorello, Luis GHesling, CédricColtri, Patricia PCastilho, Beatriz ARimokh, RuthZanchin, Nilson I TNucleic Acids Res. 39:648-6526237581Pubmed2015hUTP24 is essential for processing of the human ribosomal RNA precursor at site A1, but not at site A0Tomecki, RafalLabno, AnnaDrazkowska, KarolinaCysewski, DominikDziembowski, AndrzejRNA Biol022195017Pubmed2011The human nucleolar protein FTSJ3 associates with NIP7 and functions in pre-rRNA processingMorello, Luis GColtri, Patricia PQuaresma, Alexandre J CSimabuco, Fernando MSilva, Tereza C LSingh, GuramritNickerson, Jeffrey AOliveira, Carla CMoore, Melissa JZanchin, Nilson I TPLoS ONE 6:e29174ACTIVATIONReactome Database ID Release 758949009Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8949009ReactomeR-HSA-89490091Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8949009.1ACTIVATIONReactome Database ID Release 758949022Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8949022ReactomeR-HSA-89490221Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8949022.1RPS3AfullName evidence="2"40S ribosomal protein S3aRS3A_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6791182UniProt:P61247 RPS3ARPS3AFTE1MFTLFUNCTION May play a role during erythropoiesis through regulation of transcription factor DDIT3.SUBUNIT Component of the small ribosomal subunit. Mature ribosomes consist of a small (40S) and a large (60S) subunit. The 40S subunit contains about 33 different proteins and 1 molecule of RNA (18S). The 60S subunit contains about 49 different proteins and 3 molecules of RNA (28S, 5.8S and 5S). Identified in a IGF2BP1-dependent mRNP granule complex containing untranslated mRNAs. Binds with high affinity to IPO4. Interacts with DDIT3.SIMILARITY Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS1 family.UniProtP612472EQUAL264EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756791182Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791182ReactomeR-HSA-67911821Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791182.1ACTIVATIONReactome Database ID Release 758948997Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8948997ReactomeR-HSA-89489971Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8948997.1S4RPS240S small ribosomal protein 2P1588040S ribosomal protein S2LLREP3 proteinReactome DB_ID: 72347cytosolGENE ONTOLOGYGO:00058291EQUAL293EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7572347Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72347ReactomeR-HSA-723471Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72347.1ACTIVATIONReactome Database ID Release 758949008Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8949008ReactomeR-HSA-89490081Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8949008.1ACTIVATIONReactome Database ID Release 758949000Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8949000ReactomeR-HSA-89490001Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8949000.1RPS2440S ribosomal protein S24RS24_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6791186UniProt:P62847 RPS24RPS24FUNCTION Required for processing of pre-rRNA and maturation of 40S ribosomal subunits.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Mature tissues, such as adult brain, skeletal muscle, heart, and kidney, express low levels, whereas tissues and organs with significant populations of proliferating cells, such as fetal brain, placenta, bone marrow, and various glandular organs, contain significantly higher levels.SIMILARITY Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS24 family.UniProtP628471EQUAL133EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756791186Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791186ReactomeR-HSA-67911861Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791186.1ACTIVATIONReactome Database ID Release 758949026Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8949026ReactomeR-HSA-89490261Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8949026.1RPS540S ribosomal protein S5 component recommendedName: 40S ribosomal protein S5, N-terminally processed /componentRS5_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6791188UniProt:P46782 RPS5RPS5SIMILARITY Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS7 family.UniProtP467821EQUAL204EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756791188Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791188ReactomeR-HSA-67911881Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791188.1ACTIVATIONReactome Database ID Release 758949035Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8949035ReactomeR-HSA-89490351Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8949035.1RPS1140S ribosomal protein S11RS11_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6791212UniProt:P62280 RPS11RPS11PTM Citrullinated by PADI4.SIMILARITY Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS17 family.UniProtP622802EQUAL158EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756791212Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791212ReactomeR-HSA-67912121Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791212.1ACTIVATIONReactome Database ID Release 758949036Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8949036ReactomeR-HSA-89490361Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8949036.1FTSJ3fullName evidence="2"pre-rRNA processing protein FTSJ3 ecNumber evidence="2"2.1.1.-/ecNumberSPB1_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6791507UniProt:Q8IY81 FTSJ3FTSJ3SB92FUNCTION RNA 2'-O-methyltransferase involved in the processing of the 34S pre-rRNA to 18S rRNA and in 40S ribosomal subunit formation.FUNCTION (Microbial infection) In case of infection by HIV-1 virus, recruited to HIV-1 RNA and catalyzes 2'-O-methylation of the viral genome, allowing HIV-1 virus to escape the innate immune system (PubMed:30626973). RNA 2'-O-methylation provides a molecular signature for discrimination of self from non-self and is used by HIV-1 to evade innate immune recognition by IFIH1/MDA5 (PubMed:30626973). Mediates methylation of internal residues of HIV-1 RNA, with a strong preference for adenosine (PubMed:30626973). Recruited to HIV-1 RNA via interaction with TARBP2/TRBP (PubMed:30626973).SUBUNIT Interacts with NIP7.SUBUNIT (Microbial infection) Interacts with TARBP2/TRBP in case of infection by HIV-1; leading to recruitment to HIV-1 TAR RNA (PubMed:30626973). The complex formed with TARBP2/TRBP is independent of DICER (PubMed:30626973).PTM Citrullinated by PADI4.SIMILARITY Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. RNA methyltransferase RlmE family. SPB1 subfamily.UniProtQ8IY811EQUAL847EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756791507Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791507ReactomeR-HSA-67915071Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791507.1ACTIVATIONReactome Database ID Release 758949028Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8949028ReactomeR-HSA-89490281Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8949028.1RPS2840S ribosomal protein S28RS28_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6791202UniProt:P62857 RPS28RPS28SUBUNIT Component of the 40S small ribosomal subunit.SIMILARITY Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS28 family.UniProtP628571EQUAL69EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756791202Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791202ReactomeR-HSA-67912021Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791202.1ACTIVATIONReactome Database ID Release 758949039Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8949039ReactomeR-HSA-89490391Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8949039.1NIP760S ribosome subunit biogenesis protein NIP7 homologNIP7_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6797236UniProt:Q9Y221 NIP7NIP7CGI-37HSPC031HSPC180OK/SW-cl.76OK/SW-cl.78FUNCTION Required for proper 34S pre-rRNA processing and 60S ribosome subunit assembly.SUBUNIT Monomer. Interacts with pre-ribosome complex. May bind to RNA (By similarity). Interacts with NOL8. May interact with SBDS. Interacts with FTSJ3.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Expressed in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells.SIMILARITY Belongs to the NIP7 family.UniProtQ9Y2211EQUAL180EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756797236Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6797236ReactomeR-HSA-67972361Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6797236.1ACTIVATIONReactome Database ID Release 758949038Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8949038ReactomeR-HSA-89490381Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8949038.1ACTIVATIONReactome Database ID Release 758948994Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8948994ReactomeR-HSA-89489941Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8948994.1RPS2740S ribosomal protein S27RS27_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6791190UniProt:P42677 RPS27RPS27MPS1FUNCTION Component of the small ribosomal subunit (PubMed:8706699). Required for proper rRNA processing and maturation of 18S rRNAs (PubMed:25424902).SUBUNIT Component of the small ribosomal subunit.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Expressed in a wide variety of actively proliferating cells and tumor tissues.SIMILARITY Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS27 family.CAUTION Was originally (PubMed:8407955) thought to be a protein that could have played a role as a potentially important mediator of cellular proliferative responses to various growth factors and other environmental signals. Capable of specific binding to a cAMP response element in DNA.UniProtP426772EQUAL84EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756791190Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791190ReactomeR-HSA-67911901Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791190.1ACTIVATIONReactome Database ID Release 758949029Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8949029ReactomeR-HSA-89490291Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8949029.1RPS15A40S ribosomal protein S15aRS15A_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6791191UniProt:P62244 RPS15ARPS15AOK/SW-cl.82FUNCTION Structural component of the ribosome (PubMed:23636399). Required for proper erythropoiesis (PubMed:27909223).SUBUNIT Component of the 40S ribosomal subunit.SIMILARITY Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS8 family.UniProtP622442EQUAL130EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756791191Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791191ReactomeR-HSA-67911911Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791191.1ACTIVATIONReactome Database ID Release 758949032Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8949032ReactomeR-HSA-89490321Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8949032.1RPS840S ribosomal protein S8RS8_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6791203UniProt:P62241 RPS8RPS8OK/SW-cl.83SUBUNIT Identified in a IGF2BP1-dependent mRNP granule complex containing untranslated mRNAs.SIMILARITY Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS8 family.UniProtP622412EQUAL208EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756791203Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791203ReactomeR-HSA-67912031Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791203.1ACTIVATIONReactome Database ID Release 758949013Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8949013ReactomeR-HSA-89490131Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8949013.1ACTIVATIONReactome Database ID Release 758949017Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8949017ReactomeR-HSA-89490171Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8949017.1RPS1640S ribosomal protein S16RS16_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6791196UniProt:P62249 RPS16RPS16SIMILARITY Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS9 family.UniProtP622492EQUAL146EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756791196Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791196ReactomeR-HSA-67911961Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791196.1ACTIVATIONReactome Database ID Release 758949018Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8949018ReactomeR-HSA-89490181Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8949018.1RPS2340S ribosomal protein S23RS23_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6791209UniProt:P62266 RPS23RPS23FUNCTION Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell (PubMed:28257692, PubMed:23636399, PubMed:25957688, PubMed:25901680). The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain. The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through a tunnel in the LSU and interact with protein factors that function in enzymatic processing, targeting, and the membrane insertion of nascent chains at the exit of the ribosomal tunnel (PubMed:23636399, PubMed:25957688, PubMed:25901680). Plays an important role in translational accuracy (PubMed:28257692).SUBUNIT Component of the 40S small ribosomal subunit.PTM Hydroxylation at Pro-62 affects translation termination efficiency.SIMILARITY Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS12 family.UniProtP622662EQUAL143EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756791209Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791209ReactomeR-HSA-67912091Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791209.1ACTIVATIONReactome Database ID Release 758949016Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8949016ReactomeR-HSA-89490161Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8949016.1ACTIVATIONReactome Database ID Release 758949012Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8949012ReactomeR-HSA-89490121Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8949012.1ACTIVATIONReactome Database ID Release 758949020Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8949020ReactomeR-HSA-89490201Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8949020.1RPS1340S ribosomal protein S13RS13_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6791198UniProt:P62277 RPS13RPS13SIMILARITY Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS15 family.UniProtP622772EQUAL151EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756791198Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791198ReactomeR-HSA-67911981Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791198.1ACTIVATIONReactome Database ID Release 758949011Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8949011ReactomeR-HSA-89490111Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8949011.1RPS27L40S ribosomal protein S27-likeRS27L_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6791197UniProt:Q71UM5 RPS27LRPS27LSIMILARITY Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS27 family.UniProtQ71UM52EQUAL84EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756791197Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791197ReactomeR-HSA-67911971Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791197.1ACTIVATIONReactome Database ID Release 758949003Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8949003ReactomeR-HSA-89490031Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8949003.1LEFT-TO-RIGHT3.1.1321S pre-rRNA is nucleolytically processed at site E (site2a) to yield 18SE pre-rRNAAn unknown endonuclease in the nucleolus cleaves at site E (site 2a in mouse) of 21S pre-rRNA, yielding 18SE pre-rRNA (Preti et al. 2013, Sloan et al. 2013). Evidence also indicates that 18SE may also be produced by an exonucleolytic pathway (Carron et al. 2011, Sloan et al. 2013). BYSL (Bystin, ENG1), SKIV2L2 (MTR4), and the exonuclease activity of EXOSC10 (RRP6), all associated with the exosome, are required for formation of 18SE by the exonucleolytic pathway (Sloan et al. 2013). Sequencing indicates that 18SE molecules can have variable ends, presumably due to exonuclease activity (Preti et al. 2013).Authored: May, Bruce, 2015-08-16Reviewed: Vincent, Nicholas G, 2016-01-30Edited: May, Bruce, 2015-08-1618SE pre-rRNA:SSU processomeReactome DB_ID: 679118718SE pre-rRNAReactome DB_ID: 6791204Reactome Database ID Release 756791204Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791204ReactomeR-HSA-67912042Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791204.2ChEBI18111EMBLX0320511Reactome Database ID Release 756791187Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791187ReactomeR-HSA-67911871Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791187.1ACTIVATIONactiveUnit: #Protein57EXOSC10:C1D:MPHOSPH6:SKIV2L2:ExosomeReactome DB_ID: 6791581EXOSC10:C1D:MPHOSPH6Reactome DB_ID: 6791502C1DNuclear nucleic acid-binding protein C1DC1D_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6791515UniProt:Q13901 C1DC1DFUNCTION Plays a role in the recruitment of the RNA exosome complex to pre-rRNA to mediate the 3'-5' end processing of the 5.8S rRNA; this function may include MPHOSPH6. Can activate PRKDC not only in the presence of linear DNA but also in the presence of supercoiled DNA. Can induce apoptosis in a p53/TP53 dependent manner. May regulate the TRAX/TSN complex formation. Potentiates transcriptional repression by NR1D1 and THRB (By similarity).SUBUNIT Monomer and homodimer. Interacts with NR1D1, THRA, THRB, NCOR1 and NCOR2 (By similarity). Interacts with EXOSC10; the interaction probably mediates the association with the nuclear form of the RNA exosome. The homodimeric form interacts with TSNAX following gamma-radiation. Interacts with RAC3.