BioPAX pathway converted from "Vitamins B6 activation to pyridoxal phosphate" in the Reactome database.Vitamins B6 activation to pyridoxal phosphateAnimals cannot synthesize pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) which is a ligand in aminotransferases and other enzymes. PLP's accessible derivatives pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine are traditionally called vitamins B6. They are taken up nutritionally from bacteria and plants, but also created from PLP in the body. The pathways used to recycle PLP from these three compounds can therefore be called vitamin B6 activation as well as PLP salvage. Because of the close similarity of the molecules, only two enzymes are needed for the task (McCormick & Chen, 1999).Authored: Stephan, R, 2010-09-16Reviewed: D'Eustachio, P, 2010-11-08Edited: Jassal, B, 2010-09-20LEFT-TO-RIGHT2.7.1.352xPDXK:2xZn2+ phosphorylates PXLPLP results from phosphorylation of pyridoxalPyridoxal kinase (PDXK) catalyzes the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of pyridoxal (PXL) to form pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PXLP) (Lee et al. 2000, di Salvo et al. 2004).Authored: Stephan, R, 2010-09-16Reviewed: D'Eustachio, P, 2010-11-08Edited: Jassal, B, 2010-09-20PXLpyridoxalReactome DB_ID: 965131cytosolGENE ONTOLOGYGO:0005829pyridoxal [ChEBI:17310]pyridoxalChEBICHEBI:17310Reactome Database ID Release 75965131Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=965131ReactomeR-ALL-9651313Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-965131.3Reactomehttp://www.reactome.orgATPAdenosine 5'-triphosphateATP(4-)Reactome DB_ID: 113592ATP(4-) [ChEBI:30616]ATP(4-)ATPatpAdenosine 5'-triphosphateChEBICHEBI:30616Reactome Database ID Release 75113592Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=113592ReactomeR-ALL-1135924Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-113592.4COMPOUNDC00002additional informationMIMI:0361PXLPPyridoxal phosphatepyridoxal 5'-phosphatePyridoxal 5-phosphateReactome DB_ID: 29390pyridoxal 5'-phosphate [ChEBI:18405]pyridoxal 5'-phosphateChEBICHEBI:18405Reactome Database ID Release 7529390Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=29390ReactomeR-ALL-293903Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-29390.3COMPOUNDC00018ADPAdenosine 5'-diphosphateADP(3-)Reactome DB_ID: 29370ADP(3-) [ChEBI:456216]ADP(3-)ADP5'-O-[(phosphonatooxy)phosphinato]adenosineADP trianionChEBICHEBI:456216Reactome Database ID Release 7529370Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=29370ReactomeR-ALL-293704Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-29370.4COMPOUNDC00008ACTIVATION2xPDXK:2xZn2+PDXK holoenzymeReactome DB_ID: 965005PDXKPyridoxal kinaseReactome DB_ID: 965175UniProt:O00764 PDXKPDXKC21orf124C21orf97PKHPNKPRED79FUNCTION Catalyzes the phosphorylation of the dietary vitamin B6 vitamers pyridoxal (PL), pyridoxine (PN) and pyridoxamine (PM) to form pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), pyridoxine 5'-phosphate (PNP) and pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate (PMP), respectively (PubMed:9099727, PubMed:10987144, PubMed:17766369, PubMed:19351586, PubMed:31187503) (Probable). PLP is the active form of vitamin B6, and acts as a cofactor for over 140 different enzymatic reactions.ACTIVITY REGULATION Catalytic activity is inhibited competitively by 4-deoxypyridoxine, and is also inhibited by the benzodiazepine receptor ligands 1012S and ethyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate (PubMed:9099727). Inhibited by ginkgotoxin, theophylline, lamotrigine, enprofylline, theobromine, and caffeine (PubMed:22879864). Activity is increased in the presence of K(+)or Na(+) (PubMed:17766369).PATHWAY Cofactor metabolism; pyridoxal 5'-phosphate salvage; pyridoxal 5'-phosphate from pyridoxal: step 1/1.PATHWAY Cofactor metabolism; pyridoxal 5'-phosphate salvage; pyridoxine 5'-phosphate from pyridoxine: step 1/1.PATHWAY Cofactor metabolism; pyridoxal 5'-phosphate salvage; pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate from pyridoxamine: step 1/1.SUBUNIT Homodimer.