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H2O
Stable Identifier
R-ALL-29356
Type
Chemical Compound [SimpleEntity]
Compartment
cytosol
Synonyms
water
Locations in the PathwayBrowser for Species:
Homo sapiens
Arabidopsis thaliana
Bos taurus
Caenorhabditis elegans
Canis familiaris
Danio rerio
Dictyostelium discoideum
Drosophila melanogaster
Gallus gallus
Mus musculus
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Oryza sativa
Plasmodium falciparum
Rattus norvegicus
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Sus scrofa
Taeniopygia guttata
Xenopus tropicalis
Expand all
Cell Cycle (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Cell Cycle, Mitotic (Arabidopsis thaliana)
M Phase (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Mitotic Prometaphase (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Condensation of Prometaphase Chromosomes (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Dephosphorylation of CK2-modified condensin I (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Cellular responses to external stimuli (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Cellular responses to stress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Cellular response to heat stress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Regulation of HSF1-mediated heat shock response (Arabidopsis thaliana)
HSP40s activate intrinsic ATPase activity of HSP70s in the cytosol (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Developmental Biology (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Axon guidance (Arabidopsis thaliana)
NCAM signaling for neurite out-growth (Arabidopsis thaliana)
RAF/MAP kinase cascade (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Negative regulation of MAPK pathway (Arabidopsis thaliana)
PP2A dephosphorylates RAF1 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
PP5 dephosphorylates RAF1 S338 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
RAF activation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
PP2A dephosphorylates inactive RAFs (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
RET signaling (Arabidopsis thaliana)
RAF/MAP kinase cascade (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Negative regulation of MAPK pathway (Arabidopsis thaliana)
PP2A dephosphorylates RAF1 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
PP5 dephosphorylates RAF1 S338 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
RAF activation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
PP2A dephosphorylates inactive RAFs (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Gene expression (Transcription) (Arabidopsis thaliana)
RNA Polymerase II Transcription (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Generic Transcription Pathway (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Transcriptional Regulation by TP53 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
TP53 Regulates Metabolic Genes (Arabidopsis thaliana)
PRDX1 overoxidizes (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Hemostasis (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Platelet activation, signaling and aggregation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Effects of PIP2 hydrolysis (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Arachidonate production from DAG (Arabidopsis thaliana)
2-AG hydrolysis to arachidonate by MAGL (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Immune System (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Adaptive Immune System (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Class I MHC mediated antigen processing & presentation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Antigen Presentation: Folding, assembly and peptide loading of class I MHC (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Transport of Antigen peptide in to ER (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
TCR signaling (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Generation of second messenger molecules (Arabidopsis thaliana)
PLC-gamma1 hydrolyses PIP2 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Cytokine Signaling in Immune system (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Signaling by Interleukins (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Interleukin-17 signaling (Arabidopsis thaliana)
MAPK1/MAPK3 signaling (Arabidopsis thaliana)
RAF/MAP kinase cascade (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Negative regulation of MAPK pathway (Arabidopsis thaliana)
PP2A dephosphorylates RAF1 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
PP5 dephosphorylates RAF1 S338 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
RAF activation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
PP2A dephosphorylates inactive RAFs (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Interleukin-19,20,22,24,26,28 and 29 signaling (Arabidopsis thaliana)
MAPK1/MAPK3 signaling (Arabidopsis thaliana)
RAF/MAP kinase cascade (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Negative regulation of MAPK pathway (Arabidopsis thaliana)
PP2A dephosphorylates RAF1 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
PP5 dephosphorylates RAF1 S338 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
RAF activation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
PP2A dephosphorylates inactive RAFs (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Interleukin-2 family signaling (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Interleukin receptor SHC signaling (Arabidopsis thaliana)
RAF/MAP kinase cascade (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Negative regulation of MAPK pathway (Arabidopsis thaliana)
PP2A dephosphorylates RAF1 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
PP5 dephosphorylates RAF1 S338 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
RAF activation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
PP2A dephosphorylates inactive RAFs (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Interleukin-3, 5 and GM-CSF signaling (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Interleukin receptor SHC signaling (Arabidopsis thaliana)
RAF/MAP kinase cascade (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Negative regulation of MAPK pathway (Arabidopsis thaliana)
PP2A dephosphorylates RAF1 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
PP5 dephosphorylates RAF1 S338 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
RAF activation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
PP2A dephosphorylates inactive RAFs (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Innate Immune System (Arabidopsis thaliana)
C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) (Arabidopsis thaliana)
CLEC7A (Dectin-1) signaling (Arabidopsis thaliana)
p-Y753,Y759-PLCG2 hydrolyses PIP2 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
DAP12 interactions (Arabidopsis thaliana)
DAP12 signaling (Arabidopsis thaliana)
RAF/MAP kinase cascade (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Negative regulation of MAPK pathway (Arabidopsis thaliana)
PP2A dephosphorylates RAF1 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
PP5 dephosphorylates RAF1 S338 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
RAF activation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
PP2A dephosphorylates inactive RAFs (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Fc epsilon receptor (FCERI) signaling (Arabidopsis thaliana)
FCERI mediated MAPK activation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
RAF/MAP kinase cascade (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Negative regulation of MAPK pathway (Arabidopsis thaliana)
PP2A dephosphorylates RAF1 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
PP5 dephosphorylates RAF1 S338 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
RAF activation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
PP2A dephosphorylates inactive RAFs (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Fcgamma receptor (FCGR) dependent phagocytosis (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Role of phospholipids in phagocytosis (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Conversion of PA into DAG by PAP-1 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Hydrolysis of PC to PA by PLD (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Abacavir transport and metabolism (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Abacavir metabolism (Arabidopsis thaliana)
abacavir monophosphate + H2O => carbovir monophosphate + cyclopropylamine (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Biological oxidations (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Aflatoxin activation and detoxification (Arabidopsis thaliana)
ACY:Zn2+ dimers hydrolyse mercapturic acids (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP1A2, 3A4 oxidise AFB1 to AFNBO (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP1A2,3A4,3A5,2A13 oxidise AFB1 to AFXBO (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP3A4,5 hydroxylates AFB1 to AFQ1 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Phase I - Functionalization of compounds (Arabidopsis thaliana)
ALD3A1 oxidises 4HPCP to CXPA (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
CMBL hydrolyses OM to OLMS (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Cytochrome P450 - arranged by substrate type (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Endogenous sterols (Arabidopsis thaliana)
CYP46A1 24-hydroxylates CHOL (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP51A1 demethylates LNSOL (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Vitamins (Arabidopsis thaliana)
CYP26C1 4-hydroxylates 9cRA (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Ethanol oxidation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
acetaldehyde + NAD+ => acetate + NADH + H+ [cytosolic] (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Phase II - Conjugation of compounds (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Glucuronidation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Formation of the active cofactor, UDP-glucuronate (Arabidopsis thaliana)
UDP-glucose is oxidised to UDP-glucuronate (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Glutathione conjugation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Glutathione synthesis and recycling (Arabidopsis thaliana)
OPLAH hydrolyses OPRO to L-Glu (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Methylation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
AHCY:NAD+ tetramer hydrolyses AdoHcy (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
MAT1A multimers transfer Ado from ATP to L-Met (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
MAT2B:MAT2A:K+:2Mg2+ transfers Ado from ATP to L-Met (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Inositol phosphate metabolism (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Synthesis of IP2, IP, and Ins in the cytosol (Arabidopsis thaliana)
I(1,4,5)P3 is dephosphorylated to I(1,4)P2 by INPP5(4) in the cytosol (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
I1P is dephosphorylated to Ins by IMPA1/2 in the cytosol (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
I3P is dephosphorylated to Ins by IMPA1/2 in the cytosol (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
I4P is dephosphorylated to Ins by IMPA1/2 in the cytosol (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
MIOX oxidises Ins to GlcA (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of IP3 and IP4 in the cytosol (Arabidopsis thaliana)
I(1,3,4,5)P4 is dephosphorylated to I(1,3,4)P3 by INPP5[3]/ITPK1 in the cytosol (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
I(1,3,4,6)P4 is dephosphorylated to I(1,3,4)P3 by ITPK1 in the cytosol (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
I(1,3,4,6)P4 is dephosphorylated to I(3,4,6)P3 by ITPK1 in the cytosol (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
PI(4,5)P2 is hydrolysed to I(1,4,5)P3 and DAG by cytosolic PLC[2] at the plasma membrane (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
PI(4,5)P2 is hydrolysed to I(1,4,5)P3 and DAG by tethered PLC[1] at the plasma membrane (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
PL(C)D4:3xCa2+ hydrolse PI(4,5)P2 to I(1,4,5)P3 and DAG at the ER membrane (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of pyrophosphates in the cytosol (Arabidopsis thaliana)