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Ubiquitous. Expressed at very high levels in the hippocampus, medulla oblongata, mammary gland, thyroid and salivary gland. Expressed at high levels in the fetal; lung, liver and kidney. Expressed at low levels in skeletal muscle, appendix, heart, lung and colon.INDUCTION By gamma-radiation.PTM Phosphorylated by PRKDC.SIMILARITY Belongs to the C1D family.UniProtQ139011EQUAL141EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756791515Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791515ReactomeR-HSA-67915151Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791515.11MPHOSPH6M-phase phosphoprotein 6MPH6_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6791553UniProt:Q99547 MPHOSPH6MPHOSPH6MPP6FUNCTION RNA-binding protein that associates with the RNA exosome complex. Involved in the 3'-processing of the 7S pre-RNA to the mature 5.8S rRNA and play a role in recruiting the RNA exosome complex to pre-rRNA; this function may include C1D.SUBUNIT Associates with the RNA exosome complex, probably mediated by EXOSC10 (PubMed:29906447). Interacts with ARHGAP18, EXOSC10 and MTREX.PTM Phosphorylated in M (mitotic) phase.SIMILARITY Belongs to the MPP6 family.UniProtQ995471EQUAL160EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756791553Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791553ReactomeR-HSA-67915531Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791553.111Reactome Database ID Release 756791502Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791502ReactomeR-HSA-67915021Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791502.111Exosome core complexReactome DB_ID: 6791537EXOSC9Exosome complex component RRP45EXOS9_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6791577UniProt:Q06265 EXOSC9EXOSC9PMSCL1FUNCTION Non-catalytic component of the RNA exosome complex which has 3'-&gt;5' exoribonuclease activity and participates in a multitude of cellular RNA processing and degradation events. In the nucleus, the RNA exosome complex is involved in proper maturation of stable RNA species such as rRNA, snRNA and snoRNA, in the elimination of RNA processing by-products and non-coding 'pervasive' transcripts, such as antisense RNA species and promoter-upstream transcripts (PROMPTs), and of mRNAs with processing defects, thereby limiting or excluding their export to the cytoplasm. The RNA exosome may be involved in Ig class switch recombination (CSR) and/or Ig variable region somatic hypermutation (SHM) by targeting AICDA deamination activity to transcribed dsDNA substrates. In the cytoplasm, the RNA exosome complex is involved in general mRNA turnover and specifically degrades inherently unstable mRNAs containing AU-rich elements (AREs) within their 3' untranslated regions, and in RNA surveillance pathways, preventing translation of aberrant mRNAs. It seems to be involved in degradation of histone mRNA. The catalytic inactive RNA exosome core complex of 9 subunits (Exo-9) is proposed to play a pivotal role in the binding and presentation of RNA for ribonucleolysis, and to serve as a scaffold for the association with catalytic subunits and accessory proteins or complexes. EXOSC9 binds to ARE-containing RNAs.SUBUNIT Component of the RNA exosome complex (PubMed:29906447). Specifically part of the catalytically inactive RNA exosome core (Exo-9) complex which is believed to associate with catalytic subunits EXOSC10, and DIS3 or DIS3L in cytoplasmic- and nuclear-specific RNA exosome complex forms. Exo-9 is formed by a hexameric ring of RNase PH domain-containing subunits specifically containing the heterodimers EXOSC4-EXOSC9, EXOSC5-EXOSC8 and EXOSC6-EXOSC7, and peripheral S1 domain-containing components EXOSC1, EXOSC2 and EXOSC3 located on the top of the ring structure (PubMed:11719186, PubMed:12788944, PubMed:20531389). Interacts (via C-terminus region) with SETX (via N-terminus domain); the interaction enhances SETX sumoylation (PubMed:24105744).SIMILARITY Belongs to the RNase PH family.CAUTION The six exosome core subunits containing a RNase PH-domain are not phosphorolytically active.UniProtQ062651EQUAL439EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756791577Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791577ReactomeR-HSA-67915771Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791577.11EXOSC1Exosome complex component CSL4EXOS1_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6791578UniProt:Q9Y3B2 EXOSC1EXOSC1CSL4CGI-108FUNCTION Non-catalytic component of the RNA exosome complex which has 3'-&gt;5' exoribonuclease activity and participates in a multitude of cellular RNA processing and degradation events. In the nucleus, the RNA exosome complex is involved in proper maturation of stable RNA species such as rRNA, snRNA and snoRNA, in the elimination of RNA processing by-products and non-coding 'pervasive' transcripts, such as antisense RNA species and promoter-upstream transcripts (PROMPTs), and of mRNAs with processing defects, thereby limiting or excluding their export to the cytoplasm. The RNA exosome may be involved in Ig class switch recombination (CSR) and/or Ig variable region somatic hypermutation (SHM) by targeting AICDA deamination activity to transcribed dsDNA substrates. In the cytoplasm, the RNA exosome complex is involved in general mRNA turnover and specifically degrades inherently unstable mRNAs containing AU-rich elements (AREs) within their 3' untranslated regions, and in RNA surveillance pathways, preventing translation of aberrant mRNAs. It seems to be involved in degradation of histone mRNA. The catalytic inactive RNA exosome core complex of 9 subunits (Exo-9) is proposed to play a pivotal role in the binding and presentation of RNA for ribonucleolysis, and to serve as a scaffold for the association with catalytic subunits and accessory proteins or complexes. EXOSC1 as peripheral part of the Exo-9 complex stabilizes the hexameric ring of RNase PH-domain subunits through contacts with EXOSC6 and EXOSC8.SUBUNIT Component of the RNA exosome complex (PubMed:29906447). Specifically part of the catalytically inactive RNA exosome core (Exo-9) complex which is believed to associate with catalytic subunits EXOSC10, and DIS3 or DIS3L in cytoplasmic- and nuclear-specific RNA exosome complex forms. Exo-9 is formed by a hexameric ring of RNase PH domain-containing subunits specifically containing the heterodimers EXOSC4-EXOSC9, EXOSC5-EXOSC8 and EXOSC6-EXOSC7, and peripheral S1 domain-containing components EXOSC1, EXOSC2 and EXOSC3 located on the top of the ring structure. Interacts with EXOSC5, EXOSC7 and EXOSC10. Interacts with DDX60.SIMILARITY Belongs to the CSL4 family.UniProtQ9Y3B21EQUAL195EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756791578Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791578ReactomeR-HSA-67915781Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791578.11EXOSC7Exosome complex component RRP42EXOS7_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6791543UniProt:Q15024 EXOSC7EXOSC7KIAA0116RRP42FUNCTION Non-catalytic component of the RNA exosome complex which has 3'-&gt;5' exoribonuclease activity and participates in a multitude of cellular RNA processing and degradation events. In the nucleus, the RNA exosome complex is involved in proper maturation of stable RNA species such as rRNA, snRNA and snoRNA, in the elimination of RNA processing by-products and non-coding 'pervasive' transcripts, such as antisense RNA species and promoter-upstream transcripts (PROMPTs), and of mRNAs with processing defects, thereby limiting or excluding their export to the cytoplasm. The RNA exosome may be involved in Ig class switch recombination (CSR) and/or Ig variable region somatic hypermutation (SHM) by targeting AICDA deamination activity to transcribed dsDNA substrates. In the cytoplasm, the RNA exosome complex is involved in general mRNA turnover and specifically degrades inherently unstable mRNAs containing AU-rich elements (AREs) within their 3' untranslated regions, and in RNA surveillance pathways, preventing translation of aberrant mRNAs. It seems to be involved in degradation of histone mRNA. The catalytic inactive RNA exosome core complex of 9 subunits (Exo-9) is proposed to play a pivotal role in the binding and presentation of RNA for ribonucleolysis, and to serve as a scaffold for the association with catalytic subunits and accessory proteins or complexes.SUBUNIT Component of the RNA exosome complex (PubMed:29906447). Specifically part of the catalytically inactive RNA exosome core (Exo-9) complex which is believed to associate with catalytic subunits EXOSC10, and DIS3 or DIS3L in cytoplasmic- and nuclear-specific RNA exosome complex forms. Exo-9 is formed by a hexameric ring of RNase PH domain-containing subunits specifically containing the heterodimers EXOSC4-EXOSC9, EXOSC5-EXOSC8 and EXOSC6-EXOSC7, and peripheral S1 domain-containing components EXOSC1, EXOSC2 and EXOSC3 located on the top of the ring structure. Interacts with EXOSC1. Interacts with ZC3HAV1.SIMILARITY Belongs to the RNase PH family.CAUTION The six exosome core subunits containing a RNase PH-domain are not phosphorolytically active.UniProtQ150242EQUAL291EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756791543Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791543ReactomeR-HSA-67915431Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791543.11EXOSC5Exosome complex component RRP46EXOS5_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6791550UniProt:Q9NQT4 EXOSC5EXOSC5CML28RRP46FUNCTION Non-catalytic component of the RNA exosome complex which has 3'-&gt;5' exoribonuclease activity and participates in a multitude of cellular RNA processing and degradation events. In the nucleus, the RNA exosome complex is involved in proper maturation of stable RNA species such as rRNA, snRNA and snoRNA, in the elimination of RNA processing by-products and non-coding 'pervasive' transcripts, such as antisense RNA species and promoter-upstream transcripts (PROMPTs), and of mRNAs with processing defects, thereby limiting or excluding their export to the cytoplasm. The RNA exosome may be involved in Ig class switch recombination (CSR) and/or Ig variable region somatic hypermutation (SHM) by targeting AICDA deamination activity to transcribed dsDNA substrates. In the cytoplasm, the RNA exosome complex is involved in general mRNA turnover and specifically degrades inherently unstable mRNAs containing AU-rich elements (AREs) within their 3' untranslated regions, and in RNA surveillance pathways, preventing translation of aberrant mRNAs. It seems to be involved in degradation of histone mRNA. The catalytic inactive RNA exosome core complex of 9 subunits (Exo-9) is proposed to play a pivotal role in the binding and presentation of RNA for ribonucleolysis, and to serve as a scaffold for the association with catalytic subunits and accessory proteins or complexes.SUBUNIT Component of the RNA exosome complex (PubMed:29906447). Specifically part of the catalytically inactive RNA exosome core (Exo-9) complex which is believed to associate with catalytic subunits EXOSC10, and DIS3 or DIS3L in cytoplasmic- and nuclear-specific RNA exosome complex forms. Exo-9 is formed by a hexameric ring of RNase PH domain-containing subunits specifically containing the heterodimers EXOSC4-EXOSC9, EXOSC5-EXOSC8 and EXOSC6-EXOSC7, and peripheral S1 domain-containing components EXOSC1, EXOSC2 and EXOSC3 located on the top of the ring structure. Interacts with EXOSC1. Interacts with GTPBP1. Interacts with ZC3HAV1. Interacts with DDX17 only in the presence of ZC3HAV1 in an RNA-independent manner.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Highly expressed in a variety of hematopoietic and epithelial tumor cell lines, but not in normal hematopoietic tissues or other normal tissue, with the exception of testis.SIMILARITY Belongs to the RNase PH family.CAUTION The six exosome core subunits containing a RNase PH-domain are not phosphorolytically active.UniProtQ9NQT41EQUAL235EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756791550Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791550ReactomeR-HSA-67915501Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791550.11EXOSC4Exosome complex component RRP41EXOS4_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6791503UniProt:Q9NPD3 EXOSC4EXOSC4RRP41SKI6FUNCTION Non-catalytic component of the RNA exosome complex which has 3'-&gt;5' exoribonuclease activity and participates in a multitude of cellular RNA processing and degradation events. In the nucleus, the RNA exosome complex is involved in proper maturation of stable RNA species such as rRNA, snRNA and snoRNA, in the elimination of RNA processing by-products and non-coding 'pervasive' transcripts, such as antisense RNA species and promoter-upstream transcripts (PROMPTs), and of mRNAs with processing defects, thereby limiting or excluding their export to the cytoplasm. The RNA exosome may be involved in Ig class switch recombination (CSR) and/or Ig variable region somatic hypermutation (SHM) by targeting AICDA deamination activity to transcribed dsDNA substrates. In the cytoplasm, the RNA exosome complex is involved in general mRNA turnover and specifically degrades inherently unstable mRNAs containing AU-rich elements (AREs) within their 3' untranslated regions, and in RNA surveillance pathways, preventing translation of aberrant mRNAs. It seems to be involved in degradation of histone mRNA. The catalytic inactive RNA exosome core complex of 9 subunits (Exo-9) is proposed to play a pivotal role in the binding and presentation of RNA for ribonucleolysis, and to serve as a scaffold for the association with catalytic subunits and accessory proteins or complexes. EXOSC4 binds to ARE-containing RNAs.SUBUNIT Component of the RNA exosome complex (PubMed:29906447). Specifically part of the catalytically inactive RNA exosome core (Exo-9) complex which is believed to associate with catalytic subunits EXOSC10, and DIS3 or DIS3L in cytoplasmic- and nuclear-specific RNA exosome complex forms. Exo-9 is formed by a hexameric ring of RNase PH domain-containing subunits specifically containing the heterodimers EXOSC4-EXOSC9, EXOSC5-EXOSC8 and EXOSC6-EXOSC7, and peripheral S1 domain-containing components EXOSC1, EXOSC2 and EXOSC3 located on the top of the ring structure. Interacts with DDX60.SIMILARITY Belongs to the RNase PH family.CAUTION The six exosome core subunits containing a RNase PH-domain are not phosphorolytically active.UniProtQ9NPD32EQUAL245EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756791503Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791503ReactomeR-HSA-67915031Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791503.11EXOSC6Exosome complex component MTR3EXOS6_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6791573UniProt:Q5RKV6 EXOSC6EXOSC6MTR3FUNCTION Non-catalytic component of the RNA exosome complex which has 3'-&gt;5' exoribonuclease activity and participates in a multitude of cellular RNA processing and degradation events. In the nucleus, the RNA exosome complex is involved in proper maturation of stable RNA species such as rRNA, snRNA and snoRNA, in the elimination of RNA processing by-products and non-coding 'pervasive' transcripts, such as antisense RNA species and promoter-upstream transcripts (PROMPTs), and of mRNAs with processing defects, thereby limiting or excluding their export to the cytoplasm. The RNA exosome may be involved in Ig class switch recombination (CSR) and/or Ig variable region somatic hypermutation (SHM) by targeting AICDA deamination activity to transcribed dsDNA substrates. In the cytoplasm, the RNA exosome complex is involved in general mRNA turnover and specifically degrades inherently unstable mRNAs containing AU-rich elements (AREs) within their 3' untranslated regions, and in RNA surveillance pathways, preventing translation of aberrant mRNAs. It seems to be involved in degradation of histone mRNA. The catalytic inactive RNA exosome core complex of 9 subunits (Exo-9) is proposed to play a pivotal role in the binding and presentation of RNA for ribonucleolysis, and to serve as a scaffold for the association with catalytic subunits and accessory proteins or complexes.SUBUNIT Component of the RNA exosome complex (PubMed:29906447). Specifically part of the catalytically inactive RNA exosome core (Exo-9) complex which is believed to associate with catalytic subunits EXOSC10, and DIS3 or DIS3L in cytoplasmic- and nuclear-specific RNA exosome complex forms. Exo-9 is formed by a hexameric ring of RNase PH domain-containing subunits specifically containing the heterodimers EXOSC4-EXOSC9, EXOSC5-EXOSC8 and EXOSC6-EXOSC7, and peripheral S1 domain-containing components EXOSC1, EXOSC2 and EXOSC3 located on the top of the ring structure.SIMILARITY Belongs to the RNase PH family.CAUTION The six exosome core subunits containing a RNase PH-domain are not phosphorolytically active.UniProtQ5RKV61EQUAL272EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756791573Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791573ReactomeR-HSA-67915731Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791573.11EXOSC2Exosome complex component RRP4EXOS2_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6791582UniProt:Q13868 EXOSC2EXOSC2RRP4FUNCTION Non-catalytic component of the RNA exosome complex which has 3'-&gt;5' exoribonuclease activity and participates in a multitude of cellular RNA processing and degradation events. In the nucleus, the RNA exosome complex is involved in proper maturation of stable RNA species such as rRNA, snRNA and snoRNA, in the elimination of RNA processing by-products and non-coding 'pervasive' transcripts, such as antisense RNA species and promoter-upstream transcripts (PROMPTs), and of mRNAs with processing defects, thereby limiting or excluding their export to the cytoplasm. The RNA exosome may be involved in Ig class switch recombination (CSR) and/or Ig variable region somatic hypermutation (SHM) by targeting AICDA deamination activity to transcribed dsDNA substrates. In the cytoplasm, the RNA exosome complex is involved in general mRNA turnover and specifically degrades inherently unstable mRNAs containing AU-rich elements (AREs) within their 3' untranslated regions, and in RNA surveillance pathways, preventing translation of aberrant mRNAs. It seems to be involved in degradation of histone mRNA. The catalytic inactive RNA exosome core complex of 9 subunits (Exo-9) is proposed to play a pivotal role in the binding and presentation of RNA for ribonucleolysis, and to serve as a scaffold for the association with catalytic subunits and accessory proteins or complexes. EXOSC2 as peripheral part of the Exo-9 complex stabilizes the hexameric ring of RNase PH-domain subunits through contacts with EXOSC4 and EXOSC7.SUBUNIT Component of the RNA exosome complex (PubMed:29906447). Specifically part of the catalytically inactive RNA exosome core (Exo-9) complex which is believed to associate with catalytic subunits EXOSC10, and DIS3 or DIS3L in cytoplasmic- and nuclear-specific RNA exosome complex forms (PubMed:11719186, PubMed:20531389, PubMed:26166824). Exo-9 is formed by a hexameric ring of RNase PH domain-containing subunits specifically containing the heterodimers EXOSC4-EXOSC9, EXOSC5-EXOSC8 and EXOSC6-EXOSC7, and peripheral S1 domain-containing components EXOSC1, EXOSC2 and EXOSC3 located on the top of the ring structure (PubMed:11719186, PubMed:20531389). Interacts with DIS3 (PubMed:20531389). Interacts with GTPBP1 (PubMed:21515746). Interacts with ZFP36L1 (via N-terminus) (PubMed:15687258).SIMILARITY Belongs to the RRP4 family.UniProtQ138681EQUAL293EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756791582Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791582ReactomeR-HSA-67915821Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791582.11EXOSC3Exosome complex component RRP40EXOS3_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6791572UniProt:Q9NQT5 EXOSC3EXOSC3RRP40CGI-102FUNCTION Non-catalytic component of the RNA exosome complex which has 3'-&gt;5' exoribonuclease activity and participates in a multitude of cellular RNA processing and degradation events. In the nucleus, the RNA exosome complex is involved in proper maturation of stable RNA species such as rRNA, snRNA and snoRNA, in the elimination of RNA processing by-products and non-coding 'pervasive' transcripts, such as antisense RNA species and promoter-upstream transcripts (PROMPTs), and of mRNAs with processing defects, thereby limiting or excluding their export to the cytoplasm. The RNA exosome may be involved in Ig class switch recombination (CSR) and/or Ig variable region somatic hypermutation (SHM) by targeting AICDA deamination activity to transcribed dsDNA substrates. In the cytoplasm, the RNA exosome complex is involved in general mRNA turnover and specifically degrades inherently unstable mRNAs containing AU-rich elements (AREs) within their 3' untranslated regions, and in RNA surveillance pathways, preventing translation of aberrant mRNAs. It seems to be involved in degradation of histone mRNA. The catalytic inactive RNA exosome core complex of 9 subunits (Exo-9) is proposed to play a pivotal role in the binding and presentation of RNA for ribonucleolysis, and to serve as a scaffold for the association with catalytic subunits and accessory proteins or complexes. EXOSC3 as peripheral part of the Exo-9 complex stabilizes the hexameric ring of RNase PH-domain subunits through contacts with EXOSC9 and EXOSC5.SUBUNIT Component of the RNA exosome complex (PubMed:29906447). Specifically part of the catalytically inactive RNA exosome core (Exo-9) complex which is believed to associate with catalytic subunits EXOSC10, and DIS3 or DIS3L in cytoplasmic- and nuclear-specific RNA exosome complex forms. Exo-9 is formed by a hexameric ring of RNase PH domain-containing subunits specifically containing the heterodimers EXOSC4-EXOSC9, EXOSC5-EXOSC8 and EXOSC6-EXOSC7, and peripheral S1 domain-containing components EXOSC1, EXOSC2 and EXOSC3 located on the top of the ring structure. Interacts with GTPBP1. Interacts with ZC3HAV1. Interacts with DDX17 only in the presence of ZC3HAV1 in an RNA-independent manner. Interacts with DHX36; this interaction occurs in a RNase-insensitive manner (PubMed:14731398).SIMILARITY Belongs to the RRP40 family.UniProtQ9NQT52EQUAL275EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756791572Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791572ReactomeR-HSA-67915721Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791572.11EXOSC8Exosome complex component RRP43EXOS8_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6791571UniProt:Q96B26 EXOSC8EXOSC8OIP2RRP43FUNCTION Non-catalytic component of the RNA exosome complex which has 3'-&gt;5' exoribonuclease activity and participates in a multitude of cellular RNA processing and degradation events. In the nucleus, the RNA exosome complex is involved in proper maturation of stable RNA species such as rRNA, snRNA and snoRNA, in the elimination of RNA processing by-products and non-coding 'pervasive' transcripts, such as antisense RNA species and promoter-upstream transcripts (PROMPTs), and of mRNAs with processing defects, thereby limiting or excluding their export to the cytoplasm. The RNA exosome may be involved in Ig class switch recombination (CSR) and/or Ig variable region somatic hypermutation (SHM) by targeting AICDA deamination activity to transcribed dsDNA substrates. In the cytoplasm, the RNA exosome complex is involved in general mRNA turnover and specifically degrades inherently unstable mRNAs containing AU-rich elements (AREs) within their 3' untranslated regions, and in RNA surveillance pathways, preventing translation of aberrant mRNAs. It seems to be involved in degradation of histone mRNA. The catalytic inactive RNA exosome core complex of 9 subunits (Exo-9) is proposed to play a pivotal role in the binding and presentation of RNA for ribonucleolysis, and to serve as a scaffold for the association with catalytic subunits and accessory proteins or complexes. EXOSC8 binds to ARE-containing RNAs.SUBUNIT Component of the RNA exosome complex (PubMed:29906447). Specifically part of the catalytically inactive RNA exosome core (Exo-9) complex which is believed to associate with catalytic subunits EXOSC10, and DIS3 or DIS3L in cytoplasmic- and nuclear-specific RNA exosome complex forms. Exo-9 is formed by a hexameric ring of RNase PH domain-containing subunits specifically containing the heterodimers EXOSC4-EXOSC9, EXOSC5-EXOSC8 and EXOSC6-EXOSC7, and peripheral S1 domain-containing components EXOSC1, EXOSC2 and EXOSC3 located on the top of the ring structure. Binds outer membrane protein opap from Neisseria gonorrhoeae.SIMILARITY Belongs to the RNase PH family.CAUTION The six exosome core subunits containing a RNase PH-domain are not phosphorolytically active.UniProtQ96B262EQUAL276EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756791571Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791571ReactomeR-HSA-67915711Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791571.11Reactome Database ID Release 756791537Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791537ReactomeR-HSA-67915371Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791537.11Reactome Database ID Release 756791581Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791581ReactomeR-HSA-67915811Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791581.1Reactome Database ID Release 756791508Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791508Reactome Database ID Release 756791222Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791222ReactomeR-HSA-67912224Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791222.423482395Pubmed2013Gradual processing of the ITS1 from the nucleolus to the cytoplasm during synthesis of the human 18S rRNAPreti, MilenaO'Donohue, Marie-FrançoiseMontel-Lehry, NathalieBortolin-Cavaillé, Marie-LineChoesmel, ValérieGleizes, Pierre-EmmanuelNucleic Acids Res. 41:4709-2320805244Pubmed2011Analysis of two human pre-ribosomal factors, bystin and hTsr1, highlights differences in evolution of ribosome biogenesis between yeast and mammalsCarron, CoralieO'Donohue, Marie-FrançoiseChoesmel, ValérieFaubladier, MarlèneGleizes, Pierre-EmmanuelNucleic Acids Res. 39:280-91ACTIVATIONReactome Database ID Release 758949033Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8949033ReactomeR-HSA-89490331Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8949033.1ACTIVATIONReactome Database ID Release 758948995Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8948995ReactomeR-HSA-89489951Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8948995.1ACTIVATIONReactome Database ID Release 758949021Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8949021ReactomeR-HSA-89490211Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8949021.1LEFT-TO-RIGHT18SE pre-rRNA in pre-40S particles is nucleolytically processed during translocation from the nucleus to the cytosolExonuclease activity of the exosome (Preti et al. 2013) and endonuclease activity of NOB1 (inferred from yeast, Pertschy et al. 2009) process the 3' end of precursor rRNA (pre-rRNA) 18SE to yield mature 18S rRNA. During the processing, pre-rRNA 18SE is bound in the pre-40S ribosome subunit, which contains ribosomal proteins and processing factors such as NOB1 and BYSL. The pre-40S subunit is exported from the nucleus to the cytosol where processing factors are released and recycled back to the nucleus. The kinases RIOK1, RIOK2, CSNK1D and CSNK1E are associated with the pre-40S rRNA subunit in both the nucleus and cytosol and their kinase activity is required for recycling of processing factors back to the nucleus (Zemp et al. 2009, Zemp et al. 2014). RIOK1 and RIOK2 are also required for 18SE processing (Widmann et al. 2012, Zemp et al. 2009). RIOK3 (RIO3) is a cytosolic kinase that associates with the pre-40S ribosomal particle after export from the nucleus and is required for release of processing factors (Baumas et al. 2012).Authored: May, Bruce, 2015-08-16Reviewed: Vincent, Nicholas G, 2016-01-30Edited: May, Bruce, 2015-08-16RIOK3Serine/threonine-protein kinase RIO3 ecNumber2.7.11.1/ecNumberRIOK3_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6791522UniProt:O14730 RIOK3RIOK3SUDDFUNCTION Involved in regulation of type I interferon (IFN)-dependent immune response which plays a critical role in the innate immune response against DNA and RNA viruses. May act as an adapter protein essential for the recruitment of TBK1 to IRF3 (PubMed:24807708). Phosphorylates IFIH1 on 'Ser-828' interfering with IFIH1 filament assembly on long dsRNA and resulting in attenuated IFIH1-signaling (PubMed:25865883). Can inhibit CASP10 isoform 7-mediated activation of the NF-kappaB signaling pathway (PubMed:19557502). May play a role in the biogenesis of the 40S ribosomal subunit. Involved in the processing of 21S pre-rRNA to the mature 18S rRNA (PubMed:22418843).SUBUNIT Interacts with CASP10 (PubMed:19557502). Interacts with IRF3; RIOK3 probybly mediates the interaction of TBK1 with IRF3 (PubMed:24807708). Associated with 40S pre-ribosomal particles.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Widely expressed.PTM Autophosphorylated (in vitro).SIMILARITY Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. RIO-type Ser/Thr kinase family.UniProtO147301EQUAL519EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756791522Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791522ReactomeR-HSA-67915221Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791522.118SE pre-40S particleReactome DB_ID: 6791531111RPS27A(77-156)40S small ribosomal protein 27A40S ribosomal protein S27aReactome DB_ID: 6798734UniProt:P62979 RPS27ARPS27AUBA80UBCEP1SUBUNIT Ribosomal protein S27a is part of the 40S ribosomal subunit.MISCELLANEOUS Ubiquitin is encoded by 4 different genes. UBA52 and RPS27A genes code for a single copy of ubiquitin fused to the ribosomal proteins L40 and S27a, respectively. UBB and UBC genes code for a polyubiquitin precursor with exact head to tail repeats, the number of repeats differ between species and strains.MISCELLANEOUS For a better understanding, features related to ubiquitin are only indicated for the first chain.SIMILARITY In the N-terminal section; belongs to the ubiquitin family.SIMILARITY In the C-terminal section; belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS31 family.UniProtP6297977EQUAL156EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756798734Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6798734ReactomeR-HSA-67987341Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6798734.11RPP40Ribonuclease P protein subunit p40RPP40_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 5696801UniProt:O75818 RPP40RPP40RNASEP1FUNCTION Component of ribonuclease P, a ribonucleoprotein complex that generates mature tRNA molecules by cleaving their 5'-ends (PubMed:9630247, PubMed:30454648). Also a component of the MRP ribonuclease complex, which cleaves pre-rRNA sequences (PubMed:28115465).SUBUNIT Component of nuclear RNase P and RNase MRP ribonucleoproteins (PubMed:9630247, PubMed:16723659, PubMed:28115465, PubMed:30454648). RNase P consists of a catalytic RNA moiety and about 10 protein subunits; POP1, POP4, POP5, POP7, RPP14, RPP21, RPP25, RPP30, RPP38 and RPP40 (PubMed:9630247, PubMed:16723659, PubMed:30454648). Within the RNase P complex, POP1, POP7 and RPP25 form the 'finger' subcomplex, POP5, RPP14, RPP40 and homodimeric RPP30 form the 'palm' subcomplex, and RPP21, POP4 and RPP38 form the 'wrist' subcomplex. All subunits of the RNase P complex interact with the catalytic RNA (PubMed:30454648). Several subunits of RNase P are also part of the RNase MRP complex. RNase MRP consists of a catalytic RNA moiety and about 8 protein subunits; POP1, POP7, RPP25, RPP30, RPP38, RPP40 and possibly also POP4 and POP5 (PubMed:16723659, PubMed:28115465).UniProtO758181EQUAL363EQUALReactome Database ID Release 755696801Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5696801ReactomeR-HSA-56968011Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5696801.111KE3RPS1840S small ribosomal protein 18P2523240S ribosomal protein S18KE-3Reactome DB_ID: 6798701UniProt:P62269 RPS18RPS18D6S218EFUNCTION Located at the top of the head of the 40S subunit, it contacts several helices of the 18S rRNA.SIMILARITY Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS13 family.UniProtP622692EQUAL152EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756798701Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6798701ReactomeR-HSA-67987011Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6798701.111PNO1RNA-binding protein PNO1PNO1_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6791540UniProt:Q9NRX1 PNO1PNO1FUNCTION Positively regulates dimethylation of two adjacent adenosines in the loop of a conserved hairpin near the 3'-end of 18S rRNA (PubMed:25851604).TISSUE SPECIFICITY Expressed in liver, lung, spleen and kidney. Weakly expressed in thymus, testis and ovary. Weakly or not expressed in heart, brain, skeletal muscle, placenta, pancreas, prostate, small intestine, colon and peripheral blood leukocytes.SIMILARITY Belongs to the PNO1 family.UniProtQ9NRX11EQUAL252EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756791540Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791540ReactomeR-HSA-67915401Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791540.11Converted from EntitySet in ReactomeRPS4X,RPS4Y1,RPS4Y2Reactome DB_ID: 8868825RPS4X40S small ribosomal protein 4P1275040S ribosomal protein S4, X isoformSingle copy abundant mRNA proteinSCR10Reactome DB_ID: 6798713UniProt:P62701 RPS4XRPS4XCCG2RPS4SCARSUBUNIT Identified in a IGF2BP1-dependent mRNP granule complex containing untranslated mRNAs.SIMILARITY Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS4 family.UniProtP627012EQUAL263EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756798713Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6798713ReactomeR-HSA-67987131Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6798713.1RPS4Y140S small ribosomal protein 4YP2209040S ribosomal protein S4, Y isoformPRO2646Reactome DB_ID: 6798716UniProt:P22090 RPS4Y1RPS4Y1RPS4YPRO2646SIMILARITY Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS4 family.UniProtP220902EQUAL263EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756798716Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6798716ReactomeR-HSA-67987161Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6798716.1RPS4Y240S ribosomal protein S4, Y isoform 2RS4Y2_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 8868828UniProt:Q8TD47 RPS4Y2RPS4Y2RPS4Y2PSIMILARITY Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS4 family.UniProtQ8TD471EQUAL263EQUALReactome Database ID Release 758868828Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8868828ReactomeR-HSA-88688282Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8868828.2Reactome Database ID Release 758868825Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8868825ReactomeR-HSA-88688252Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8868825.21LTV1Protein LTV1 homologLTV1_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6791566UniProt:Q96GA3 LTV1LTV1C6orf93SIMILARITY Belongs to the LTV1 family.UniProtQ96GA31EQUAL475EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756791566Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791566ReactomeR-HSA-67915661Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791566.11RPS1240S small ribosomal protein 12P2539840S ribosomal protein S12Reactome DB_ID: 6798715UniProt:P25398 RPS12RPS12SIMILARITY Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS12 family.UniProtP253982EQUAL132EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756798715Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6798715ReactomeR-HSA-67987151Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6798715.11Converted from EntitySet in ReactomeRPS27,RPS27LReactome DB_ID: 8868823Reactome Database ID Release 758868823Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8868823ReactomeR-HSA-88688232Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8868823.21RIOK1Serine/threonine-protein kinase RIO1 ecNumber2.7.11.1/ecNumberRIOK1_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 5226890UniProt:Q9BRS2 RIOK1RIOK1RIO1FUNCTION Involved in the final steps of cytoplasmic maturation of the 40S ribosomal subunit. Involved in processing of 18S-E pre-rRNA to the mature 18S rRNA. Required for the recycling of NOB1 and PNO1 from the late 40S precursor (PubMed:22072790). The association with the very late 40S subunit intermediate may involve a translation-like checkpoint point cycle preceeding the binding to the 60S ribosomal subunit (By similarity). Despite the protein kinase domain is proposed to act predominantly as an ATPase (By similarity). The catalytic activity regulates its dynamic association with the 40S subunit (By similarity). In addition to its role in ribosomal biogenesis acts as an adapter protein by recruiting NCL/nucleolin the to PRMT5 complex for its symmetrical methylation (PubMed:21081503).SUBUNIT Associates with the precursor of the 40S ribosome subunit. Interacts (via its N-terminus) with PRMT5 (via its N-terminus) (PubMed:22072790, PubMed:21081503). Interacts with WDR77 (PubMed:22072790). Found in a PRMT5 complex composed of PRMT5, WDR77 and RIOK1 (PubMed:21081503). Interacts (via its C-terminus) with NCL; this interaction targets NCL for PRTM5 methylation (PubMed:21081503).SIMILARITY Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. RIO-type Ser/Thr kinase family.UniProtQ9BRS21EQUAL568EQUALReactome Database ID Release 755226890Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5226890ReactomeR-HSA-52268901Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5226890.11RPP25Ribonuclease P protein subunit p25RPP25_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 5696782UniProt:Q9BUL9 RPP25RPP25FUNCTION Component of ribonuclease P, a ribonucleoprotein complex that generates mature tRNA molecules by cleaving their 5'-ends (PubMed:12003489, PubMed:16723659, PubMed:30454648). Also a component of the MRP ribonuclease complex, which cleaves pre-rRNA sequences (PubMed:28115465).SUBUNIT Component of nuclear RNase P and RNase MRP ribonucleoproteins (PubMed:12003489, PubMed:15096576, PubMed:16723659, PubMed:20215441, PubMed:28115465, PubMed:30454648). RNase P consists of a catalytic RNA moiety and 10 different protein chains; POP1, POP4, POP5, POP7, RPP14, RPP21, RPP25, RPP30, RPP38 and RPP40 (PubMed:12003489, PubMed:16723659, PubMed:20215441, PubMed:30454648). Within the RNase P complex, POP1, POP7 and RPP25 form the 'finger' subcomplex, POP5, RPP14, RPP40 and homodimeric RPP30 form the 'palm' subcomplex, and RPP21, POP4 and RPP38 form the 'wrist' subcomplex. All subunits of the RNase P complex interact with the catalytic RNA (PubMed:30454648). Several subunits of RNase P are also part of the RNase MRP complex. RNase MRP consists of a catalytic RNA moiety and about 8 protein subunits; POP1, POP7, RPP25, RPP30, RPP38, RPP40 and possibly also POP4 and POP5 (PubMed:15096576, PubMed:16723659, PubMed:28115465). POP7 forms a heterodimer with RPP25 that binds to the P3 stem loop of the catalytic RNA (PubMed:20215441, PubMed:29625199).SIMILARITY Belongs to the histone-like Alba family.UniProtQ9BUL91EQUAL199EQUALReactome Database ID Release 755696782Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5696782ReactomeR-HSA-56967821Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5696782.111RPP14Ribonuclease P protein subunit p14 ecNumber3.1.26.5/ecNumberRPP14_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 5696794UniProt:O95059 RPP14RPP14FUNCTION Component of ribonuclease P, a ribonucleoprotein complex that generates mature tRNA molecules by cleaving their 5'-ends.SUBUNIT RNase P consists of a catalytic RNA moiety and about 10 protein subunits; POP1, POP4, POP5, POP7, RPP14, RPP21, RPP25, RPP30, RPP38 and RPP40 (PubMed:10024167, PubMed:16723659, PubMed:30454648). Within the RNase P complex, POP1, POP7 and RPP25 form the 'finger' subcomplex, POP5, RPP14, RPP40 and homodimeric RPP30 form the 'palm' subcomplex, and RPP21, POP4 and RPP38 form the 'wrist' subcomplex. All subunits of the RNase P complex interact with the catalytic RNA (PubMed:30454648).MISCELLANEOUS This protein is produced by a bicistronic gene which also produces the HTD2 protein from an overlapping reading frame.SIMILARITY Belongs to the eukaryotic/archaeal RNase P protein component 2 family.UniProtO950592EQUAL124EQUALReactome Database ID Release 755696794Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5696794ReactomeR-HSA-56967941Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5696794.111BYSLBystinBYST_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6791526UniProt:Q13895 BYSLBYSLENP1FUNCTION Required for processing of 20S pre-rRNA precursor and biogenesis of 40S ribosomal subunits. May be required for trophinin-dependent regulation of cell adhesion during implantation of human embryos.SUBUNIT Binds trophinin, tastin and cytokeratins.