BioPAX pathway converted from "Multiple IRAK1 autophosphorylation steps within the complex pIRAK4:MyD88:activated TLR7/8 or 9" in the Reactome database. LEFT-TO-RIGHT 2.7.11.1 Multiple IRAK1 autophosphorylation steps within the complex pIRAK4:MyD88:activated TLR7/8 or 9 A series of sequential phosphorylation events lead to full or hyper-phopshorylation of IRAK1. Under in vitro conditions these are all autophosphorylation events. First, Thr-209 is phosphorylated resulting in a conformational change of the kinase domain. Next, Thr-387 in the activation loop is phosphorylated, leading to full enzymatic activity. Several additional residues are phosphorylated in the proline-, serine-, and threonine-rich (ProST) region between the N-terminal death domain and kinase domain. Hyperphosphorylation of this region leads to dissociation of IRAK1 from the upstream adapters MyD88 and Tollip. The significance of these phosphorylation events is not clear; the kinase activity of IRAK1 is dispensable for IL1-induced NFkB and MAP kinase activation (Knop & Martin, 1999), unlike that of IRAK4 (Suzuki et al. 2002; Kozicak-Holbro et al. 2007), so IRAK1 is believed to act primarily as an adaptor for TRAF6 (Conze et al. 2008). Authored: Shamovsky, V, 2010-08-25 Reviewed: Gillespie, ME, 2010-10-29 Edited: Shamovsky, V, 2010-11-15 pp-IRAK1:p-IRAK4:oligo-MyD88:activated TLR 7/8 or 9 complex Reactome DB_ID: 975161 endosome membrane GENE ONTOLOGY GO:0010008 p-S,2T-IRAK4:oligo-MyD88:activated TLR7/8 or 9 receptor Reactome DB_ID: 975159 IRAK4(phosphorylated) p-T342,T345,S346-IRAK4 p-T342,T345,S346- IRAK4 Reactome DB_ID: 975149 UniProt:Q9NWZ3 IRAK4 IRAK4 FUNCTION Serine/threonine-protein kinase that plays a critical role in initiating innate immune response against foreign pathogens. Involved in Toll-like receptor (TLR) and IL-1R signaling pathways (PubMed:17878374). Is rapidly recruited by MYD88 to the receptor-signaling complex upon TLR activation to form the Myddosome together with IRAK2. Phosphorylates initially IRAK1, thus stimulating the kinase activity and intensive autophosphorylation of IRAK1. Phosphorylates E3 ubiquitin ligases Pellino proteins (PELI1, PELI2 and PELI3) to promote pellino-mediated polyubiquitination of IRAK1. Then, the ubiquitin-binding domain of IKBKG/NEMO binds to polyubiquitinated IRAK1 bringing together the IRAK1-MAP3K7/TAK1-TRAF6 complex and the NEMO-IKKA-IKKB complex. In turn, MAP3K7/TAK1 activates IKKs (CHUK/IKKA and IKBKB/IKKB) leading to NF-kappa-B nuclear translocation and activation. Alternatively, phosphorylates TIRAP to promote its ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. Phosphorylates NCF1 and regulates NADPH oxidase activation after LPS stimulation suggesting a similar mechanism during microbial infections.SUBUNIT Associates with MYD88 and IRAK2 to form a ternary complex called the Myddosome (PubMed:16951688, PubMed:24316379). Once phosphorylated, IRAK4 dissociates from the receptor complex and then associates with the TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), IRAK1, and PELI1; this intermediate complex is required for subsequent NF-kappa-B activation (PubMed:11960013, PubMed:12496252, PubMed:16951688). Direct binding of SMAD6 to PELI1 prevents complex formation and hence negatively regulates IL1R-TLR signaling and eventually NF-kappa-B-mediated gene expression (PubMed:16951688). Interacts with IL1RL1 (PubMed:16286016). Interacts (when phosphorylated) with IRAK1 (PubMed:33238146). May interact (when phosphorylated) with IRAK3 (PubMed:33238146).PTM Phosphorylated.SIMILARITY Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. TKL Ser/Thr protein kinase family. Pelle subfamily. Homo sapiens NCBI Taxonomy 9606 UniProt Q9NWZ3 342 EQUAL O-phospho-L-threonine MOD MOD:00047 345 EQUAL 346 EQUAL O-phospho-L-serine MOD MOD:00046 1 EQUAL 460 EQUAL Reactome Database ID Release 81 975149 Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=975149 Reactome R-HSA-975149 1 