I(1,3,4,5,6)P5 is dephosphorylated to I(3,4,5,6)P4 by ITPK1 in the cytosol (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Integration of energy metabolism (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Regulation of insulin secretion (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Acetylcholine regulates insulin secretion (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Activated Phospholipase C beta-1 hydrolyzes 1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Free fatty acids regulate insulin secretion (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Fatty Acids bound to GPR40 (FFAR1) regulate insulin secretion (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Activated Phospholipase C beta-1 hydrolyzes 1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Amino acid synthesis and interconversion (transamination) (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Serine biosynthesis (Arabidopsis thaliana)
phosphoserine is dephosphorylated (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
aspartate + glutamine + ATP <=> asparagine + glutamate + AMP + pyrophosphate [ASNS] (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Branched-chain amino acid catabolism (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Carnitine synthesis (Arabidopsis thaliana)
ALDH9A1 tetramer dehydrogenates TEABL to form TEABT (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Histidine, lysine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, proline and tryptophan catabolism (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Phenylalanine and tyrosine catabolism (Arabidopsis thaliana)
fumarylacetoacetate => fumarate + acetoacetate (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of polyamines (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Agmatine biosynthesis (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Agmatine + H2O <=> putrescine + urea (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Methionine salvage pathway (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Acireductone is created (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Selenoamino acid metabolism (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Metabolism of ingested MeSeO2H into MeSeH (Arabidopsis thaliana)
MeSeO2H is reduced to MeSeOH by TXNRD1 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
MeSeOH is reduced to MeSeH by TXNRD1 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of ingested SeMet, Sec, MeSec into H2Se (Arabidopsis thaliana)
SeMet is converted to AdoSeMet by MAT (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Sulfur amino acid metabolism (Arabidopsis thaliana)
AHCY:NAD+ tetramer hydrolyses AdoHcy (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Cysteine formation from homocysteine (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Cleavage of cystathionine into cysteine (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Degradation of cysteine and homocysteine (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Cysteine is degraded to serine and H2S (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Homocysteine is degraded to oxobutanoate and H2S (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
MAT1A multimers transfer Ado from ATP to L-Met (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Methionine salvage pathway (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Acireductone is created (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of carbohydrates (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Fructose metabolism (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Fructose catabolism (Arabidopsis thaliana)
ALDH1A1 oxidises GA to DGA (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Glucose metabolism (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Gluconeogenesis (Arabidopsis thaliana)
D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate + H2O => D-fructose 6-phosphate + orthophosphate (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Phosphoenolpyruvate + H2O <=> 2-Phospho-D-glycerate (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Glycolysis (Arabidopsis thaliana)
2-Phospho-D-glycerate <=> Phosphoenolpyruvate + H2O (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate is hydrolyzed to form fructose-6-phosphate and orthophosphate (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Pentose phosphate pathway (hexose monophosphate shunt) (Arabidopsis thaliana)
D-glucono-1,5-lactone 6-phosphate + H2O => 6-phospho-D-gluconate (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of lipids (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Fatty acid metabolism (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Arachidonic acid metabolism (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Synthesis of 12-eicosatetraenoic acid derivatives (Arabidopsis thaliana)
12R-HpETE is reduced to 12R-HETE by GPX1/2/4 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
12S-HpETE is reduced to 12S-HETE by GPX1/2/4 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of Leukotrienes (LT) and Eoxins (EX) (Arabidopsis thaliana)
LTA4 is hydolysed to LTB4 by LTA4H (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of epoxy (EET) and dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHET) (Arabidopsis thaliana)
EET(1) is hydrolysed to DHET(1) by EPHX2 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Fatty acyl-CoA biosynthesis (Arabidopsis thaliana)
SCD desaturates ST-CoA to OLE-CoA (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
SCD5 desaturates ST-CoA to OLE-CoA (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of very long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs (Arabidopsis thaliana)
ACSL1,3,5,6 ligate CoA to PALM to form PALM-CoA (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
ACSL3,4 ligate CoA to AA to form AA-CoA (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Beta-Oxidation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Cytosolic ACOTs hydrolyse MCFA-CoA, LCFA-CoA (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of steroids (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Bile acid and bile salt metabolism (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Recycling of bile acids and salts (Arabidopsis thaliana)
ABCB11 transports bile salts from cytosol to extracellular region (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 24-hydroxycholesterol (Arabidopsis thaliana)
CYP46A1 24-hydroxylates CHOL (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 7alpha-hydroxycholesterol (Arabidopsis thaliana)
ABCB11 transports bile salts from cytosol to extracellular region (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Cholesterol biosynthesis (Arabidopsis thaliana)
4,4-dimethylcholesta-8(9),24-dien-3beta-ol is oxidized to 4-methyl,4-carboxycholesta-8(9),24-dien-3beta-ol (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
4-methylcholesta-8(9),24-dien-3beta-ol is oxidized to 4-carboxycholesta-8(9),24-dien-3beta-ol (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP51A1 demethylates LNSOL (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Cholesterol biosynthesis via desmosterol (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol is desaturated to form cholesta-5,7,24-trien-3beta-ol (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Cholesterol biosynthesis via lathosterol (Arabidopsis thaliana)
SC5D desaturates LTHSOL to 7-dehydroCHOL (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
HMGCS1 condenses Ac-CoA and ACA-CoA to form bHMG-CoA (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Phospholipid phosphatase 6 hydrolyses Presqualene diphosphate to presqualene monophosphate (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Squalene is oxidized to its epoxide (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Phospholipid metabolism (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Glycerophospholipid biosynthesis (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Acyl chain remodeling of DAG and TAG (Arabidopsis thaliana)
2-MAG is hydrolyzed to fatty acid and glycerol by MGLL (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
DAG is hydrolyzed to 2-MAG by PNPLA2/3 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
TAG is hydrolyzed to DAG by PNPLA2/3 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Acyl chain remodelling of PC (Arabidopsis thaliana)
PC is hydrolyzed to 1-acyl LPC by PLA2[6] (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Acyl chain remodelling of PE (Arabidopsis thaliana)
ABHD4 hydrolyses NAPE (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
PE is hydrolyzed to 1-acyl LPE by PLA2[3] (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of PA (Arabidopsis thaliana)
PC is hydrolyzed to PA and choline by PLD1/2 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of PC (Arabidopsis thaliana)
PA is dephosphorylated to DAG by LPIN (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
PCho is dephosphorylated to Cho by PHOSPHO1 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of PE (Arabidopsis thaliana)
PA is dephosphorylated to DAG by LPIN (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
PETA is dephosphorylated to ETA by PHOSPHO1 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
PI Metabolism (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Synthesis of PIPs at the ER membrane (Arabidopsis thaliana)
PI4P is dephosphorylated to PI by SACM1L at the ER membrane (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of PIPs at the Golgi membrane (Arabidopsis thaliana)
PI(3,4)P2 is dephosphorylated to PI4P by TPTE2 at the Golgi membrane (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
PI(3,5)P2 is dephosphorylated to PI3P by FIG4 at the Golgi membrane (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
PI(4,5)P2 is dephosphorylated to PI4P by OCRL/INPP5E at the Golgi membrane (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
PI3P is dephosphorylated to PI by SACM1L at the Golgi membrane (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of PIPs at the early endosome membrane (Arabidopsis thaliana)
PI(3,5)P2 is dephosphorylated to PI3P by FIG4 at the early endosome membrane (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
PI(3,5)P2 is dephosphorylated to PI5P by MTM proteins at the early endosome membrane (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
PI3P is dephosphorylated to PI by MTM proteins at the early endosome membrane (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of PIPs at the late endosome membrane (Arabidopsis thaliana)
PI(3,5)P2 is dephosphorylated to PI3P by FIG4 at the late endosome membrane (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
PI(3,5)P2 is dephosphorylated to PI5P by MTM proteins at the late endosome membrane (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
PI3P is dephosphorylated to PI by MTM proteins at the late endosome membrane (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of PIPs at the plasma membrane (Arabidopsis thaliana)
PI(3,4,5)P3 is dephosphorylated to PI(3,4)P2 by INPP5[2] at the plasma membrane (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
PI(3,5)P2 is dephosphorylated to PI3P by SYNJ at the plasma membrane (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
PI(3,5)P2 is dephosphorylated to PI5P by SYNJ/MTMs at the plasma membrane (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
PI(4,5)P2 is dephosphorylated to PI4P by SYNJ/INPP5[1] at the plasma membrane (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
PI3P is dephosphorylated to PI by SYNJ/MTMs at the plasma membrane (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
PI4P is dephosphorylated to PI by SYNJ at the plasma membrane (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Sphingolipid metabolism (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Glycosphingolipid metabolism (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 7 (ENPP7) hydrolyses sphingomyelin (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Glucosylceramidase 2 cleaves the glucosidic bond of glucocerebroside to form ceramide (plasma membrane) (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Neutral ceramidase hydrolyses ceramide into sphingosine and free fatty acid (plasma membrane) (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Sphingolipid de novo biosynthesis (Arabidopsis thaliana)
ALDH3A2-1 oxidises HD2NAL to PALM (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
ALDH3B1 oxidises HXAL to PALM (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
ALDH3B2 oxidises HXAL to PALM (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
FA2H hydroxylates CERA (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
