Toggle navigation
About
What is Reactome ?
News
Team
Scientific Advisory Board
Editorial Calendar
Statistics
Our Logo
License Agreement
Privacy Notice
Disclaimer
Content
Table of Contents
DOIs
Data Schema
ORCID Integration Project
COVID-19 Disease Pathways
Docs
Userguide
Pathway Browser
How do I search ?
Details Panel
Analysis Tools
Analysis Data
Analysis Gene Expression
Species Comparison
Tissue Distribution
Diseases
ReactomeFIViz
Developer's Zone
Graph Database
Analysis Service
Content Service
Pathways Overview
Pathway Diagrams
Icon Info
EHLD Specs & Guidelines
Icon Library Guidelines
Data Model
Computationally inferred events
Linking to Us
Citing us
Tools
Pathway Browser
Analysis Data
Analysis Gene Expression
Species Comparison
Tissue Distribution
Analysis Service
Content Service
ReactomeFIViz
Overlays
DisGeNET
Web
API
Advanced Data Search
Site Search
Community
Icon Library
Outreach
Events
Training
Publications
Partners
Papers Citing Us
Resources Guide
Collaboration
Download
About
What is Reactome ?
News
Team
Scientific Advisory Board
Editorial Calendar
Statistics
Our Logo
License Agreement
Privacy Notice
Disclaimer
Content
Table of Contents
DOIs
Data Schema
ORCID Integration Project
COVID-19 Disease Pathways
Docs
Userguide
Pathway Browser
How do I search ?
Details Panel
Analysis Tools
Analysis Data
Analysis Gene Expression
Species Comparison
Tissue Distribution
Diseases
ReactomeFIViz
Developer's Zone
Graph Database
Analysis Service
Content Service
Pathways Overview
Pathway Diagrams
Icon Info
EHLD Specs & Guidelines
Icon Library Guidelines
Data Model
Computationally inferred events
Linking to Us
Citing us
Tools
Pathway Browser
Analysis Data
Analysis Gene Expression
Species Comparison
Tissue Distribution
Analysis Service
Content Service
ReactomeFIViz
Overlays
DisGeNET
Web
API
Advanced Data Search
Site Search
Community
Icon Library
Outreach
Events
Training
Publications
Partners
Papers Citing Us
Resources Guide
Collaboration
Download
Search ...
Go!
H2O [cytosol]
Stable Identifier
R-ALL-29356
Type
Chemical Compound [SimpleEntity]
Compartment
cytosol
Synonyms
water
Icon
Locations in the PathwayBrowser
for Species:
Homo sapiens
Bos taurus
Caenorhabditis elegans
Canis familiaris
Danio rerio
Dictyostelium discoideum
Drosophila melanogaster
Gallus gallus
Mus musculus
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Plasmodium falciparum
Rattus norvegicus
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Sus scrofa
Xenopus tropicalis
Expand all
Cell Cycle (Bos taurus)
Cell Cycle, Mitotic (Bos taurus)
M Phase (Bos taurus)
Mitotic Prometaphase (Bos taurus)
Condensation of Prometaphase Chromosomes (Bos taurus)
Dephosphorylation of CK2-modified condensin I (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Cellular responses to external stimuli (Bos taurus)
Cellular responses to stress (Bos taurus)
Cellular response to heat stress (Bos taurus)
Regulation of HSF1-mediated heat shock response (Bos taurus)
HSP40s activate intrinsic ATPase activity of HSP70s in the cytosol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Detoxification of Reactive Oxygen Species (Bos taurus)
PRDX6:GSTP1 catalyzes 2 glutathione, reduced + H2O2 => glutathione, oxidized + 2 H2O (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Chromatin organization (Bos taurus)
Chromatin modifying enzymes (Bos taurus)
PADIs:Ca2+ deiminate L-Arg to L-Cit in proteins (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Developmental Biology (Bos taurus)
Nervous system development (Bos taurus)
Axon guidance (Bos taurus)
EPH-Ephrin signaling (Bos taurus)
EPHB-mediated forward signaling (Bos taurus)
p120-RasGAP activates GTP hydrolysis on RAS, inactivating it (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Gene expression (Transcription) (Bos taurus)
RNA Polymerase II Transcription (Bos taurus)
Generic Transcription Pathway (Bos taurus)
Transcriptional Regulation by TP53 (Bos taurus)
TP53 Regulates Metabolic Genes (Bos taurus)
PRDX1 overoxidizes (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
TIGAR converts D-fructose-2,6-bisphosphate to D-fructose 6-phosphate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Hemostasis (Bos taurus)
Platelet activation, signaling and aggregation (Bos taurus)
Effects of PIP2 hydrolysis (Bos taurus)
Arachidonate production from DAG (Bos taurus)
2-AG hydrolysis to arachidonate by MAGL (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ABHD6,12 hydrolyse 3AG (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Platelet homeostasis (Bos taurus)
PAFAH2 hydrolyses PAF to lyso-PAF and acetate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Immune System (Bos taurus)
Adaptive Immune System (Bos taurus)
Class I MHC mediated antigen processing & presentation (Bos taurus)
Antigen Presentation: Folding, assembly and peptide loading of class I MHC (Bos taurus)
Transport of Antigen peptide in to ER (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
TCR signaling (Bos taurus)
Downstream TCR signaling (Bos taurus)
Hydrolysis of PIP3 to PI(3,4)P2 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Generation of second messenger molecules (Bos taurus)
PLC-gamma1 hydrolyses PIP2 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Cytokine Signaling in Immune system (Bos taurus)
FLT3 Signaling (Bos taurus)
Negative regulation of FLT3 (Bos taurus)
PTPRJ dephosphorylates active FLT3 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Growth hormone receptor signaling (Bos taurus)
PTP1B dephosphorylates GHR (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Interferon Signaling (Bos taurus)
Antiviral mechanism by IFN-stimulated genes (Bos taurus)
OAS antiviral response (Bos taurus)
PDE12 cleaves 2'-5' oligoadenylates (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Interferon alpha/beta signaling (Bos taurus)
Regulation of IFNA signaling (Bos taurus)
Dephosphorylation of JAK1 by SHP1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Dephosphorylation of STAT1 by SHP2 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Dephosphorylation of TYK2 by PTP1B (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Innate Immune System (Bos taurus)
C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) (Bos taurus)
CLEC7A (Dectin-1) signaling (Bos taurus)
p-Y753,Y759-PLCG2 hydrolyses PIP2 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Fc epsilon receptor (FCERI) signaling (Bos taurus)
FCERI mediated Ca+2 mobilization (Bos taurus)
Hydrolysis of PIP2 by PLCG (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Fcgamma receptor (FCGR) dependent phagocytosis (Bos taurus)
Role of phospholipids in phagocytosis (Bos taurus)
Hydrolysis of PC to PA by PLD (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism (Bos taurus)
Biological oxidations (Bos taurus)
Aflatoxin activation and detoxification (Bos taurus)
ACY1:Zn2+ dimer hydrolyses mercapturic acids (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP1A2 hydroxylates AFB1 to AFM1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP1A2, 3A4 oxidise AFB1 to AFNBO (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP1A2,3A4,3A5,2A13 oxidise AFB1 to AFXBO (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP2A13 oxidises AFM1 to AFM1E (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP3A4,5 hydroxylates AFB1 to AFQ1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Phase I - Functionalization of compounds (Bos taurus)
AADAC deacetylates PHEN (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Amine Oxidase reactions (Bos taurus)
Biogenic amines are oxidatively deaminated to aldehydes by MAOA and MAOB (Bos taurus)
MAOA:FAD oxidatively deaminates of 5HT (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
BPHL hydrolyses VACV to ACV (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CES3 hydrolyses CHEST to CHOL and LCFA(-) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CMBL hydrolyses OM to OLMS (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Cytochrome P450 - arranged by substrate type (Bos taurus)
Eicosanoids (Bos taurus)
CYP4F2, 4F3 20-hydroxylate LTB4 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP4F22 20-hydroxylates TrXA3 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Endogenous sterols (Bos taurus)
CYP1B1 4-hydroxylates EST17b (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP21A2 21-hydroxylates PROG (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP39A1 7-hydroxylates 24OH-CHOL (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP46A1 24-hydroxylates CHOL (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP4V2 omega-hydroxylates DHA to HDoHE (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP51A1 demethylates LNSOL (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP7A1 7-hydroxylates CHOL (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP7B1 7-hydroxylates 25OH-CHOL (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Vitamins (Bos taurus)
CYP26C1 4-hydroxylates 9cRA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP27B1 hydroxylates 25(OH)D to 1,25(OH)2D (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP2R1 25-hydroxylates VD3 to 25(OH)D (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
EPHX1 hydrates BaP4,5O to BaP4,5-DHD (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Ethanol oxidation (Bos taurus)
acetaldehyde + NAD+ => acetate + NADH + H+ [cytosolic] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Phase II - Conjugation of compounds (Bos taurus)
Cytosolic sulfonation of small molecules (Bos taurus)
ABHD14B hydrolyses PNPB (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate (PAP) + H2O => AMP + orthophosphate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Glucuronidation (Bos taurus)
Formation of the active cofactor, UDP-glucuronate (Bos taurus)
UDP-glucose is oxidised to UDP-glucuronate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Methylation (Bos taurus)
GSTO1 dimer reduces methylarsonate to methylarsonite (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
MAT2B:MAT2A:K+:2Mg2+ transfers Ado from ATP to L-Met (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Inositol phosphate metabolism (Bos taurus)
Synthesis of IP2, IP, and Ins in the cytosol (Bos taurus)
I(1,3,4)P3 is dephosphorylated to I(1,3)P2 by INPP4A/B in the cytosol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
I(1,3,4)P3 is dephosphorylated to I(3,4)P2 by INPP1 in the cytosol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
I(1,4)P2 is dephosphorylated to I4P by INPP1 in the cytosol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
I(1,4,5)P3 is dephosphorylated to I(1,4)P2 by INPP5(4) in the cytosol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
I(3,4)P2 is dephosphorylated to I3P by INPP4A/B in the cytosol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
I1P is dephosphorylated to Ins by IMPA1/2 in the cytosol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
I3P is dephosphorylated to Ins by IMPA1/2 in the cytosol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
I4P is dephosphorylated to Ins by IMPA1/2 in the cytosol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of IP3 and IP4 in the cytosol (Bos taurus)
I(1,3,4,5)P4 is dephosphorylated to I(1,3,4)P3 by INPP5[3]/ITPK1 in the cytosol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI(4,5)P2 is hydrolysed to I(1,4,5)P3 and DAG by cytosolic PLC[2] at the plasma membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI(4,5)P2 is hydrolysed to I(1,4,5)P3 and DAG by tethered PLC[1] at the plasma membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PL(C)D4:3xCa2+ hydrolse PI(4,5)P2 to I(1,4,5)P3 and DAG at the ER membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of pyrophosphates in the cytosol (Bos taurus)
(PP)2-IP4 is dephosphorylated to 1/3-PP-IP5 by NUDT(1) in the cytosol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
(PP)2-IP4 is dephosphorylated to 5-PP-IP5 by NUDT(1) in the cytosol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
1/3 PP-IP5 is dephosphorylated to IP6 by NUDT(1) in the cytosol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
5-PP-IP5 is dephosphorylated to IP6 by NUDT(1) in the cytosol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PP-IP4 is dephosphorylated to I(1,3,4,5,6)P5 by NUDT4 in the cytosol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives (Bos taurus)