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-975149.1 Reactome http://www.reactome.org 4 oligo-MyD88:activated TLR7-9 Reactome DB_ID: 975114 MyD88 oligomer Reactome DB_ID: 975141 MYD88 MyD88 Reactome DB_ID: 975123 UniProt:Q99836 MYD88 MYD88 FUNCTION Adapter protein involved in the Toll-like receptor and IL-1 receptor signaling pathway in the innate immune response (PubMed:15361868, PubMed:18292575, PubMed:33718825). Acts via IRAK1, IRAK2, IRF7 and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response (PubMed:15361868, PubMed:24316379, PubMed:19506249). Increases IL-8 transcription (PubMed:9013863). Involved in IL-18-mediated signaling pathway. Activates IRF1 resulting in its rapid migration into the nucleus to mediate an efficient induction of IFN-beta, NOS2/INOS, and IL12A genes. Upon TLR8 activation by GU-rich single-stranded RNA (GU-rich RNA) derived from viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and HIV-1, induces IL1B release through NLRP3 inflammasome activation (PubMed:33718825). MyD88-mediated signaling in intestinal epithelial cells is crucial for maintenance of gut homeostasis and controls the expression of the antimicrobial lectin REG3G in the small intestine (By similarity).SUBUNIT Homodimer. Also forms heterodimers with TIRAP. Binds to TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, IRAK1, IRAK2 and IRAK4 via their respective TIR domains. Interacts with IL18R1. Interacts with BMX, IL1RL1, IKBKE and IRF7. Interacts with LRRFIP1 and LRRFIP2; this interaction positively regulates Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling in response to agonist. Interacts with FLII. LRRFIP1 and LRRFIP2 compete with FLII for MYD88-binding. Interacts with IRF1. Upon IL1B treatment, forms a complex with PELI1, IRAK1, IRAK4 and TRAF6; this complex recruits MAP3K7/TAK1, TAB1 and TAB2 to mediate NF-kappa-B activation. Direct binding of SMAD6 to PELI1 prevents the complex formation and hence negatively regulates IL1R-TLR signaling and eventually NF-kappa-B-mediated gene expression. May interact with PIK3AP1. Interacts (via TIR domain) with DHX9 (via H2A and OB-fold regions); this interaction is direct (PubMed:20696886). Interacts with OTUD4 deubiquitinase; the interaction is direct (PubMed:29395066).SUBUNIT (Microbial infection) In case of infection, interacts with uropathogenic E.coli protein TcpC; suppressing Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated cytokine production.SUBUNIT (Microbial infection) In case of infection, interacts with uropathogenic E.faecalis protein TcpF; suppressing Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated cytokine production.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Ubiquitous.DOMAIN The intermediate domain (ID) is required for the phosphorylation and activation of IRAK.PTM Ubiquitinated; undergoes 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination. OTUD4 specifically hydrolyzes 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitinated MYD88.DISEASE Defects in MYD88 are frequently found in many hematological malignancies, such as activated B-cell type diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (ABC-DLBCL), cutaneous diffuse large B cell lymphoma (CBCL) and primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). UniProt Q99836 1 EQUAL 296 EQUAL Reactome Database ID Release 81 975123 Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=975123 Reactome R-HSA-975123 1 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-975123.1 6 Reactome Database ID Release 81 975141 Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=975141 Reactome R-HSA-975141 1 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-975141.1 1 Converted from EntitySet in Reactome Activated TLR7-9 homodimers Reactome DB_ID: 975158 C-ter TLR7 dimer:TLR7, TLR8 ligands Reactome DB_ID: 188132 C-ter TLR7 dimer C-terminus TLR7 dimer Reactome DB_ID: 1679575 C-ter TLR7 TLR7(?