dihydroceramide + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 => ceramide + NAD(P)+ + H2O (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
dihydroceramide + NADPH + H+ + O2 => phytoceramide + NADP+ + H2O (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
phytoceramide + H2O => stearate + phytosphingosine (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
sphinganine 1-phosphate + H2O => sphinganine + orthophosphate (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
sphingosine 1-phosphate + H2O => sphingosine + orthophosphate [cytosolic - SGPP] (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Triglyceride metabolism (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Triglyceride biosynthesis (Arabidopsis thaliana)
1,2-diacyl-glycerol 3-phosphate + H2O => 1,2-diacyl-glycerol + orthophosphate (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Triglyceride catabolism (Arabidopsis thaliana)
PNPLA4 hydrolyzes TAG (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
PNPLA4 hydrolyzes retinyl palmitate (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
PNPLA5 hydrolyzes TAG (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of nitric oxide (Arabidopsis thaliana)
eNOS activation and regulation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) synthesis, recycling, salvage and regulation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
GCH1 reduces GTP to dihydroneopterin triphosphate (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of nucleotides (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Interconversion of nucleotide di- and triphosphates (Arabidopsis thaliana)
RNR (M1M2) reduces nucleotide diphosphates to deoxynucleotide diphosphates (glutaredoxin) (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
RNR (M1M2B) reduces nucleotide diphosphates to deoxynucleotide diphosphates (glutaredoxin) (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
UTP + glutamine + ATP + H2O => CTP + glutamate + ADP + orthophosphate [CTPS2] (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
UTP + glutamine + ATP + H2O => CTP + glutamate + ADP + orthophosphate [CTPS] (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
dCMP + H2O => dUMP + NH4+ (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Nucleobase biosynthesis (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Purine ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthesis (Arabidopsis thaliana)
5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate (PRPP) + H2O + L-glutamine <=> 5-phosphoribosylamine + L-glutamate +pyrophosphate (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
FAICAR => IMP + H2O (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
FGAR + L-Glutamine + ATP + H2O => FGAM + L-Glutamate + ADP + Pi (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
IMP + H2O + NAD+ => XMP + NADH + H+ [IMPDH1,2] (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
XMP + L-Glutamine + ATP + H2O => GMP + L-Glutamate + AMP + pyrophosphate (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Pyrimidine biosynthesis (Arabidopsis thaliana)
L-glutamine + 2 ATP + HCO3- + H2O => carbamoyl phosphate + L-glutamate + 2 ADP + orthophosphate (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
N-carbamoyl L-aspartate + H+ <=> (S)-dihydroorotate + H2O (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Nucleobase catabolism (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Purine catabolism (Arabidopsis thaliana)
ITPA hydrolyses ITP to IMP (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
ITPA hydrolyses XTP to XMP (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
ITPA hydrolyses dITP to dIMP (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Phosphate bond hydrolysis by NUDT proteins (Arabidopsis thaliana)
ADPRM hydrolyses ADP-ribose to R5P and AMP (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
NUDT15 hydrolyses 8-oxo-dGDP to 8-oxo-dGMP (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
NUDT15 hydrolyses 8-oxo-dGTP to 8-oxo-dGMP (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Pyrimidine catabolism (Arabidopsis thaliana)
(d)CMP, TMP, or (d)UMP + H2O => (deoxy)cytidine, thymidine, or (deoxy)uridine + orthophosphate (NT5C3) (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
5,6-dihydrothymine + H2O => beta-ureidoisobutyrate (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
5,6-dihydrouracil + H2O => beta-ureidopropionate (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
beta-ureidoisobutyrate + H2O => 3-aminoisobutyrate + NH4+ + CO2 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
beta-ureidopropionate + H2O => beta-alanine + NH4+ + CO2 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Nucleotide salvage (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Purine salvage (Arabidopsis thaliana)
AMP + H2O => IMP + NH4+ (AMPD) (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
N6-methyl-AMP + H2O => IMP + methylamine (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Pyrimidine salvage (Arabidopsis thaliana)
HDHD1:Mg2+ dephosphorylates PURIDP (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of porphyrins (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Heme biosynthesis (Arabidopsis thaliana)
4 PBGs bind to form HMB (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
ALAD condenses 2 dALAs to form PBG (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of vitamins and cofactors (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Metabolism of water-soluble vitamins and cofactors (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Cyclisation of GTP to precursor Z (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Molybdenum ion transfer onto molybdopterin (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Sulfhydrylation and ring cleavage of precursor Z (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Nicotinate metabolism (Arabidopsis thaliana)
NADSYN1 hexamer amidates NAAD to NAD+ (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) metabolism (Arabidopsis thaliana)
2xENPP1 hydrolyzes FAD to FMN (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
2xTRAP hydrolyzes FMN to RIB (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Vitamins B6 activation to pyridoxal phosphate (Arabidopsis thaliana)
AOX1 oxidises PXL to PDXate (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Pyrophosphate hydrolysis (Arabidopsis thaliana)
pyrophosphate + H2O => 2 orthophosphate [cytosolic] (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Carbonic anhydrase dehydrates bicarbonate (cytosol) (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Carbonic anhydrase hydrates carbon dioxide (cytosol) (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of RNA (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Deadenylation-dependent mRNA decay (Arabidopsis thaliana)
mRNA decay by 3' to 5' exoribonuclease (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Exosome Complex hydrolyzes mRNA by 3' to 5' exoribonuclease digestion (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
NT5C3B hydrolyses 7MGP to 7MG (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
mRNA decay by 5' to 3' exoribonuclease (Arabidopsis thaliana)
DCP1-DCP2 complex decaps mRNA (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of proteins (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Post-translational protein modification (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Asparagine N-linked glycosylation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Biosynthesis of the N-glycan precursor (dolichol lipid-linked oligosaccharide, LLO) and transfer to a nascent protein (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Synthesis of substrates in N-glycan biosythesis (Arabidopsis thaliana)
GDP-fucose biosynthesis (Arabidopsis thaliana)
GMDS dehydrates GDP-Man to GDP-DHDMan (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of Dolichyl-phosphate (Arabidopsis thaliana)
DOLPP1 dephosphorylates DOLDP to DOLP (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
N-glycan trimming in the ER and Calnexin/Calreticulin cycle (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Deglycosylation complex hydrolyses N-glycans from unfolded glycoproteins (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
ENGASE hydrolyses unfolded protein:(GlcNAc)2 (Man(9-5) (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Deubiquitination (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Josephin domain DUBs (Arabidopsis thaliana)
ATXN3 family cleave Ub chains (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
UCH proteinases (Arabidopsis thaliana)
UCHL1, UCHL3 cleave ubiquitin adducts (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
UCHL3, SENP8 cleave NEDD8 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Ub-specific processing proteases (Arabidopsis thaliana)
USP10 deubiquitinates SNX3, CFTR (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
USP13 deubiquitinates BECN1,USP10 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
USP15 deubiquitinates SMAD1,SMAD2,SMAD3, SMAD7:SMURF,KEAP1 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
USP17 deubiquitinates RCE1, CDC25A, DDX58, IFIH1 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
USP30 deubiquitinates Ub-MOM proteins (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
USP5 cleaves polyubiquitin (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Gamma carboxylation, hypusine formation and arylsulfatase activation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Hypusine synthesis from eIF5A-lysine (Arabidopsis thaliana)
DOHH:Fe2+ hydroxylates Dhp-K50-EIF5A to form Hyp-K50-EIF5A (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Neddylation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
UCHL3, SENP8 cleave NEDD8 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Post-translational modification: synthesis of GPI-anchored proteins (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) (Arabidopsis thaliana)
N-acetylglucosaminyl-PI + H2O -> glucosaminyl-PI + acetate (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Surfactant metabolism (Arabidopsis thaliana)
ABCA3 transports PC, PG from ER membrane to lamellar body (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Translation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Eukaryotic Translation Termination (Arabidopsis thaliana)
APEH hydrolyses NAc-Ser-protein (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
tRNA Aminoacylation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Cytosolic tRNA aminoacylation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
pyrophosphate + H2O => 2 orthophosphate [cytosolic] (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) (Arabidopsis thaliana)
IRE1alpha activates chaperones (Arabidopsis thaliana)
XBP1(S) activates chaperone genes (Arabidopsis thaliana)
ASNA1 transports TA proteins from cytosol to ER membrane (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Signal Transduction (Arabidopsis thaliana)
MAPK family signaling cascades (Arabidopsis thaliana)
MAPK1/MAPK3 signaling (Arabidopsis thaliana)
RAF/MAP kinase cascade (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Negative regulation of MAPK pathway (Arabidopsis thaliana)
PP2A dephosphorylates RAF1 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
PP5 dephosphorylates RAF1 S338 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
RAF activation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
PP2A dephosphorylates inactive RAFs (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Signaling by EGFR (Arabidopsis thaliana)
GRB2 events in EGFR signaling (Arabidopsis thaliana)
RAF/MAP kinase cascade (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Negative regulation of MAPK pathway (Arabidopsis thaliana)
PP2A dephosphorylates RAF1 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
PP5 dephosphorylates RAF1 S338 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
RAF activation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
PP2A dephosphorylates inactive RAFs (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
SHC1 events in EGFR signaling (Arabidopsis thaliana)
RAF/MAP kinase cascade (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Negative regulation of MAPK pathway (Arabidopsis thaliana)
PP2A dephosphorylates RAF1 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
PP5 dephosphorylates RAF1 S338 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
RAF activation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