Aspartate and asparagine metabolism (Bos taurus)
ASPA deacetylates NAA to acetate and L-aspartate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ASPG hydrolyses L-Asn to L-Asp (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
aspartate + glutamine + ATP <=> asparagine + glutamate + AMP + pyrophosphate [ASNS] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Histidine catabolism (Bos taurus)
4-imidazolone-5-propionate + H2O => N-formiminoglutamate + 2H+ (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
urocanate + H2O => 4-imidazolone-5-propionate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of polyamines (Bos taurus)
Agmatine biosynthesis (Bos taurus)
Agmatine + H2O <=> putrescine + urea (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism (Bos taurus)
Phenylalanine metabolism (Bos taurus)
4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin => q-dihydrobiopterin + H2O (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ASRGL1 hydrolyses aspartame to L-Asp, L-Phe (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Tyrosine catabolism (Bos taurus)
fumarylacetoacetate => fumarate + acetoacetate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Serine biosynthesis (Bos taurus)
PSPH:Mg2+ dimer dephosphorylates O-P-Ser (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PXLP-K56-SRR dimer deaminates D-Ser (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PXLP-K56-SRR dimer deaminates L-Ser (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Sulfur amino acid metabolism (Bos taurus)
Cysteine formation from homocysteine (Bos taurus)
PXLP-CBS tetramers condenses HCYS and L-Ser to form L-Cystathionine (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PXLP-K212-CTH cleaves L-Cystathionine (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Degradation of cysteine and homocysteine (Bos taurus)
Cysteine is degraded to serine and H2S (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Homocysteine is degraded to oxobutanoate and H2S (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Methionine salvage pathway (Bos taurus)
Acireductone is created (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Threonine catabolism (Bos taurus)
SDS dimers:PXLP dehydrate L-Thr to 2AA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Tryptophan catabolism (Bos taurus)
3-hydroxykynurenine + H2O => 3-hydroxyanthranilate + alanine (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
kynurenine + O2 + NADPH + H+ => 3-hydroxykynurenine + NADP+ + H2O (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Urea cycle (Bos taurus)
arginine + H2O => ornithine + urea [ARG1] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of carbohydrates (Bos taurus)
Fructose metabolism (Bos taurus)
Fructose catabolism (Bos taurus)
ALDH1A1 oxidises GA to DGA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Glucose metabolism (Bos taurus)
Gluconeogenesis (Bos taurus)
D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate + H2O => D-fructose 6-phosphate + orthophosphate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Glycolysis (Bos taurus)
GNPDA1,2 hexamers deaminate GlcN6P to Fru(6)P (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Glycogen metabolism (Bos taurus)
Glycogen synthesis (Bos taurus)
EPM2A dimer dephosphorylates phosphoglycogen-GYG1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Lysosomal oligosaccharide catabolism (Bos taurus)
MAN2C1 hydrolyses GlcNAc (Man)9 to GlcNAc (Man)5 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of lipids (Bos taurus)
Biosynthesis of specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs) (Bos taurus)
Biosynthesis of DHA-derived SPMs (Bos taurus)
Biosynthesis of maresins (Bos taurus)
Biosynthesis of maresin-like SPMs (Bos taurus)
CYPs hydroxylate DHA to 14(R)-HDHA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Biosynthesis of protectins (Bos taurus)
CYP1, CYP2 hydroxylate (N)PD1 to 22-OH-(N)PD1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Fatty acid metabolism (Bos taurus)
Arachidonic acid metabolism (Bos taurus)
FAAH hydrolyses AEA to AA and ETA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of 15-eicosatetraenoic acid derivatives (Bos taurus)
Arachidonic acid is oxidised to 15R-HETE by Acetyl-PTGS2 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of Leukotrienes (LT) and Eoxins (EX) (Bos taurus)
20cho-LTB4 is oxidised to 20cooh-LTB4 by CYP4F2/4F3 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
20oh-LTB4 is oxidised to 20cho-LTB4 by CYP4F2/4F3 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP4F2, 4F3 20-hydroxylate LTB4 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of epoxy (EET) and dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHET) (Bos taurus)
Arachidonic acid is epoxidated to 5,6-EET by CYP(4) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Arachidonic acid is epoxidated to 8,9/11,12/14,15-EET by CYP(5) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Fatty acyl-CoA biosynthesis (Bos taurus)
SCD5 desaturates ST-CoA to OLE-CoA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of very long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs (Bos taurus)
ACSL1,3,5,6 ligate CoA to PALM to form PALM-CoA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PTPLs dehydrate VLC3HA-CoA to VLCTDA-CoA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Beta-Oxidation (Bos taurus)
Cytosolic ACOTs hydrolyse MCFA-CoA, LCFA-CoA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of steroids (Bos taurus)
Bile acid and bile salt metabolism (Bos taurus)
Recycling of bile acids and salts (Bos taurus)
Cytosolic cholate and chenodeoxycholate are conjugated with Coenzyme A (SLC27A5 BACS) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts (Bos taurus)
CYP7B1 7-hydroxylates 25OH-CHOL (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 24-hydroxycholesterol (Bos taurus)
3,7,24THCA is conjugated with Coenzyme A (SLC27A2 VLCS) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
3,7,24THCA is conjugated with Coenzyme A (SLC27A5 BACS) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP39A1 7-hydroxylates 24OH-CHOL (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP46A1 24-hydroxylates CHOL (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
TetraHCA is conjugated with Coenzyme A (SLC27A2 VLCS) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
TetraHCA is conjugated with Coenzyme A (SLC27A5 BACS) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 27-hydroxycholesterol (Bos taurus)
27-hydroxycholesterol is 7alpha-hydroxylated (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 7alpha-hydroxycholesterol (Bos taurus)
CYP7A1 7-hydroxylates CHOL (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Cholesterol biosynthesis (Bos taurus)
4,4-dimethylcholesta-8(9),24-dien-3beta-ol is oxidized to 4-methyl,4-carboxycholesta-8(9),24-dien-3beta-ol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
4-methylcholesta-8(9),24-dien-3beta-ol is oxidized to 4-carboxycholesta-8(9),24-dien-3beta-ol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ACAT2 condenses 2 Ac-CoA to form ACA-CoA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP51A1 demethylates LNSOL (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Cholesterol biosynthesis via desmosterol (Bos taurus)
Cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol is desaturated to form cholesta-5,7,24-trien-3beta-ol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Cholesterol biosynthesis via lathosterol (Bos taurus)
SC5D desaturates LTHSOL to 7-dehydroCHOL (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Phospholipid phosphatase 6 hydrolyses Presqualene diphosphate to presqualene monophosphate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Squalene is oxidized to its epoxide (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of steroid hormones (Bos taurus)
Glucocorticoid biosynthesis (Bos taurus)
CYP21A2 oxidises 17HPROG (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Mineralocorticoid biosynthesis (Bos taurus)
CYP21A2 21-hydroxylates PROG (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Vitamin D (calciferol) metabolism (Bos taurus)
CYP24A1 hydroxylates 1,25(OH)2D, inactivating it (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP27B1 hydroxylates 25(OH)D to 1,25(OH)2D (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP2R1 25-hydroxylates VD3 to 25(OH)D (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Phospholipid metabolism (Bos taurus)
Glycerophospholipid biosynthesis (Bos taurus)
Acyl chain remodeling of DAG and TAG (Bos taurus)
2-MAG is hydrolyzed to fatty acid and glycerol by MGLL (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
DAG is hydrolyzed to 2-MAG by PNPLA2/3 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
TAG is hydrolyzed to DAG by PNPLA2/3 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Acyl chain remodelling of PC (Bos taurus)
PC is hydrolysed to 2-acyl LPC by PLA2[7] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PC is hydrolyzed to 1-acyl LPC by PLA2[5] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PC is hydrolyzed to 1-acyl LPC by PLA2[6] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
THEM86B hydrolyses PMCHO, PMETAM (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Acyl chain remodelling of PE (Bos taurus)
ABHD4 hydrolyses NAPE (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PE is hydrolyzed to 1-acyl LPE by PLA2[2] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PE is hydrolyzed to 1-acyl LPE by PLA2[3] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PE is hydrolyzed to 2-acyl LPE by PLA2[4] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Acyl chain remodelling of PG (Bos taurus)
PG is hydrolyzed to 1-acyl LPG by PLA2G2A (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PG is hydrolyzed to 1-acyl LPG by PLA2[1] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PG is hydrolyzed to 2-acyl LPG by PLA2[14] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Acyl chain remodelling of PI (Bos taurus)
PI is hydrolyzed to 1-acyl LPI by PLA2[11] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI is hydrolyzed to 1-acyl LPI by PLA2[12] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI is hydrolyzed to 2-acyl LPI by PLA2[13] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Acyl chain remodelling of PS (Bos taurus)
PS is hydrolyzed to 1-acyl LPS by PLA2G2A (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PS is hydrolyzed to 1-acyl LPS by PLA2[9] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PS is hydrolyzed to 2-acyl LPS by PLA2[10] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Hydrolysis of LPC (Bos taurus)
1-acyl LPC is hydrolyzed to GPCho by PLA2[8] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
2-acyl LPC is hydrolyzed to GPCho by PLA2[8] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of PA (Bos taurus)
DDHD1,2 hydrolyse PA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PA is hydrolysed to 1-acyl LPA by PLA2G2A (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PA is hydrolysed to 1-acyl LPA by PLA2[1] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PA is hydrolyzed to 1-acyl LPA by PLA2[1] (OM) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PC is hydrolyzed to PA and choline by PLD1/2 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of PC (Bos taurus)
PA is dephosphorylated to DAG by LPIN (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PCho is dephosphorylated to Cho by PHOSPHO1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of PE (Bos taurus)
PA is dephosphorylated to DAG by LPIN (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PETA is dephosphorylated to ETA by PHOSPHO1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI Metabolism (Bos taurus)
Glycerophospholipid catabolism (Bos taurus)
PNPLA6 hydrolyzes LysoPtdCho (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of PIPs at the Golgi membrane (Bos taurus)
PI(3,4)P2 is dephosphorylated to PI4P by TPTE2 at the Golgi membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI(4,5)P2 is dephosphorylated to PI4P by OCRL/INPP5E at the Golgi membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of PIPs at the early endosome membrane (Bos taurus)