-1049) processed TLR7 Toll Like Receptor 7 (TLR 7) Reactome DB_ID: 1679579 UniProt:Q9NYK1 TLR7 TLR7 UNQ248/PRO285 FUNCTION Endosomal receptor that plays a key role in innate and adaptive immunity (PubMed:14976261, PubMed:32433612). Controls host immune response against pathogens through recognition of uridine-containing single strand RNAs (ssRNAs) of viral origin or guanosine analogs (PubMed:31608988, PubMed:27742543, PubMed:12738885, PubMed:32706371). Upon binding to agonists, undergoes dimerization that brings TIR domains from the two molecules into direct contact, leading to the recruitment of TIR-containing downstream adapter MYD88 through homotypic interaction (PubMed:27742543). In turn, the Myddosome signaling complex is formed involving IRAK4, IRAK1, TRAF6, TRAF3 leading to activation of downstream transcription factors NF-kappa-B and IRF7 to induce proinflammatory cytokines and interferons, respectively (PubMed:27742543, PubMed:32706371).ACTIVITY REGULATION Activated by guanosine analogs including deoxyguanosine, 7-thia-8-oxoguanosine or 7-deazaguanosine in a RNA-independent manner. Activated by imiquimod (PubMed:32706371).SUBUNIT Homodimer (PubMed:27742543). Interacts with MYD88 via their respective TIR domains (Probable). Interacts with UNC93B1 (PubMed:33432245). Interacts with SMPDL3B (By similarity).TISSUE SPECIFICITY Detected in brain, placenta, spleen, stomach, small intestine, lung and in plasmacytoid pre-dendritic cells. Expressed in peripheral mononuclear blood cells (PubMed:32706371).DOMAIN Contains two binding domains, first site for small ligands and second site for ssRNA.SIMILARITY Belongs to the Toll-like receptor family. UniProt Q9NYK1 1 EQUAL 1049 EQUAL Reactome Database ID Release 81 1679579 Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=1679579 Reactome R-HSA-1679579 1 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-1679579.1 2 Reactome Database ID Release 81 1679575 Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=1679575 Reactome R-HSA-1679575 1 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-1679575.1 1 Converted from EntitySet in Reactome TLR7, TLR8 ligands Ligands recognized by TLR7 and TLR8 Reactome DB_ID: 9684904 Converted from EntitySet in Reactome GU-rich ssRNA Reactome DB_ID: 9684903 SARS-CoV-1 GU-rich ssRNA Reactome DB_ID: 9684906 endosome lumen GENE ONTOLOGY GO:0031904 Reactome Database ID Release 81 9684906 Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=9684906 Reactome R-COV-9684906 2 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-COV-9684906.2 ChEBI 33697 additional information MI MI:0361 HIV1 GU-rich ssRNA Reactome DB_ID: 9684900 Reactome Database ID Release 81 9684900 Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=9684900 Reactome R-HIV-9684900 2 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HIV-9684900.2 ChEBI 33697 Influenza GU-rich ssRNA Reactome DB_ID: 9684905 Reactome Database ID Release 81 9684905 Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=9684905 Reactome R-FLU-9684905 2 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-FLU-9684905.2 ChEBI 33697 SARS-CoV-2 GU-rich ssRNA Reactome DB_ID: 9754729 Reactome Database ID Release 81 9754729 Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=9754729 Reactome R-COV-9754729 3 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-COV-9754729.3 ChEBI 33697 Reactome Database ID Release 81 9684903 Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=9684903 Reactome R-NUL-9684903 8 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-NUL-9684903.8 Converted from EntitySet in Reactome Imidazoquinoline compounds Reactome DB_ID: 188128 R-848 resiquimod Reactome DB_ID: 188126 resiquimod [ChEBI:36706] resiquimod ChEBI CHEBI:36706 Reactome Database ID Release 81 188126 Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=188126 Reactome R-ALL-188126 4 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-188126.4 IMIQ imiquimod Reactome DB_ID: 188127 imiquimod [ChEBI:36704] imiquimod ChEBI CHEBI:36704 Reactome Database ID Release 81 188127 Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=188127 Reactome R-ALL-188127 4 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-188127.4 Reactome Database ID Release 81 188128 Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=188128 Reactome R-ALL-188128 2 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-188128.2 Reactome Database ID Release 81 9684904 Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=9684904 Reactome R-NUL-9684904 8 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-NUL-9684904.8 1 Reactome Database ID Release 81 188132 Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=188132 Reactome R-HSA-188132 4 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-188132.4 C-ter TLR9 dimer:unmethylated CpG DNA Reactome DB_ID: 1679087 Unmethylated CpG DNA Reactome DB_ID: 167913 Reactome Database ID Release 81 167913 Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=167913 Reactome R-ALL-167913 3 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-167913.3 ChEBI 61120 1 C-ter-TLR9 dimer C-terminus Toll like receptor 9 (TLR9) dimer Reactome DB_ID: 1679581 TLR9(?-1032) TLR9 C-terminus processed Toll Like Receptor 9 Reactome DB_ID: 1679580 UniProt:Q9NR96 TLR9 TLR9 UNQ5798/PRO19605 FUNCTION Key component of innate and adaptive immunity. TLRs (Toll-like receptors) control host immune response against pathogens through recognition of molecular patterns specific to microorganisms. TLR9 is a nucleotide-sensing TLR which is activated by unmethylated cytidine-phosphate-guanosine (CpG) dinucleotides. Acts via MYD88 and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response (PubMed:11564765, PubMed:17932028). Controls lymphocyte response to Helicobacter infection (By similarity). Upon CpG stimulation, induces B-cell proliferation, activation, survival and antibody production (PubMed:23857366).SUBUNIT Monomer and homodimer. Exists as a monomer in the absence of unmethylated cytidine-phosphate-guanosine (CpG) ligand. Proteolytic processing of an insertion loop (Z-loop) is required for homodimerization upon binding to the unmethylated CpG ligand leading to its activation (By similarity). Interacts with MYD88 via their respective TIR domains (By similarity). Interacts with BTK (PubMed:17932028). Interacts (via transmembrane domain) with UNC93B1. Interacts with CD300LH; the interaction may promote full activation of TLR9-triggered innate responses (By similarity). Interacts with CNPY3 and HSP90B1; this interaction is required for proper folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (PubMed:20865800). Interacts with SMPDL3B (By similarity).TISSUE SPECIFICITY Highly expressed in spleen, lymph node, tonsil and peripheral blood leukocytes, especially in plasmacytoid pre-dendritic cells. Levels are much lower in monocytes and CD11c+ immature dendritic cells. Also detected in lung and liver.PTM Activated by proteolytic cleavage of the flexible loop between repeats LRR14 and LRR15 within the ectodomain. Cleavage requires UNC93B1. Proteolytically processed by first removing the majority of the ectodomain by either asparagine endopeptidase (AEP) or a cathepsin followed by a trimming event that is solely cathepsin mediated and required for optimal receptor signaling.SIMILARITY Belongs to the Toll-like receptor family. UniProt Q9NR96 1 EQUAL 1032 EQUAL Reactome Database ID Release 81 1679580 Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=1679580 Reactome R-HSA-1679580 1 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-1679580.1 2 Reactome Database ID Release 81 1679581 Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=1679581 Reactome R-HSA-1679581 1 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-1679581.1 1 Reactome Database ID Release 81 1679087 Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=1679087 Reactome R-HSA-1679087 1 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-1679087.1 Reactome Database ID Release 81 975158 Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=975158 