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Ubiquitous (PubMed:9099727, PubMed:31187503). Highly expressed in testis (PubMed:9099727).INDUCTION Transcriptionally regulated by Sp1 transcription factor.SIMILARITY Belongs to the pyridoxine kinase family.Homo sapiensNCBI Taxonomy9606UniProtO007641EQUAL312EQUALReactome Database ID Release 75965175Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=965175ReactomeR-HSA-9651751Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-965175.12Zn2+Zn++zinc(2+)Zinc ionZn(II)Reactome DB_ID: 29426zinc(2+) [ChEBI:29105]zinc(2+)ChEBICHEBI:29105Reactome Database ID Release 7529426Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=29426ReactomeR-ALL-294263Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-29426.3COMPOUNDC000382Reactome Database ID Release 75965005Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=965005ReactomeR-HSA-9650051Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-965005.1GENE ONTOLOGYGO:0008478gene ontology term for cellular functionMIMI:0355Same Catalyst ActivityReactome Database ID Release 75965111Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=965111Reactome Database ID Release 75964970Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=964970ReactomeR-HSA-9649701Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-964970.110987144Pubmed2000Human pyridoxal kinase: overexpression and properties of the recombinant enzymeLee, HSMoon, BJChoi, SYKwon, OSMol Cells 10:452-915249053Pubmed2004Expression, purification, and kinetic constants for human and Escherichia coli pyridoxal kinasesdi Salvo, MLHunt, SSchirch, VProtein Expr Purif 36:300-6LEFT-TO-RIGHT2.7.1.35Pyridoxamine is phosphorylated2xPDXK:2xZn2+ phosphorylates PXAPyridoxal kinase (PDXK) catalyzes the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of pyridoxamine (PXA) to form pyridoxamine phosphate (PXAP) (Lee et al. 2000, di Salvo et al. 2004).Authored: Stephan, R, 2010-09-16Reviewed: D'Eustachio, P, 2010-11-08Edited: Jassal, B, 2010-09-20PXApyridoxamineReactome DB_ID: 964945pyridoxamine [ChEBI:16410]pyridoxamineChEBICHEBI:16410Reactome Database ID Release 75964945Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=964945ReactomeR-ALL-9649453Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-964945.3PXAPPyridoxamine phosphatepyridoxamine 5'-phosphateReactome DB_ID: 965146pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate [ChEBI:18335]pyridoxamine 5'-phosphateChEBICHEBI:18335Reactome Database ID Release 75965146Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=965146ReactomeR-ALL-9651463Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-965146.3ACTIVATIONReactome Database ID Release 75964958Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=964958ReactomeR-HSA-9649581Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-964958.1LEFT-TO-RIGHT2.7.1.35Pyridoxine is phosphorylated2xPDKX:2xZn2+ phosphorylates PDXPyridoxal kinase (PDXK) catalyzes the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of pyridoxine (PDX) to form pyridoxine phosphate (PDXP) (Lee et al. 2000, di Salvo et al. 2004).Authored: Stephan, R, 2010-09-16Reviewed: D'Eustachio, P, 2010-11-08Edited: Jassal, B, 2010-09-20PDXpyridoxineReactome DB_ID: 965053pyridoxine [ChEBI:16709]pyridoxineChEBICHEBI:16709Reactome Database ID Release 75965053Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=965053ReactomeR-ALL-9650533Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-965053.3PDXPPyridoxine phosphatepyridoxine 5'-phosphateReactome DB_ID: 964952pyridoxine 5'-phosphate [ChEBI:28803]pyridoxine 5'-phosphateChEBICHEBI:28803Reactome Database ID Release 75964952Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=964952ReactomeR-ALL-9649523Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-964952.3ACTIVATIONReactome Database ID Release 75964962Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=964962ReactomeR-HSA-9649621Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-964962.1LEFT-TO-RIGHT1.4.3.52xPNPO:2xFMN oxidizes PXAP to PXLPPLP from oxidation of pyridoxamine phosphatePyridoxine-5'-phosphate oxidase (PNPO) is able to oxidize pyridoxamine phosphate (PXAP) to pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PXLP) (Kang et al. 2004).Authored: Stephan, R, 2010-09-18Reviewed: D'Eustachio, P, 2010-11-08Edited: Jassal, B, 2010-09-20O2OxygendioxygenReactome DB_ID: 29368dioxygen [ChEBI:15379]dioxygenChEBICHEBI:15379Reactome Database ID Release 7529368Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=29368ReactomeR-ALL-293685Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-29368.5COMPOUNDC00007H2OwaterReactome DB_ID: 29356water [ChEBI:15377]waterChEBICHEBI:15377Reactome Database ID Release 7529356Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=29356ReactomeR-ALL-293565Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-29356.5COMPOUNDC00001NH4+ammoniumReactome