BioPAX pathway converted from "PIP3:BTK:G beta-gamma complex dissociates to Active BTK, PIP3 and G beta-gamma complex" in the Reactome database.LEFT-TO-RIGHTPIP3:BTK:G beta-gamma complex dissociates to Active BTK, PIP3 and G beta-gamma complexG-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCR) sense extracellular signals and activate different Guanine nucleotide binding proteins (G-proteins) that have alpha, beta and gamma subunits. Upon activation, the alpha subunit of G-proteins dissociates from beta-gamma and the both are then free to regulate downstream effectors. G-protein beta-gamma complex, along with phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3), recruits the non-receptor Tyrosine-protein kinase BTK to the cell membrane. Here, the G-protein beta-gamma complex activates BTK. Once active, BTK dissociates from PIP3 and G-protein beta-gamma complex and is released to the cytoplasm to phosphorylate downstream substrates. Physiologically, BTK plays a key role in B lymphocyte development, differentiation and signalling.Authored: Varusai, Thawfeek, 2017-07-27Reviewed: Huang, Xin-Yun, 2018-09-13Edited: Varusai, Thawfeek, 2017-07-27PIP3:Active BTK:G-protein beta-gamma complexReactome DB_ID: 8964267plasma membraneGENE ONTOLOGYGO:0005886BTK_HUMANActive BTKTyrosine-protein kinase BTKReactome DB_ID: 8964323cytosolGENE ONTOLOGYGO:0005829UniProt:Q06187 BTKBTKAGMX1ATKBPKFUNCTION Non-receptor tyrosine kinase indispensable for B lymphocyte development, differentiation and signaling. Binding of antigen to the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) triggers signaling that ultimately leads to B-cell activation. After BCR engagement and activation at the plasma membrane, phosphorylates PLCG2 at several sites, igniting the downstream signaling pathway through calcium mobilization, followed by activation of the protein kinase C (PKC) family members. PLCG2 phosphorylation is performed in close cooperation with the adapter protein B-cell linker protein BLNK. BTK acts as a platform to bring together a diverse array of signaling proteins and is implicated in cytokine receptor signaling pathways. Plays an important role in the function of immune cells of innate as well as adaptive immunity, as a component of the Toll-like receptors (TLR) pathway. The TLR pathway acts as a primary surveillance system for the detection of pathogens and are crucial to the activation of host defense. Especially, is a critical molecule in regulating TLR9 activation in splenic B-cells. Within the TLR pathway, induces tyrosine phosphorylation of TIRAP which leads to TIRAP degradation. BTK plays also a critical role in transcription regulation. Induces the activity of NF-kappa-B, which is involved in regulating the expression of hundreds of genes. BTK is involved on the signaling pathway linking TLR8 and TLR9 to NF-kappa-B. Transiently phosphorylates transcription factor GTF2I on tyrosine residues in response to BCR. GTF2I then translocates to the nucleus to bind regulatory enhancer elements to modulate gene expression. ARID3A and NFAT are other transcriptional target of BTK. BTK is required for the formation of functional ARID3A DNA-binding complexes. There is however no evidence that BTK itself binds directly to DNA. BTK has a dual role in the regulation of apoptosis.ACTIVITY REGULATION Activated by phosphorylation. In primary B lymphocytes, is almost always non-phosphorylated and is thus catalytically inactive. Stimulation of TLR8 and TLR9 causes BTK activation. As a negative feedback mechanism to fine-tune BCR signaling, activated PRKCB down-modulates BTK function via direct phosphorylation of BTK at Ser-180, resulting in translocation of BTK back to the cytoplasmic fraction. PIN1, SH3BP5, and IBTK were also identified as BTK activity inhibitors. Interaction with CAV1 leads to dramatic down-regulation of the kinase activity of BTK. LFM-13A is a specific inhibitor of BTK. Dasatinib, a cancer drug acting as a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, also blocks BTK activity.SUBUNIT Binds GTF2I through the PH domain. Interacts with SH3BP5 via the SH3 domain. Interacts with IBTK via its PH domain. Interacts with ARID3A, CAV1, FASLG, PIN1, TLR8 and TLR9.