Reactome R-HSA-975158 3 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-975158.3 1 Reactome Database ID Release 81 975114 Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=975114 Reactome R-HSA-975114 3 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-975114.3 1 Reactome Database ID Release 81 975159 Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=975159 Reactome R-HSA-975159 3 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-975159.3 1 p-T209,387-IRAK1 p-T209,T387-IRAK1 IRAK1 phosphorylated at T209, T387 Reactome DB_ID: 975117 UniProt:P51617 IRAK1 IRAK1 IRAK FUNCTION Serine/threonine-protein kinase that plays a critical role in initiating innate immune response against foreign pathogens. Involved in Toll-like receptor (TLR) and IL-1R signaling pathways. Is rapidly recruited by MYD88 to the receptor-signaling complex upon TLR activation. Association with MYD88 leads to IRAK1 phosphorylation by IRAK4 and subsequent autophosphorylation and kinase activation. Phosphorylates E3 ubiquitin ligases Pellino proteins (PELI1, PELI2 and PELI3) to promote pellino-mediated polyubiquitination of IRAK1. Then, the ubiquitin-binding domain of IKBKG/NEMO binds to polyubiquitinated IRAK1 bringing together the IRAK1-MAP3K7/TAK1-TRAF6 complex and the NEMO-IKKA-IKKB complex. In turn, MAP3K7/TAK1 activates IKKs (CHUK/IKKA and IKBKB/IKKB) leading to NF-kappa-B nuclear translocation and activation. Alternatively, phosphorylates TIRAP to promote its ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. Phosphorylates the interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) to induce its activation and translocation to the nucleus, resulting in transcriptional activation of type I IFN genes, which drive the cell in an antiviral state. When sumoylated, translocates to the nucleus and phosphorylates STAT3.SUBUNIT Homodimer (By similarity). Forms a complex with TRAF6, PELI1, IRAK4 and MYD88 (PubMed:16951688). Direct binding of SMAD6 to PELI1 prevents complex formation and hence negatively regulates IL1R-TLR signaling and eventually NF-kappa-B-mediated gene expression (PubMed:16951688). The TRAF6-PELI1-IRAK4-MYD88 complex recruits MAP3K7/TAK1, TAB1 and TAB2 to mediate NF-kappa-B activation (PubMed:16951688). Interaction with MYD88 recruits IRAK1 to the stimulated receptor complex (PubMed:9430229). Interacts with TOLLIP; this interaction occurs in the cytosol prior to receptor activation (PubMed:10854325). Interacts with IL1RL1 (PubMed:16286016). Interacts with PELI1 and TRAF6 (PubMed:12496252). Interacts (when polyubiquitinated) with IKBKG/NEMO (PubMed:18347055). Interacts with RSAD2/viperin (By similarity). Interacts with IRAK1BP1 (By similarity). Interacts with PELI2 (By similarity). Interacts with ZC3H12A; this interaction increases the interaction between ZC3H12A and IKBKB/IKKB (By similarity). Interacts with IRAK4 (PubMed:11960013). Interacts with PELI3 (PubMed:12874243). Interacts with INAVA; the interaction takes place upon PRR stimulation (PubMed:28436939). Interacts (via C-terminus) with NFATC4 (via N-terminus) (PubMed:18691762).SUBUNIT (Microbial infection) Interacts with mumps virus protein SH; this interaction inhibits downstream NF-kappa-B pathway activation.SUBUNIT (Microbial infection) Interacts with alphaviruses SINV, CHIKV, RRV, VEEV and EEEV capsid proteins; the interactions lead to inhibition of IRAK1-dependent signaling.TISSUE SPECIFICITY Isoform 1 and isoform 2 are ubiquitously expressed in all tissues examined, with isoform 1 being more strongly expressed than isoform 2.DOMAIN The ProST region is composed of many proline and serine residues (more than 20 of each) and some threonines. This region is the site of IRAK-1 hyperphosphorylation.PTM Following recruitment on the activated receptor complex, phosphorylated on Thr-209, probably by IRAK4, resulting in a conformational change of the kinase domain, allowing further phosphorylations to take place. Thr-387 phosphorylation in the activation loop is