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Found in the placenta from the sixth week of pregnancy. Was localized in the cytoplasm of the syncytiotrophoblast in the chorionic villi and in endometrial decidual cells at the uteroplacental interface. After week 10, the level decreased and then disappeared from placental villi.MISCELLANEOUS HeLa cells lacking BYSL show a delay in the processing of the 18S rRNA component of the 40S ribosomal subunit. HT-H cells lacking BYSL show trophinin-independent signaling through ERBB4.SIMILARITY Belongs to the bystin family.UniProtQ138951EQUAL437EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756791526Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791526ReactomeR-HSA-67915261Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791526.11RPS2040S small ribosomal protein 20P1707540S ribosomal protein S20Reactome DB_ID: 6798727UniProt:P60866 RPS20RPS20SUBUNIT Component of the 40S small ribosomal subunit.PTM Monoubiquitinated by ZNF598 when a ribosome has stalled during translation of poly(A) sequences, leading to preclude synthesis of a long poly-lysine tail and initiate the ribosome quality control (RQC) pathway to degrade the potentially detrimental aberrant nascent polypeptide (PubMed:28065601, PubMed:28132843).PTM Ufmylated by UFL1.SIMILARITY Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS10 family.UniProtP608662EQUAL119EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756798727Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6798727ReactomeR-HSA-67987271Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6798727.11P40RPSA40S small ribosomal protein P4P0886540S ribosomal protein SA34/67 kDa laminin receptorColon carcinoma laminin-binding proteinNEM/1CHD4Multidrug resistance- associated protein MGr1-AgReactome DB_ID: 6798722UniProt:P08865 RPSARPSALAMBRLAMR1FUNCTION Required for the assembly and/or stability of the 40S ribosomal subunit. Required for the processing of the 20S rRNA-precursor to mature 18S rRNA in a late step of the maturation of 40S ribosomal subunits. Also functions as a cell surface receptor for laminin. Plays a role in cell adhesion to the basement membrane and in the consequent activation of signaling transduction pathways. May play a role in cell fate determination and tissue morphogenesis. Acts as a PPP1R16B-dependent substrate of PPP1CA.FUNCTION (Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for the Adeno-associated viruses 2,3,8 and 9.FUNCTION (Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for the Dengue virus.FUNCTION (Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for the Sindbis virus.FUNCTION (Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for the Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus.FUNCTION (Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for the pathogenic prion protein.FUNCTION (Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for bacteria.SUBUNIT Monomer (37LRP) and homodimer (67LR). Component of the small ribosomal subunit. Mature ribosomes consist of a small (40S) and a large (60S) subunit. The 40S subunit contains about 33 different proteins and 1 molecule of RNA (18S). The 60S subunit contains about 49 different proteins and 3 molecules of RNA (28S, 5.8S and 5S). Interacts with RPS21. Interacts with several laminins including at least LAMB1. Interacts with MDK (By similarity). The mature dimeric form interacts with PPP1R16B (via its fourth ankyrin repeat). Interacts with PPP1CA only in the presence of PPP1R16B.SUBUNIT (Microbial infection) 67LR interacts with capsid protein of Adeno-associated virus 2,3,8 and 9.SUBUNIT (Microbial infection) 67LR interacts with envelope protein of dengue virus.SUBUNIT (Microbial infection) 6s7LR interacts with E2 glycoprotein of Sindbis and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (PubMed:8764073, PubMed:1385835).PTM Acylated. Acylation may be a prerequisite for conversion of the monomeric 37 kDa laminin receptor precursor (37LRP) to the mature dimeric 67 kDa laminin receptor (67LR), and may provide a mechanism for membrane association (PubMed:9581863).PTM Cleaved by stromelysin-3 (ST3) at the cell surface. Cleavage by stromelysin-3 may be a mechanism to alter cell-extracellular matrix interactions.MISCELLANEOUS This protein appears to have acquired a second function as a laminin receptor specifically in the vertebrate lineage.MISCELLANEOUS It is thought that in vertebrates 37/67 kDa laminin receptor acquired a dual function during evolution. It developed from the ribosomal protein SA, playing an essential role in the protein biosynthesis lacking any laminin binding activity, to a cell surface receptor with laminin binding activity.SIMILARITY Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS2 family.UniProtP088652EQUAL295EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756798722Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6798722ReactomeR-HSA-67987221Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6798722.11RPP30Ribonuclease P protein subunit p30RPP30_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 5696779UniProt:P78346 RPP30RPP30RNASEP2FUNCTION Component of ribonuclease P, a ribonucleoprotein complex that generates mature tRNA molecules by cleaving their 5'-ends (PubMed:9037013, PubMed:9630247, PubMed:30454648). Also a component of the MRP ribonuclease complex, which cleaves pre-rRNA sequences (PubMed:28115465).SUBUNIT Component of nuclear RNase P and RNase MRP ribonucleoproteins (PubMed:9037013, PubMed:9630247, PubMed:16723659, PubMed:30454648). RNase P consists of a catalytic RNA moiety and about 10 protein subunits; POP1, POP4, POP5, POP7, RPP14, RPP21, RPP25, RPP30, RPP38 and RPP40 (PubMed:9037013, PubMed:9630247, PubMed:16723659, PubMed:30454648). Within the RNase P complex, POP1, POP7 and RPP25 form the 'finger' subcomplex, POP5, RPP14, RPP40 and homodimeric RPP30 form the 'palm' subcomplex, and RPP21, POP4 and RPP38 form the 'wrist' subcomplex. All subunits of the RNase P complex interact with the catalytic RNA (PubMed:30454648). Several subunits of RNase P are also part of the RNase MRP complex. RNase MRP consists of a catalytic RNA moiety and about 8 protein subunits; POP1, POP7, RPP25, RPP30, RPP38, RPP40 and possibly also POP4 and POP5 (PubMed:16723659, PubMed:28115465).MISCELLANEOUS Autoantibodies against RPP30 are found in sera from scleroderma patients.SIMILARITY Belongs to the eukaryotic/archaeal RNase P protein component 3 family.UniProtP783462EQUAL268EQUALReactome Database ID Release 755696779Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5696779ReactomeR-HSA-56967791Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5696779.11RPP38Ribonuclease P protein subunit p38RPP38_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 5696791UniProt:P78345 RPP38RPP38FUNCTION Component of ribonuclease P, a ribonucleoprotein complex that generates mature tRNA molecules by cleaving their 5'-ends (PubMed:9037013, PubMed:9630247, PubMed:10444065, PubMed:30454648). Also a component of the MRP ribonuclease complex, which cleaves pre-rRNA sequences (PubMed:28115465).SUBUNIT Component of nuclear RNase P and RNase MRP ribonucleoproteins (PubMed:9037013, PubMed:10444065, PubMed:9630247, PubMed:16723659, PubMed:30454648). RNase P consists of a catalytic RNA moiety and about 10 protein subunits; POP1, POP4, POP5, POP7, RPP14, RPP21, RPP25, RPP30, RPP38 and RPP40 (PubMed:9037013, PubMed:9630247, PubMed:10444065, PubMed:16723659, PubMed:30454648). Within the RNase P complex, POP1, POP7 and RPP25 form the 'finger' subcomplex, POP5, RPP14, RPP40 and homodimeric RPP30 form the 'palm' subcomplex, and RPP21, POP4 and RPP38 form the 'wrist' subcomplex. All subunits of the RNase P complex interact with the catalytic RNA (PubMed:30454648). Several subunits of RNase P are also part of the RNase MRP complex. RNase MRP consists of a catalytic RNA moiety and about 8 protein subunits; POP1, POP7, RPP25, RPP30, RPP38, RPP40 and possibly also POP4 and POP5 (PubMed:16723659, PubMed:28115465).MISCELLANEOUS Autoantibodies against RPP38 are found in sera from scleroderma patients.SIMILARITY Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL8 family.UniProtP783452EQUAL283EQUALReactome Database ID Release 755696791Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5696791ReactomeR-HSA-56967911Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5696791.111RPS1740S small ribosomal protein 17P0870840S ribosomal protein S17Reactome DB_ID: 6798719UniProt:P08708 RPS17RPS17RPS17LSIMILARITY Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS17 family.UniProtP087082EQUAL135EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756798719Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6798719ReactomeR-HSA-67987191Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6798719.11FAU40S small ribosomal protein 30Q0547240S ribosomal protein S30Reactome DB_ID: 6798717UniProt:P62861 FAUFAUMISCELLANEOUS This ribosomal protein is synthesized as a C-terminal extension protein (CEP) of a ubiquitin-like protein.SIMILARITY Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS30 family.UniProtP628611EQUAL59EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756798717Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6798717ReactomeR-HSA-67987171Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6798717.11NOB1RNA-binding protein NOB1NOB1_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6791536UniProt:Q9ULX3 NOB1NOB1ART4NOB1PPSMD8BP1MSTP158FUNCTION May play a role in mRNA degradation (Probable). Endonuclease required for processing of 20S pre-rRNA precursor and biogenesis of 40S ribosomal subunits (By similarity).SUBUNIT Interacts with UPF2 (Probable). Component of the small ribosomal subunit, ribosomal RNA processing complex (SSU RRP complex) (PubMed:15231747).TISSUE SPECIFICITY Detected in liver, lung, placenta, endothelial cells and spleen.SIMILARITY Belongs to the NOB1 family.UniProtQ9ULX32EQUAL412EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756791536Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791536ReactomeR-HSA-67915361Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791536.111RPS1040S small ribosomal protein 10P4678340S ribosomal protein S10Reactome DB_ID: 6798733UniProt:P46783 RPS10RPS10FUNCTION Component of the 40S ribosomal subunit.SUBUNIT Component of the small ribosomal subunit. Interacts with PRMT5. The methylated form interacts with NPM1.PTM Methylated by PRMT5. Methylation is necessary for its interaction with NPS1, its localization in the granular component (GC) region of the nucleolus, for the proper assembly of ribosomes, protein synthesis and optimal cell proliferation.PTM Monoubiquitinated by ZNF598 when a ribosome has stalled during translation of poly(A) sequences, leading to preclude synthesis of a long poly-lysine tail and initiate the ribosome quality control (RQC) pathway to degrade the potentially detrimental aberrant nascent polypeptide (PubMed:28065601, PubMed:28132843).SIMILARITY Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS10 family.UniProtP467831EQUAL165EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756798733Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6798733ReactomeR-HSA-67987331Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6798733.11TSR1Pre-rRNA-processing protein TSR1 homologTSR1_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6791574UniProt:Q2NL82 TSR1TSR1KIAA1401FUNCTION Required during maturation of the 40S ribosomal subunit in the nucleolus.SIMILARITY Belongs to the TRAFAC class translation factor GTPase superfamily. Bms1-like GTPase family. TSR1 subfamily.UniProtQ2NL821EQUAL804EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756791574Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791574ReactomeR-HSA-67915741Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791574.11111RPS340S small ribosomal protein 3P2339640S ribosomal protein S3Reactome DB_ID: 6798714UniProt:P23396 RPS3RPS3OK/SW-cl.26FUNCTION Involved in translation as a component of the 40S small ribosomal subunit (PubMed:8706699). Has endonuclease activity and plays a role in repair of damaged DNA (PubMed:7775413). Cleaves phosphodiester bonds of DNAs containing altered bases with broad specificity and cleaves supercoiled DNA more efficiently than relaxed DNA (PubMed:15707971). Displays high binding affinity for 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG), a common DNA lesion caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) (PubMed:14706345). Has also been shown to bind with similar affinity to intact and damaged DNA (PubMed:18610840). Stimulates the N-glycosylase activity of the base excision protein OGG1 (PubMed:15518571). Enhances the uracil excision activity of UNG1 (PubMed:18973764). Also stimulates the cleavage of the phosphodiester backbone by APEX1 (PubMed:18973764). When located in the mitochondrion, reduces cellular ROS levels and mitochondrial DNA damage (PubMed:23911537). Has also been shown to negatively regulate DNA repair in cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide (PubMed:17049931). Plays a role in regulating transcription as part of the NF-kappa-B p65-p50 complex where it binds to the RELA/p65 subunit, enhances binding of the complex to DNA and promotes transcription of target genes (PubMed:18045535). Represses its own translation by binding to its cognate mRNA (PubMed:20217897). Binds to and protects TP53/p53 from MDM2-mediated ubiquitination (PubMed:19656744). Involved in spindle formation and chromosome movement during mitosis by regulating microtubule polymerization (PubMed:23131551). Involved in induction of apoptosis through its role in activation of CASP8 (PubMed:14988002). Induces neuronal apoptosis by interacting with the E2F1 transcription factor and acting synergistically with it to up-regulate pro-apoptotic proteins BCL2L11/BIM and HRK/Dp5 (PubMed:20605787). Interacts with TRADD following exposure to UV radiation and induces apoptosis by caspase-dependent JNK activation (PubMed:22510408).ACTIVITY REGULATION Endonuclease activity is inhibited by MgCl2 on apurinic/apyrimidinic DNA but not on UV-irradiated DNA.SUBUNIT Component of the 40S small ribosomal subunit (PubMed:8706699). Identified in a IGF2BP1-dependent mRNP granule complex containing untranslated mRNAs (PubMed:17289661). Interacts with HNRPD (PubMed:24423872). Interacts with PRMT1; the interaction methylates RPS3 (PubMed:19460357). Interacts with SUMO1; the interaction sumoylates RPS3 (PubMed:21968017). Interacts with UBC9 (PubMed:21968017). Interacts with CDK1; the interaction phosphorylates RPS3 (PubMed:21871177). Interacts with PRKCD; the interaction phosphorylates RPS3 (PubMed:19059439). Interacts with PKB/AKT; the interaction phosphorylates RPS3 (PubMed:20605787). Interacts with E2F1; the interaction occurs in the absence of nerve growth factor and increases transcription of pro-apoptotic proteins BCL2L11/BIM and HRK/Dp5 (PubMed:20605787). Interacts with the base excision repair proteins APEX1 and OGG1; interaction with OGG1 increases OGG1 N-glycosylase activity (PubMed:15518571). Interacts with UNG; the interaction increases the uracil excision activity of UNG1 (PubMed:18973764). Interacts with HSP90; the interaction prevents the ubiquitination and proteasome-dependent degradation of RPS3 and is suppressed by increased ROS levels (PubMed:16314389). Interacts with TOM70; the interaction promotes translocation of RPS3 to the mitochondrion (PubMed:23911537). Interacts (via N-terminus) with RELA (via N-terminus); the interaction enhances the DNA-binding activity of the NF-kappa-B p65-p50 complex (PubMed:18045535). Interacts with NFKBIA; the interaction is direct and may bridge the interaction between RPS3 and RELA (PubMed:24457201). Interacts with IKKB; the interaction phosphorylates RPS3 and enhances its translocation to the nucleus (PubMed:21399639). Interacts (via KH domain) with MDM2 and TP53 (PubMed:19656744). Interacts with TRADD (PubMed:22510408). Interacts (via N-terminus) with E.coli O157:H7 (strain EDL933) nleH1 and nleH2; the interaction with nleH1 inhibits phosphorylation by IKKB, reduces RPS3 nuclear abundance and inhibits transcriptional activation by the NF-kappa-B p65-p50 complex (PubMed:20041225, PubMed:21399639). Identified in a HCV IRES-mediated translation complex, at least composed of EIF3C, IGF2BP1, RPS3 and HCV RNA-replicon (PubMed:19541769). Interacts with CRY1 (By similarity).PTM Methylation by PRMT1 is required for import into the nucleolus and for ribosome assembly.PTM Sumoylation by SUMO1 enhances protein stability through increased resistance to proteolysis. Sumoylation occurs at one or more of the three consensus sites, Lys-18, Lys-214 and Lys-230.PTM Phosphorylation at Thr-221 by CDK1 occurs mainly in G2/M phase (PubMed:21871177). Phosphorylation by PRKCD occurs on a non-ribosomal-associated form which results in translocation of RPS3 to the nucleus and enhances its endonuclease activity (PubMed:19059439). Phosphorylated on Ser-209 by IKKB in response to activation of the NF-kappa-B p65-p50 complex which enhances the association of RPS3 with importin-alpha and mediates the nuclear translocation of RPS3 (PubMed:21399639). Phosphorylation by MAPK is required for translocation to the nucleus following exposure of cells to DNA damaging agents such as hydrogen peroxide (PubMed:17560175). Phosphorylation by PKB/AKT mediates RPS3 nuclear translocation, enhances RPS3 endonuclease activity and suppresses RPS3-induced neuronal apoptosis (PubMed:20605787).PTM Ubiquitinated (PubMed:16314389). This is prevented by interaction with HSP90 which stabilizes the protein (PubMed:16314389). Monoubiquitinated at Lys-214 by ZNF598 when a ribosome has stalled during translation of poly(A) sequences, leading to preclude synthesis of a long poly-lysine tail and initiate the ribosome quality control (RQC) pathway to degrade the potentially detrimental aberrant nascent polypeptide (PubMed:28065601, PubMed:28132843).PTM Ufmylated by UFL1.SIMILARITY Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS3 family.UniProtP233962EQUAL243EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756798714Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6798714ReactomeR-HSA-67987141Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6798714.111RPP21Ribonuclease P protein subunit p21RPP21_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 5696796UniProt:Q9H633 RPP21RPP21C6orf135CAT60FUNCTION Component of ribonuclease P, a ribonucleoprotein complex that generates mature tRNA molecules by cleaving their 5'-ends.SUBUNIT RNase P consists of a catalytic RNA moiety and about 10 protein subunits; POP1, POP4, POP5, POP7, RPP14, RPP21, RPP25, RPP30, RPP38 and RPP40 (PubMed:16723659, PubMed:30454648). Within the RNase P complex, POP1, POP7 and RPP25 form the 'finger' subcomplex, POP5, RPP14, RPP40 and homodimeric RPP30 form the 'palm' subcomplex, and RPP21, POP4 and RPP38 form the 'wrist' subcomplex. All subunits of the RNase P complex interact with the catalytic RNA (PubMed:30454648).SIMILARITY Belongs to the eukaryotic/archaeal RNase P protein component 4 family.UniProtQ9H6332EQUAL154EQUALReactome Database ID Release 755696796Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5696796ReactomeR-HSA-56967961Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5696796.11RIOK2Serine/threonine-protein kinase RIO2 ecNumber2.7.11.1/ecNumberRIOK2_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6791569UniProt:Q9BVS4 RIOK2RIOK2RIO2FUNCTION Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in