PI(3,4)P2 is dephosphorylated to PI3P by INPP4A/B at the early endosome membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI(3,5)P2 is dephosphorylated to PI5P by MTM proteins at the early endosome membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI(4,5)P2, PI(3,4)P2 and PI(3,4,5)P3 are dephosphorylated to PI5P, PI3P and PI(3,4)P by INPP5F at the endosome membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI3P is dephosphorylated to PI by MTM proteins at the early endosome membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of PIPs at the late endosome membrane (Bos taurus)
PI(3,5)P2 is dephosphorylated to PI5P by MTM proteins at the late endosome membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI3P is dephosphorylated to PI by MTM proteins at the late endosome membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of PIPs at the plasma membrane (Bos taurus)
PI(3,4)P2 is dephosphorylated to PI3P by INPP4A/B at the plasma membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI(3,4,5)P3 is dephosphorylated to PI(3,4)P2 by INPP5[2] at the plasma membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI(3,5)P2 is dephosphorylated to PI5P by MTMR9-bound MTMR6 or MTMR8 at the plasma membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI(3,5)P2 is dephosphorylated to PI5P by SYNJ/MTMs at the plasma membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI(4,5)P2 is dephosphorylated to PI4P by SYNJ/INPP5[1] at the plasma membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI3P is dephosphorylated to PI by MTMR9-bound MTMR8 or MTMR6 at the plasma membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI3P is dephosphorylated to PI by SYNJ/MTMs at the plasma membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Sphingolipid metabolism (Bos taurus)
Glycosphingolipid metabolism (Bos taurus)
Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 7 (ENPP7) hydrolyses sphingomyelin (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Neu5Ac is cleaved from GM3 by NEU2 to form a globoside (cytosol) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Neu5Ac is cleaved from GM3 by NEU3 to form globoside (plasma membrane) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Neutral ceramidase hydrolyses ceramide into sphingosine and free fatty acid (plasma membrane) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 and 3 (SMPD2 and 3) hydrolyse sphingomyelin to ceramide (plasma membrane) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Sphingolipid de novo biosynthesis (Bos taurus)
ALDH3A2-1 oxidises HD2NAL to PALM (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ALDH3B1 oxidises HXAL to PALM (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ALDH3B2 oxidises HXAL to PALM (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
FA2H hydroxylates CERA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ceramide + H2O <=> stearate + sphingosine [endoplasmic reticulum] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ceramide + H2O => stearate + sphingosine [Golgi] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
dihydroceramide + NADPH + H+ + O2 => phytoceramide + NADP+ + H2O (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
multiphospho-CERT:PPM1L:VAPA/B + 3 H2O => CERT:PPM1L:VAPA/B + 3 orthophosphate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
phytoceramide + H2O => stearate + phytosphingosine (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
sphinganine 1-phosphate + H2O => sphinganine + orthophosphate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
sphingosine 1-phosphate + H2O => sphingosine + orthophosphate [cytosolic - PPAP] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
sphingosine 1-phosphate + H2O => sphingosine + orthophosphate [cytosolic - SGPP] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Triglyceride metabolism (Bos taurus)
Triglyceride biosynthesis (Bos taurus)
1,2-diacyl-glycerol 3-phosphate + H2O => 1,2-diacyl-glycerol + orthophosphate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
AGMO cleaves alkylglycerol into fatty aldehyde and glycerol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Triglyceride catabolism (Bos taurus)
PNPLA4 hydrolyzes TAG (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PNPLA4 hydrolyzes retinyl palmitate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of nitric oxide: NOS3 activation and regulation (Bos taurus)
eNOS activation (Bos taurus)
DDAH1,2 hydrolyses ADMA to DMA and L-Cit (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of nucleotides (Bos taurus)
Interconversion of nucleotide di- and triphosphates (Bos taurus)
UTP + glutamine + ATP + H2O => CTP + glutamate + ADP + orthophosphate [CTPS] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
dCMP + H2O => dUMP + NH4+ (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Nucleobase biosynthesis (Bos taurus)
Purine ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthesis (Bos taurus)
5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate (PRPP) + H2O + L-glutamine <=> 5-phosphoribosylamine + L-glutamate +pyrophosphate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
IMP + H2O + NAD+ => XMP + NADH + H+ [IMPDH1,2] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
XMP + L-Glutamine + ATP + H2O => GMP + L-Glutamate + AMP + pyrophosphate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Pyrimidine biosynthesis (Bos taurus)
L-glutamine + 2 ATP + HCO3- + H2O => carbamoyl phosphate + L-glutamate + 2 ADP + orthophosphate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
N-carbamoyl L-aspartate + H+ <=> (S)-dihydroorotate + H2O (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Nucleobase catabolism (Bos taurus)
Purine catabolism (Bos taurus)
(d)AMP, (d)GMP, or (d)IMP + H2O => (deoxy)adenosine, (deoxy)guanosine, or (deoxy)inosine + orthophosphate (NT5C1A) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
(d)GMP or (d)IMP + H2O => (d)G or (d)I + orthophosphate (NT5C) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
AMP + H2O => adenosine + orthophosphate [NT5C1B] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
DNPH1 hydrolyses dGMP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Guanine + H2O => Xanthine + NH4+ (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Phosphate bond hydrolysis by NUDT proteins (Bos taurus)
Cytosolic NUDT5 hydrolyses ADP-ribose to R5P and AMP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
NUDT1 hydrolyses 2-OH-ATP to 2-OH-AMP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
NUDT1 hydrolyses 2-OH-dATP to 2-OH-dAMP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
NUDT1 hydrolyses 8-oxo-dGTP to 8-oxo-dGMP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
NUDT15 hydrolyses 8-oxo-dGDP to 8-oxo-dGMP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
NUDT15 hydrolyses 8-oxo-dGTP to 8-oxo-dGMP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
NUDT18 hydrolyses 8-OH-dADP to 8-OH-dAMP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
NUDT18 hydrolyses 8-oxo-GDP to 8-oxo-GMP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
NUDT18 hydrolyses 8-oxo-dGDP to 8-oxo-dGMP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Pyrimidine catabolism (Bos taurus)
(d)CMP, TMP, or (d)UMP + H2O => (deoxy)cytidine, thymidine, or (deoxy)uridine + orthophosphate (NT5C1A) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
(d)CMP, TMP, or (d)UMP + H2O => (deoxy)cytidine, thymidine, or (deoxy)uridine + orthophosphate (NT5C3) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
5,6-dihydrothymine + H2O => beta-ureidoisobutyrate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
5,6-dihydrouracil + H2O => beta-ureidopropionate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
TMP, uridine 2', 3', or 5' monophosphates, or deoxyuridine 3' or 5' monophosphates + H2O => thymidine or (deoxy)uridine + orthophosphate [NT5C] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
beta-ureidoisobutyrate + H2O => 3-aminoisobutyrate + NH4+ + CO2 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
beta-ureidopropionate + H2O => beta-alanine + NH4+ + CO2 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Nucleotide salvage (Bos taurus)
Purine salvage (Bos taurus)
AMP + H2O => IMP + NH4+ (AMPD) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Pyrimidine salvage (Bos taurus)
(deoxy)cytidine + H2O => (deoxy)uridine + NH4+ (CDA) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of porphyrins (Bos taurus)
Heme biosynthesis (Bos taurus)
4 PBGs bind to form HMB (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ALAD condenses 2 dALAs to form PBG (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Heme degradation (Bos taurus)
HMOX1 dimer, HMOX2 cleave heme (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of vitamins and cofactors (Bos taurus)
Metabolism of cofactors (Bos taurus)
Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) synthesis, recycling, salvage and regulation (Bos taurus)
GCH1 reduces GTP to dihydroneopterin triphosphate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of water-soluble vitamins and cofactors (Bos taurus)
Metabolism of folate and pterines (Bos taurus)
ALDH1L1 dehydrogenates 10-formyl-THFPG to THFPG (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis (Bos taurus)
Molybdenum ion transfer onto molybdopterin (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) metabolism (Bos taurus)
2xENPP1 hydrolyzes FAD to FMN (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
2xTRAP hydrolyzes FMN to RIB (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Vitamins B6 activation to pyridoxal phosphate (Bos taurus)
2xPNPO:2xFMN oxidizes PXAP to PXLP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
AOX1 oxidises PXL to PDXate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Pyrophosphate hydrolysis (Bos taurus)
pyrophosphate + H2O => 2 orthophosphate [cytosolic] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide (Bos taurus)
Carbonic anhydrase dehydrates bicarbonate (cytosol) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Carbonic anhydrase hydrates carbon dioxide (cytosol) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of RNA (Bos taurus)
Deadenylation-dependent mRNA decay (Bos taurus)
mRNA decay by 3' to 5' exoribonuclease (Bos taurus)
DCPS scavenges the 7-methylguanosine cap of mRNA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of proteins (Bos taurus)
Post-translational protein modification (Bos taurus)
Asparagine N-linked glycosylation (Bos taurus)
Biosynthesis of the N-glycan precursor (dolichol lipid-linked oligosaccharide, LLO) and transfer to a nascent protein (Bos taurus)
Synthesis of substrates in N-glycan biosythesis (Bos taurus)
GDP-fucose biosynthesis (Bos taurus)
GMDS dehydrates GDP-Man to GDP-DHDMan (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Sialic acid metabolism (Bos taurus)
GNE hydrolyzes/epimerises UDP-GlcNAc to ManNAc and UDP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
NANP dephosphorylates Neu5Ac-9-P to Neu5Ac (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
NANS converts ManNAc-6-P to Neu5Ac-9-P (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
NEU2 hydrolyzes Neu5Ac from glycoconjugates (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
NEU3 hydrolyzes Neu5Ac from glycoconjugates (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of Dolichyl-phosphate (Bos taurus)
DOLPP1 dephosphorylates DOLDP to DOLP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of UDP-N-acetyl-glucosamine (Bos taurus)
AMDHD2 hydrolyses GlcNGc-6-P to GlcN6P and CCA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of dolichyl-phosphate-glucose (Bos taurus)
NUDT14 hydrolyses UDP-Glc to G1P and UMP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Transport to the Golgi and subsequent modification (Bos taurus)
ER to Golgi Anterograde Transport (Bos taurus)
COPII-mediated vesicle transport (Bos taurus)
PP6 dephosphorylates SEC24 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Deubiquitination (Bos taurus)
Josephin domain DUBs (Bos taurus)
ATXN3 family cleave Ub chains (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Ovarian tumor domain proteases (Bos taurus)
OTUD7B,TNFAIP3 deubiquitinate TRAF6 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