required to achieve full enzymatic activity.PTM Polyubiquitinated by TRAF6 after cell stimulation with IL-1-beta by PELI1, PELI2 and PELI3. Polyubiquitination occurs with polyubiquitin chains linked through 'Lys-63'. Ubiquitination promotes interaction with NEMO/IKBKG. Also sumoylated; leading to nuclear translocation.SIMILARITY Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. TKL Ser/Thr protein kinase family. Pelle subfamily. UniProt P51617 209 EQUAL 387 EQUAL 1 EQUAL 712 EQUAL Reactome Database ID Release 81 975117 Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=975117 Reactome R-HSA-975117 1 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-975117.1 4 Reactome Database ID Release 81 975161 Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=975161 Reactome R-HSA-975161 3 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-975161.3 ATP Adenosine 5'-triphosphate ATP(4-) Reactome DB_ID: 113592 cytosol GENE ONTOLOGY GO:0005829 ATP(4-) [ChEBI:30616] ATP(4-) ATP atp Adenosine 5'-triphosphate ChEBI CHEBI:30616 Reactome Database ID Release 81 113592 Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=113592 Reactome R-ALL-113592 5 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-113592.5 COMPOUND C00002 16 ADP Adenosine 5'-diphosphate ADP(3-) Reactome DB_ID: 29370 ADP(3-) [ChEBI:456216] ADP(3-) ADP 5'-O-[(phosphonatooxy)phosphinato]adenosine ADP trianion ChEBI CHEBI:456216 Reactome Database ID Release 81 29370 Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=29370 Reactome R-ALL-29370 5 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-29370.5 COMPOUND C00008 16 p-3S,3T-IRAK1:p-S,2T-IRAK4:oligo-MyD88:activated TLR7/8 or 9 Reactome DB_ID: 975107 1 IRAK1 p-2S,S376,T,T209,T387-IRAK1 p-6T-IRAK1 p-3S,3T-IRAK1 Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1(hyperphosphorylated) IRAK1_HUMAN Reactome DB_ID: 975157 376 EQUAL 1 EQUAL 712 EQUAL Reactome Database ID Release 81 975157 Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=975157 Reactome R-HSA-975157 2 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-975157.2 4 Reactome Database ID Release 81 975107 Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=975107 Reactome R-HSA-975107 3 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-975107.3 ACTIVATION activeUnit: #Protein5 GENE ONTOLOGY GO:0004674 gene ontology term for cellular function MI MI:0355 Same Catalyst Activity Reactome Database ID Release 81 975129 Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=975129 Reactome Database ID Release 81 975125 Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=975125 Reactome R-HSA-975125 4 Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-HSA-975125.4 10217414 Pubmed 1999 Effects of IL-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) expression on IL-1 signaling are independent of its kinase activity Knop, J Martin, MU FEBS Lett 448:81-5 11923871 Pubmed 2002 Severe impairment of interleukin-1 and Toll-like receptor signalling in mice lacking IRAK-4 Suzuki, N Suzuki, S Duncan, GS Millar, DG Wada, T Mirtsos, C Takada, H Wakeham, A Itie, A Li, S Penninger, JM Wesche, H Ohashi, PS Mak, TW Yeh, WC Nature 416:750-6 18347055 Pubmed 2008 Lys63-linked polyubiquitination of IRAK-1 is required for interleukin-1 receptor- and toll-like receptor-mediated NF-kappaB activation Conze, DB Wu, CJ Thomas, JA Landstrom, A Ashwell, JD Mol Cell Biol 28:3538-47 17337443 Pubmed 2007 IRAK-4 kinase activity is required for interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor- and toll-like receptor 7-mediated signaling and gene expression Koziczak-Holbro, M Joyce, C Glück, A Kinzel, B Muller, M Tschopp, C Mathison, JC Davis, CN Gram, H J Biol Chem 282:13552-60 14625308 Pubmed 2004 Sequential autophosphorylation steps in the interleukin-1 Receptor-associated Kinase-1 Regulate its Availability as an Adapter in Interleukin-1 Signaling Kollewe, C Mackensen, AC Neumann, D Knop, J Cao, P Li, S Wesche, H Martin, MU J Biol Chem 279:5227-36