DB_ID: 31633ammonium [ChEBI:28938]ammoniumChEBICHEBI:28938Reactome Database ID Release 7531633Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=31633ReactomeR-ALL-316333Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-31633.3COMPOUNDC01342H2O2hydrogen peroxideReactome DB_ID: 29408hydrogen peroxide [ChEBI:16240]hydrogen peroxideChEBICHEBI:16240Reactome Database ID Release 7529408Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=29408ReactomeR-ALL-294083Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-29408.3COMPOUNDC00027ACTIVATION2xPNPO:2xFMNPNPO holoenzymeReactome DB_ID: 964943PNPOPyridoxine-5'-phosphate oxidaseReactome DB_ID: 965023UniProt:Q9NVS9 PNPOPNPOFUNCTION Catalyzes the oxidation of either pyridoxine 5'-phosphate (PNP) or pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate (PMP) into pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP).PATHWAY Cofactor metabolism; pyridoxal 5'-phosphate salvage; pyridoxal 5'-phosphate from pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate: step 1/1.PATHWAY Cofactor metabolism; pyridoxal 5'-phosphate salvage; pyridoxal 5'-phosphate from pyridoxine 5'-phosphate: step 1/1.SUBUNIT Homodimer.SIMILARITY Belongs to the pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate oxidase family.UniProtQ9NVS91EQUAL261EQUALReactome Database ID Release 75965023Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=965023ReactomeR-HSA-9650231Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-965023.12FMNFlavin mononucleotideRiboflavin-5-phosphateReactome DB_ID: 73524FMN [ChEBI:17621]FMNRiboflavin-5-phosphateFlavin mononucleotideChEBICHEBI:17621Reactome Database ID Release 7573524Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=73524ReactomeR-ALL-735242Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-73524.2COMPOUNDC000612Reactome Database ID Release 75964943Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=964943ReactomeR-HSA-9649431Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-964943.1GENE ONTOLOGYGO:0004733Reactome Database ID Release 75965270Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=965270Reactome Database ID Release 75965079Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=965079ReactomeR-HSA-9650791Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-965079.115182361Pubmed2004Genomic organization, tissue distribution and deletion mutation of human pyridoxine 5'-phosphate oxidaseKang, JHHong, MLKim, DWPark, JKang, TCWon, MHBaek, NIMoon, BJChoi, SYKwon, OSEur J Biochem 271:2452-61LEFT-TO-RIGHT1.4.3.52xPNPO:2xFMN oxidizes PDXP to PXLPPLP from oxidation of pyridoxine phosphatePyridoxine-5'-phosphate oxidase (PNPO) is able to oxidize pyridoxine phosphate (PDXP) to pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PXLP) (Kang et al. 2004).Authored: Stephan, R, 2010-09-18Reviewed: D'Eustachio, P, 2010-11-08Edited: Jassal, B, 2010-09-20ACTIVATIONReactome Database ID Release 75965019Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=965019ReactomeR-HSA-9650191Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-965019.1LEFT-TO-RIGHT1.2.3.1AOX1 oxidises PXL to PDXateAldehyde oxidase (AOX1) is a complex molybdo-flavoprotein that belongs to the xanthine oxidase family. It is active as a homodimer, with each monomer binding two distinct [2Fe2S] clusters, FAD and the molybdenum cofactor. AOX1 plays an important role in the metabolism of drugs based on its broad substrate specificity oxidising aromatic aza-heterocycles and aldehydes (Hartmann et al. 2012).Authored: Jassal, Bijay, 2013-03-01Reviewed: D'Eustachio, P, 2013-04-15Edited: Jassal, Bijay, 2013-03-01PDXate4-pyridoxate4-pyridoxic acidReactome DB_ID: 32043244-pyridoxic acid [ChEBI:17405]4-pyridoxic acidChEBICHEBI:17405Reactome Database ID Release 753204324Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=3204324ReactomeR-ALL-32043243Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-3204324.3ACTIVATION2xAOX1:cofactorsAOX1 dimer:2x2Fe-2S:FAD:MPTReactome DB_ID: 3204316AOX1:cofactorsAOX1:2x2Fe-2S:FAD:MPTReactome DB_ID: 3204315(4Fe-4S)(2+)tetra-mu3-sulfido-tetrairon(2+)Reactome DB_ID: 937126tetra-mu3-sulfido-tetrairon(2+) [ChEBI:33722]tetra-mu3-sulfido-tetrairon(2+)ChEBICHEBI:33722Reactome Database ID Release 75937126Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=937126ReactomeR-ALL-9371263Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-937126.32FADFlavin