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Predominantly expressed in B-lymphocytes.DOMAIN The PH domain mediates the binding to inositol polyphosphate and phosphoinositides, leading to its targeting to the plasma membrane. It is extended in the BTK kinase family by a region designated the TH (Tec homology) domain, which consists of about 80 residues preceding the SH3 domain.PTM Following B-cell receptor (BCR) engagement, translocates to the plasma membrane where it gets phosphorylated at Tyr-551 by LYN and SYK. Phosphorylation at Tyr-551 is followed by autophosphorylation of Tyr-223 which may create a docking site for a SH2 containing protein. Phosphorylation at Ser-180 by PRKCB, leads in translocation of BTK back to the cytoplasmic fraction. Phosphorylation at Ser-21 and Ser-115 creates a binding site for PIN1 at these Ser-Pro motifs, and promotes it's recruitment.SIMILARITY Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Tyr protein kinase family. TEC subfamily.Homo sapiensNCBI Taxonomy9606UniProtQ061872EQUAL659EQUALReactome Database ID Release 718964323Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8964323ReactomeR-HSA-89643231Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8964323.1Reactomehttp://www.reactome.org1PIP3PI(3,4,5)P31-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4,5-trisphosphatePhosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphateReactome DB_ID: 1798381-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate [ChEBI:16618]1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4,5-trisphosphatePIP3ChEBICHEBI:16618Reactome Database ID Release 71179838Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=179838ReactomeR-ALL-1798383Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-179838.31G-protein beta-gamma complexReactome DB_ID: 167434Converted from EntitySet in ReactomeGNBG-protein beta subunitReactome DB_ID: 6814413GNB1G-protein beta-1 subunitReactome DB_ID: 6814412UniProt:P62873 GNB1GNB1FUNCTION Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction.SUBUNIT G proteins are composed of 3 units, alpha, beta and gamma. Interacts with ARHGEF18 and RASD2 (PubMed:14512443, PubMed:19255495). The heterodimer formed by GNB1 and GNG2 interacts with ARHGEF5 (PubMed:19713215).PTM Phosphorylation at His-266 by NDKB contributes to G protein activation by increasing the high energetic phosphate transfer onto GDP.SIMILARITY Belongs to the WD repeat G protein beta family.UniProtP628732EQUAL340EQUALReactome Database ID Release 716814412Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6814412ReactomeR-HSA-68144121Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6814412.1GNB2G-protein beta-2 subunitReactome DB_ID: 6814421UniProt:P62879 GNB2GNB2FUNCTION Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction.SUBUNIT G proteins are composed of 3 units, alpha, beta and gamma. Interacts with ARHGEF18 and RASD2. Interacts with ATXN10. Interacts with SCN8A (PubMed:26900580).SIMILARITY Belongs to the WD repeat G protein beta family.UniProtP628792EQUAL340EQUALReactome Database ID Release 716814421Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6814421ReactomeR-HSA-68144211Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6814421.1GNB3G-protein beta-3 subunitReactome DB_ID: 6814414UniProt:P16520 GNB3GNB3FUNCTION Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction.SUBUNIT G proteins are composed of 3 units, alpha, beta and gamma. Interacts with RASD2.SIMILARITY Belongs to the WD repeat G protein beta family.UniProtP165201EQUAL340EQUALReactome Database ID Release 716814414Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6814414ReactomeR-HSA-68144141Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6814414.1GNB4G-protein beta-4 subunitReactome DB_ID: 6814417UniProt:Q9HAV0 GNB4GNB4FUNCTION Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction.SUBUNIT G proteins are composed of 3 units, alpha, beta and gamma.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Strongly expressed in lung and placenta, whereas it is weakly expressed in brain and heart. Abundantly expressed in the axons and Schwann cells of peripheral nerves.SIMILARITY Belongs to the WD repeat G protein beta family.UniProtQ9HAV02EQUAL340EQUALReactome Database ID Release 716814417Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6814417ReactomeR-HSA-68144171Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6814417.1GNB5G-protein beta-5 subunitReactome DB_ID: 6814416UniProt:O14775 GNB5GNB5FUNCTION Enhances GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity of regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins, hence involved in the termination of the signaling initiated by the G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) by accelerating the GTP hydrolysis on the G-alpha subunits, thereby promoting their inactivation (Probable). Increases RGS9 GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity, hence contributes to the deactivation of G protein signaling initiated by