PP2A dephosphorylates inactive RAFs (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Signaling by GPCR (Arabidopsis thaliana)
GPCR downstream signaling (Arabidopsis thaliana)
G alpha (q) signalling events (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Effects of PIP2 hydrolysis (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Arachidonate production from DAG (Arabidopsis thaliana)
2-AG hydrolysis to arachidonate by MAGL (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Gastrin-CREB signalling pathway via PKC and MAPK (Arabidopsis thaliana)
G alpha (q) signalling events (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Effects of PIP2 hydrolysis (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Arachidonate production from DAG (Arabidopsis thaliana)
2-AG hydrolysis to arachidonate by MAGL (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
RAF/MAP kinase cascade (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Negative regulation of MAPK pathway (Arabidopsis thaliana)
PP2A dephosphorylates RAF1 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
PP5 dephosphorylates RAF1 S338 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
RAF activation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
PP2A dephosphorylates inactive RAFs (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Opioid Signalling (Arabidopsis thaliana)
G-protein mediated events (Arabidopsis thaliana)
PLC beta mediated events (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Inactivation of PLC beta (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
PIP2 hydrolysis (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Signaling by Insulin receptor (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Insulin receptor signalling cascade (Arabidopsis thaliana)
IRS-mediated signalling (Arabidopsis thaliana)
SOS-mediated signalling (Arabidopsis thaliana)
RAF/MAP kinase cascade (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Negative regulation of MAPK pathway (Arabidopsis thaliana)
PP2A dephosphorylates RAF1 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
PP5 dephosphorylates RAF1 S338 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
RAF activation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
PP2A dephosphorylates inactive RAFs (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Signaling by Leptin (Arabidopsis thaliana)
RAF/MAP kinase cascade (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Negative regulation of MAPK pathway (Arabidopsis thaliana)
PP2A dephosphorylates RAF1 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
PP5 dephosphorylates RAF1 S338 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
RAF activation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
PP2A dephosphorylates inactive RAFs (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Signaling by PDGF (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Downstream signal transduction (Arabidopsis thaliana)
RAF/MAP kinase cascade (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Negative regulation of MAPK pathway (Arabidopsis thaliana)
PP2A dephosphorylates RAF1 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
PP5 dephosphorylates RAF1 S338 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
RAF activation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
PP2A dephosphorylates inactive RAFs (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Signaling by Retinoic Acid (Arabidopsis thaliana)
RA biosynthesis pathway (Arabidopsis thaliana)
ALDHs oxidise atRAL to atRA (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP26C1 4-hydroxylates 9cRA (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Signaling by SCF-KIT (Arabidopsis thaliana)
RAF/MAP kinase cascade (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Negative regulation of MAPK pathway (Arabidopsis thaliana)
PP2A dephosphorylates RAF1 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
PP5 dephosphorylates RAF1 S338 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
RAF activation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
PP2A dephosphorylates inactive RAFs (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Signaling by Type 1 Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor (IGF1R) (Arabidopsis thaliana)
IGF1R signaling cascade (Arabidopsis thaliana)
IRS-related events triggered by IGF1R (Arabidopsis thaliana)
IRS-mediated signalling (Arabidopsis thaliana)
SOS-mediated signalling (Arabidopsis thaliana)
RAF/MAP kinase cascade (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Negative regulation of MAPK pathway (Arabidopsis thaliana)
PP2A dephosphorylates RAF1 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
PP5 dephosphorylates RAF1 S338 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
RAF activation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
PP2A dephosphorylates inactive RAFs (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Signaling by VEGF (Arabidopsis thaliana)
VEGFA-VEGFR2 Pathway (Arabidopsis thaliana)
VEGFR2 mediated cell proliferation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
RAF/MAP kinase cascade (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Negative regulation of MAPK pathway (Arabidopsis thaliana)
PP2A dephosphorylates RAF1 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
PP5 dephosphorylates RAF1 S338 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
RAF activation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
PP2A dephosphorylates inactive RAFs (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Signalling by NGF (Arabidopsis thaliana)
NGF signalling via TRKA from the plasma membrane (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Signalling to ERKs (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Prolonged ERK activation events (Arabidopsis thaliana)
ARMS-mediated activation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
RAF/MAP kinase cascade (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Negative regulation of MAPK pathway (Arabidopsis thaliana)
PP2A dephosphorylates RAF1 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
PP5 dephosphorylates RAF1 S338 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
RAF activation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
PP2A dephosphorylates inactive RAFs (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Frs2-mediated activation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
RAF/MAP kinase cascade (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Negative regulation of MAPK pathway (Arabidopsis thaliana)
PP2A dephosphorylates RAF1 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
PP5 dephosphorylates RAF1 S338 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
RAF activation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
PP2A dephosphorylates inactive RAFs (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Signalling to RAS (Arabidopsis thaliana)
RAF/MAP kinase cascade (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Negative regulation of MAPK pathway (Arabidopsis thaliana)
PP2A dephosphorylates RAF1 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
PP5 dephosphorylates RAF1 S338 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
RAF activation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
PP2A dephosphorylates inactive RAFs (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Signalling to p38 via RIT and RIN (Arabidopsis thaliana)
RAF/MAP kinase cascade (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Negative regulation of MAPK pathway (Arabidopsis thaliana)
PP2A dephosphorylates RAF1 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
PP5 dephosphorylates RAF1 S338 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
RAF activation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
PP2A dephosphorylates inactive RAFs (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Visual phototransduction (Arabidopsis thaliana)
The canonical retinoid cycle in rods (twilight vision) (Arabidopsis thaliana)
ABCA4 mediates atRAL transport (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
RPE65 isomero-hydrolyses atREs to 11cROL (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Transport of small molecules (Arabidopsis thaliana)
ABC-family proteins mediated transport (Arabidopsis thaliana)
ABC transporters in lipid homeostasis (Arabidopsis thaliana)
ABCA12 transports lipids from cytosol to extracellular region (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
ABCA3 transports PC, PG from ER membrane to lamellar body (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
ABCA5 transports CHOL from lysosomal lumen to cytosol (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
ABCAs mediate lipid efflux (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
ABCAs mediate lipid influx (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
ABCD1-3 dimers transfer LCFAs from cytosol to peroxisomal matrix (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
ABCG5:ABCG8 transports sterols from cytosol to extracellular region (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
ABCA4 mediates atRAL transport (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
ABCA8,B1,B5 transport xenobiotics from cytosol to extracellular region (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
ABCB4 transports PC from plasma membrane to extracellular region (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
ABCB9 transports peptides from cytosol to lysosomal lumen (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
CFTR transports Cl- from cytosol to extracellular region (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
HCO3- transport through ion channel (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
The ABCC family mediates organic anion transport (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
VCP-catalyzed ATP hydrolysis promotes the translocation of misfolded CFTR into the cytosol (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Aquaporin-mediated transport (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Passive transport by Aquaporins (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Aquaporins passively transport water into cells (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Aquaporins passively transport water out of cells (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Ion channel transport (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Ion transport by P-type ATPases (Arabidopsis thaliana)
ATP13A1 transports Mn2+ from cytosol to ER lumen (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
ATP7B transports cytosolic Cu2+ to Golgi lumen (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
P-type ATPases type IV transport external-facing APLs to internal side of the plasma membrane (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
P-type ATPases type IV transport internal-facing APLs to external side of the plasma membrane (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Iron uptake and transport (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Transferrin endocytosis and recycling (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Acidification of Tf:TfR1 containing endosome (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
O2/CO2 exchange in erythrocytes (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Erythrocytes take up carbon dioxide and release oxygen (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Carbonic anhydrase I/II hydrates carbon dioxide (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Erythrocytes take up oxygen and release carbon dioxide (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Carbonic anhydrase I/II dehydrates bicarbonate (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Vesicle-mediated transport (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Membrane Trafficking (Arabidopsis thaliana)
TBC/RABGAPs (Arabidopsis thaliana)
TBC1D15 accelerates GTP hydrolysis by RAB7 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
TBC1D2A accelerates GTP hydrolysis by RAB7 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
H2O [cytosol]
Cell Cycle (Bos taurus)
Cell Cycle, Mitotic (Bos taurus)
M Phase (Bos taurus)
Mitotic Metaphase and Anaphase (Bos taurus)
Mitotic Anaphase (Bos taurus)
Nuclear Envelope Reassembly (Bos taurus)
Initiation of Nuclear Envelope Reformation (Bos taurus)
PP2A dephosphorylates BANF1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Mitotic Prometaphase (Bos taurus)
Condensation of Prometaphase Chromosomes (Bos taurus)
