BioPAX pathway converted from "CHGA-derived peptide binds the bacterial cell surface" in the Reactome database.LEFT-TO-RIGHTCHGA-derived peptide binds the bacterial cell surfaceThis event has been computationally inferred from an event that has been demonstrated in another species.<p>The inference is based on the homology mapping from PANTHER. Briefly, reactions for which all involved PhysicalEntities (in input, output and catalyst) have a mapped orthologue/paralogue (for complexes at least 75% of components must have a mapping) are inferred to the other species. High level events are also inferred for these events to allow for easier navigation.<p><a href='/electronic_inference_compara.html' target = 'NEW'>More details and caveats of the event inference in Reactome.</a> For details on PANTHER see also: <a href='http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp' target='NEW'>http://www.pantherdb.org/about.jsp</a>Anionic phospholipids:microbial cell surfaceReactome DB_ID: 8931784plasma membraneGENE ONTOLOGYGO:0005886anionic phospholipidAnionic phospholipidsReactome DB_ID: 1462049anionic phospholipid [ChEBI:62643]anionic phospholipidphospholipid anionanionic phospholipidsphospholipid anionsChEBICHEBI:62643Reactome Database ID Release 751462049Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=1462049ReactomeR-ALL-14620494Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-1462049.4Reactomehttp://www.reactome.org1Microbial cell surfaceReactome DB_ID: 8879165Reactome Database ID Release 758879165Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8879165ReactomeR-ALL-88791652Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-8879165.2ChEBI23367additional informationMIMI:03611Reactome Database ID Release 758931784Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=8931784ReactomeR-ALL-89317841Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-ALL-8931784.1ChgaCHGA(19-94)P26339Reactome DB_ID: 9799983extracellular regionGENE ONTOLOGYGO:0005576UniProt:P26339ChgaMus musculusNCBI Taxonomy10090UniProtP2633919EQUAL94EQUALReactome Database ID Release 759799983Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=9799983ReactomeR-MMU-68085241Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-MMU-6808524.1CHGA-derived peptide:bacterial anionic lipidsReactome DB_ID: 979998711Reactome Database ID Release 759799987Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=9799987ReactomeR-MMU-68085581Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-MMU-6808558.1Reactome Database ID Release 759799989Database identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser?DB=gk_current&ID=9799989ReactomeR-MMU-68085661Reactome stable identifier. Use this URL to connect to the web page of this instance in Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/cgi-bin/eventbrowser_st_id?ST_ID=R-MMU-6808566.1Chromogranin A (CHGA) belongs to the granin family of acidic proteins enclosed in secretory vesicles of nervous, endocrine and immune cells. The proteolytic cleveages of specific CHGA sequences by the pro-hormone convertases generate bioactive fragments that exert a broad spectrum of regulatory activities by influencing the endocrine, cardiovascular and immune systems and affect glucose and calcium homeostasis (Helle KB et al. 2007; Aslam R et al. 2012; D'amico MA et al. 2014; Aung G et al. 2011; Tota B et al. 2014).