Metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins

• - Fatty acid, triacylglycerol, and ketone body metabolism
• - Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Beta-Oxidation
• - mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation of saturated fatty acids
• - Beta oxidation of palmitoyl-CoA to myristoyl-CoA
• - palmitoyl-CoA+FAD<=>trans-Hexadec-2-enoyl-CoA+FADH2 [Homo sapiens]
• - Beta oxidation of myristoyl-CoA to lauroyl-CoA
• - myristoyl-CoA+FAD<=>trans-Tetradec-2-enoyl-CoA+FADH2 [Homo sapiens]
• - Beta oxidation of lauroyl-CoA to decanoyl-CoA-CoA
• - lauroyl-CoA+FAD<=>2-trans-Dodecenoyl-CoA+FADH2 [Homo sapiens]
• - Beta oxidation of decanoyl-CoA to octanoyl-CoA-CoA
• - Decanoyl-CoA+FAD<=>trans-Dec-2-enoyl-CoA+FADH2 [Homo sapiens]
• - Beta oxidation of octanoyl-CoA to hexanoyl-CoA
• - Octanoyl-CoA+FAD<=>trans-Oct-2-enoyl-CoA+FADH2 [Homo sapiens]
• - Beta oxidation of hexanoyl-CoA to butanoyl-CoA
• - Hexanoyl-CoA+FAD<=>trans-Hex-2-enoyl-CoA+FADH2 [Homo sapiens]
• - Beta oxidation of butanoyl-CoA to acetyl-CoA
• - Butanoyl-CoA+FAD<=>Crotonoyl-CoA+FADH2 [Homo sapiens]
• - mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids
• - Removal of 2 Carbon atoms from trans,cis-Lauro-2,6-dienoyl-CoA to form 4-cis-decenoyl-CoA [Homo sapiens]
• - dehydrogenation of 4-cis-decenoyl-CoA to form 2-trans-4-cis-decadienoyl-CoA [Homo sapiens]
• - Removal of six carbons from Linoleoyl-CoA to form cis,cis-3,6- Dodecadienoyl-CoA [Homo sapiens]
• - Gly-3-P+FAD->DHAP+FADH2 (catalyzed by mitochondrial Gly-Phos dehydrogenase) [Homo sapiens]

Respiratory electron transport, ATP synthesis by chemiosmotic coupling, and heat production by uncoupling proteins.

• - Respiratory electron transport
• - Reducing equivalents from beta-oxidation of fatty acids transfer to ETF [Homo sapiens]
• - Transfer of electrons from ETF to ubiquinone by ETF-QO [Homo sapiens]

Pyruvate metabolism and Citric Acid (TCA) cycle

• - Pyruvate metabolism
• - pyruvate + CoASH + NAD+ => acetylCoA + CO2 + NADH + H+ [Homo sapiens]
• - Regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex
• - PDK-catalyzed phosphorylation (inactivation) of PDC E1 alpha subunit [Homo sapiens]
• - PDP-catalyzed dephosphorylation (activation) of phospho E1 alpha subunit [Homo sapiens]
• - Citric acid cycle (TCA cycle)
• - alpha-ketoglutarate + CoASH + NAD+ => succinyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH + H+ [Homo sapiens]

Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives

• - Branched-chain amino acid catabolism
• - a-ketoisocaproate, a-keto b-methylvalerate, or a-ketoisovalerate + CoA + NAD+ => isovaleryl-CoA, a-methylbutyryl-CoA, or isobuyryl-CoA + CO2 + NADH + H+ [Homo sapiens]
• - isovaleryl-CoA + FAD => beta-methylcrotonyl-CoA + FADH2 [Homo sapiens]
• - alpha-methylbutyryl-CoA + FAD => tiglyl-CoA + FADH2 [Homo sapiens]
• - isobutyryl-CoA + FAD => methacrylyl-CoA + FADH2 [Homo sapiens]
• - Lysine catabolism
• - alpha-ketoadipate + CoASH + NAD+ => glutaryl-CoA + CO2 + NADH + H+ [Homo sapiens]
• - glutaryl-CoA + FAD => crotonyl-CoA + FADH2 + CO2 [Homo sapiens]