the final steps of cytoplasmic maturation of the 40S ribosomal subunit. Involved in export of the 40S pre-ribosome particles (pre-40S) from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Its kinase activity is required for the release of NOB1, PNO1 and LTV1 from the late pre-40S and the processing of 18S-E pre-rRNA to the mature 18S rRNA (PubMed:19564402). Regulates the timing of the metaphase-anaphase transition during mitotic progression, and its phosphorylation, most likely by PLK1, regulates this function (PubMed:21880710).SUBUNIT Associated with late 40S pre-ribosomal particles (PubMed:16037817, PubMed:21081503). Interacts with PLK1 (via its N-terminus) (PubMed:21880710).PTM Autophosphorylated (in vitro) (PubMed:19564402, PubMed:21880710). Phosphorylation at Ser-335, Ser-380, Ser-548 by PLK1 affects the timing of the metaphase-anaphase transition (PubMed:21880710).SIMILARITY Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. RIO-type Ser/Thr kinase family.UniProtQ9BVS41EQUAL552EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756791569Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791569ReactomeR-HSA-67915691Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791569.11RPS2540S small ribosomal protein 25P2511140S ribosomal protein S25Reactome DB_ID: 6798707UniProt:P62851 RPS25RPS25SIMILARITY Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS25 family.UniProtP628511EQUAL125EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756798707Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6798707ReactomeR-HSA-67987071Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6798707.111RPS2940S small ribosomal protein 29P3005440S ribosomal protein S29Reactome DB_ID: 6798725UniProt:P62273 RPS29RPS29SUBUNIT Component of the 40S small ribosomal subunit.SIMILARITY Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS14 family.UniProtP622732EQUAL56EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756798725Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6798725ReactomeR-HSA-67987251Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6798725.111CSNK1DCasein kinase I isoform deltaKC1D_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 421305UniProt:P48730 CSNK1DCSNK1DHCKIDFUNCTION Essential serine/threonine-protein kinase that regulates diverse cellular growth and survival processes including Wnt signaling, DNA repair and circadian rhythms. It can phosphorylate a large number of proteins. Casein kinases are operationally defined by their preferential utilization of acidic proteins such as caseins as substrates. Phosphorylates connexin-43/GJA1, MAP1A, SNAPIN, MAPT/TAU, TOP2A, DCK, HIF1A, EIF6, p53/TP53, DVL2, DVL3, ESR1, AIB1/NCOA3, DNMT1, PKD2, YAP1, PER1 and PER2. Central component of the circadian clock. In balance with PP1, determines the circadian period length through the regulation of the speed and rhythmicity of PER1 and PER2 phosphorylation. Controls PER1 and PER2 nuclear transport and degradation. YAP1 phosphorylation promotes its SCF(beta-TRCP) E3 ubiquitin ligase-mediated ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. DNMT1 phosphorylation reduces its DNA-binding activity. Phosphorylation of ESR1 and AIB1/NCOA3 stimulates their activity and coactivation. Phosphorylation of DVL2 and DVL3 regulates WNT3A signaling pathway that controls neurite outgrowth. EIF6 phosphorylation promotes its nuclear export. Triggers down-regulation of dopamine receptors in the forebrain. Activates DCK in vitro by phosphorylation. TOP2A phosphorylation favors DNA cleavable complex formation. May regulate the formation of the mitotic spindle apparatus in extravillous trophoblast. Modulates connexin-43/GJA1 gap junction assembly by phosphorylation. Probably involved in lymphocyte physiology. Regulates fast synaptic transmission mediated by glutamate.ACTIVITY REGULATION Exhibits substrate-dependent heparin activation. Drug-mediated inhibition leads to a delay of the oscillations with the magnitude of this effect dependent upon the timing of drug administration. Inhibited by phosphorylation. Repressed by 3-[(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)methylidenyl]-indolin-2-one (IC261), N-(2-aminoethyl)-5-chloroisoquinoline-8-sulfonamide (CKI-7), 4-[4-(2,3-dihydro-benzo[1,4]dioxin-6-yl)-5-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl]benzamide (D4476), 3,4-diaryl-isoxazoles and -imidazoles, and 4-(3-cyclohexyl-5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl) pyrimidin-2-ylamine (PF670462, PF670).SUBUNIT Monomer (PubMed:22168824, PubMed:23106386). Component of the circadian core oscillator, which includes the CRY proteins, CLOCK, or NPAS2, ARTNL/BMAL1 or ARTNL2/BMAL2, CSNK1D and/or CSNK1E, TIMELESS and the PER proteins (By similarity). Interacts with DNMT1 and MAP1A (By similarity). Interacts directly with PER1 and PER2 which may lead to their degradation (PubMed:11165242). Interacts with MAPT/TAU (PubMed:14761950). Interacts with SNAPIN (By similarity). Interacts with DBNDD2 (PubMed:16618118). Interacts with AIB1/NCOA3 and ESR1 (PubMed:19339517). Interacts with AKAP9/AKAP450; this interaction promotes centrosomal subcellular location (PubMed:12270714). Binds to tubulins in mitotic cells upon DNA damage (PubMed:10826492). Interacts with GJA1 (PubMed:12270943). Interacts with DDX3X; this interaction enhances CSNK1D kinase activity in vitro, but it is unclear whether this interaction is physiologically relevant (PubMed:29222110).TISSUE SPECIFICITY Expressed in all tissues examined, including brain, heart, lung, liver, pancreas, kidney, placenta and skeletal muscle. However, kinase activity is not uniform, with highest kinase activity in splenocytes. In blood, highly expressed in hemopoietic cells and mature granulocytes. Also found in monocytes and lymphocytes.DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE Highly present in extravillous trophoblast cells, which are present at the placenta implantation site and invade the decidua and decidual vessels.PTM Autophosphorylated on serine and threonine residues; this autophosphorylation represses activity. Reactivated by phosphatase-mediated dephosphorylation. May be dephosphorylated by PP1.MISCELLANEOUS May be involved in Alzheimer disease by phosphorylating MAPT/TAU.SIMILARITY Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CK1 Ser/Thr protein kinase family. Casein kinase I subfamily.CAUTION Was shown to phosphorylate and activate DCK in vitro but probably not in vivo.UniProtP487301EQUAL415EQUALReactome Database ID Release 75421305Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=421305ReactomeR-HSA-4213051Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-421305.11RPS2640S small ribosomal protein 26P0238340S ribosomal protein S26Reactome DB_ID: 6798708UniProt:P62854 RPS26RPS26SUBUNIT Component of the 40S small ribosomal subunit.SIMILARITY Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS26 family.UniProtP628542EQUAL115EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756798708Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6798708ReactomeR-HSA-67987081Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6798708.11CSNK1ECKIepsilonCasein kinase I isoform epsilonReactome DB_ID: 421306UniProt:P49674 CSNK1ECSNK1EFUNCTION Casein kinases are operationally defined by their preferential utilization of acidic proteins such as caseins as substrates. Can phosphorylate a large number of proteins. Participates in Wnt signaling. Phosphorylates DVL1 and DVL2. Central component of the circadian clock. In balance with PP1, determines the circadian period length, through the regulation of the speed and rhythmicity of PER1 and PER2 phosphorylation. Controls PER1 and PER2 nuclear transport and degradation. Inhibits cytokine-induced granuloytic differentiation.ACTIVITY REGULATION Phosphorylation leads to a decrease of the catalytic activity.SUBUNIT Monomer (PubMed:23106386). Component of the circadian core oscillator, which includes the CRY proteins, CLOCK, or NPAS2, ARTNL/BMAL1 or ARTNL2/BMAL2, CSNK1D and/or CSNK1E, TIMELESS and the PER proteins (By similarity). Interacts with PER1 (PubMed:10790862). Interacts with ANKRD6 (By similarity). Interacts with DBNDD2 (PubMed:16618118). Interacts with LRP5 and LRP6 (PubMed:16513652). Interacts with SOCS3 (PubMed:15070676). Interacts with SNAI1 (via zinc fingers) (PubMed:20305697). Interacts with DDX3X; this interaction greatly enhances CSNK1E affinity for ATP and DVL2 phosphorylation, but inhibits DDX3X ATPase/helicase activity. In the presence of RNA, the interaction is decreased (PubMed:23413191, PubMed:29222110).TISSUE SPECIFICITY Expressed in all tissues examined, including brain, heart, lung, liver, pancreas, kidney, placenta and skeletal muscle. Expressed in monocytes and lymphocytes but not in granulocytes.INDUCTION Down-regulated during granulocytic differentiation.PTM Autophosphorylated. Partially dephosphorylated by PPP5C. May be dephosphorylated by PP1.SIMILARITY Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CK1 Ser/Thr protein kinase family. Casein kinase I subfamily.UniProtP496741EQUAL416EQUALReactome Database ID Release 75421306Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=421306ReactomeR-HSA-4213061Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-421306.11RPS1940S small ribosomal protein 19P3901940S ribosomal protein S19Reactome DB_ID: 6798710UniProt:P39019 RPS19RPS19FUNCTION Required for pre-rRNA processing and maturation of 40S ribosomal subunits.SUBUNIT Interacts with RPS19BP1.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Higher level expression is seen in the colon carcinoma tissue than normal colon tissue.SIMILARITY Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS19 family.UniProtP390192EQUAL145EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756798710Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6798710ReactomeR-HSA-67987101Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6798710.111RPS1540S small ribosomal protein 15P1117440S ribosomal protein S15RIG proteinReactome DB_ID: 6798706UniProt:P62841 RPS15RPS15RIGSIMILARITY Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS19 family.UniProtP628412EQUAL145EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756798706Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6798706ReactomeR-HSA-67987061Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6798706.11RPS2140S small ribosomal protein 21P3526540S ribosomal protein S21Reactome DB_ID: 6798732UniProt:P63220 RPS21RPS21SUBUNIT Component of the 40S small ribosomal subunit.SIMILARITY Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS21 family.UniProtP632201EQUAL83EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756798732Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6798732ReactomeR-HSA-67987321Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6798732.11Reactome Database ID Release 756791531Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791531ReactomeR-HSA-67915312Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791531.2RIOK1Serine/threonine-protein kinase RIO1 ecNumber2.7.11.1/ecNumberRIOK1_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 67915251EQUAL568EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756791525Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791525ReactomeR-HSA-67915251Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791525.1CSNK1DCasein kinase I, deltaReactome DB_ID: 3803151EQUAL415EQUALReactome Database ID Release 75380315Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=380315ReactomeR-HSA-3803151Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-380315.1CSNK1ECKIepsilonCasein kinase I isoform epsilonReactome DB_ID: 2058771EQUAL416EQUALReactome Database ID Release 75205877Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=205877ReactomeR-HSA-2058771Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-205877.140S ribosomal complexReactome DB_ID: 72392RPS940S small ribosomal protein 9P4678140S ribosomal protein S9Reactome DB_ID: 723872EQUAL194EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7572387Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72387ReactomeR-HSA-723871Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72387.11RPS2940S small ribosomal protein 29P3005440S ribosomal protein S29Reactome DB_ID: 723672EQUAL56EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7572367Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72367ReactomeR-HSA-723671Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72367.11RPS340S small ribosomal protein 3P2339640S ribosomal protein S3Reactome DB_ID: 723692EQUAL243EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7572369Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72369ReactomeR-HSA-723691Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72369.11S8RPS740S small ribosomal protein 7P2382140S ribosomal protein S7Reactome DB_ID: 723831EQUAL194EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7572383Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72383ReactomeR-HSA-723831Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72383.11RPS2040S small ribosomal protein 20P1707540S ribosomal protein S20Reactome DB_ID: 723492EQUAL119EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7572349Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72349ReactomeR-HSA-723491Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72349.11RPS1040S small ribosomal protein 10P4678340S ribosomal protein S10Reactome DB_ID: 723251EQUAL165EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7572325Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72325ReactomeR-HSA-723251Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72325.11RPS1740S small ribosomal protein 17P0870840S ribosomal protein S17Reactome DB_ID: 723392EQUAL135EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7572339Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72339ReactomeR-HSA-723391Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72339.11RPS2640S small ribosomal protein 26P0238340S ribosomal protein S26Reactome DB_ID: 723592EQUAL115EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7572359Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72359ReactomeR-HSA-723591Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72359.11RPS1340S small ribosomal protein 13Q0254640S ribosomal protein S13Reactome DB_ID: 723312EQUAL151EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7572331Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72331ReactomeR-HSA-723311Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72331.11P40RPSA40S small ribosomal protein P4P0886540S ribosomal protein SA34/67 kDa laminin receptorColon carcinoma laminin-binding proteinNEM/1CHD4Multidrug resistance- associated protein MGr1-AgReactome DB_ID: 723892EQUAL295EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7572389Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72389ReactomeR-HSA-723891Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72389.11RPS15A40S small ribosomal protein 1AP3902740S ribosomal protein S15aReactome DB_ID: 723452EQUAL130EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7572345Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72345ReactomeR-HSA-723451Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72345.11RPS640S small ribosomal protein 6P1066040S ribosomal protein S6Phosphoprotein NP33Reactome DB_ID: 723811EQUAL249EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7572381Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72381ReactomeR-HSA-723811Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72381.11RPS540S small ribosomal protein 5P4678240S ribosomal protein S5Reactome DB_ID: 723791EQUAL204EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7572379Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72379ReactomeR-HSA-723791Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72379.11KE3RPS1840S small ribosomal protein 18P2523240S ribosomal protein S18KE-3Reactome DB_ID: 723412EQUAL152EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7572341Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72341ReactomeR-HSA-723411Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72341.11RPS1140S small ribosomal protein 11P0464340S ribosomal protein S11Reactome DB_ID: 723272EQUAL158EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7572327Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72327ReactomeR-HSA-723271Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72327.11RPS1940S small ribosomal protein 19P3901940S ribosomal protein S19Reactome DB_ID: 723432EQUAL145EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7572343Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72343ReactomeR-HSA-723431Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72343.11RPS840S small ribosomal protein 8P0905840S ribosomal protein S8Reactome DB_ID: 723852EQUAL208EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7572385Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72385ReactomeR-HSA-723851Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72385.11RPS2540S small ribosomal protein 25P2511140S ribosomal protein S25Reactome DB_ID: 723571EQUAL125EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7572357Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72357ReactomeR-HSA-723571Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72357.11RPS1540S small ribosomal protein 15P1117440S ribosomal protein S15RIG proteinReactome DB_ID: 723352EQUAL145EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7572335Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72335ReactomeR-HSA-723351Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72335.11RPS27A(77-156)40S small ribosomal protein 27A40S ribosomal protein S27aReactome DB_ID: 7236377EQUAL156EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7572363Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72363ReactomeR-HSA-723631Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72363.11RPS2840S small ribosomal protein 28P2511240S ribosomal protein S28Reactome DB_ID: 723651EQUAL69EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7572365Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72365ReactomeR-HSA-723651Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72365.1118S rRNAReactome DB_ID: 72391EMBL:X03205 18S rRNA18S rRNAEMBLX03205Reactome Database ID Release 7572391Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72391ReactomeR-HSA-723911Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72391.11RPS1240S small ribosomal protein 12P2539840S ribosomal protein S12Reactome DB_ID: 723292EQUAL132EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7572329Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72329ReactomeR-HSA-723291Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72329.11RPS3A40S small ribosomal protein 3AP4924140S ribosomal protein S3aReactome DB_ID: 723732EQUAL264EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7572373Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72373ReactomeR-HSA-723731Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72373.11RPS1440S small ribosomal protein 14P0636640S ribosomal protein S14PRO2640Reactome DB_ID: 723332EQUAL151EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7572333Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72333ReactomeR-HSA-723331Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72333.11FAU40S small ribosomal protein 30Q0547240S ribosomal protein S30Reactome DB_ID: 723711EQUAL59EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7572371Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72371ReactomeR-HSA-723711Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72371.11RPS2340S