D(2) dopamine receptors (PubMed:27677260). May play an important role in neuronal signaling, including in the parasympathetic, but not sympathetic, control of heart rate (By similarity).SUBUNIT Component of a complex composed of RGS9 (isoform RGS9-1), GNB5 and RGS9BP; within this complex, the presence of GNB5 stabilizes both itself and RGS9 and increases RGS9 GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity (By similarity) (PubMed:27677260). Interacts with RGS6 and RGS7 (PubMed:10339615, PubMed:10521509).TISSUE SPECIFICITY Widely expressed.SIMILARITY Belongs to the WD repeat G protein beta family.UniProtO147751EQUAL395EQUALReactome Database ID Release 716814416Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6814416ReactomeR-HSA-68144161Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6814416.1Reactome Database ID Release 716814413Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=6814413ReactomeR-HSA-68144131Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-6814413.11Converted from EntitySet in ReactomeG-protein gamma subunitReactome DB_ID: 167442GNG2G-protein gamma 2 (GBG2) subunitReactome DB_ID: 164380UniProt:P59768 GNG2GNG2FUNCTION Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction (By similarity).SUBUNIT G proteins are composed of 3 units, alpha, beta and gamma (By similarity). The heterodimer formed by GNB1 and GNG2 interacts with ARHGEF5 (PubMed:19713215).TISSUE SPECIFICITY Expressed in fetal tissues, including testis, adrenal gland, brain, white blood cells and brain.SIMILARITY Belongs to the G protein gamma family.UniProtP597682EQUAL68EQUALReactome Database ID Release 71164380Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=164380ReactomeR-HSA-1643801Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-164380.1GNG3G-protein gamma 3 (GBG3) subunitReactome DB_ID: 164376UniProt:P63215 GNG3GNG3GNGT3FUNCTION Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction.SUBUNIT G proteins are composed of 3 units, alpha, beta and gamma. Interacts with SCN8A (PubMed:26900580).SIMILARITY Belongs to the G protein gamma family.UniProtP632151EQUAL72EQUALReactome Database ID Release 71164376Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=164376ReactomeR-HSA-1643761Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-164376.1GNG4G-protein gamma 4 (GBG4) subunitReactome DB_ID: 164350UniProt:P50150 GNG4GNG4GNGT4FUNCTION Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction.SUBUNIT G proteins are composed of 3 units, alpha, beta and gamma. Interacts with beta-1 and beta-2, but not with beta-3 (PubMed:7665596). Interacts with KCNK1 (By similarity).TISSUE SPECIFICITY Brain, kidney, pancreas, skeletal muscle and faintly in cardiac muscle.SIMILARITY Belongs to the G protein gamma family.UniProtP501501EQUAL72EQUALReactome Database ID Release 71164350Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=164350ReactomeR-HSA-1643501Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-164350.1GNG5G-protein gamma 5 (GBG5) subunitReactome DB_ID: 164383UniProt:P63218 GNG5GNG5GNGT5FUNCTION Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction.SUBUNIT G proteins are composed of 3 units, alpha, beta and gamma.SIMILARITY Belongs to the G protein gamma family.UniProtP632182EQUAL65EQUALReactome Database ID Release 71164383Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=164383ReactomeR-HSA-1643831Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-164383.1GNG7G-protein gamma 7 (GBG7) subunitReactome DB_ID: 164325UniProt:O60262 GNG7GNG7GNGT7FUNCTION Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction. Plays a role in the regulation of adenylyl cyclase signaling in certain regions of the brain. Plays a role in the formation or stabilzation of a G protein heterotrimer (G(olf) subunit alpha-beta-gamma-7) that is required for adenylyl cyclase activity in the striatum (By similarity).SUBUNIT G proteins are composed of 3 units, alpha, beta and gamma.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Expressed in a variety of tissues. Down-regulated in pancreatic and esophageal cancer.SIMILARITY Belongs to the G protein gamma family.UniProtO602622EQUAL65EQUALReactome Database ID Release 71164325Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=164325ReactomeR-HSA-1643251Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-164325.1GNG8G-protein gamma 8 (GBG8) subunitReactome DB_ID: 164371UniProt:Q9UK08 GNG8GNG8GNG9GNGT9FUNCTION Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction.SUBUNIT G proteins are composed of 3 units, alpha, beta and gamma.SIMILARITY Belongs to the G protein gamma family.UniProtQ9UK081EQUAL67EQUALReactome Database ID Release 71164371Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=164371ReactomeR-HSA-1643711Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-164371.1GNGT2G-protein gamma 9 (GBGT2) subunitReactome DB_ID: 167440UniProt:O14610 GNGT2GNGT2GNG8GNG9GNGT8FUNCTION Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction.SUBUNIT G proteins are composed of 3 units, alpha, beta and gamma.