TNFAIP3 (A20) deubiquitinates K63polyUb-RIPK1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
TNFAIP3 in OTUD7B:TNFAIP3:ZRANB1 deubiquitinates K63polyUb-TRAF6 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
UCH proteinases (Bos taurus)
UCHL3, SENP8 cleave NEDD8 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Ub-specific processing proteases (Bos taurus)
USP11 deubiquitinates NFKBIA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
USP17 deubiquitinates RCE1, CDC25A, DDX58, IFIH1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
USP19 deubiquitinates RNF123 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
USP25 deubiquitinates DDX58 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
USP30 deubiquitinates Ub-MOM proteins (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
USP5 cleaves polyubiquitin (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Gamma carboxylation, hypusine formation and arylsulfatase activation (Bos taurus)
Hypusine synthesis from eIF5A-lysine (Bos taurus)
DOHH:Fe2+ hydroxylates Dhp-K50-EIF5A to form Hyp-K50-EIF5A (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Neddylation (Bos taurus)
UCHL3, SENP8 cleave NEDD8 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Post-translational modification: synthesis of GPI-anchored proteins (Bos taurus)
Synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) (Bos taurus)
N-acetylglucosaminyl-PI + H2O -> glucosaminyl-PI + acetate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Surfactant metabolism (Bos taurus)
ABCA3 transports PC, PG from ER membrane to lamellar body (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Translation (Bos taurus)
tRNA Aminoacylation (Bos taurus)
Cytosolic tRNA aminoacylation (Bos taurus)
pyrophosphate + H2O => 2 orthophosphate [cytosolic] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Muscle contraction (Bos taurus)
Cardiac conduction (Bos taurus)
Ion homeostasis (Bos taurus)
ATP1A:ATP1B:FXYD exchanges 3Na+ for 2K+ (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Neuronal System (Bos taurus)
Transmission across Chemical Synapses (Bos taurus)
Neurotransmitter clearance (Bos taurus)
Dopamine clearance from the synaptic cleft (Bos taurus)
Enzymatic degradation of Dopamine by monoamine oxidase (Bos taurus)
MAOA:FAD deaminates DA to DOPAC (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Enzymatic degradation of dopamine by COMT (Bos taurus)
MAOA:FAD deaminates 3MT to HVA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Serotonin clearance from the synaptic cleft (Bos taurus)
Metabolism of serotonin (Bos taurus)
MAOA:FAD oxidatively deaminates of 5HT (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Neurotransmitter release cycle (Bos taurus)
Norepinephrine Neurotransmitter Release Cycle (Bos taurus)
Metabolism of Noradrenaline (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Signal Transduction (Bos taurus)
Intracellular signaling by second messengers (Bos taurus)
DAG and IP3 signaling (Bos taurus)
CaM pathway (Bos taurus)
Calmodulin induced events (Bos taurus)
Cam-PDE 1 activation (Bos taurus)
cAMP hydrolysis by Cam-PDE 1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
MAPK family signaling cascades (Bos taurus)
MAPK1/MAPK3 signaling (Bos taurus)
RAF/MAP kinase cascade (Bos taurus)
Negative regulation of MAPK pathway (Bos taurus)
PP2A dephosphorylates RAF1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PP5 dephosphorylates RAF1 S338 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
RAF activation (Bos taurus)
PP2A dephosphorylates KSR1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PP2A dephosphorylates inactive RAFs (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
RAS processing (Bos taurus)
RAS proteins are depalmitoylated (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
MTOR signalling (Bos taurus)
Energy dependent regulation of mTOR by LKB1-AMPK (Bos taurus)
AMPK is dephosphorylated (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Signaling by GPCR (Bos taurus)
GPCR downstream signalling (Bos taurus)
G alpha (i) signalling events (Bos taurus)
Opioid Signalling (Bos taurus)
DARPP-32 events (Bos taurus)
PDE4A,C,D hydrolyse cAMP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
G-protein mediated events (Bos taurus)
PLC beta mediated events (Bos taurus)
Ca-dependent events (Bos taurus)
CaM pathway (Bos taurus)
Calmodulin induced events (Bos taurus)
Cam-PDE 1 activation (Bos taurus)
cAMP hydrolysis by Cam-PDE 1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Inactivation of PLC beta (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PIP2 hydrolysis (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Visual phototransduction (Bos taurus)
The canonical retinoid cycle in rods (twilight vision) (Bos taurus)
11cRAL binds to opsin to form 11c-retinyl:RHO (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP4V2 omega-hydroxylates DHA to HDoHE (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
The phototransduction cascade (Bos taurus)
Inactivation, recovery and regulation of the phototransduction cascade (Bos taurus)
PP2A dephosphorylates p-RHO to RHO (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
at-retinyl is hydrolysed from p-MII:SAG to release atRAL (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
The retinoid cycle in cones (daylight vision) (Bos taurus)
OPN1LW binds 11cRAL (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
OPN1MW binds 11cRAL (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
OPN1SW binds 11cRAL (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
at-retinyl is hydrolysed from R* to release atRAL (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
G alpha (q) signalling events (Bos taurus)
Effects of PIP2 hydrolysis (Bos taurus)
Arachidonate production from DAG (Bos taurus)
2-AG hydrolysis to arachidonate by MAGL (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ABHD6,12 hydrolyse 3AG (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
G alpha (s) signalling events (Bos taurus)
PDE3A hydrolyses cAMP to AMP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PDE3B hydrolyses cAMP to AMP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
cAMP degradation by Phosphodiesterases (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Signaling by Non-Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (Bos taurus)
Signaling by PTK6 (Bos taurus)
PTK6 Down-Regulation (Bos taurus)
PTPN1 dephosphorylates PTK6 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Signaling by Nuclear Receptors (Bos taurus)
Signaling by Retinoic Acid (Bos taurus)
RA biosynthesis pathway (Bos taurus)
ALDH8A1 oxidises 9cRAL to 9cRA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ALDHs oxidise atRAL to atRA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP26A1,B1,C1 4-hydroxylate atRA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP26C1 4-hydroxylates 9cRA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Signaling by Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (Bos taurus)
Signaling by EGFR (Bos taurus)
GAB1 signalosome (Bos taurus)
Dephosphorylation of Gab1 by SHP2 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Dephosphorylation of PAG by SHP2 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
SHP2 dephosphorylates Tyr 992 on EGFR (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Signaling by ERBB2 (Bos taurus)
Downregulation of ERBB2 signaling (Bos taurus)
PTPN12 dephosphorylates ERBB2 on tyrosine Y1248 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Signaling by Insulin receptor (Bos taurus)
Insulin receptor signalling cascade (Bos taurus)
IRS-mediated signalling (Bos taurus)
PI3K Cascade (Bos taurus)
PKB-mediated events (Bos taurus)
PDE3B signalling (Bos taurus)
p-S295-PDE3B hydrolyses cAMP to AMP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Signaling by Type 1 Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor (IGF1R) (Bos taurus)
IGF1R signaling cascade (Bos taurus)
IRS-related events triggered by IGF1R (Bos taurus)
IRS-mediated signalling (Bos taurus)
PI3K Cascade (Bos taurus)
PKB-mediated events (Bos taurus)
PDE3B signalling (Bos taurus)
p-S295-PDE3B hydrolyses cAMP to AMP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Signaling by Rho GTPases (Bos taurus)
Rho GTPase cycle (Bos taurus)
RHOBTB GTPase Cycle (Bos taurus)
RHOBTB3 ATPase cycle (Bos taurus)
RHOBTB3 hydrolyzes ATP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Transport of small molecules (Bos taurus)
ABC-family proteins mediated transport (Bos taurus)
ABC transporters in lipid homeostasis (Bos taurus)
ABCA12 transports lipids from cytosol to extracellular region (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ABCA3 transports PC, PG from ER membrane to lamellar body (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ABCD1-3 dimers transfer LCFAs from cytosol to peroxisomal matrix (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ABCG1-mediated transport of intracellular cholesterol to the cell surface (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ABCA8,B1,B5 transport xenobiotics from cytosol to extracellular region (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ABCB4 transports PC from plasma membrane to extracellular region (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ABCB9 transports peptides from cytosol to lysosomal lumen (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Mitochondrial ABC transporters (Bos taurus)
ABCB6 transports porphyrin from cytosol to mitchondrial matrix (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
The ABCC family mediates organic anion transport (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Aquaporin-mediated transport (Bos taurus)
Passive transport by Aquaporins (Bos taurus)
Aquaporins passively transport water into cells (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Aquaporins passively transport water out of cells (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Vasopressin regulates renal water homeostasis via Aquaporins (Bos taurus)
Aquaporin-1 passively transports water into cell (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Aquaporin-1 passively transports water out of cell (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Aquaporin-4 passively transports water out of cell (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
p-S256-Aquaporin-2 passively transports water into cell (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Ion channel transport (Bos taurus)
Ion transport by P-type ATPases (Bos taurus)
ATP13A1 transports Mn2+ from cytosol to ER lumen (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ATP13A2 transports cations from cytosol to lysosomal lumen (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ATP13A4,5 transport divalent ions from extracellular region to cytosol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ATP1A:ATP1B:FXYD exchanges 3Na+ for 2K+ (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ATP2C1/2:Mg2+ transport cytosolic Ca2+ to Golgi lumen (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ATP4A/12A:ATP4B exchanges K+ for H+ (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
P-type ATPases type IV transport external-facing APLs to internal side of the plasma membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
P-type ATPases type IV transport internal-facing APLs to external side of the plasma membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Iron uptake and transport (Bos taurus)
HMOX1 dimer, HMOX2 cleave heme (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
O2/CO2 exchange in erythrocytes (Bos taurus)
Erythrocytes take up carbon dioxide and release oxygen (Bos taurus)
Carbonic anhydrase I/II hydrates carbon dioxide (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Erythrocytes take up oxygen and release carbon dioxide (Bos taurus)
Carbonic anhydrase I/II dehydrates bicarbonate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Plasma lipoprotein assembly, remodeling, and clearance (Bos taurus)
Plasma lipoprotein clearance (Bos taurus)
LDL clearance (Bos taurus)
CES3 hydrolyses CHEST to CHOL and LCFA(-) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
NCEH1 hydrolyzes cholesterol esters (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Plasma lipoprotein remodeling (Bos taurus)