small ribosomal protein 23P3902840S ribosomal protein S23Reactome DB_ID: 723532EQUAL143EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7572353Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72353ReactomeR-HSA-723531Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72353.11RPS1640S small ribosomal protein 16P1700840S ribosomal protein S16Reactome DB_ID: 723372EQUAL146EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7572337Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72337ReactomeR-HSA-723371Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72337.11Converted from EntitySet in ReactomeRPS27,RPS27LReactome DB_ID: 8868839RPS2740S small ribosomal protein 27P4267740S ribosomal protein S27Metallopan-stimulin 1MPS-1Reactome DB_ID: 723612EQUAL84EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7572361Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72361ReactomeR-HSA-723611Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72361.1RPS27L40S ribosomal protein S27-likeRS27L_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 88688492EQUAL84EQUALReactome Database ID Release 758868849Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8868849ReactomeR-HSA-88688492Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8868849.2Reactome Database ID Release 758868839Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8868839ReactomeR-HSA-88688392Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8868839.21RPS2140S small ribosomal protein 21P3526540S ribosomal protein S21Reactome DB_ID: 723511EQUAL83EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7572351Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72351ReactomeR-HSA-723511Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72351.11Converted from EntitySet in ReactomeRPS4X,RPS4Y1,RPS4Y2Reactome DB_ID: 8868832RPS4X40S small ribosomal protein 4P1275040S ribosomal protein S4, X isoformSingle copy abundant mRNA proteinSCR10Reactome DB_ID: 723752EQUAL263EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7572375Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72375ReactomeR-HSA-723751Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72375.1RPS4Y140S small ribosomal protein 4YP2209040S ribosomal protein S4, Y isoformPRO2646Reactome DB_ID: 723772EQUAL263EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7572377Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72377ReactomeR-HSA-723771Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72377.1RPS4Y240S ribosomal protein S4, Y isoform 2RS4Y2_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 88688341EQUAL263EQUALReactome Database ID Release 758868834Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8868834ReactomeR-HSA-88688342Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8868834.2Reactome Database ID Release 758868832Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8868832ReactomeR-HSA-88688322Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8868832.211S19RPS2440S small ribosomal protein 24P1663240S ribosomal protein S24Reactome DB_ID: 723551EQUAL133EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7572355Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72355ReactomeR-HSA-723551Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72355.11Reactome Database ID Release 7572392Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72392ReactomeR-HSA-723922Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72392.2ComplexPortalCPX-5223NOB1RNA-binding protein NOB1NOB1_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 67915242EQUAL412EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756791524Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791524ReactomeR-HSA-67915241Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791524.1PNO1RNA-binding protein PNO1PNO1_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 67915091EQUAL252EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756791509Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791509ReactomeR-HSA-67915091Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791509.1BYSLBystinBYST_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 67915181EQUAL437EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756791518Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791518ReactomeR-HSA-67915181Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791518.1RIOK2Serine/threonine-protein kinase RIO2 ecNumber2.7.11.1/ecNumberRIOK2_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 67915331EQUAL552EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756791533Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791533ReactomeR-HSA-67915331Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791533.1TSR1Pre-rRNA-processing protein TSR1 homologTSR1_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 67915701EQUAL804EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756791570Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791570ReactomeR-HSA-67915701Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791570.1LTV1Protein LTV1 homologLTV1_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 67915201EQUAL475EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756791520Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791520ReactomeR-HSA-67915201Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791520.1ACTIVATIONGENE ONTOLOGYGO:0004521Reactome Database ID Release 756791528Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791528Reactome Database ID Release 756791223Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791223ReactomeR-HSA-67912235Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791223.522072790Pubmed2012The kinase activity of human Rio1 is required for final steps of cytoplasmic maturation of 40S subunitsWidmann, BarbaraWandrey, FranziskaBadertscher, LukasWyler, EmanuelPfannstiel, JensZemp, IvoKutay, UlrikeMol. Biol. Cell 23:22-3519564402Pubmed2009Distinct cytoplasmic maturation steps of 40S ribosomal subunit precursors require hRio2Zemp, IvoWild, ThomasO'Donohue, Marie-FrançoiseWandrey, FranziskaWidmann, BarbaraGleizes, Pierre-EmmanuelKutay, UlrikeJ. Cell Biol. 185:1167-8025525153Pubmed2015WBSCR22/Merm1 is required for late nuclear pre-ribosomal RNA processing and mediates N7-methylation of G1639 in human 18S rRNAHaag, SaraKretschmer, JensBohnsack, Markus TRNA 21:180-716037817Pubmed2005Nuclear export and cytoplasmic processing of precursors to the 40S ribosomal subunits in mammalian cellsRouquette, JacquesChoesmel, ValérieGleizes, Pierre-EmmanuelEMBO J. 24:2862-7221097556Pubmed2011Tandem affinity purification combined with inducible shRNA expression as a tool to study the maturation of macromolecular assembliesWyler, EmanuelZimmermann, MirjamWidmann, BarbaraGstaiger, MatthiasPfannstiel, JensKutay, UlrikeZemp, IvoRNA 17:189-20024424021Pubmed2014CK1δ and CK1ε are components of human 40S subunit precursors required for cytoplasmic 40S maturationZemp, IvoWandrey, FranziskaRao, SanjanaAshiono, CarolineWyler, EmanuelMontellese, ChristianKutay, UlrikeJ. Cell. Sci. 127:1242-5319801658Pubmed2009RNA helicase Prp43 and its co-factor Pfa1 promote 20 to 18 S rRNA processing catalyzed by the endonuclease Nob1Pertschy, BrigitteSchneider, ClaudiaGnädig, MarénSchäfer, ThorstenTollervey, DavidHurt, EdJ. Biol. Chem. 284:35079-91ACTIVATIONReactome Database ID Release 759023929Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=9023929ReactomeR-HSA-90239291Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-9023929.1ACTIVATIONReactome Database ID Release 758949027Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8949027ReactomeR-HSA-89490271Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8949027.1WBSCR22Probable 18S rRNAWBS22_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6790981UniProt:O43709 BUD23BUD23WBSCR22MERM1HUSSY-03PP3381FUNCTION S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferase that specifically methylates the N(7) position of a guanine in 18S rRNA (PubMed:25851604). Requires the methyltransferase adapter protein TRM112 for full rRNA methyltransferase activity (PubMed:25851604). Involved in the pre-rRNA processing steps leading to small-subunit rRNA production independently of its RNA-modifying catalytic activity (PubMed:25851604). Important for biogenesis end export of the 40S ribosomal subunit independent on its methyltransferase activity (PubMed:24086612). Locus-specific steroid receptor coactivator. Potentiates transactivation by glucocorticoid (NR3C1), mineralocorticoid (NR3C2), androgen (AR) and progesterone (PGR) receptors (PubMed:24488492). Required for the maintenance of open chromatin at the TSC22D3/GILZ locus to facilitate NR3C1 loading on the response elements (PubMed:24488492). Required for maintenance of dimethylation on histone H3 'Lys-79' (H3K79me2), although direct histone methyltransferase activity is not observed in vitro (PubMed:24488492).SUBUNIT Heterodimer with TRMT112; this heterodimerization is necessary for the metabolic stability and activity of the catalytic subunit BUD23 (PubMed:25851604). Interacts with GRIP1.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Widely expressed, with high levels in heart, skeletal muscle and kidney. Detected at high levels in bronchial brushings and in normal lung (at protein level). In fetal lung tissue, expressed in the developing bronchial lumen lining cells (at protein level). Tends to be down-regulated in lungs affected by inflammatory diseases or neoplasia (at protein level). Expressed in immune cells, including B and T lymphocytes and macrophages.INDUCTION Up-regulated in CD8+ T lymphocytes by treatment with anti-CD3 and in B lymphocytes by treatment with CD40 ligand and anti-B cell receptor antibody. In macrophages, no induction following LPS treatment. Down-regulated by a combined treatment with TNF and IFNG (at protein level).PTM May be ubiquitinated and targeted to degradation in response to proinflammatory cytokine signaling.DISEASE BUD23 is located in the Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) critical region. WBS results from a hemizygous deletion of several genes on chromosome 7q11.23, thought to arise as a consequence of unequal crossing over between highly homologous low-copy repeat sequences flanking the deleted region. Haploinsufficiency of BUD23 may be the cause of certain cardiovascular and musculo-skeletal abnormalities observed in the disease.SIMILARITY Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. BUD23/WBSCR22 family.UniProtO437091EQUAL281EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756790981Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6790981ReactomeR-HSA-67909811Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6790981.1ACTIVATIONReactome Database ID Release 759023927Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=9023927ReactomeR-HSA-90239271Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-9023927.1LEFT-TO-RIGHT32S pre-rRNA is nucleolytically processed at site 4 (4a) to yield 12S pre-rRNA and 28S rRNAUnknown nucleases process the 32S precursor rRNA (pre-rRNA) at site 4, yielding the 28S rRNA and the 12S pre-RNA that will be further processed to the mature 5.8S rRNA. Processing occurs in precursor 60S ribosomal (pre-60S) subunits that contain ribosomal proteins and processing factors. The PES1:BOP1:WDR12 complex (PeBoW complex) associates with pre-60S subunits in both the nucleus and cytosol where it is involved in processing 32S rRNA and recycling pre-60S subunit processing factors. Perturbation of the PeBoW complex prevents processing of the 32S pre-rRNA (Holzel et al. 2005, Grimm et al. 2006, Holzel et al 2007, Rohrmoser et al. 2007). The polynucleotide kinase activity of NOL9, which is associated with pre-60s subunits, is also required for processing of pre-32S rRNA (Heindl and Martinez 2010). LAS1L interacts with PELP1:TEX10:WDR18, NOL9, and SENP3 in pre-60S subunits where it is required for processing of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) in pre-32S rRNA (Castle et al. 2012). The PELP1:TEX10:WDR18 complex is the mammalian homolog of the yeast Rix1 complex (Castle et al. 2012). A complex containing GNL3 (Nucleostemin), EBNA1BP2, DDX21, and PES1 is also required for processing 32S rRNA to 28S rRNA (Romanova et al. 2009). Both the Nucleostemin complex and the PeBoW complex both contain PES1 and therefore may be part of a single larger complex.Authored: May, Bruce, 2015-08-16Reviewed: Vincent, Nicholas G, 2016-01-30Edited: May, Bruce, 2015-08-1632S pre-rRNA:Rix1:LAS1L:NOL9:SENP3Reactome DB_ID: 67915621SENP3Sentrin-specific protease 3 ecNumber3.4.22.68/ecNumberSENP3_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 2984296UniProt:Q9H4L4 SENP3SENP3SSP3SUSP3FUNCTION Protease that releases SUMO2 and SUMO3 monomers from sumoylated substrates, but has only weak activity against SUMO1 conjugates. Deconjugates SUMO2 from MEF2D, which increases its transcriptional activation capability. Deconjugates SUMO2 and SUMO3 from CDCA8. Redox sensor that, when redistributed into nucleoplasm, can act as an effector to enhance HIF1A transcriptional activity by desumoylating EP300. Required for rRNA processing through deconjugation of SUMO2 and SUMO3 from nucleophosmin, NPM1. Plays a role in the regulation of sumoylation status of ZNF148. Functions as a component of the Five Friends of Methylated CHTOP (5FMC) complex; the 5FMC complex is recruited to ZNF148 by methylated CHTOP, leading to desumoylation of ZNF148 and subsequent transactivation of ZNF148 target genes.ACTIVITY REGULATION On oxidative stress, SENP3 degradation is blocked by inhibition of its ubiquitination, which stabilizes it as it accumulates in the nucleoplasm.SUBUNIT Binds to SUMO1 and SUMO3 (By similarity). Component of some MLL1/MLL complex, at least composed of the core components KMT2A/MLL1, ASH2L, HCFC1/HCF1, WDR5 and RBBP5, as well as the facultative components BAP18, CHD8, E2F6, HSP70, INO80C, KANSL1, LAS1L, MAX, MCRS1, MGA, MYST1/MOF, PELP1, PHF20, PRP31, RING2, RUVB1/TIP49A, RUVB2/TIP49B, SENP3, TAF1, TAF4, TAF6, TAF7, TAF9 and TEX10. Interacts with EP300, NPM1 and CDCA8. Component of the 5FMC complex, at least composed of PELP1, LAS1L, TEX10, WDR18 and SENP3; the complex interacts with methylated CHTOP and ZNF148. Interacts with NOL9. Interacts with CCAR2.SIMILARITY Belongs to the peptidase C48 family.UniProtQ9H4L41EQUAL574EQUALReactome Database ID Release 752984296Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=2984296ReactomeR-HSA-29842961Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-2984296.11PeBoW complexPES1:BOP1:WDR12Reactome DB_ID: 6791214WDR12fullName evidence="1"Ribosome biogenesis protein WDR12WDR12_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6791215UniProt:Q9GZL7 WDR12WDR12FUNCTION Component of the PeBoW complex, which is required for maturation of 28S and 5.8S ribosomal RNAs and formation of the 60S ribosome.SUBUNIT Component of the PeBoW complex, composed of BOP1, PES1 and WDR12 (ECO:0000269|PubMed:16043514, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16738141, PubMed:17189298, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17353269). The complex is held together by BOP1, which interacts with PES1 via its N-terminal domain and with WDR12 via a high-affinity interaction between the seven-bladed beta-propeller domains of the 2 proteins. The PeBoW complex associates with the 66S pre-ribosome (By similarity). Interacts (via UBL domain) with MDN1 (via VWFA/MIDAS domain) (PubMed:26601951).INDUCTION By MYC.SIMILARITY Belongs to the WD repeat WDR12/YTM1 family.UniProtQ9GZL72EQUAL423EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756791215Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791215ReactomeR-HSA-67912151Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791215.111PES1fullName evidence="3"Pescadillo homologPESC_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6791207UniProt:O00541 PES1PES1FUNCTION Component of the PeBoW complex, which is required for maturation of 28S and 5.8S ribosomal RNAs and formation of the 60S ribosome.SUBUNIT Component of the PeBoW complex, composed of BOP1, PES1 and WDR12 (PubMed:16043514, PubMed:16738141, PubMed:17189298, PubMed:17353269). The complex is held together by BOP1, which interacts with PES1 via its N-terminal domain and with WDR12 via a high-affinity interaction between the seven-bladed beta-propeller domains of the 2 proteins. The PeBoW complex associates with the 66S pre-ribosome (By similarity). The PeBoW complex also associates with DDX27, PES1 interacts directly with DDX27 (PubMed:25825154). Interacts with IRS1 and UBTF. May interact with MAP1B (By similarity).TISSUE SPECIFICITY Significant levels are detected in a variety of cancer cell lines, including glioblastoma, breast carcinoma, colon carcinoma and cervical carcinoma cells. Levels are abnormally elevated in malignant tumors of astrocytic origin.INDUCTION By MYC.PTM Sumoylated.SIMILARITY Belongs to the pescadillo family.UniProtO005411EQUAL588EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756791207Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791207ReactomeR-HSA-67912071Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791207.11Reactome Database ID Release 756791214Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791214ReactomeR-HSA-67912141Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791214.11NOL9Polynucleotide 5'-hydroxyl-kinase NOL9 ecNumber2.7.1.