adenine dinucleotideReactome DB_ID: 29386FAD [ChEBI:16238]FADFlavin adenine dinucleotideChEBICHEBI:16238Reactome Database ID Release 7529386Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=29386ReactomeR-ALL-293862Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-29386.2COMPOUNDC000161MPTmolybdopterinReactome DB_ID: 38025molybdopterin [ChEBI:44074]molybdopterinChEBICHEBI:44074Reactome Database ID Release 7538025Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=38025ReactomeR-ALL-380253Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-38025.3COMPOUNDC059241AOX1Aldehyde oxidase ecNumber1.2.3.1/ecNumberADO_HUMANReactome DB_ID: 3204326UniProt:Q06278 AOX1AOX1AOFUNCTION Oxidase with broad substrate specificity, oxidizing aromatic azaheterocycles, such as N1-methylnicotinamide, N-methylphthalazinium and phthalazine, as well as aldehydes, such as benzaldehyde, retinal, pyridoxal, and vanillin. Plays a key role in the metabolism of xenobiotics and drugs containing aromatic azaheterocyclic substituents. Participates in the bioactivation of prodrugs such as famciclovir, catalyzing the oxidation step from 6-deoxypenciclovir to penciclovir, which is a potent antiviral agent. Is probably involved in the regulation of reactive oxygen species homeostasis. May be a prominent source of superoxide generation via the one-electron reduction of molecular oxygen. Also may catalyze nitric oxide (NO) production via the reduction of nitrite to NO with NADH or aldehyde as electron donor. May play a role in adipogenesis.ACTIVITY REGULATION Is very potently inhibited by raloxifene (PubMed:26842593). Also inhibited by estradiol, ethinyl estradiol, hydralazine, menadione, isovanillin and thioridazine. Not inhibited by allopurinol, a xanthine dehydrogenase potent inhibitor (PubMed:22031625, PubMed:22522748, PubMed:22996261, PubMed:9224775, PubMed:26322824).SUBUNIT Homodimer.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Abundant in liver, expressed in adipose tissue and at lower levels in lung, skeletal muscle, pancreas. In contrast to mice, no significant gender difference in AOX1 expression level (at protein level).DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE Not detected in preadipocytes but strongly induced in mature adipocytes.INDUCTION In liver, is down-regulated by adiponectin and by the PPARA agonist, fenofibric acid.MISCELLANEOUS AOX genes evolved from a xanthine oxidoreductase ancestral precursor via a series of gene duplication and suppression/deletion events. Different animal species contain a different complement of AOX genes encoding an equivalent number of AOX isoenzymes. In mammals, the two extremes are represented by certain rodents such as mice and rats, which are endowed with 4 AOX genes, and by humans, whose genome is characterized by a single active gene (PubMed:22335465).SIMILARITY Belongs to the xanthine dehydrogenase family.CAUTION Was originally thought to be a xanthine dehydrogenase.UniProtQ062781EQUAL1338EQUALReactome Database ID Release 753204326Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=3204326ReactomeR-HSA-32043261Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-3204326.11Reactome Database ID Release 753204315Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=3204315ReactomeR-HSA-32043151Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-3204315.12Reactome Database ID Release 753204316Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=3204316ReactomeR-HSA-32043161Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-3204316.1GENE ONTOLOGYGO:0004031Reactome Database ID Release 753204329Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=3204329Reactome Database ID Release 753204311Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=3204311ReactomeR-HSA-32043111Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-3204311.122279051Pubmed2012The impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms on human aldehyde oxidaseHartmann, TobiasTerao, MinekoGarattini, EnricoTeutloff, ChristianAlfaro, Joshua FJones, Jeffrey PLeimkühler, SilkeDrug Metab. Dispos. 40:856-64Reactome Database ID Release 75964975Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=964975ReactomeR-HSA-9649751Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-964975.110024608Pubmed1999Update on interconversions of vitamin B-6 with its coenzymeMcCormick, DBChen, HJ Nutr 129:325-7GENE ONTOLOGYGO:0042816gene ontology term for cellular processMIMI:0359