Dephosphorylation of CK2-modified condensin I (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Resolution of Sister Chromatid Cohesion (Bos taurus)
PP2A-B56 dephosphorylates centromeric cohesin (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Mitotic G2-G2/M phases (Bos taurus)
G2/M Transition (Bos taurus)
Cyclin A/B1/B2 associated events during G2/M transition (Bos taurus)
Dephosphorylation of cytoplasmic Cyclin B1/B2:phospho-Cdc2 (Thr 14, Tyr 15) complexes by CDC25B (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Regulation of mitotic cell cycle (Bos taurus)
APC/C-mediated degradation of cell cycle proteins (Bos taurus)
Conversion from APC/C:Cdc20 to APC/C:Cdh1 in late anaphase (Bos taurus)
Dephosphorylation of phospho-Cdh1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Cellular responses to external stimuli (Bos taurus)
Cellular responses to stress (Bos taurus)
Cellular response to heat stress (Bos taurus)
Regulation of HSF1-mediated heat shock response (Bos taurus)
HSP40s activate intrinsic ATPase activity of HSP70s in the cytosol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Detoxification of Reactive Oxygen Species (Bos taurus)
GPX2 catalyzes 2 glutathione, reduced + H2O2 => glutathione, oxidized + 2 H2O (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PRDX1,2,5 catalyze TXN reduced + H2O2 => TXN oxidized + 2H2O (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PRDX5 reduces peroxynitrite to nitrite using TXN (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PRDX6:GSTP1 catalyzes 2 glutathione, reduced + H2O2 => glutathione, oxidized + 2 H2O (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Chromatin organization (Bos taurus)
Chromatin modifying enzymes (Bos taurus)
PADIs:Ca2+ deiminate L-Arg to L-Cit in proteins (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Developmental Biology (Bos taurus)
Axon guidance (Bos taurus)
EPH-Ephrin signaling (Bos taurus)
EPHB-mediated forward signaling (Bos taurus)
p120-RasGAP activates GTP hydrolysis on RAS, inactivating it (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
L1CAM interactions (Bos taurus)
LYPLA2 hydrolyses PALM-C3,4-GAP43 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
NCAM signaling for neurite out-growth (Bos taurus)
RAF/MAP kinase cascade (Bos taurus)
Negative regulation of MAPK pathway (Bos taurus)
Cytosolic DUSPs dephosphorylate MAPKs (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Nuclear DUSPs dephosphorylate MAPKs (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PP2A dephosphorylates RAF1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PP5 dephosphorylates RAF1 S338 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
RAF activation (Bos taurus)
PP2A dephosphorylates KSR1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PP2A dephosphorylates inactive RAFs (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
RET signaling (Bos taurus)
RAF/MAP kinase cascade (Bos taurus)
Negative regulation of MAPK pathway (Bos taurus)
Cytosolic DUSPs dephosphorylate MAPKs (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Nuclear DUSPs dephosphorylate MAPKs (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PP2A dephosphorylates RAF1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PP5 dephosphorylates RAF1 S338 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
RAF activation (Bos taurus)
PP2A dephosphorylates KSR1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PP2A dephosphorylates inactive RAFs (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Gene expression (Transcription) (Bos taurus)
RNA Polymerase II Transcription (Bos taurus)
Generic Transcription Pathway (Bos taurus)
Transcriptional Regulation by TP53 (Bos taurus)
TP53 Regulates Metabolic Genes (Bos taurus)
GPX2 catalyzes 2 glutathione, reduced + H2O2 => glutathione, oxidized + 2 H2O (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PRDX1 overoxidizes (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PRDX1,2,5 catalyze TXN reduced + H2O2 => TXN oxidized + 2H2O (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
TIGAR converts D-fructose-2,6-bisphosphate to D-fructose 6-phosphate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Transcriptional activity of SMAD2/SMAD3:SMAD4 heterotrimer (Bos taurus)
Downregulation of SMAD2/3:SMAD4 transcriptional activity (Bos taurus)
USP9X (FAM) deubiquitinates SMAD4 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Hemostasis (Bos taurus)
Platelet activation, signaling and aggregation (Bos taurus)
Effects of PIP2 hydrolysis (Bos taurus)
Arachidonate production from DAG (Bos taurus)
2-AG hydrolysis to arachidonate by MAGL (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ABHD6,12 hydrolyse 3AG (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Platelet Aggregation (Plug Formation) (Bos taurus)
Integrin alphaIIb beta3 signaling (Bos taurus)
Dephosphorylation of inactive SRC by PTPB1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Platelet homeostasis (Bos taurus)
PAFAH2 hydrolyses PAF to lyso-PAF and acetate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Immune System (Bos taurus)
Adaptive Immune System (Bos taurus)
Class I MHC mediated antigen processing & presentation (Bos taurus)
Antigen Presentation: Folding, assembly and peptide loading of class I MHC (Bos taurus)
Disassembly of COPII coated vesicle (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Transport of Antigen peptide in to ER (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
MHC class II antigen presentation (Bos taurus)
Internalization of MHC II:Ii clathrin coated vesicle (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Signaling by the B Cell Receptor (BCR) (Bos taurus)
Downstream signaling events of B Cell Receptor (BCR) (Bos taurus)
PIP3 activates AKT signaling (Bos taurus)
Negative regulation of the PI3K/AKT network (Bos taurus)
PHLPP dephosphorylates S473 in AKT (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI5P, PP2A and IER3 Regulate PI3K/AKT Signaling (Bos taurus)
AKT1 dephosphorylation by PP2A-B56-beta,gamma (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PTEN dephosphorylates PIP3 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PTEN Regulation (Bos taurus)
Regulation of PTEN stability and activity (Bos taurus)
USP13 and OTUD3 deubiquitinate PTEN (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
TCR signaling (Bos taurus)
Downstream TCR signaling (Bos taurus)
Hydrolysis of PIP3 to PI(3,4)P2 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PTEN dephosphorylates PIP3 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Generation of second messenger molecules (Bos taurus)
PLC-gamma1 hydrolyses PIP2 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Phosphorylation of CD3 and TCR zeta chains (Bos taurus)
Dephosphorylation of Lck-pY505 by CD45 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Inactivation of LCK by PTPN22 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Translocation of ZAP-70 to Immunological synapse (Bos taurus)
PTPN22 dephosphorylates ZAP70 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Cytokine Signaling in Immune system (Bos taurus)
Growth hormone receptor signaling (Bos taurus)
PTP1B dephosphorylates GHR (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Interferon Signaling (Bos taurus)
Interferon alpha/beta signaling (Bos taurus)
Regulation of IFNA signaling (Bos taurus)
Dephosphorylation of JAK1 by SHP1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Dephosphorylation of STAT1 by SHP2 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Dephosphorylation of TYK2 by PTP1B (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Signaling by Interleukins (Bos taurus)
Interleukin-17 signaling (Bos taurus)
MAPK1/MAPK3 signaling (Bos taurus)
RAF-independent MAPK1/3 activation (Bos taurus)
Cytosolic DUSPs dephosphorylate MAPKs (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Nuclear DUSPs dephosphorylate MAPKs (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
RAF/MAP kinase cascade (Bos taurus)
Negative regulation of MAPK pathway (Bos taurus)
Cytosolic DUSPs dephosphorylate MAPKs (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Nuclear DUSPs dephosphorylate MAPKs (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PP2A dephosphorylates RAF1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PP5 dephosphorylates RAF1 S338 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
RAF activation (Bos taurus)
PP2A dephosphorylates KSR1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PP2A dephosphorylates inactive RAFs (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Interleukin-19,20,22,24,26,28 and 29 signaling (Bos taurus)
MAPK1/MAPK3 signaling (Bos taurus)
RAF-independent MAPK1/3 activation (Bos taurus)
Cytosolic DUSPs dephosphorylate MAPKs (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Nuclear DUSPs dephosphorylate MAPKs (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
RAF/MAP kinase cascade (Bos taurus)
Negative regulation of MAPK pathway (Bos taurus)
Cytosolic DUSPs dephosphorylate MAPKs (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Nuclear DUSPs dephosphorylate MAPKs (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PP2A dephosphorylates RAF1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PP5 dephosphorylates RAF1 S338 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
RAF activation (Bos taurus)
PP2A dephosphorylates KSR1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PP2A dephosphorylates inactive RAFs (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Interleukin-2 family signaling (Bos taurus)
Interleukin receptor SHC signaling (Bos taurus)
RAF/MAP kinase cascade (Bos taurus)
Negative regulation of MAPK pathway (Bos taurus)
Cytosolic DUSPs dephosphorylate MAPKs (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Nuclear DUSPs dephosphorylate MAPKs (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PP2A dephosphorylates RAF1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PP5 dephosphorylates RAF1 S338 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
RAF activation (Bos taurus)
PP2A dephosphorylates KSR1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PP2A dephosphorylates inactive RAFs (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Interleukin-3, 5 and GM-CSF signaling (Bos taurus)
Interleukin receptor SHC signaling (Bos taurus)
RAF/MAP kinase cascade (Bos taurus)
Negative regulation of MAPK pathway (Bos taurus)
Cytosolic DUSPs dephosphorylate MAPKs (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Nuclear DUSPs dephosphorylate MAPKs (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PP2A dephosphorylates RAF1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PP5 dephosphorylates RAF1 S338 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
RAF activation (Bos taurus)
PP2A dephosphorylates KSR1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PP2A dephosphorylates inactive RAFs (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Interleukin-7 signaling (Bos taurus)
PIP3 activates AKT signaling (Bos taurus)
Negative regulation of the PI3K/AKT network (Bos taurus)
PHLPP dephosphorylates S473 in AKT (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI5P, PP2A and IER3 Regulate PI3K/AKT Signaling (Bos taurus)
AKT1 dephosphorylation by PP2A-B56-beta,gamma (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PTEN dephosphorylates PIP3 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PTEN Regulation (Bos taurus)
Regulation of PTEN stability and activity (Bos taurus)
USP13 and OTUD3 deubiquitinate PTEN (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Innate Immune System (Bos taurus)
Antimicrobial peptides (Bos taurus)
Ion influx/efflux at host-pathogen interface (Bos taurus)
ATP7A transports cytosolic Cu2+ to phagosomal lumen (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) (Bos taurus)
CLEC7A (Dectin-1) signaling (Bos taurus)
CLEC7A (Dectin-1) induces NFAT activation (Bos taurus)
Calcineurin binds and dephosphorylates NFAT (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
p-Y753,Y759-PLCG2 hydrolyses PIP2 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
DAP12 interactions (Bos taurus)
DAP12 signaling (Bos taurus)
DAG and IP3 signaling (Bos taurus)
CaM pathway (Bos taurus)
Calmodulin induced events (Bos taurus)
Cam-PDE 1 activation (Bos taurus)
cAMP hydrolysis by Cam-PDE 1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PIP3 activates AKT signaling (Bos taurus)
Negative regulation of the PI3K/AKT network (Bos taurus)
PHLPP dephosphorylates S473 in AKT (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI5P, PP2A and IER3 Regulate PI3K/AKT Signaling (Bos taurus)