-/ecNumberNOL9_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6791216UniProt:Q5SY16 NOL9NOL9FUNCTION Polynucleotide 5'-kinase involved in rRNA processing. The kinase activity is required for the processing of the 32S precursor into 5.8S and 28S rRNAs, more specifically for the generation of the major 5.8S(S) form. In vitro, has both DNA and RNA 5'-kinase activities. Probably binds RNA.SUBUNIT Interacts with PELP1, WDR18 and SENP3.SIMILARITY Belongs to the Clp1 family. NOL9/GRC3 subfamily.UniProtQ5SY162EQUAL702EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756791216Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791216ReactomeR-HSA-67912161Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791216.11LAS1LRibosomal biogenesis protein LAS1LLAS1L_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 6791521UniProt:Q9Y4W2 LAS1LLAS1LMSTP060FUNCTION Involved in the biogenesis of the 60S ribosomal subunit. Required for maturation of the 28S rRNA. Functions as a component of the Five Friends of Methylated CHTOP (5FMC) complex; the 5FMC complex is recruited to ZNF148 by methylated CHTOP, leading to desumoylation of ZNF148 and subsequent transactivation of ZNF148 target genes.SUBUNIT Component of some MLL1/MLL complex, at least composed of the core components KMT2A/MLL1, ASH2L, HCFC1/HCF1, WDR5 and RBBP5, as well as the facultative components BAP18, CHD8, E2F6, HSP70, INO80C, KANSL1, LAS1L, MAX, MCRS1, MGA, KAT8/MOF, PELP1, PHF20, PRP31, RING2, RUVB1/TIP49A, RUVB2/TIP49B, SENP3, TAF1, TAF4, TAF6, TAF7, TAF9 and TEX10. Component of the 5FMC complex, at least composed of PELP1, LAS1L, TEX10, WDR18 and SENP3; the complex interacts with methylated CHTOP and ZNF148.SIMILARITY Belongs to the LAS1 family.UniProtQ9Y4W21EQUAL734EQUALReactome Database ID Release 756791521Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791521ReactomeR-HSA-67915211Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791521.11Rix1 complexReactome DB_ID: 6791504PELP1Proline-, glutamic acid- and leucine-rich protein 1PELP1_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 3826531UniProt:Q8IZL8 PELP1PELP1HMX3MNARFUNCTION Coactivator of estrogen receptor-mediated transcription and a corepressor of other nuclear hormone receptors and sequence-specific transcription factors. Plays a role in estrogen receptor (ER) genomic activity when present in the nuclear compartment by activating the ER target genes in a hormonal stimulation dependent manner. Can facilitate ER non-genomic signaling via SRC and PI3K interaction in the cytosol. Plays a role in E2-mediated cell cycle progression by interacting with RB1. May have important functional implications in ER/growth factor cross-talk. Interacts with several growth factor signaling components including EGFR and HRS. Involved in nuclear receptor signaling via its interaction with AR and NR3C1. May promote tumorigenesis via its interaction with and modulation of several oncogenes including SRC, PI3K, STAT3 and EGFR. Plays a role in cancer cell metastasis via its ability to modulate E2-mediated cytoskeleton changes and cell migration via its interaction with SRC and PI3K. Functions as the key stabilizing component of the Five Friends of Methylated CHTOP (5FMC) complex; the 5FMC complex is recruited to ZNF148 by methylated CHTOP, leading to desumoylation of ZNF148 and subsequent transactivation of ZNF148 target genes. Component of the PELP1 complex involved in the nucleolar steps of 28S rRNA maturation and the subsequent nucleoplasmic transit of the pre-60S ribosomal subunit. Regulates pre-60S association of the critical remodeling factor MDN1 (PubMed:21326211).SUBUNIT Interacts with HRS, RXRA, SUMO2, HDAC2, RB1 and STAT3. Interacts with PI3K, SRC and EGFR in cytoplasm. Interacts with ESR1 and ESR2 and this interaction is enhanced by 17-beta-estradiol. Interacts with CREBBP, EP300, AR and NR3C1 in a ligand-dependent manner. Forms two complexes in the presence of 17-beta-estradiol; one with SRC and ESR1 and another with LCK and ESR1. Interacts with histone H1 and H3 with a greater affinity for H1. Component of some MLL1/MLL complex, at least composed of the core components KMT2A/MLL1, ASH2L, HCFC1/HCF1, WDR5 and RBBP5, as well as the facultative components BAP18, CHD8, E2F6, HSP70, INO80C, KANSL1, LAS1L, MAX, MCRS1, MGA, KAT8/MOF, PELP1, PHF20, PRP31, RING2, RUVB1/TIP49A, RUVB2/TIP49B, SENP3, TAF1, TAF4, TAF6, TAF7, TAF9 and TEX10. Core component of the 5FMC complex, at least composed of PELP1, LAS1L, TEX10, WDR18 and SENP3; the complex interacts with methylated CHTOP and ZNF148. Interacts with NOL9. Interacts with BCAS3. Component of the PELP1 complex, composed of at least PELP1, TEX10 and WDR18. The complex interacts (via PELP1) with MDN1 (via its hexameric AAA ATPase ring) and the pre-60S ribosome particles (PubMed:21326211, PubMed:27814492).TISSUE SPECIFICITY Widely expressed.DOMAIN The Glu-rich region mediates histones interaction.DOMAIN The Leu-Xaa-Xaa-Leu-Leu (LXXLL) motifs are required for the association with nuclear receptor ESR1.PTM Transiently sumoylated, preferentially conjugated to SUMO2 or SUMO3. Sumoylation causes nucleolar exclusion of PELP1 and promotes the recruitment of MDN1 to pre-60S particles. Desumoylation by SUMO isopeptidase SENP3 is needed to release both PELP1 and MDN1 from pre-ribosomes.SIMILARITY Belongs to the RIX1/PELP1 family.UniProtQ8IZL81EQUAL1130EQUALReactome Database ID Release 753826531Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=3826531ReactomeR-HSA-38265311Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-3826531.11TEX10Testis-expressed sequence 10 proteinTEX10_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 3826589UniProt:Q9NXF1 TEX10TEX10L18Nbla10363FUNCTION Functions as a component of the Five Friends of Methylated CHTOP (5FMC) complex; the 5FMC complex is recruited to ZNF148 by methylated CHTOP, leading to desumoylation of ZNF148 and subsequent transactivation of ZNF148 target genes (PubMed:22872859). Component of the PELP1 complex involved in the nucleolar steps of 28S rRNA maturation and the subsequent nucleoplasmic transit of the pre-60S ribosomal subunit (PubMed:21326211).SUBUNIT Component of some MLL1/MLL complex, at least composed of the core components KMT2A/MLL1, ASH2L, HCFC1/HCF1, WDR5 and RBBP5, as well as the facultative components BAP18, CHD8, E2F6, HSP70, INO80C, KANSL1, LAS1L, MAX, MCRS1, MGA, KAT8/MOF, PELP1, PHF20, PRP31, RING2, RUVB1/TIP49A, RUVB2/TIP49B, SENP3, TAF1, TAF4, TAF6, TAF7, TAF9 and TEX10. Component of the 5FMC complex, at least composed of PELP1, LAS1L, TEX10, WDR18 and SENP3; the complex interacts with methylated CHTOP and ZNF148. Component of the PELP1 complex, composed of at least PELP1, TEX10 and WDR18. The complex interacts with pre-60S ribosome particles (PubMed:21326211).SIMILARITY Belongs to the IPI1/TEX10 family.UniProtQ9NXF11EQUAL929EQUALReactome Database ID Release 753826589Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=3826589ReactomeR-HSA-38265891Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-3826589.11WDR18WD repeat-containing protein 18WDR18_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 3826598UniProt:Q9BV38 WDR18WDR18FUNCTION Functions as a component of the Five Friends of Methylated CHTOP (5FMC) complex; the 5FMC complex is recruited to ZNF148 by methylated CHTOP, leading to desumoylation of ZNF148 and subsequent transactivation of ZNF148 target genes (PubMed:22872859). Component of the PELP1 complex involved in the nucleolar steps of 28S rRNA maturation and the subsequent nucleoplasmic transit of the pre-60S ribosomal subunit (PubMed:21326211).SUBUNIT Component of the 5FMC complex, at least composed of PELP1, LAS1L, TEX10, WDR18 and SENP3; the complex interacts with methylated CHTOP and ZNF148. Interacts with NOL9. Component of the PELP1 complex, composed of at least PELP1, TEX10 and WDR18. The complex interacts with pre-60S ribosome particles (PubMed:21326211).SIMILARITY Belongs to the WD repeat IPI3/WDR18 family.UniProtQ9BV381EQUAL432EQUALReactome Database ID Release 753826598Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=3826598ReactomeR-HSA-38265981Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-3826598.11Reactome Database ID Release 756791504Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791504ReactomeR-HSA-67915041Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791504.11Reactome Database ID Release 756791562Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791562ReactomeR-HSA-67915621Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791562.128S rRNA:12S pre-rRNA:Rix1:LAS1L:NOL9:SENP3:PeBoWReactome DB_ID: 679156812S pre-rRNAReactome DB_ID: 6791201Reactome Database ID Release 756791201Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791201ReactomeR-HSA-67912012Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791201.2ChEBI18111128S rRNAReactome DB_ID: 5096493EMBL:M11167 28S rRNA28S rRNAEMBLM111671EQUAL5025EQUALReactome Database ID Release 755096493Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5096493ReactomeR-HSA-50964931Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5096493.111111Reactome Database ID Release 756791568Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791568ReactomeR-HSA-67915681Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791568.1Reactome Database ID Release 756791219Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6791219ReactomeR-HSA-67912195Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6791219.522190735Pubmed2012LAS1L interacts with the mammalian Rix1 complex to regulate ribosome biogenesisCastle, Christopher DCassimere, Erica KDenicourt, CatherineMol. Biol. Cell 23:716-2817353269Pubmed2007Interdependence of Pes1, Bop1, and WDR12 controls nucleolar localization and assembly of the PeBoW complex required for maturation of the 60S ribosomal subunitRohrmoser, MichaelaHölzel, MichaelGrimm, ThomasMalamoussi, AnastassiaHarasim, ThomasOrban, MathiasPfisterer, IrisGruber-Eber, AnitaKremmer, EEick, DirkMol. Cell. Biol. 27:3682-9417189298Pubmed2007The BRCT domain of mammalian Pes1 is crucial for nucleolar localization and rRNA processingHölzel, MichaelGrimm, ThomasRohrmoser, MichaelaMalamoussi, AnastassiaHarasim, ThomasGruber-Eber, AnitaKremmer, EEick, DirkNucleic Acids Res. 35:789-80016738141Pubmed2006Dominant-negative Pes1 mutants inhibit ribosomal RNA processing and cell proliferation via incorporation into the PeBoW-complexGrimm, ThomasHölzel, MichaelRohrmoser, MichaelaHarasim, ThomasMalamoussi, AnastassiaGruber-Eber, AnitaKremmer, EEick, DirkNucleic Acids Res. 34:3030-4319106111Pubmed2009Critical role of nucleostemin in pre-rRNA processingRomanova, LiudmilaGrand, AnthonyZhang, LiyingRayner, SamuelKatoku-Kikyo, NobukoKellner, StevenKikyo, NobuakiJ. Biol. Chem. 284:4968-7716043514Pubmed2005Mammalian WDR12 is a novel member of the Pes1-Bop1 complex and is required for ribosome biogenesis and cell proliferationHölzel, MichaelRohrmoser, MichaelaSchlee, MartinGrimm, ThomasHarasim, ThomasMalamoussi, AnastassiaGruber-Eber, AnitaKremmer, EHiddemann, WolfgangBornkamm, Georg WEick, DirkJ. Cell Biol. 170:367-7821063389Pubmed2010Nol9 is a novel polynucleotide 5'-kinase involved in ribosomal RNA processingHeindl, KatrinMartinez, JavierEMBO J. 29:4161-71ACTIVATIONReactome Database ID Release 758949024Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8949024ReactomeR-HSA-89490241Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8949024.1ACTIVATIONReactome Database ID Release 758949030Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8949030ReactomeR-HSA-89490301Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8949030.1ACTIVATIONReactome Database ID Release 758948996Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8948996ReactomeR-HSA-89489961Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8948996.1GNL3:EBNA1BP2:DDX21:PES1Reactome DB_ID: 8869320EBNA1BP2Probable rRNA-processing protein EBP2EBP2_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 8869325UniProt:Q99848 EBNA1BP2EBNA1BP2EBP2FUNCTION Required for the processing of the 27S pre-rRNA.SUBUNIT Specifically interacts with EBV EBNA1. The EBNA1-EBP2 interaction is important for the stable segregation of EBV episomes during cell division (PubMed:10074103). Interacts with WDR46.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Ubiquitous.SIMILARITY Belongs to the EBP2 family.UniProtQ998481EQUAL306EQUALReactome Database ID Release 758869325Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8869325ReactomeR-HSA-88693252Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8869325.21GNL3Guanine nucleotide-binding protein-like 3GNL3_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 8869324UniProt:Q9BVP2 GNL3GNL3E2IG3NSFUNCTION May be required to maintain the proliferative capacity of stem cells. Stabilizes MDM2 by preventing its ubiquitination, and hence proteasomal degradation (By similarity).SUBUNIT Interacts with MDM2; this interaction stabilizes MDM2. Interaction with MDM2 occurs in the nucleoplasm and is triggered by a nucleolar release mechanism, such as mitosis-induced nucleolar disassembly (By similarity). Indirectly interacts with TP53, via MDM2-binding (By similarity).TISSUE SPECIFICITY Increased levels in lung tissue in cancer patients.DOMAIN The basic domain (B) allows nucleolar localization in the absence of GTP. The intermediate domain (I) inhibits nucleolar localization by the B domain and is required for exit from the nucleolus. Exit from the nucleolus to the nucleoplasm requires both the I and the acidic (A) domains, and may be triggered by GTP hydrolysis (By similarity).DOMAIN In contrast to other GTP-binding proteins, this family is characterized by a circular permutation of the GTPase motifs described by a G4-G1-G3 pattern.SIMILARITY Belongs to the TRAFAC class YlqF/YawG GTPase family.UniProtQ9BVP21EQUAL549EQUALReactome Database ID Release 758869324Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8869324ReactomeR-HSA-88693242Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8869324.21DDX21Nucleolar RNA helicase 2 ecNumber3.6.4.13/ecNumberDDX21_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 5250652UniProt:Q9NR30 DDX21DDX21FUNCTION RNA helicase that acts as a sensor of the transcriptional status of both RNA polymerase (Pol) I and II: promotes ribosomal RNA (rRNA) processing and transcription from polymerase II (Pol II) (PubMed:25470060, PubMed:28790157). Binds various RNAs, such as rRNAs, snoRNAs, 7SK and, at lower extent, mRNAs (PubMed:25470060). In the nucleolus, localizes to rDNA locus, where it directly binds rRNAs and snoRNAs, and promotes rRNA transcription, processing and modification. Required for rRNA 2'-O-methylation, possibly by promoting the recruitment of late-acting snoRNAs SNORD56 and SNORD58 with pre-ribosomal complexes (PubMed:25470060, PubMed:25477391). In the nucleoplasm, binds 7SK RNA and is recruited to the promoters of Pol II-transcribed genes: acts by facilitating the release of P-TEFb from inhibitory 7SK snRNP in a manner that is dependent on its helicase activity, thereby promoting transcription of its target genes (PubMed:25470060). Functions as cofactor for JUN-activated transcription: required for phosphorylation of JUN at 'Ser-77' (PubMed:11823437, PubMed:25260534). Can unwind double-stranded RNA (helicase) and can fold or introduce a secondary structure to a single-stranded RNA (foldase) (PubMed:9461305). Together with SIRT7, required to prevent R-loop-associated DNA damage and transcription-associated genomic instability: deacetylation by SIRT7 activates the helicase activity, thereby overcoming R-loop-mediated stalling of RNA polymerases (PubMed:28790157). Involved in rRNA processing (PubMed:14559904, PubMed:18180292). May bind to specific miRNA hairpins (PubMed:28431233). Component of a multi-helicase-TICAM1 complex that acts as a cytoplasmic sensor of viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and plays a role in the activation of a cascade of antiviral responses including the induction of proinflammatory cytokines via the adapter molecule TICAM1 (By similarity).ACTIVITY REGULATION Acetylation inhibits the helicase activity.SUBUNIT Homodimer; homodimerizes via its N-terminus. Found in a multi-helicase-TICAM1 complex at least composed of DHX36, DDX1, DDX21 and TICAM1; this complex exists in resting cells with or without poly(I:C) RNA ligand stimulation. Interacts (via C-terminus) with TICAM1 (via TIR domain). Interacts with DHX36 (via C-terminus); this interaction serves as bridges to TICAM1. Interacts (via C-terminus) with DDX1 (via B30.2/SPRY domain); this interaction serves as bridges to TICAM1. Component of the B-WICH complex, at least composed of SMARCA5/SNF2H, BAZ1B/WSTF, SF3B1, DEK, MYO1C, ERCC6, MYBBP1A and DDX21. Interacts with C1QBP. Interacts with JUN. Interacts with WDR46 (By similarity). Component of the B-WICH complex, at least composed of SMARCA5/SNF2H, BAZ1B/WSTF, SF3B1, DEK, MYO1C, ERCC6, MYBBP1A and DDX21. Interacts with C1QBP. Interacts with JUN (PubMed:11823437, PubMed:18180292). Interacts with WDR46 (PubMed:23848194). Interacts with MCM3AP isoform GANP (PubMed:23652018). Interacts with WDR43 (By similarity).DOMAIN The helicase and foldase activities reside in two separate domains, the helicase in the N-terminus and the foldase in the C-terminus.DOMAIN The 3 X 5 AA repeats seem to be critical for the RNA folding activity.PTM Acetylation by CREBBP/CBP inhibits the helicase activity (PubMed:28790157). Deacetylation by SIRT7 promotes the helicase activity and overcomes R-loop-mediated stalling of RNA polymerases (PubMed:28790157).MISCELLANEOUS Autoantibodies against DDX21 are found in patients with watermelon stomach disease, which is characterized by prominent stripes of ectatic vascular tissue in the stomach similar to stripes on a watermelon.SIMILARITY Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DDX21/DDX50 subfamily.UniProtQ9NR301EQUAL783EQUALReactome Database ID Release 755250652Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=5250652ReactomeR-HSA-52506521Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-5250652.111Reactome Database ID Release 758869320Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8869320ReactomeR-HSA-88693202Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8869320.2ACTIVATIONReactome Database ID Release 758949019Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8949019ReactomeR-HSA-89490191Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8949019.1LEFT-TO-RIGHT12S pre-rRNA is nucleolytically processed to yield 5.8S rRNAThe 12S pre-rRNA is nucleolytically cleaved to yield 5.8S rRNA. C1D, MPHOSPH6 (MPP6), and EXOSC10 (Pm/Scl-100) of the exosome associate and, together with SKIV2L2 (MTR4), are required for 3' processing of mature 5.8S rRNA therefore the exonuclease activity of the exosome seems to be involved (Schilders et al. 2007). Similarly, the DIS3 subunit of the nuclear exosome is required for production of 5.8S rRNA (Tomecki et al. 2010) and the 3'-5' exoribonuclease ISG20L2 (Coute et al. 2008) are also required for production of 5.8S rRNA from 12S pre-rRNA. As inferred from the mouse homolog, the 3'-5' exonuclease ERI1 also plays a role in trimming the 3' end of pre-5.8S rRNA (Ansel et al. 2008).Authored: May, Bruce, 2015-08-16Reviewed: Vincent, Nicholas G, 2016-01-30Edited: May, Bruce, 2015-08-1660S ribosomal complexReactome DB_ID: 72499L1RPL460S ribosomal protein L4Reactome DB_ID: 72474UniProt:P36578 RPL4RPL4RPL1SUBUNIT May bind IPO9 with low affinity. Interacts with RBM3 (By similarity).PTM Citrullinated by PADI4.SIMILARITY Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL4 family.UniProtP365782EQUAL427EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7572474Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72474ReactomeR-HSA-724741Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72474.11RPL1560S ribosomal protein L15P39030Reactome DB_ID: 72416UniProt:P61313 RPL15RPL15EC45TCBAP0781SUBUNIT Interacts with IFIT1 (via TPR repeats 1-4).SIMILARITY Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL15 family.UniProtP613131EQUAL204EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7572416Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72416ReactomeR-HSA-724161Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72416.11RPL3460S ribosomal protein L34P49207Reactome DB_ID: 72458UniProt:P49207 RPL34RPL34FUNCTION Component of the large ribosomal subunit.SUBUNIT Component of the large ribosomal subunit.SIMILARITY Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL34 family.UniProtP492072EQUAL117EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7572458Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72458ReactomeR-HSA-724581Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72458.1128S rRNAReactome DB_ID: 724981EQUAL5025EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7572498Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72498ReactomeR-HSA-724981Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72498.11RPL13A60S ribosomal protein L13a23 kDa highly basic proteinReactome DB_ID: 72412UniProt:P40429 RPL13ARPL13AFUNCTION Associated with ribosomes but is not required for canonical ribosome function and has extra-ribosomal functions. Component of the GAIT (gamma interferon-activated inhibitor of translation) complex which mediates interferon-gamma-induced transcript-selective translation inhibition in inflammation processes. Upon interferon-gamma activation and subsequent phosphorylation dissociates from the ribosome and assembles into the GAIT complex which binds to stem loop-containing GAIT elements in the 3'-UTR of diverse inflammatory mRNAs (such as ceruplasmin) and suppresses their translation. In the GAIT complex interacts with m7G cap-bound eIF4G at or near the eIF3-binding site and blocks the recruitment of the 43S ribosomal complex. Involved in methylation of rRNA.SUBUNIT Component of the 60S ribosome. Component of the GAIT complex. Interacts with EIF4G1.PTM Phosphorylation at Ser-77 upon interferon-gamma treatment in monocytes involves a DAPK1-DAPK3 kinase cascade and is causing release from the ribosome, association with the GAIT complex and subsequent involvement in transcript-selective translation inhibition.PTM Citrullinated by PADI4.SIMILARITY Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL13 family.UniProtP404292EQUAL203EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7572412Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72412ReactomeR-HSA-724121Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72412.11Converted from EntitySet in ReactomeRPL10,RPL10LReactome DB_ID: 8868854RPL1060S ribosomal protein L10QM proteinTumor suppressor QMLaminin receptor homologReactome DB_ID: 72402UniProt:P27635 RPL10RPL10DXS648EQMFUNCTION Component of the large ribosomal subunit (PubMed:26290468). Plays a role in the formation of actively translating ribosomes (PubMed:26290468). May play a role in the embryonic brain development (PubMed:25316788).SUBUNIT Component of the large ribosomal subunit. Mature ribosomes consist of a small (40S) and a large (60S) subunit. The 40S subunit contains about 33 different proteins and 1 molecule of RNA (18S). The 60S subunit contains about 49 different proteins and 3 molecules of RNA (28S, 5.8S and 5S).DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE Down-regulated during adipocyte, kidney, and heart differentiation.PTM Citrullinated by PADI4.PTM Ufmylated by UFL1.SIMILARITY Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL16 family.UniProtP276352EQUAL214EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7572402Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72402ReactomeR-HSA-724021Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72402.1RPL10L60S ribosomal protein L10-likeRL10L_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 8868799UniProt:Q96L21 RPL10LRPL10LFUNCTION May play a role in compensating for the inactivated X-linked gene during spermatogenesis.