<p>Several CHGA-derived peptides such as vasostatin-1 (CHGA(19-94) ) and catestatin (CHGA(370-390)) display antimicrobial activities against bacteria, fungi and yeasts (Lugardon K et al. 2000; Briolat J et al. 2005; Radek KA et al. 2008; Aslam R et al. 2013; Shooshtarizadeh P et al. 2010). These peptides are found in biological fluids involved in defence mechanisms (human serum and saliva) and in supernatants of stimulated human neutrophils (Lugardon K et al. 2000; Briolat J et al. 2005). In addition, catestatin (CHGA(370-390) exhibits antimicrobial activity against skin pathogens suggesting a function in cutaneous antimicrobial defense (Radek KA et al. 2008). Biophysical and structural analysis of human catestatin and bovine cateslytin suggests that cationic CHGA-derived peptides interact with anionic phospholipids on the bacterial surface (Sugawara M et al. 2010; Jean-Francois F et al. 2008). However, It remains to be clarified whether catestatin functions as a pore-forming or cell-penetrating agent.20103720Pubmed2010Membrane structure and interactions of human catestatin by multidimensional solution and solid-state NMR spectroscopySugawara, MasaeResende, Jarbas MMoraes, Cléria MendonçaMarquette, ArnaudChich, Jean-FrancoisMetz-Boutigue, Marie-HélèneBechinger, BurkhardFASEB J. 24:1737-4615723172Pubmed2005New antimicrobial activity for the catecholamine release-inhibitory peptide from chromogranin ABriolat, JWu, S DMahata, S KGonthier, BBagnard, DChasserot-Golaz, SHelle, K BAunis, DMetz-Boutigue, M HCell. Mol. Life Sci. 62:377-8510753865Pubmed2000Antibacterial and antifungal activities of vasostatin-1, the N-terminal fragment of chromogranin ALugardon, KRaffner, RGoumon, YCorti, ADelmas, ABulet, PAunis, DMetz-Boutigue, M HJ. Biol. Chem. 275:10745-5325177680Pubmed2014The surging role of Chromogranin A in cardiovascular homeostasisTota, BrunoAngelone, TommasoCerra, Maria CFront Chem 2:6422834801Pubmed2012Chromogranin A-derived peptides are involved in innate immunityAslam, RAtindehou, MLavaux, THaïkel, YSchneider, FMetz-Boutigue, M-HCurr. Med. Chem. 19:4115-2317717629Pubmed2007The endocrine role for chromogranin A: a prohormone for peptides with regulatory propertiesHelle, K BCorti, AMetz-Boutigue, M HTota, BCell. Mol. Life Sci. 64:2863-8623894389Pubmed2013Cateslytin, a chromogranin A derived peptide is active against Staphylococcus aureus and resistant to degradation by its proteasesAslam, RizwanMarban, CélineCorazzol, ChristianJehl, FrançoisDelalande, Françoisvan Dorsselaer, AlainPrévost, GillesHaïkel, YoussefTaddei, CorinneSchneider, FrancisMetz-Boutigue, Marie-HélènePLoS ONE 8:e6899318185531Pubmed2008The neuroendocrine peptide catestatin is a cutaneous antimicrobial and induced in the skin after injuryRadek, Katherine ALopez-Garcia, BelenHupe, MelanieNiesman, Ingrid RElias, Peter MTaupenot, LaurentMahata, Sushil KO'Connor, Daniel TGallo, Richard LJ. Invest. Dermatol. 128:1525-3418820233Pubmed2008Pore formation induced by an antimicrobial peptide: electrostatic effectsJean-François, FrantzElezgaray, JuanBerson, PascalVacher, PierreDufourc, Erick JBiophys. J. 95:5748-5621214543Pubmed2011Catestatin, a neuroendocrine antimicrobial peptide, induces human mast cell migration, degranulation and production of cytokines and chemokinesAung, GyiNiyonsaba, FrançoisUshio, HirokoKajiwara, NaokiSaito, HirohisaIkeda, ShigakuOgawa, HideokiOkumura, KoImmunology 132:527-3919932135Pubmed2010The antimicrobial peptides derived from chromogranin/secretogranin family, new actors of innate immunityShooshtarizadeh, PeimanZhang, DanChich, Jean-FrançoisGasnier, ClaireSchneider, FrancisHaïkel, YoussefAunis, DominiqueMetz-Boutigue, Marie-HélèneRegul. Pept. 165:102-1024671122Pubmed2014Biological function and clinical relevance of chromogranin A and derived peptidesD'amico, Maria AngelaGhinassi, BarbaraIzzicupo, PascalManzoli, LambertoDi Baldassarre, AEndocr Connect 3:R45-54inferred from electronic annotationEVIDENCE CODEECO:0000203