AKT1 dephosphorylation by PP2A-B56-beta,gamma (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PTEN dephosphorylates PIP3 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PTEN Regulation (Bos taurus)
Regulation of PTEN stability and activity (Bos taurus)
USP13 and OTUD3 deubiquitinate PTEN (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
RAF/MAP kinase cascade (Bos taurus)
Negative regulation of MAPK pathway (Bos taurus)
Cytosolic DUSPs dephosphorylate MAPKs (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Nuclear DUSPs dephosphorylate MAPKs (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PP2A dephosphorylates RAF1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PP5 dephosphorylates RAF1 S338 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
RAF activation (Bos taurus)
PP2A dephosphorylates KSR1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PP2A dephosphorylates inactive RAFs (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Fc epsilon receptor (FCERI) signaling (Bos taurus)
FCERI mediated Ca+2 mobilization (Bos taurus)
Calcineurin binds and dephosphorylates NFAT (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Hydrolysis of PIP2 by PLCG (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
FCERI mediated MAPK activation (Bos taurus)
RAF/MAP kinase cascade (Bos taurus)
Negative regulation of MAPK pathway (Bos taurus)
Cytosolic DUSPs dephosphorylate MAPKs (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Nuclear DUSPs dephosphorylate MAPKs (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PP2A dephosphorylates RAF1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PP5 dephosphorylates RAF1 S338 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
RAF activation (Bos taurus)
PP2A dephosphorylates KSR1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PP2A dephosphorylates inactive RAFs (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Role of LAT2/NTAL/LAB on calcium mobilization (Bos taurus)
PIP3 activates AKT signaling (Bos taurus)
Negative regulation of the PI3K/AKT network (Bos taurus)
PHLPP dephosphorylates S473 in AKT (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI5P, PP2A and IER3 Regulate PI3K/AKT Signaling (Bos taurus)
AKT1 dephosphorylation by PP2A-B56-beta,gamma (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PTEN dephosphorylates PIP3 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PTEN Regulation (Bos taurus)
Regulation of PTEN stability and activity (Bos taurus)
USP13 and OTUD3 deubiquitinate PTEN (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Fcgamma receptor (FCGR) dependent phagocytosis (Bos taurus)
Role of phospholipids in phagocytosis (Bos taurus)
Conversion of PA into DAG by PAP-1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Hydrolysis of PC to PA by PLD (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Production of AA by iPLA2 upon FCGR activation (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism (Bos taurus)
Abacavir transport and metabolism (Bos taurus)
Abacavir metabolism (Bos taurus)
abacavir monophosphate + H2O => carbovir monophosphate + cyclopropylamine (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Biological oxidations (Bos taurus)
Aflatoxin activation and detoxification (Bos taurus)
ACY:Zn2+ dimers hydrolyse mercapturic acids (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP1A2 hydroxylates AFB1 to AFM1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP1A2, 3A4 oxidise AFB1 to AFNBO (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP1A2,3A4,3A5,2A13 oxidise AFB1 to AFXBO (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP2A13 oxidises AFM1 to AFM1E (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP3A4,5 hydroxylates AFB1 to AFQ1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Phase I - Functionalization of compounds (Bos taurus)
AADAC deacetylates PHEN (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ALD3A1 oxidises 4HPCP to CXPA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Amine Oxidase reactions (Bos taurus)
Biogenic amines are oxidatively deaminated to aldehydes by MAOA and MAOB (Bos taurus)
MAOA:FAD oxidatively deaminates of 5HT (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
MAOB:FAD oxidatively deaminates TYR (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
MAOB:FAD oxidatively deaminates of PEA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
BPHL hydrolyses VACV to ACV (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CES3 hydrolyses CHEST to CHOL and LCFA(-) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CMBL hydrolyses OM to OLMS (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Cytochrome P450 - arranged by substrate type (Bos taurus)
Eicosanoids (Bos taurus)
CYP4F2, 4F3 20-hydroxylate LTB4 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP4F22 20-hydroxylates TrXA3 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Endogenous sterols (Bos taurus)
CYP17A1 17-hydroxylates PREG (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP19A1 hydroxylates ANDST to E1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP1B1 4-hydroxylates EST17b (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP21A2 21-hydroxylates PROG (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP39A1 7-hydroxylates 24OH-CHOL (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP46A1 24-hydroxylates CHOL (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP4V2 omega-hydroxylates DHA to HDoHE (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP51A1 demethylates LNSOL (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP7A1 7-hydroxylates CHOL (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP7B1 7-hydroxylates 25OH-CHOL (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Sterols are 12-hydroxylated by CYP8B1 (Bos taurus)
CYP8B1 12-hydroxylates 4CHOL7a,24(S)DIOL (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP8B1 12-hydroxylates 4CHOL7a,27DONE (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP8B1 12-hydroxylates 4CHOL7aOLONE (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Vitamins (Bos taurus)
CYP26C1 4-hydroxylates 9cRA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP27B1 hydroxylates CDL to CTL (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP2R1 25-hydroxylates VD3 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
EPHX1 hydrates BaP4,5O to BaP4,5-DHD (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Ethanol oxidation (Bos taurus)
acetaldehyde + NAD+ => acetate + NADH + H+ [cytosolic] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
MARC1,MARC2 reduce N-hydroxylated compounds (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Phase II - Conjugation of compounds (Bos taurus)
Cytosolic sulfonation of small molecules (Bos taurus)
ABHD14B hydrolyses PNPB (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate (PAP) + H2O => AMP + orthophosphate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Glucuronidation (Bos taurus)
Formation of the active cofactor, UDP-glucuronate (Bos taurus)
UDP-glucose is oxidised to UDP-glucuronate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Glutathione conjugation (Bos taurus)
Glutathione synthesis and recycling (Bos taurus)
CNDP2:2Mn2+ dimer hydrolyses CysGly (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
OPLAH hydrolyses OPRO to L-Glu (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Methylation (Bos taurus)
AHCY:NAD+ tetramer hydrolyses AdoHcy (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
GSTO1 dimer reduces methylarsonate to methylarsonite (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
MAT1A multimers transfer Ado from ATP to L-Met (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Inositol phosphate metabolism (Bos taurus)
Synthesis of IP2, IP, and Ins in the cytosol (Bos taurus)
I(1,3,4)P3 is dephosphorylated to I(1,3)P2 by INPP4A/B in the cytosol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
I(1,3,4)P3 is dephosphorylated to I(3,4)P2 by INPP1 in the cytosol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
I(1,4)P2 is dephosphorylated to I4P by INPP1 in the cytosol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
I(1,4,5)P3 is dephosphorylated to I(1,4)P2 by INPP5(4) in the cytosol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
I(1,4,5)P3 is dephosphorylated to I(1,4)P2 by INPP5A/B at the plasma membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
I(3,4)P2 is dephosphorylated to I3P by INPP4A/B in the cytosol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
I1P is dephosphorylated to Ins by IMPA1/2 in the cytosol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
I3P is dephosphorylated to Ins by IMPA1/2 in the cytosol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
I4P is dephosphorylated to Ins by IMPA1/2 in the cytosol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
MIOX oxidises Ins to GlcA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of IP3 and IP4 in the cytosol (Bos taurus)
I(1,3,4,5)P4 is dephosphorylated to I(1,3,4)P3 by INPP5B at the plasma membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
I(1,3,4,5)P4 is dephosphorylated to I(1,3,4)P3 by INPP5[3]/ITPK1 in the cytosol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
I(1,3,4,5)P4 is dephosphorylated to I(1,4,5)P3 by PTEN in the cytosol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
I(1,3,4,6)P4 is dephosphorylated to I(1,3,4)P3 by ITPK1 in the cytosol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
I(1,3,4,6)P4 is dephosphorylated to I(3,4,6)P3 by ITPK1 in the cytosol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI(4,5)P2 is hydrolysed to I(1,4,5)P3 and DAG by cytosolic PLC[2] at the plasma membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI(4,5)P2 is hydrolysed to I(1,4,5)P3 and DAG by tethered PLC[1] at the plasma membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PL(C)D4:3xCa2+ hydrolse PI(4,5)P2 to I(1,4,5)P3 and DAG at the ER membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of pyrophosphates in the cytosol (Bos taurus)
(PP)2-IP4 is dephosphorylated to 1/3-PP-IP5 by NUDT(1) in the cytosol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
(PP)2-IP4 is dephosphorylated to 5-PP-IP5 by NUDT(1) in the cytosol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
1/3 PP-IP5 is dephosphorylated to IP6 by NUDT(1) in the cytosol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
5-PP-IP5 is dephosphorylated to IP6 by NUDT(1) in the cytosol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
I(1,3,4,5,6)P5 is dephosphorylated to I(3,4,5,6)P4 by ITPK1 in the cytosol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PP-IP4 is dephosphorylated to I(1,3,4,5,6)P5 by NUDT4 in the cytosol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Integration of energy metabolism (Bos taurus)
Regulation of insulin secretion (Bos taurus)
Acetylcholine regulates insulin secretion (Bos taurus)
Activated Phospholipase C beta-1 hydrolyzes 1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Free fatty acids regulate insulin secretion (Bos taurus)
Fatty Acids bound to GPR40 (FFAR1) regulate insulin secretion (Bos taurus)
Activated Phospholipase C beta-1 hydrolyzes 1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives (Bos taurus)
Amino acid synthesis and interconversion (transamination) (Bos taurus)
ASPA deacetylates NAA to acetate and L-aspartate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ASPG hydrolyses L-Asn to L-Asp (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Serine biosynthesis (Bos taurus)
phosphoserine is dephosphorylated (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
aspartate + glutamine + ATP <=> asparagine + glutamate + AMP + pyrophosphate [ASNS] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Branched-chain amino acid catabolism (Bos taurus)
Carnitine synthesis (Bos taurus)
ALDH9A1 tetramer dehydrogenates TEABL to form TEABT (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Histidine, lysine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, proline and tryptophan catabolism (Bos taurus)
Histidine catabolism (Bos taurus)
4-imidazolone-5-propionate + H2O => N-formiminoglutamate + 2H+ (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
urocanate + H2O => 4-imidazolone-5-propionate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Phenylalanine and tyrosine catabolism (Bos taurus)
4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin => q-dihydrobiopterin + H2O (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ASRGL1 hydrolyses aspartame to L-Asp, L-Phe (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