HDL remodeling (Bos taurus)
ABCG1-mediated transport of intracellular cholesterol to the cell surface (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Vesicle-mediated transport (Bos taurus)
Membrane Trafficking (Bos taurus)
ER to Golgi Anterograde Transport (Bos taurus)
COPII-mediated vesicle transport (Bos taurus)
PP6 dephosphorylates SEC24 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Rab regulation of trafficking (Bos taurus)
TBC/RABGAPs (Bos taurus)
TBC1D15 accelerates GTP hydrolysis by RAB7 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
TBC1D25 accelerates GTP hydrolysis by RAB33B (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Autophagy (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Macroautophagy (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Selective autophagy (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Pexophagy (Caenorhabditis elegans)
USP30 deubiquitinates ATM dimer:Ub-p-PEX5 (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Cell Cycle (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Cell Cycle, Mitotic (Caenorhabditis elegans)
M Phase (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Mitotic Metaphase and Anaphase (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Mitotic Anaphase (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Nuclear Envelope (NE) Reassembly (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Initiation of Nuclear Envelope (NE) Reformation (Caenorhabditis elegans)
PP2A dephosphorylates BANF1 (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Postmitotic nuclear pore complex (NPC) reformation (Caenorhabditis elegans)
RAN stimulates fusion of nuclear envelope (NE) membranes (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Sealing of the nuclear envelope (NE) by ESCRT-III (Caenorhabditis elegans)
VPS4 mediates disassembly of ESCRTIII subunits to promote sealing of holes in the nuclear envelope (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Mitotic Prometaphase (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Condensation of Prometaphase Chromosomes (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Dephosphorylation of CK2-modified condensin I (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Mitotic G2-G2/M phases (Caenorhabditis elegans)
G2/M Transition (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Cyclin A/B1/B2 associated events during G2/M transition (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Dephosphorylation of cytoplasmic Cyclin B1/B2:phospho-Cdc2 (Thr 14, Tyr 15) complexes by CDC25B (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Regulation of mitotic cell cycle (Caenorhabditis elegans)
APC/C-mediated degradation of cell cycle proteins (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Conversion from APC/C:Cdc20 to APC/C:Cdh1 in late anaphase (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Dephosphorylation of phospho-Cdh1 (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Cellular responses to external stimuli (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Cellular responses to stress (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Detoxification of Reactive Oxygen Species (Caenorhabditis elegans)
2 glutathione, reduced + H2O2 => glutathione, oxidized + 2 H2O (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
GPX2 catalyzes 2 glutathione, reduced + H2O2 => glutathione, oxidized + 2 H2O (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
PRDX1,2,5 catalyze TXN reduced + H2O2 => TXN oxidized + 2H2O (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
PRDX6:GSTP1 catalyzes 2 glutathione, reduced + H2O2 => glutathione, oxidized + 2 H2O (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Developmental Biology (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Nervous system development (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Axon guidance (Caenorhabditis elegans)
EPH-Ephrin signaling (Caenorhabditis elegans)
EPHB-mediated forward signaling (Caenorhabditis elegans)
p120-RasGAP activates GTP hydrolysis on RAS, inactivating it (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
L1CAM interactions (Caenorhabditis elegans)
LYPLA2 hydrolyses PALM-C3,4-GAP43 (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Semaphorin interactions (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Sema4D in semaphorin signaling (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Sema4D mediated inhibition of cell attachment and migration (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Inactivation of Rho-GTP by p190RhoGAP (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Gene expression (Transcription) (Caenorhabditis elegans)
RNA Polymerase II Transcription (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Generic Transcription Pathway (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Transcriptional Regulation by TP53 (Caenorhabditis elegans)
TP53 Regulates Metabolic Genes (Caenorhabditis elegans)
GPX2 catalyzes 2 glutathione, reduced + H2O2 => glutathione, oxidized + 2 H2O (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
PRDX1 overoxidizes (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
PRDX1,2,5 catalyze TXN reduced + H2O2 => TXN oxidized + 2H2O (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Hemostasis (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Platelet activation, signaling and aggregation (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Effects of PIP2 hydrolysis (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Arachidonate production from DAG (Caenorhabditis elegans)
ABHD6,12 hydrolyse 3AG (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Platelet homeostasis (Caenorhabditis elegans)
PAFAH2 hydrolyses PAF to lyso-PAF and acetate (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Immune System (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Adaptive Immune System (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Class I MHC mediated antigen processing & presentation (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Antigen Presentation: Folding, assembly and peptide loading of class I MHC (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Transport of Antigen peptide in to ER (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Costimulation by the CD28 family (Caenorhabditis elegans)
CTLA4 inhibitory signaling (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Dephosphorylation of AKT by PP2A (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
TCR signaling (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Downstream TCR signaling (Caenorhabditis elegans)
PTEN dephosphorylates PIP3 (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Generation of second messenger molecules (Caenorhabditis elegans)
PLC-gamma1 hydrolyses PIP2 (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Cytokine Signaling in Immune system (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Interferon Signaling (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Antiviral mechanism by IFN-stimulated genes (Caenorhabditis elegans)
OAS antiviral response (Caenorhabditis elegans)
PDE12 cleaves 2'-5' oligoadenylates (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Innate Immune System (Caenorhabditis elegans)
C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) (Caenorhabditis elegans)
CLEC7A (Dectin-1) signaling (Caenorhabditis elegans)
p-Y753,Y759-PLCG2 hydrolyses PIP2 (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Fcgamma receptor (FCGR) dependent phagocytosis (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Role of phospholipids in phagocytosis (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Hydrolysis of PC to PA by PLD (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Production of AA by iPLA2 upon FCGR activation (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Abacavir transport and metabolism (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Abacavir metabolism (Caenorhabditis elegans)
abacavir monophosphate + H2O => carbovir monophosphate + cyclopropylamine (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Biological oxidations (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Aflatoxin activation and detoxification (Caenorhabditis elegans)
ACY1:Zn2+ dimer hydrolyses mercapturic acids (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP1A2,3A4,3A5,2A13 oxidise AFB1 to AFXBO (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP2A13 oxidises AFM1 to AFM1E (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Phase I - Functionalization of compounds (Caenorhabditis elegans)
AADAC deacetylates PHEN (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
ALD3A1 oxidises 4HPCP to CXPA (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
BPHL hydrolyses VACV to ACV (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
CES3 hydrolyses CHEST to CHOL and LCFA(-) (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Cytochrome P450 - arranged by substrate type (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Eicosanoids (Caenorhabditis elegans)
CYP4F2, 4F3 20-hydroxylate LTB4 (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP4F22 20-hydroxylates TrXA3 (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Endogenous sterols (Caenorhabditis elegans)
CYP19A1 hydroxylates ANDST to E1 (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP4V2 omega-hydroxylates DHA to HDoHE (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Vitamins (Caenorhabditis elegans)
CYP2R1 25-hydroxylates VD3 to 25(OH)D (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
EPHX1 hydrates BaP4,5O to BaP4,5-DHD (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Ethanol oxidation (Caenorhabditis elegans)
acetaldehyde + NAD+ => acetate + NADH + H+ [cytosolic] (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
MARC1,MARC2 reduce N-hydroxylated compounds (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Phase II - Conjugation of compounds (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Cytosolic sulfonation of small molecules (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate (PAP) + H2O => AMP + orthophosphate (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Glucuronidation (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Formation of the active cofactor, UDP-glucuronate (Caenorhabditis elegans)
UDP-glucose is oxidised to UDP-glucuronate (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Glutathione conjugation (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Glutathione synthesis and recycling (Caenorhabditis elegans)
CNDP2:2Mn2+ dimer hydrolyses CysGly (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
OPLAH hydrolyses OPRO to L-Glu (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Methylation (Caenorhabditis elegans)
AHCY:NAD+ tetramer hydrolyses AdoHcy (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
GSTO1 dimer reduces methylarsonate to methylarsonite (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
MAT1A multimers transfer Ado from ATP to L-Met (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Inositol phosphate metabolism (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Synthesis of IP2, IP, and Ins in the cytosol (Caenorhabditis elegans)
I(1,3,4)P3 is dephosphorylated to I(1,3)P2 by INPP4A/B in the cytosol (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
I(1,4,5)P3 is dephosphorylated to I(1,4)P2 by INPP5(4) in the cytosol (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
I(1,4,5)P3 is dephosphorylated to I(1,4)P2 by INPP5A/B at the plasma membrane (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
I(3,4)P2 is dephosphorylated to I3P by INPP4A/B in the cytosol (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
I1P is dephosphorylated to Ins by IMPA1/2 in the cytosol (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
I3P is dephosphorylated to Ins by IMPA1/2 in the cytosol (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
I4P is dephosphorylated to Ins by IMPA1/2 in the cytosol (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
MIOX oxidises Ins to GlcA (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of IP3 and IP4 in the cytosol (Caenorhabditis elegans)