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Testis specific.MISCELLANEOUS This gene has no introns in its coding regions, and therefore was most likely produced by retrotransposition of the original X-linked gene during evolution.SIMILARITY Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL16 family.UniProtQ96L212EQUAL214EQUALReactome Database ID Release 758868799Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8868799ReactomeR-HSA-88687992Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8868799.2Reactome Database ID Release 758868854Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8868854ReactomeR-HSA-88688542Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8868854.21RPLP160S acidic ribosomal protein P1P05386Reactome DB_ID: 72398UniProt:P05386 RPLP1RPLP1RRP1FUNCTION Plays an important role in the elongation step of protein synthesis.SUBUNIT Heterodimer with RPLP2 at the lateral ribosomal stalk of the large ribosomal subunit.SIMILARITY Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein P1/P2 family.UniProtP053862EQUAL114EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7572398Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72398ReactomeR-HSA-723981Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72398.11RPL2860S ribosomal protein L28P46779Reactome DB_ID: 72444UniProt:P46779 RPL28RPL28FUNCTION Component of the large ribosomal subunit.SUBUNIT Component of the large ribosomal subunit.SIMILARITY Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL28 family.UniProtP467792EQUAL137EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7572444Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72444ReactomeR-HSA-724441Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72444.11L17RPL2360S ribosomal protein L23Reactome DB_ID: 72430UniProt:P62829 RPL23RPL23SIMILARITY Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL14 family.UniProtP628291EQUAL140EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7572430Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72430ReactomeR-HSA-724301Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72430.11L10ERPLP060S acidic ribosomal protein P0Reactome DB_ID: 72396UniProt:P05388 RPLP0RPLP0FUNCTION Ribosomal protein P0 is the functional equivalent of E.coli protein L10.SUBUNIT P0 forms a pentameric complex by interaction with dimers of P1 and P2 (PubMed:3323886). Identified in a IGF2BP1-dependent mRNP granule complex containing untranslated mRNAs (PubMed:17289661). Interacts with APEX1 (PubMed:19188445). Interacts with FMR1 isoform 6 (PubMed:24658146).SIMILARITY Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL10 family.UniProtP053881EQUAL317EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7572396Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72396ReactomeR-HSA-723961Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72396.11HG12RPL4160S ribosomal protein L41Reactome DB_ID: 72478UniProt:P62945 RPL41RPL41FUNCTION Interacts with the beta subunit of protein kinase CKII and stimulates phosphorylation of DNA topoisomerase II alpha by CKII.SIMILARITY Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL41 family.CAUTION There are multiple pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome.UniProtP629451EQUAL25EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7572478Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72478ReactomeR-HSA-724781Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72478.11RPL3660S ribosomal protein L36Q9Y3U8Reactome DB_ID: 72464UniProt:Q9Y3U8 RPL36RPL36FUNCTION Component of the large ribosomal subunit.SUBUNIT Component of the large ribosomal subunit.SIMILARITY Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL36 family.UniProtQ9Y3U82EQUAL105EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7572464Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72464ReactomeR-HSA-724641Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72464.11Converted from EntitySet in ReactomeRPL26,RPL26L1Reactome DB_ID: 8868827RPL2660S ribosomal protein L26Q02877Reactome DB_ID: 72436UniProt:P61254 RPL26RPL26FUNCTION Component of the large ribosomal subunit.SUBUNIT Component of the large ribosomal subunit (Probable). Interacts with DHX33 (PubMed:26100019).PTM Ufmylated by UFL1 in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress, promoting reticulophagy of endoplasmic reticulum sheets.SIMILARITY Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL24 family.UniProtP612541EQUAL145EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7572436Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72436ReactomeR-HSA-724361Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72436.1Q9UNX3RPL26L160S ribosomal protein L26-like 1Reactome DB_ID: 72438UniProt:Q9UNX3 RPL26L1RPL26L1RPL26P1SIMILARITY Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL24 family.UniProtQ9UNX31EQUAL145EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7572438Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72438ReactomeR-HSA-724381Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72438.1Reactome Database ID Release 758868827Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8868827ReactomeR-HSA-88688272Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8868827.21RPL2760S ribosomal protein L27P08526Reactome DB_ID: 72440UniProt:P61353 RPL27RPL27FUNCTION Component of the large ribosomal subunit (PubMed:12962325, PubMed:23636399, PubMed:25957688, PubMed:25901680). Required for proper rRNA processing and maturation of 28S and 5.8S rRNAs (PubMed:25424902).SUBUNIT Component of the large ribosomal subunit (PubMed:12962325, PubMed:23636399, PubMed:25957688, PubMed:25901680). Interacts with RRP1B (PubMed:20926688). Interacts with DHX33 (PubMed:26100019).SIMILARITY Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL27 family.UniProtP613531EQUAL136EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7572440Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72440ReactomeR-HSA-724401Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72440.11RPL23A60S ribosomal protein L23aP29316Reactome DB_ID: 72432UniProt:P62750 RPL23ARPL23AFUNCTION Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell. Binds a specific region on the 26S rRNA. May promote p53/TP53 degradation possibly through the stimulation of MDM2-mediated TP53 polyubiquitination (PubMed:26203195).SUBUNIT Interacts with LYAR and GNL2 (PubMed:26203195). Interacts with MDM2; this interaction may promote MDM2-mediated p53/TP53 polyubiquitination (PubMed:26203195).INDUCTION May be down-regulated by GNL2 (at protein level).PTM N-terminus is methylated by METTL11A/NTM1.PTM Citrullinated by PADI4.SIMILARITY Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL23 family.UniProtP627502EQUAL156EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7572432Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72432ReactomeR-HSA-724321Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72432.11RPL27A60S ribosomal protein L27aP46776Reactome DB_ID: 72442UniProt:P46776 RPL27ARPL27APTM Hydroxylated on His-39 by MINA.SIMILARITY Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL15 family.UniProtP467762EQUAL148EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7572442Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72442ReactomeR-HSA-724421Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72442.11L23RPL1760S ribosomal protein L17Reactome DB_ID: 72418UniProt:P18621 RPL17RPL17FUNCTION Component of the large ribosomal subunit.SUBUNIT Component of the large ribosomal subunit.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Expressed in pancreas, lung, colon, cystic duct, gall bladder, kidney and liver. Expressed at high levels in the well differentiated pancreatic tumor cell lines HPAF, COLO 357 and Capan-1, the moderately differentiated pancreatic tumor cell lines T3M-4, AsPc-1 and BxPc-3, the poorly differentiated pancreatic tumor cell line MIA PaCa-2, and the pancreatic tumor cell lines of undefined differentiation status such as SW979. Expressed at lower levels in the poorly differentiated pancreatic tumor cell lines HCG-25 and PANC-1.SIMILARITY Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL22 family.UniProtP186212EQUAL184EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7572418Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72418ReactomeR-HSA-724181Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72418.11RPL960S ribosomal protein L9 P32969Reactome DB_ID: 72492UniProt:P32969 RPL9RPL9OK/SW-cl.103RPL9P7RPL9P8RPL9P9SIMILARITY Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL6 family.UniProtP329691EQUAL192EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7572492Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72492ReactomeR-HSA-724921Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72492.11RPL1960S ribosomal protein L19P14118Reactome DB_ID: 72424UniProt:P84098 RPL19RPL19PTM Citrullinated by PADI4.SIMILARITY Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL19 family.UniProtP840981EQUAL196EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7572424Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72424ReactomeR-HSA-724241Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72424.11RPL3060S ribosomal protein L30P04645Reactome DB_ID: 72452UniProt:P62888 RPL30RPL30SIMILARITY Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL30 family.UniProtP628881EQUAL115EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7572452Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72452ReactomeR-HSA-724521Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72452.11RPL2160S ribosomal protein L21P46778Reactome DB_ID: 72426UniProt:P46778 RPL21RPL21FUNCTION Component of the large ribosomal subunit.SUBUNIT Component of the large ribosomal subunit.SIMILARITY Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL21 family.UniProtP467782EQUAL160EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7572426Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72426ReactomeR-HSA-724261Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72426.11RPL860S ribosomal protein L8P25120Reactome DB_ID: 72490UniProt:P62917 RPL8RPL8FUNCTION Component of the large ribosomal subunit.SUBUNIT Component of the large ribosomal subunit (Probable). Interacts with CRY1 (By similarity).PTM Hydroxylated on His-216 by RIOX1. The modification is impaired by hypoxia.MISCELLANEOUS This protein can be partially incorporated into E.coli polysomes in vivo, indicating it can replace the endogenous protein.SIMILARITY Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL2 family.UniProtP629172EQUAL257EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7572490Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72490ReactomeR-HSA-724901Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72490.115S rRNAReactome DB_ID: 72494EMBL:V00589 5S rRNA5S rRNAEMBLV00589Reactome Database ID Release 7572494Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72494ReactomeR-HSA-724941Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72494.11RPL1460S ribosomal protein L14CAG-ISL 7Reactome DB_ID: 72414UniProt:P50914 RPL14RPL14FUNCTION Component of the large ribosomal subunit.SUBUNIT Component of the large ribosomal subunit.POLYMORPHISM The poly-Ala stretch is highly polymorphic.SIMILARITY Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL14 family.UniProtP509142EQUAL215EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7572414Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72414ReactomeR-HSA-724141Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72414.11RPL1260S ribosomal protein L12P30050Reactome DB_ID: 72408UniProt:P30050 RPL12RPL12FUNCTION Binds directly to 26S ribosomal RNA.SIMILARITY Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL11 family.UniProtP300501EQUAL165EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7572408Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72408ReactomeR-HSA-724081Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72408.11RPL760S ribosomal protein L7P18124Reactome DB_ID: 72486UniProt:P18124 RPL7RPL7FUNCTION Component of the large ribosomal subunit (PubMed:12962325). Binds to G-rich structures in 28S rRNA and in mRNAs. Plays a regulatory role in the translation apparatus; inhibits cell-free translation of mRNAs.SUBUNIT Component of the large ribosomal subunit (Probable). Homodimer. Interacts with DHX33 (PubMed:26100019).SIMILARITY Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL30 family.UniProtP181241EQUAL248EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7572486Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72486ReactomeR-HSA-724861Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72486.11RPL1160S ribosomal protein L11P39026Reactome DB_ID: 72406UniProt:P62913 RPL11RPL11FUNCTION Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell. The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain. The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through a tunnel in the LSU and interact with protein factors that function in enzymatic processing, targeting, and the membrane insertion of nascent chains at the exit of the ribosomal tunnel. As part of the 5S RNP/5S ribonucleoprotein particle it is an essential component of the LSU, required for its formation and the maturation of rRNAs (PubMed:19061985, PubMed:12962325, PubMed:24120868). It also couples ribosome biogenesis to p53/TP53 activation. As part of the 5S RNP it accumulates in the nucleoplasm and inhibits MDM2, when ribosome biogenesis is perturbed, mediating the stabilization and the activation of TP53 (PubMed:24120868). Promotes nucleolar location of PML (By similarity).SUBUNIT Component of the large ribosomal subunit (LSU). Part of a LSU subcomplex, the 5S RNP which is composed of the 5S RNA, RPL5 and RPL11 (PubMed:24120868). Interacts with PML (By similarity). Interacts with MDM2; negatively regulates MDM2-mediated TP53 ubiquitination and degradation (PubMed:24120868). Interacts with NOP53; retains RPL11 into the nucleolus (PubMed:24556985, PubMed:27829214).SIMILARITY Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL5 family.UniProtP629132EQUAL178EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7572406Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72406ReactomeR-HSA-724061Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72406.11RPL660S ribosomal protein L6TAX-responsive enhancer element binding protein 107TAXREB107Neoplasm-related protein C140Reactome DB_ID: 72484UniProt:Q02878 RPL6RPL6TXREB1FUNCTION Component of the large ribosomal subunit.FUNCTION (Microbial infection) Specifically binds to domain C of the Tax-responsive enhancer element in the long terminal repeat of HTLV-I (PubMed:8457378).SUBUNIT Component of the large ribosomal subunit (PubMed:12962325, PubMed:23636399, PubMed:25957688, PubMed:25901680). May bind IPO9 with low affinity (By similarity).SIMILARITY Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL6 family.UniProtQ028782EQUAL288EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7572484Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72484ReactomeR-HSA-724841Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72484.11RPL560S ribosomal protein L5P46777Reactome DB_ID: 72482UniProt:P46777 RPL5RPL5MSTP030FUNCTION Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell. The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain. The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through a tunnel in the LSU and interact with protein factors that function in enzymatic processing, targeting, and the membrane insertion of nascent chains at the exit of the ribosomal tunnel. As part of the 5S RNP/5S ribonucleoprotein particle it is an essential component of the LSU, required for its formation and the maturation of rRNAs (PubMed:12962325, PubMed:19061985, PubMed:24120868, PubMed:23636399). It also couples ribosome biogenesis to p53/TP53 activation. As part of the 5S RNP it accumulates in the nucleoplasm and inhibits MDM2, when ribosome biogenesis is perturbed, mediating the stabilization and the activation of TP53 (PubMed:24120868).SUBUNIT Component of the large ribosomal subunit (LSU). Part of a LSU subcomplex, the 5S RNP which is composed of the 5S RNA, RPL5 and RPL11 (PubMed:24120868). Interacts with isoform 1 of NVL in an ATP-dependent manner (PubMed:15469983). Interacts with RRP1B (PubMed:20926688).SIMILARITY Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL18 family.UniProtP467772EQUAL297EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7572482Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72482ReactomeR-HSA-724821Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72482.11RPLP260S acidic ribosomal protein P2P05387Reactome DB_ID: 72400UniProt:P05387 RPLP2RPLP2D11S2243ERPP2FUNCTION Plays an important role in the elongation step of protein synthesis.SUBUNIT Heterodimer with RPLP1 at the lateral ribosomal stalk of the large ribosomal subunit.SIMILARITY Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein P1/P2 family.UniProtP053871EQUAL115EQUALReactome Database ID Release 7572400Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=72400ReactomeR-HSA-724001Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-72400.11Converted from EntitySet in ReactomeRPL3,RPL3LReactome DB_ID: 8868851RPL360S ribosomal protein L3<