fumarylacetoacetate => fumarate + acetoacetate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Tryptophan catabolism (Bos taurus)
3-hydroxykynurenine + H2O => 3-hydroxyanthranilate + alanine (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
kynurenine + O2 + NADPH + H+ => 3-hydroxykynurenine + NADP+ + H2O (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of polyamines (Bos taurus)
Agmatine biosynthesis (Bos taurus)
Agmatine + H2O <=> putrescine + urea (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Methionine salvage pathway (Bos taurus)
Acireductone is created (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Urea cycle (Bos taurus)
arginine + H2O => ornithine + urea [ARG1] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Selenoamino acid metabolism (Bos taurus)
Metabolism of ingested H2SeO4 and H2SeO3 into H2Se (Bos taurus)
SeO3(2-) is reduced to H2Se by TXNRD1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of ingested MeSeO2H into MeSeH (Bos taurus)
MeSeO2H is reduced to MeSeOH by TXNRD1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
MeSeOH is reduced to MeSeH by TXNRD1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of ingested SeMet, Sec, MeSec into H2Se (Bos taurus)
SeMet is converted to AdoSeMet by MAT (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Selenocysteine synthesis (Bos taurus)
SEPHS2 phosphorylates H2Se to form SELP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Sulfur amino acid metabolism (Bos taurus)
AHCY:NAD+ tetramer hydrolyses AdoHcy (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Cysteine formation from homocysteine (Bos taurus)
Cleavage of cystathionine into cysteine (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Cystathionine is formed from homocysteine and serine (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Degradation of cysteine and homocysteine (Bos taurus)
Cysteine is degraded to serine and H2S (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Homocysteine is degraded to oxobutanoate and H2S (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
MAT1A multimers transfer Ado from ATP to L-Met (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Methionine salvage pathway (Bos taurus)
Acireductone is created (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of carbohydrates (Bos taurus)
Fructose metabolism (Bos taurus)
Fructose catabolism (Bos taurus)
ALDH1A1 oxidises GA to DGA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Glucose metabolism (Bos taurus)
Gluconeogenesis (Bos taurus)
D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate + H2O => D-fructose 6-phosphate + orthophosphate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Phosphoenolpyruvate + H2O <=> 2-Phospho-D-glycerate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Glycolysis (Bos taurus)
2-Phospho-D-glycerate <=> Phosphoenolpyruvate + H2O (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate is hydrolyzed to form fructose-6-phosphate and orthophosphate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
GNPDA1,2 hexamers deaminate GlcN6P to Fru(6)P (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Glycogen metabolism (Bos taurus)
Glycogen synthesis (Bos taurus)
EPM2A dimer dephosphorylates phosphoglycogen-GYG1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
EPM2A dimer dephosphorylates phosphoglycogen-GYG2 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Lysosomal oligosaccharide catabolism (Bos taurus)
MAN2C1 hydrolyses GlcNAc (Man)9 to GlcNAc (Man)5 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Pentose phosphate pathway (hexose monophosphate shunt) (Bos taurus)
D-glucono-1,5-lactone 6-phosphate + H2O => 6-phospho-D-gluconate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of lipids (Bos taurus)
Fatty acid metabolism (Bos taurus)
Arachidonic acid metabolism (Bos taurus)
FAAH hydrolyses AEA to AA and ETA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of 12-eicosatetraenoic acid derivatives (Bos taurus)
12R-HpETE is reduced to 12R-HETE by GPX1/2/4 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
12S-HpETE is reduced to 12S-HETE by GPX1/2/4 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of 15-eicosatetraenoic acid derivatives (Bos taurus)
Arachidonic acid is oxidised to 15R-HETE by Acetyl-PTGS2 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of Leukotrienes (LT) and Eoxins (EX) (Bos taurus)
20cho-LTB4 is oxidised to 20cooh-LTB4 by CYP4F2/4F3 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
20oh-LTB4 is oxidised to 20cho-LTB4 by CYP4F2/4F3 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
5S-HpETE is dehydrated to LTA4 by ALOX5 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP4F2, 4F3 20-hydroxylate LTB4 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
LTA4 is hydolysed to LTB4 by LTA4H (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of epoxy (EET) and dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHET) (Bos taurus)
Arachidonic acid is epoxidated to 5,6-EET by CYP(4) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Arachidonic acid is epoxidated to 8,9/11,12/14,15-EET by CYP(5) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
EET(1) is hydrolysed to DHET(1) by EPHX2 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Fatty acyl-CoA biosynthesis (Bos taurus)
SCD desaturates ST-CoA to OLE-CoA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
SCD5 desaturates ST-CoA to OLE-CoA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of very long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs (Bos taurus)
ACSL1,3,5,6 ligate CoA to PALM to form PALM-CoA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ACSL3,4 ligate CoA to AA to form AA-CoA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PTPLs dehydrate VLC3HA-CoA to VLCTDA-CoA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
acetyl-CoA + 7 malonyl-CoA + 14 NADHP + 14 H+ => palmitate + 7 CO2 + 14 NADP+ + 8 CoASH + 6 H2O (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Beta-Oxidation (Bos taurus)
Cytosolic ACOTs hydrolyse MCFA-CoA, LCFA-CoA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of steroids (Bos taurus)
Bile acid and bile salt metabolism (Bos taurus)
Recycling of bile acids and salts (Bos taurus)
ABCB11 transports bile salts from cytosol to extracellular region (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Cytosolic cholate and chenodeoxycholate are conjugated with Coenzyme A (SLC27A5 BACS) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts (Bos taurus)
CYP7B1 7-hydroxylates 25OH-CHOL (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Cholesterol is hydroxylated to 25-hydroxycholesterol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 24-hydroxycholesterol (Bos taurus)
3,7,24THCA is conjugated with Coenzyme A (SLC27A2 VLCS) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
3,7,24THCA is conjugated with Coenzyme A (SLC27A5 BACS) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP39A1 7-hydroxylates 24OH-CHOL (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP46A1 24-hydroxylates CHOL (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP8B1 12-hydroxylates 4CHOL7a,24(S)DIOL (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
TetraHCA is conjugated with Coenzyme A (SLC27A2 VLCS) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
TetraHCA is conjugated with Coenzyme A (SLC27A5 BACS) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 27-hydroxycholesterol (Bos taurus)
27-hydroxycholesterol is 7alpha-hydroxylated (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP8B1 12-hydroxylates 4CHOL7a,27DONE (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 7alpha-hydroxycholesterol (Bos taurus)
ABCB11 transports bile salts from cytosol to extracellular region (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP7A1 7-hydroxylates CHOL (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP8B1 12-hydroxylates 4CHOL7aOLONE (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Cholesterol biosynthesis (Bos taurus)
4,4-dimethylcholesta-8(9),24-dien-3beta-ol is oxidized to 4-methyl,4-carboxycholesta-8(9),24-dien-3beta-ol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
4-methylcholesta-8(9),24-dien-3beta-ol is oxidized to 4-carboxycholesta-8(9),24-dien-3beta-ol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ACAT2 condenses 2 Ac-CoA to form ACA-CoA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP51A1 demethylates LNSOL (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Cholesterol biosynthesis via desmosterol (Bos taurus)
Cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol is desaturated to form cholesta-5,7,24-trien-3beta-ol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Cholesterol biosynthesis via lathosterol (Bos taurus)
SC5D desaturates LTHSOL to 7-dehydroCHOL (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
HMGCS1 condenses Ac-CoA and ACA-CoA to form bHMG-CoA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Phospholipid phosphatase 6 hydrolyses Presqualene diphosphate to presqualene monophosphate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Squalene is oxidized to its epoxide (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of steroid hormones (Bos taurus)
Androgen biosynthesis (Bos taurus)
CYP17A1 17-hydroxylates P4 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP17A1 17-hydroxylates PREG (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP17A1 cleaves 17aHPROG to ANDST (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Side chain cleavage of 17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone to yield DHA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Estrogen biosynthesis (Bos taurus)
CYP19A1 hydroxylates ANDST to E1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP19A1 hydroxylates TEST to EST17b (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Glucocorticoid biosynthesis (Bos taurus)
CYP17A1 17-hydroxylates PREG (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP21A2 oxidises 17HPROG (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Mineralocorticoid biosynthesis (Bos taurus)
CYP21A2 21-hydroxylates PROG (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Vitamin D (calciferol) metabolism (Bos taurus)
CYP24A1 hydroxylates CTL, inactivating it (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP27B1 hydroxylates CDL to CTL (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP2R1 25-hydroxylates VD3 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Phospholipid metabolism (Bos taurus)
Glycerophospholipid biosynthesis (Bos taurus)
Acyl chain remodeling of DAG and TAG (Bos taurus)
2-MAG is hydrolyzed to fatty acid and glycerol by MGLL (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
DAG is hydrolyzed to 2-MAG by PNPLA2/3 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
TAG is hydrolyzed to DAG by PNPLA2/3 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Acyl chain remodelling of PC (Bos taurus)
PC is hydrolysed to 2-acyl LPC by PLA2[7] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PC is hydrolyzed to 1-acyl LPC by PLA2[5] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PC is hydrolyzed to 1-acyl LPC by PLA2[6] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
THEM86B hydrolyses PMCHO, PMETAM (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Acyl chain remodelling of PE (Bos taurus)
ABHD4 hydrolyses NAPE (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PE is hydrolyzed to 1-acyl LPE by PLA2[2] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PE is hydrolyzed to 1-acyl LPE by PLA2[3] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PE is hydrolyzed to 2-acyl LPE by PLA2[4] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Acyl chain remodelling of PG (Bos taurus)
PG is hydrolyzed to 1-acyl LPG by PLA2G2A (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PG is hydrolyzed to 1-acyl LPG by PLA2[1] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PG is hydrolyzed to 2-acyl LPG by PLA2[14] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Acyl chain remodelling of PI (Bos taurus)
PI is hydrolyzed to 1-acyl LPI by PLA2[11] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI is hydrolyzed to 1-acyl LPI by PLA2[12] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI is hydrolyzed to 2-acyl LPI by PLA2[13] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Acyl chain remodelling of PS (Bos taurus)