I(1,3,4,5)P4 is dephosphorylated to I(1,3,4)P3 by INPP5B at the plasma membrane (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
I(1,3,4,5)P4 is dephosphorylated to I(1,3,4)P3 by INPP5[3]/ITPK1 in the cytosol (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
I(1,3,4,5)P4 is dephosphorylated to I(1,4,5)P3 by PTEN in the cytosol (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
PI(4,5)P2 is hydrolysed to I(1,4,5)P3 and DAG by cytosolic PLC[2] at the plasma membrane (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
PI(4,5)P2 is hydrolysed to I(1,4,5)P3 and DAG by tethered PLC[1] at the plasma membrane (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
PL(C)D4:3xCa2+ hydrolse PI(4,5)P2 to I(1,4,5)P3 and DAG at the ER membrane (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of pyrophosphates in the cytosol (Caenorhabditis elegans)
(PP)2-IP4 is dephosphorylated to 1/3-PP-IP5 by NUDT(1) in the cytosol (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
(PP)2-IP4 is dephosphorylated to 5-PP-IP5 by NUDT(1) in the cytosol (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
1/3 PP-IP5 is dephosphorylated to IP6 by NUDT(1) in the cytosol (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
5-PP-IP5 is dephosphorylated to IP6 by NUDT(1) in the cytosol (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
PP-IP4 is dephosphorylated to I(1,3,4,5,6)P5 by NUDT4 in the cytosol (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Integration of energy metabolism (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Regulation of insulin secretion (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Acetylcholine regulates insulin secretion (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Activated Phospholipase C beta-1 hydrolyzes 1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Free fatty acids regulate insulin secretion (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Fatty Acids bound to GPR40 (FFAR1) regulate insulin secretion (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Activated Phospholipase C beta-1 hydrolyzes 1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Aspartate and asparagine metabolism (Caenorhabditis elegans)
ASPG hydrolyses L-Asn to L-Asp (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Carnitine synthesis (Caenorhabditis elegans)
ALDH9A1 tetramer dehydrogenates TEABL to form TEABT (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Histidine catabolism (Caenorhabditis elegans)
4-imidazolone-5-propionate + H2O => N-formiminoglutamate + 2H+ (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
urocanate + H2O => 4-imidazolone-5-propionate (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Phenylalanine metabolism (Caenorhabditis elegans)
4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin => q-dihydrobiopterin + H2O (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Tyrosine catabolism (Caenorhabditis elegans)
fumarylacetoacetate => fumarate + acetoacetate (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Selenoamino acid metabolism (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Metabolism of ingested SeMet, Sec, MeSec into H2Se (Caenorhabditis elegans)
SeMet is converted to AdoSeMet by MAT (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Selenocysteine synthesis (Caenorhabditis elegans)
SEPHS2 phosphorylates H2Se to form SELP (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Serine biosynthesis (Caenorhabditis elegans)
PSPH:Mg2+ dimer dephosphorylates O-P-Ser (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
PXLP-K56-SRR dimer deaminates D-Ser (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
PXLP-K56-SRR dimer deaminates L-Ser (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Sulfur amino acid metabolism (Caenorhabditis elegans)
AHCY:NAD+ tetramer hydrolyses AdoHcy (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Cysteine formation from homocysteine (Caenorhabditis elegans)
PXLP-CBS tetramers condenses HCYS and L-Ser to form L-Cystathionine (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
PXLP-K212-CTH cleaves L-Cystathionine (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Degradation of cysteine and homocysteine (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Cysteine is degraded to serine and H2S (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Homocysteine is degraded to oxobutanoate and H2S (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
MAT1A multimers transfer Ado from ATP to L-Met (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Methionine salvage pathway (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Acireductone is created (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Tryptophan catabolism (Caenorhabditis elegans)
3-hydroxykynurenine + H2O => 3-hydroxyanthranilate + alanine (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
kynurenine + O2 + NADPH + H+ => 3-hydroxykynurenine + NADP+ + H2O (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Urea cycle (Caenorhabditis elegans)
arginine + H2O => ornithine + urea [ARG1] (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of carbohydrates (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Fructose metabolism (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Fructose catabolism (Caenorhabditis elegans)
ALDH1A1 oxidises GA to DGA (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Glucose metabolism (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Gluconeogenesis (Caenorhabditis elegans)
D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate + H2O => D-fructose 6-phosphate + orthophosphate (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Phosphoenolpyruvate + H2O <=> 2-Phospho-D-glycerate (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Glycolysis (Caenorhabditis elegans)
2-Phospho-D-glycerate <=> Phosphoenolpyruvate + H2O (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
GNPDA1,2 hexamers deaminate GlcN6P to Fru(6)P (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Regulation of glycolysis by fructose 2,6-bisphosphate metabolism (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate is hydrolyzed to form fructose-6-phosphate and orthophosphate (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Glycogen metabolism (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Glycogen synthesis (Caenorhabditis elegans)
EPM2A dimer dephosphorylates phosphoglycogen-GYG2 (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Pentose phosphate pathway (Caenorhabditis elegans)
D-glucono-1,5-lactone 6-phosphate + H2O => 6-phospho-D-gluconate (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of lipids (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Biosynthesis of specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs) (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Biosynthesis of DHA-derived SPMs (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Biosynthesis of D-series resolvins (Caenorhabditis elegans)
GPX4-2 reduces 17(S)-Hp-DHA to 17(S)-HDHA (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
LTA4H:Zn2+ hydrolyses 4S(5)-epoxy-17(S)-HDHA to RvD3 or RvD4 (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
LTA4H:Zn2+ hydrolyses 7S(8)-epoxy-17(S)-HDHA to RvD1 or RvD2 (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Biosynthesis of aspirin-triggered D-series resolvins (Caenorhabditis elegans)
GPX4-2 reduces 17(R)-Hp-DHA to 17(R)-HDHA (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
LTA4H:Zn2+ hydrolyses 4S(5)-epoxy-17(R)-HDHA to AT-RvD3 or AT-RvD4 (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
LTA4H:Zn2+ hydrolyses 7S(8)-epoxy-17(R)-HDHA to AT-RvD1 or AT-RvD2 (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Biosynthesis of maresins (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Biosynthesis of maresin-like SPMs (Caenorhabditis elegans)
CYP2E1 oxidises 14(R)-HDHA to 14(R),21(R)-diHDHA and 14(R),21(S)-diHDHA (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP2E1 oxidises 14(S)-HDHA to 14(S),21(R)-diHDHA and 14(S),21(S)-diHDHA (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
CYPs hydroxylate DHA to 14(R)-HDHA (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Biosynthesis of protectins (Caenorhabditis elegans)
LTA4H:Zn2+ hydrolyses 16S,17S-epoxy-DHA to (N)PD1 (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
LTA4H:Zn2+ hydrolyses 17R(16)-epoxy-DHA to AT-(N)PD1 (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Biosynthesis of EPA-derived SPMs (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Biosynthesis of E-series 18(R)-resolvins (Caenorhabditis elegans)
GPX4-2 reduces 18(R)-HpEPE to 18(R)-HEPE (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
LTA4H:Zn2+ hydrolyses 5S,6S-epoxy-18(R)-HEPE to 18(R)-RvE1 (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Biosynthesis of E-series 18(S)-resolvins (Caenorhabditis elegans)
GPX4-2 reduces 18(S)-HpEPE to 18(S)-HEPE (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
LTA4H:Zn2+ hydrolyses 5S,6S-epoxy-18(S)-HEPE to 18(S)-RvE1 (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Fatty acid metabolism (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Arachidonic acid metabolism (Caenorhabditis elegans)
FAAH hydrolyses AEA to AA and ETA (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of 12-eicosatetraenoic acid derivatives (Caenorhabditis elegans)
12R-HpETE is reduced to 12R-HETE by GPX1/2/4 (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
12S-HpETE is reduced to 12S-HETE by GPX1/2/4 (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of 15-eicosatetraenoic acid derivatives (Caenorhabditis elegans)
15S-HpETE is reduced to 15S-HETE by GPX1/2/4 (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of Leukotrienes (LT) and Eoxins (EX) (Caenorhabditis elegans)
20cho-LTB4 is oxidised to 20cooh-LTB4 by CYP4F2/4F3 (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
20oh-LTB4 is oxidised to 20cho-LTB4 by CYP4F2/4F3 (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP4F2, 4F3 20-hydroxylate LTB4 (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
LTA4 is hydolysed to LTB4 by LTA4H (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of epoxy (EET) and dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHET) (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Arachidonic acid is epoxidated to 5,6-EET by CYP(4) (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Arachidonic acid is epoxidated to 8,9/11,12/14,15-EET by CYP(5) (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Fatty acyl-CoA biosynthesis (Caenorhabditis elegans)
SCD desaturates ST-CoA to OLE-CoA (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
SCD5 desaturates ST-CoA to OLE-CoA (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of very long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs (Caenorhabditis elegans)
ACSL1,3,5,6 ligate CoA to PALM to form PALM-CoA (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
ACSL3,4 ligate CoA to AA to form AA-CoA (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
PTPLs dehydrate VLC3HA-CoA to VLCTDA-CoA (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
acetyl-CoA + 7 malonyl-CoA + 14 NADHP + 14 H+ => palmitate + 7 CO2 + 14 NADP+ + 8 CoASH + 6 H2O (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Beta-Oxidation (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Cytosolic ACOTs hydrolyse MCFA-CoA, LCFA-CoA (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of steroids (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Bile acid and bile salt metabolism (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Recycling of bile acids and salts (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Cytosolic cholate and chenodeoxycholate are conjugated with Coenzyme A (SLC27A5 BACS) (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Cholesterol is hydroxylated to 25-hydroxycholesterol (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 24-hydroxycholesterol (Caenorhabditis elegans)
3,7,24THCA is conjugated with Coenzyme A (SLC27A2 VLCS) (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
3,7,24THCA is conjugated with Coenzyme A (SLC27A5 BACS) (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
TetraHCA is conjugated with Coenzyme A (SLC27A2 VLCS) (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