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Retinal cones.SIMILARITY Belongs to the G protein gamma family.UniProtO146101EQUAL66EQUALReactome Database ID Release 71167440Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=167440ReactomeR-HSA-1674401Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-167440.1GNG10G-protein gamma10 (GBG10) subunitReactome DB_ID: 164344UniProt:P50151 GNG10GNG10GNGT10FUNCTION Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction. Interacts with beta-1 and beta-2, but not with beta-3.SUBUNIT G proteins are composed of 3 units, alpha, beta and gamma.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Abundantly and ubiquitously expressed.SIMILARITY Belongs to the G protein gamma family.UniProtP501511EQUAL65EQUALReactome Database ID Release 71164344Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=164344ReactomeR-HSA-1643441Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-164344.1GNG11G-protein gamma 11 (GBG11) subunitReactome DB_ID: 164329UniProt:P61952 GNG11GNG11GNGT11FUNCTION Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction.SUBUNIT G proteins are composed of 3 units, alpha, beta and gamma. Interacts with beta-1 and beta-3, but not with beta-2.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Abundantly expressed in all tissues tested except for brain.SIMILARITY Belongs to the G protein gamma family.UniProtP619521EQUAL70EQUALReactome Database ID Release 71164329Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=164329ReactomeR-HSA-1643291Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-164329.1GNG12G-protein gamma12 (GBG12) subunitReactome DB_ID: 164367UniProt:Q9UBI6 GNG12GNG12FUNCTION Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction.SUBUNIT G proteins are composed of 3 units, alpha, beta and gamma.SIMILARITY Belongs to the G protein gamma family.UniProtQ9UBI62EQUAL69EQUALReactome Database ID Release 71164367Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=164367ReactomeR-HSA-1643671Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-164367.1GNG13G-protein gamma 13 (GBG13) subunitReactome DB_ID: 164346UniProt:Q9P2W3 GNG13GNG13FUNCTION Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction.SUBUNIT G proteins are composed of 3 units, alpha, beta and gamma.SIMILARITY Belongs to the G protein gamma family.UniProtQ9P2W31EQUAL64EQUALReactome Database ID Release 71164346Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=164346ReactomeR-HSA-1643461Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-164346.1GNGT1G-protein gamma 1(GBG1) subunitReactome DB_ID: 167428UniProt:P63211 GNGT1GNGT1FUNCTION Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction.SUBUNIT G proteins are composed of 3 units, alpha, beta and gamma.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Retinal rod outer segment.SIMILARITY Belongs to the G protein gamma family.UniProtP632112EQUAL71EQUALReactome Database ID Release 71167428Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=167428ReactomeR-HSA-1674281Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-167428.1Reactome Database ID Release 71167442Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=167442ReactomeR-HSA-1674422Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-167442.21Reactome Database ID Release 71167434Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=167434ReactomeR-HSA-1674343Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-167434.31Reactome Database ID Release 718964267Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8964267ReactomeR-HSA-89642671Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8964267.1Reactome Database ID Release 718964317Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8964317ReactomeR-HSA-89643171Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-8964317.111698416Pubmed2002G Protein beta gamma subunits act on the catalytic domain to stimulate Bruton's agammaglobulinemia tyrosine kinaseLowry, William EHuang, Xin-YunJ. Biol. Chem. 277:1488-927567982Pubmed1995Activation of Tsk and Btk tyrosine kinases by G protein beta gamma subunitsLanghans-Rajasekaran, S AWan, YHuang, X YProc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92:8601-5