TetraHCA is conjugated with Coenzyme A (SLC27A5 BACS) (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Cholesterol biosynthesis (Caenorhabditis elegans)
4,4-dimethylcholesta-8(9),24-dien-3beta-ol is oxidized to 4-methyl,4-carboxycholesta-8(9),24-dien-3beta-ol (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
4-methylcholesta-8(9),24-dien-3beta-ol is oxidized to 4-carboxycholesta-8(9),24-dien-3beta-ol (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
HMGCS1 condenses Ac-CoA and ACA-CoA to form bHMG-CoA (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Phospholipid phosphatase 6 hydrolyses Presqualene diphosphate to presqualene monophosphate (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of steroid hormones (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Estrogen biosynthesis (Caenorhabditis elegans)
CYP19A1 hydroxylates ANDST to E1 (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP19A1 hydroxylates TEST to EST17b (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Vitamin D (calciferol) metabolism (Caenorhabditis elegans)
CYP24A1 hydroxylates 1,25(OH)2D, inactivating it (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP2R1 25-hydroxylates VD3 to 25(OH)D (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Phospholipid metabolism (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Glycerophospholipid biosynthesis (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Acyl chain remodeling of DAG and TAG (Caenorhabditis elegans)
DAG is hydrolyzed to 2-MAG by PNPLA2/3 (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
TAG is hydrolyzed to DAG by PNPLA2/3 (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Acyl chain remodelling of PC (Caenorhabditis elegans)
PC is hydrolyzed to 1-acyl LPC by PLA2[5] (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
PC is hydrolyzed to 1-acyl LPC by PLA2[6] (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
THEM86B hydrolyses PMCHO, PMETAM (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Acyl chain remodelling of PE (Caenorhabditis elegans)
ABHD4 hydrolyses NAPE (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
PE is hydrolyzed to 1-acyl LPE by PLA2[2] (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
PE is hydrolyzed to 1-acyl LPE by PLA2[3] (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of PA (Caenorhabditis elegans)
PC is hydrolyzed to PA and choline by PLD1/2 (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of PC (Caenorhabditis elegans)
ABHD3 hydrolyses LPC(14:0) to 1AGPC (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
PA is dephosphorylated to DAG by LPIN (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of PE (Caenorhabditis elegans)
PA is dephosphorylated to DAG by LPIN (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
PI Metabolism (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Glycerophospholipid catabolism (Caenorhabditis elegans)
GDE1 hydrolyzes GroPIns (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
PNPLA6 hydrolyzes LysoPtdCho (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of PIPs at the ER membrane (Caenorhabditis elegans)
PI4P is dephosphorylated to PI by SACM1L at the ER membrane (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of PIPs at the Golgi membrane (Caenorhabditis elegans)
PI(4,5)P2 is dephosphorylated to PI4P by OCRL/INPP5E at the Golgi membrane (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
PI3P is dephosphorylated to PI by SACM1L at the Golgi membrane (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of PIPs at the early endosome membrane (Caenorhabditis elegans)
PI(3,4)P2 is dephosphorylated to PI3P by INPP4A/B at the early endosome membrane (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
PI(3,5)P2 is dephosphorylated to PI5P by MTM proteins at the early endosome membrane (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
PI(4,5)P2, PI(3,4)P2 and PI(3,4,5)P3 are dephosphorylated to PI5P, PI3P and PI(3,4)P by INPP5F at the endosome membrane (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
PI3P is dephosphorylated to PI by MTM proteins at the early endosome membrane (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
PI3P is dephosphorylated to PI by MTM1:MTMR12 (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of PIPs at the late endosome membrane (Caenorhabditis elegans)
PI(3,5)P2 is dephosphorylated to PI5P by MTM proteins at the late endosome membrane (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
PI3P is dephosphorylated to PI by MTM proteins at the late endosome membrane (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of PIPs at the plasma membrane (Caenorhabditis elegans)
PI(3,4)P2 is dephosphorylated to PI3P by INPP4A/B at the plasma membrane (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
PI(3,4)P2 is dephosphorylated to PI4P by PTEN at the plasma membrane (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
PI(3,4,5)P3 is dephosphorylated to PI(3,4)P2 by INPP5[2] at the plasma membrane (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
PI(3,5)P2 is dephosphorylated to PI3P by SYNJ at the plasma membrane (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
PI(3,5)P2 is dephosphorylated to PI5P by MTMR9-bound MTMR6 or MTMR8 at the plasma membrane (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
PI(3,5)P2 is dephosphorylated to PI5P by SYNJ/MTMs at the plasma membrane (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
PI(4,5)P2 is dephosphorylated to PI4P by SYNJ/INPP5[1] at the plasma membrane (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
PI3P is dephosphorylated to PI by MTMR9-bound MTMR8 or MTMR6 at the plasma membrane (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
PI3P is dephosphorylated to PI by SYNJ/MTMs at the plasma membrane (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
PI4P is dephosphorylated to PI by SYNJ at the plasma membrane (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
PTEN dephosphorylates PIP3 (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Sphingolipid metabolism (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Glycosphingolipid metabolism (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 7 (ENPP7) hydrolyses sphingomyelin (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Glucosylceramidase 2 cleaves the glucosidic bond of glucocerebroside to form ceramide (plasma membrane) (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Glucosylceramidase 3 cleaves the glucosidic bond of glucocerebroside to form ceramide (cytosol) (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 and 3 (SMPD2 and 3) hydrolyse sphingomyelin to ceramide (plasma membrane) (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Sphingolipid de novo biosynthesis (Caenorhabditis elegans)
ALDH3A2-1 oxidises HD2NAL to PALM (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
ALDH3B1 oxidises HXAL to PALM (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
ALDH3B2 oxidises HXAL to PALM (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
FA2H hydroxylates CERA (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
ceramide + H2O <=> stearate + sphingosine [endoplasmic reticulum] (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
ceramide + H2O => stearate + sphingosine [Golgi] (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
dihydroceramide + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 => ceramide + NAD(P)+ + H2O (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
dihydroceramide + NADPH + H+ + O2 => phytoceramide + NADP+ + H2O (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
sphingosine 1-phosphate + H2O => sphingosine + orthophosphate [cytosolic - PPAP] (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Triglyceride metabolism (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Triglyceride biosynthesis (Caenorhabditis elegans)
1,2-diacyl-glycerol 3-phosphate + H2O => 1,2-diacyl-glycerol + orthophosphate (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
AGMO cleaves alkylglycerol into fatty aldehyde and glycerol (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Triglyceride catabolism (Caenorhabditis elegans)
PNPLA5 hydrolyzes TAG (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of nucleotides (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Interconversion of nucleotide di- and triphosphates (Caenorhabditis elegans)
RNR (M1M2) reduces nucleotide diphosphates to deoxynucleotide diphosphates (glutaredoxin) (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
RNR (M1M2) reduces nucleotide diphosphates to deoxynucleotide diphosphates (thioredoxin) (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
RNR (M1M2B) reduces nucleotide diphosphates to deoxynucleotide diphosphates (glutaredoxin) (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
RNR (M1M2B) reduces nucleotide diphosphates to deoxynucleotide diphosphates (thioredoxin) (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
UTP + glutamine + ATP + H2O => CTP + glutamate + ADP + orthophosphate [CTPS2] (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
UTP + glutamine + ATP + H2O => CTP + glutamate + ADP + orthophosphate [CTPS] (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
dCMP + H2O => dUMP + NH4+ (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Nucleobase biosynthesis (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Purine ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthesis (Caenorhabditis elegans)
5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate (PRPP) + H2O + L-glutamine <=> 5-phosphoribosylamine + L-glutamate +pyrophosphate (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
FAICAR => IMP + H2O (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
FGAR + L-Glutamine + ATP + H2O => FGAM + L-Glutamate + ADP + Pi (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
IMP + H2O + NAD+ => XMP + NADH + H+ [IMPDH1,2] (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
LHPP:Mg2+ dimer hydrolyses PPi (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
XMP + L-Glutamine + ATP + H2O => GMP + L-Glutamate + AMP + pyrophosphate (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Pyrimidine biosynthesis (Caenorhabditis elegans)
L-glutamine + 2 ATP + HCO3- + H2O => carbamoyl phosphate + L-glutamate + 2 ADP + orthophosphate (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
N-carbamoyl L-aspartate + H+ <=> (S)-dihydroorotate + H2O (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Nucleobase catabolism (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Purine catabolism (Caenorhabditis elegans)
(d)GMP or (d)IMP + H2O => (2'-deoxy)guanosine or (2'-deoxy)inosine + orthophosphate (NT5C2) (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
2 glutathione, reduced + H2O2 => glutathione, oxidized + 2 H2O (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Hypoxanthine + H2O + O2 => Xanthine + H2O2 (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
ITPA hydrolyses ITP to IMP (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
ITPA hydrolyses XTP to XMP (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
ITPA hydrolyses dITP to dIMP (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Phosphate bond hydrolysis by NUDT proteins (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Cytosolic NUDT5 hydrolyses ADP-ribose to R5P and AMP (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
NUDT18 hydrolyses 8-OH-dADP to 8-OH-dAMP (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
NUDT18 hydrolyses 8-oxo-GDP to 8-oxo-GMP (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
NUDT18 hydrolyses 8-oxo-dGDP to 8-oxo-dGMP (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Xanthine + H2O + O2 => Urate + H2O2 (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Pyrimidine catabolism (Caenorhabditis elegans)
(d)CMP, TMP, or (d)UMP + H2O => (deoxy)cytidine, thymidine, or (deoxy)uridine + orthophosphate (NT5C3) (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
5,6-dihydrothymine + H2O => beta-ureidoisobutyrate (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
5,6-dihydrouracil + H2O => beta-ureidopropionate (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
beta-ureidoisobutyrate + H2O => 3-aminoisobutyrate + NH4+ + CO2 (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
beta-ureidopropionate + H2O => beta-alanine + NH4+ + CO2 (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Nucleotide salvage (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Purine salvage (Caenorhabditis elegans)
(2'-deoxy)adenosine + H2O => (2'-deoxy)inosine + NH4+ (ADA) (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
AMP + H2O => IMP + NH4+ (AMPD) (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
N6-methyl-AMP + H2O => IMP + methylamine (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Pyrimidine salvage (Caenorhabditis elegans)
(deoxy)cytidine + H2O => (deoxy)uridine + NH4+ (CDA) (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
HDHD1:Mg2+ dephosphorylates PURIDP (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of vitamins and cofactors (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Metabolism of cofactors (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) synthesis, recycling, salvage and regulation (Caenorhabditis elegans)
GCH1 reduces GTP to dihydroneopterin triphosphate (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of water-soluble vitamins and cofactors (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Cobalamin (Cbl, vitamin B12) transport and metabolism (Caenorhabditis elegans)
ABCC1 transports cytosolic Cbl to extracellular region (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
ABCD4 may transport Cbl from lysosomal lumen to cytosol (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of folate and pterines (Caenorhabditis elegans)
10-formylTHF polyglutamate <=> 5,10-methenylTHF polyglutamate + H2O (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
5,10-methenylTHF polyglutamate + H2O <=> 10-formylTHF polyglutamate (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
ALDH1L1 dehydrogenates 10-formyl-THFPG to THFPG (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Cyclisation of GTP to precursor Z (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Molybdenum ion transfer onto molybdopterin (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Nicotinate metabolism (Caenorhabditis elegans)
NADSYN1 hexamer amidates NAAD to NAD+ (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) metabolism (Caenorhabditis elegans)
2xENPP1 hydrolyzes FAD to FMN (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
2xTRAP hydrolyzes FMN to RIB (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Vitamins B6 activation to pyridoxal phosphate (Caenorhabditis elegans)
2xPNPO:2xFMN oxidizes PXAP to PXLP (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
AOX1 oxidises PXL to PDXate (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Pyrophosphate hydrolysis (Caenorhabditis elegans)
pyrophosphate + H2O => 2 orthophosphate [cytosolic] (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Carbonic anhydrase dehydrates bicarbonate (cytosol) (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Carbonic anhydrase hydrates carbon dioxide (cytosol) (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of RNA (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Deadenylation-dependent mRNA decay (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Deadenylation of mRNA (Caenorhabditis elegans)
PAN2-PAN3 complex partially deadenylates mRNA (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
mRNA decay by 3' to 5' exoribonuclease (Caenorhabditis elegans)
DCPS scavenges the 7-methylguanosine cap of mRNA (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Exosome Complex hydrolyzes mRNA by 3' to 5' exoribonuclease digestion (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
NT5C3B hydrolyses 7MGP to 7MG (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
mRNA decay by 5' to 3' exoribonuclease (Caenorhabditis elegans)
DCP1-DCP2 complex decaps mRNA (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of proteins (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Post-translational protein modification (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Asparagine N-linked glycosylation (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Biosynthesis of the N-glycan precursor (dolichol lipid-linked oligosaccharide, LLO) and transfer to a nascent protein (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Synthesis of substrates in N-glycan biosythesis (Caenorhabditis elegans)
GDP-fucose biosynthesis (Caenorhabditis elegans)
GMDS dehydrates GDP-Man to GDP-DHDMan (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of UDP-N-acetyl-glucosamine (Caenorhabditis elegans)
AMDHD2 hydrolyses GlcNGc-6-P to GlcN6P and CCA (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of dolichyl-phosphate-glucose (Caenorhabditis elegans)
NUDT14 hydrolyses UDP-Glc to G1P and UMP (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
N-glycan trimming in the ER and Calnexin/Calreticulin cycle (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Deglycosylation complex hydrolyses N-glycans from unfolded glycoproteins (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Deubiquitination (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Josephin domain DUBs (Caenorhabditis elegans)
ATXN3 deubiquitinates polyUb-PARK2 (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
ATXN3 family cleave Ub chains (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
UCH proteinases (Caenorhabditis elegans)
UCHL1, UCHL3 cleave ubiquitin adducts (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
UCHL3, SENP8 cleave NEDD8 (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Ub-specific processing proteases (Caenorhabditis elegans)
CYLD deubiquitinates K63polyUb-TRAF2,K63polyUb-TRAF6,K63polyUb-RIPK1,K63polyUb-IKBKG (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
USP13 deubiquitinates BECN1,USP10 (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
USP15 deubiquitinates SMAD1,SMAD2,SMAD3, SMAD7:SMURF,KEAP1 (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
USP21 deubiquitinates RIPK1,DDX58 (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
USP30 deubiquitinates Ub-MOM proteins (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
USP4 deubiquitinate TRAF2,TRAF6 (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
USP5 cleaves polyubiquitin (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Gamma carboxylation, hypusine formation and arylsulfatase activation (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Hypusine synthesis from eIF5A-lysine (Caenorhabditis elegans)
DOHH:Fe2+ hydroxylates Dhp-K50-EIF5A to form Hyp-K50-EIF5A (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Neddylation (Caenorhabditis elegans)
UCHL3, SENP8 cleave NEDD8 (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Post-translational modification: synthesis of GPI-anchored proteins (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) (Caenorhabditis elegans)
N-acetylglucosaminyl-PI + H2O -> glucosaminyl-PI + acetate (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Surfactant metabolism (Caenorhabditis elegans)
ABCA3 transports PC, PG from ER membrane to lamellar body (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Translation (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Eukaryotic Translation Termination (Caenorhabditis elegans)
APEH hydrolyses NAc-Ser-protein (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
tRNA Aminoacylation (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Cytosolic tRNA aminoacylation (Caenorhabditis elegans)
pyrophosphate + H2O => 2 orthophosphate [cytosolic] (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Signal Transduction (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Intracellular signaling by second messengers (Caenorhabditis elegans)
DAG and IP3 signaling (Caenorhabditis elegans)
CaM pathway (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Calmodulin induced events (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Cam-PDE 1 activation (Caenorhabditis elegans)
cAMP hydrolysis by Cam-PDE 1 (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
PIP3 activates AKT signaling (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Negative regulation of the PI3K/AKT network (Caenorhabditis elegans)
PI5P, PP2A and IER3 Regulate PI3K/AKT Signaling (Caenorhabditis elegans)
AKT1 dephosphorylation by PP2A-B56-beta,gamma (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
PTEN dephosphorylates PIP3 (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
PTEN Regulation (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Regulation of PTEN stability and activity (Caenorhabditis elegans)
USP13 and OTUD3 deubiquitinate PTEN (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
MAPK family signaling cascades (Caenorhabditis elegans)
MAPK1/MAPK3 signaling (Caenorhabditis elegans)
RAF-independent MAPK1/3 activation (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Cytosolic DUSPs dephosphorylate MAPKs (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
RAF/MAP kinase cascade (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Negative regulation of MAPK pathway (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Cytosolic DUSPs dephosphorylate MAPKs (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
PTPN3 dephosphorylates MAPK12 (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
RAS processing (Caenorhabditis elegans)
RAS proteins are depalmitoylated (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
MTOR signalling (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Energy dependent regulation of mTOR by LKB1-AMPK (Caenorhabditis elegans)
AMPK is dephosphorylated (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Signaling by GPCR (Caenorhabditis elegans)
GPCR downstream signalling (Caenorhabditis elegans)
G alpha (i) signalling events (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Opioid Signalling (Caenorhabditis elegans)
DARPP-32 events (Caenorhabditis elegans)
PDE4A,C,D hydrolyse cAMP (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
p-S54-PDE4B hydrolyses cAMP (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
G-protein mediated events (Caenorhabditis elegans)
PLC beta mediated events (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Ca-dependent events (Caenorhabditis elegans)
CaM pathway (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Calmodulin induced events (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Cam-PDE 1 activation (Caenorhabditis elegans)
cAMP hydrolysis by Cam-PDE 1 (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Inactivation of PLC beta (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
PIP2 hydrolysis (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Visual phototransduction (Caenorhabditis elegans)
The canonical retinoid cycle in rods (twilight vision) (Caenorhabditis elegans)
ABCA4 mediates atRAL transport (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP4V2 omega-hydroxylates DHA to HDoHE (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
RPE65 isomero-hydrolyses atREs to 11cROL (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
G alpha (q) signalling events (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Effects of PIP2 hydrolysis (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Arachidonate production from DAG (Caenorhabditis elegans)
ABHD6,12 hydrolyse 3AG (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
G alpha (s) signalling events (Caenorhabditis elegans)
PDE3A hydrolyses cAMP to AMP (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
PDE3B hydrolyses cAMP to AMP (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
cAMP degradation by Phosphodiesterases (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Signaling by Nuclear Receptors (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Signaling by Retinoic Acid (Caenorhabditis elegans)
RA biosynthesis pathway (Caenorhabditis elegans)
ALDH8A1 oxidises 9cRAL to 9cRA (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
ALDHs oxidise atRAL to atRA (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Signaling by Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Signaling by EGFR (Caenorhabditis elegans)
EGFR downregulation (Caenorhabditis elegans)
PTPN3 dephosphorylates EPS15 (Caenorhabditis elegans)
![H2O [cytosol] icon](/icon/R-ICO-013527.svg){kind=icon}