PS is hydrolyzed to 1-acyl LPS by PLA2G2A (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PS is hydrolyzed to 1-acyl LPS by PLA2[9] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PS is hydrolyzed to 2-acyl LPS by PLA2[10] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Hydrolysis of LPC (Bos taurus)
1-acyl LPC is hydrolyzed to GPCho by PLA2[8] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
2-acyl LPC is hydrolyzed to GPCho by PLA2[8] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of PA (Bos taurus)
DDHD1,2 hydrolyse PA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PA is hydrolysed to 1-acyl LPA by PLA2G2A (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PA is hydrolysed to 1-acyl LPA by PLA2[1] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PA is hydrolyzed to 1-acyl LPA by PLA2[1] (OM) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PC is hydrolyzed to PA and choline by PLD1/2 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of PC (Bos taurus)
ABHD3 hydrolyses LPC(14:0) to 1AGPC (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PA is dephosphorylated to DAG by LPIN (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PCho is dephosphorylated to Cho by PHOSPHO1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of PE (Bos taurus)
PA is dephosphorylated to DAG by LPIN (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PETA is dephosphorylated to ETA by PHOSPHO1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI Metabolism (Bos taurus)
Glycerophospholipid catabolism (Bos taurus)
GDE1 hydrolyzes GroPIns (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PNPLA6 hydrolyzes LysoPtdCho (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of PIPs at the ER membrane (Bos taurus)
PI(3,5)P2 is dephosphorylated to PI5P by MTMR2:SBF1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI3P is dephosphorylated to PI by MTMR2:SBF1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI4P is dephosphorylated to PI by SACM1L at the ER membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of PIPs at the Golgi membrane (Bos taurus)
PI(3,4)P2 is dephosphorylated to PI4P by TPTE2 at the Golgi membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI(3,5)P2 is dephosphorylated to PI3P by FIG4 at the Golgi membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI(4,5)P2 is dephosphorylated to PI4P by OCRL/INPP5E at the Golgi membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI3P is dephosphorylated to PI by SACM1L at the Golgi membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of PIPs at the early endosome membrane (Bos taurus)
PI(3,4)P2 is dephosphorylated to PI3P by INPP4A/B at the early endosome membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI(3,5)P2 is dephosphorylated to PI3P by FIG4 at the early endosome membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI(3,5)P2 is dephosphorylated to PI5P by MTM proteins at the early endosome membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI(4,5)P2, PI(3,4)P2 and PI(3,4,5)P3 are dephosphorylated to PI5P, PI3P and PI(3,4)P by INPP5F at the endosome membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI3P is dephosphorylated to PI by MTM proteins at the early endosome membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI3P is dephosphorylated to PI by MTM1:MTMR12 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of PIPs at the late endosome membrane (Bos taurus)
PI(3,5)P2 is dephosphorylated to PI3P by FIG4 at the late endosome membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI(3,5)P2 is dephosphorylated to PI5P by MTM proteins at the late endosome membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI3P is dephosphorylated to PI by MTM proteins at the late endosome membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of PIPs at the plasma membrane (Bos taurus)
PI(3,4)P2 is dephosphorylated to PI3P by INPP4A/B at the plasma membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI(3,4)P2 is dephosphorylated to PI4P by PTEN at the plasma membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI(3,4,5)P3 is dephosphorylated to PI(3,4)P2 by INPP5[2] at the plasma membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI(3,5)P2 is dephosphorylated to PI3P by SYNJ at the plasma membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI(3,5)P2 is dephosphorylated to PI5P by MTMR9-bound MTMR6 or MTMR8 at the plasma membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI(3,5)P2 is dephosphorylated to PI5P by SYNJ/MTMs at the plasma membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI(4,5)P2 is dephosphorylated to PI4P by SYNJ/INPP5[1] at the plasma membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI3P is dephosphorylated to PI by MTMR9-bound MTMR8 or MTMR6 at the plasma membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI3P is dephosphorylated to PI by SYNJ/MTMs at the plasma membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI4P is dephosphorylated to PI by SYNJ at the plasma membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PTEN dephosphorylates PIP3 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Sphingolipid metabolism (Bos taurus)
Glycosphingolipid metabolism (Bos taurus)
Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 7 (ENPP7) hydrolyses sphingomyelin (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Glucosylceramidase 2 cleaves the glucosidic bond of glucocerebroside to form ceramide (plasma membrane) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Neu5Ac is cleaved from GM3 by NEU2 to form a globoside (cytosol) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Neu5Ac is cleaved from GM3 by NEU3 to form globoside (plasma membrane) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Neutral ceramidase hydrolyses ceramide into sphingosine and free fatty acid (plasma membrane) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 and 3 (SMPD2 and 3) hydrolyse sphingomyelin to ceramide (plasma membrane) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Sphingolipid de novo biosynthesis (Bos taurus)
ALDH3A2-1 oxidises HD2NAL to PALM (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ALDH3B2 oxidises HXAL to PALM (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
FA2H hydroxylates CERA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ceramide + H2O <=> stearate + sphingosine [endoplasmic reticulum] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ceramide + H2O => stearate + sphingosine [Golgi] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
dihydroceramide + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 => ceramide + NAD(P)+ + H2O (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
dihydroceramide + NADPH + H+ + O2 => phytoceramide + NADP+ + H2O (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
multiphospho-CERT:PPM1L:VAPA/B + 3 H2O => CERT:PPM1L:VAPA/B + 3 orthophosphate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
phytoceramide + H2O => stearate + phytosphingosine (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
sphinganine 1-phosphate + H2O => sphinganine + orthophosphate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
sphingosine 1-phosphate + H2O => sphingosine + orthophosphate [cytosolic - PPAP] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
sphingosine 1-phosphate + H2O => sphingosine + orthophosphate [cytosolic - SGPP] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Triglyceride metabolism (Bos taurus)
Triglyceride biosynthesis (Bos taurus)
1,2-diacyl-glycerol 3-phosphate + H2O => 1,2-diacyl-glycerol + orthophosphate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
AGMO cleaves alkylglycerol into fatty aldehyde and glycerol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Triglyceride catabolism (Bos taurus)
PNPLA4 hydrolyzes TAG (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PNPLA4 hydrolyzes retinyl palmitate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PNPLA5 hydrolyzes TAG (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of nitric oxide (Bos taurus)
eNOS activation and regulation (Bos taurus)
Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) synthesis, recycling, salvage and regulation (Bos taurus)
GCH1 reduces GTP to dihydroneopterin triphosphate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
eNOS activation (Bos taurus)
DDAH1,2 hydrolyses ADMA to DMA and L-Cit (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of nucleotides (Bos taurus)
Interconversion of nucleotide di- and triphosphates (Bos taurus)
RNR (M1M2) reduces nucleotide diphosphates to deoxynucleotide diphosphates (glutaredoxin) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
RNR (M1M2) reduces nucleotide diphosphates to deoxynucleotide diphosphates (thioredoxin) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
RNR (M1M2B) reduces nucleotide diphosphates to deoxynucleotide diphosphates (glutaredoxin) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
RNR (M1M2B) reduces nucleotide diphosphates to deoxynucleotide diphosphates (thioredoxin) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
UTP + glutamine + ATP + H2O => CTP + glutamate + ADP + orthophosphate [CTPS2] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
UTP + glutamine + ATP + H2O => CTP + glutamate + ADP + orthophosphate [CTPS] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
dCMP + H2O => dUMP + NH4+ (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Nucleobase biosynthesis (Bos taurus)
Purine ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthesis (Bos taurus)
5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate (PRPP) + H2O + L-glutamine <=> 5-phosphoribosylamine + L-glutamate +pyrophosphate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
FAICAR => IMP + H2O (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
FGAR + L-Glutamine + ATP + H2O => FGAM + L-Glutamate + ADP + Pi (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
IMP + H2O + NAD+ => XMP + NADH + H+ [IMPDH1,2] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
LHPP:Mg2+ dimer hydrolyses PPi (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
XMP + L-Glutamine + ATP + H2O => GMP + L-Glutamate + AMP + pyrophosphate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Pyrimidine biosynthesis (Bos taurus)
L-glutamine + 2 ATP + HCO3- + H2O => carbamoyl phosphate + L-glutamate + 2 ADP + orthophosphate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
N-carbamoyl L-aspartate + H+ <=> (S)-dihydroorotate + H2O (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Nucleobase catabolism (Bos taurus)
Purine catabolism (Bos taurus)
(d)AMP, (d)GMP, or (d)IMP + H2O => (deoxy)adenosine, (deoxy)guanosine, or (deoxy)inosine + orthophosphate (NT5C1A) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
(d)GMP or (d)IMP + H2O => (2'-deoxy)guanosine or (2'-deoxy)inosine + orthophosphate (NT5C2) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
(d)GMP or (d)IMP + H2O => (d)G or (d)I + orthophosphate (NT5C) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
AMP + H2O => adenosine + orthophosphate [NT5C1B] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
DNPH1 hydrolyses dGMP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Guanine + H2O => Xanthine + NH4+ (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Hypoxanthine + H2O + O2 => Xanthine + H2O2 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ITPA hydrolyses ITP to IMP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ITPA hydrolyses XTP to XMP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ITPA hydrolyses dITP to dIMP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Phosphate bond hydrolysis by NUDT proteins (Bos taurus)
ADPRM hydrolyses ADP-ribose to R5P and AMP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Cytosolic NUDT5 hydrolyses ADP-ribose to R5P and AMP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
NUDT1 hydrolyses 2-OH-ATP to 2-OH-AMP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
NUDT1 hydrolyses 2-OH-dATP to 2-OH-dAMP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
NUDT1 hydrolyses 8-oxo-dGTP to 8-oxo-dGMP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
NUDT15 hydrolyses 8-oxo-dGDP to 8-oxo-dGMP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
NUDT15 hydrolyses 8-oxo-dGTP to 8-oxo-dGMP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
NUDT18 hydrolyses 8-OH-dADP to 8-OH-dAMP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
NUDT18 hydrolyses 8-oxo-GDP to 8-oxo-GMP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
NUDT18 hydrolyses 8-oxo-dGDP to 8-oxo-dGMP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Xanthine + H2O + O2 => Urate + H2O2 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Pyrimidine catabolism (Bos taurus)
(d)CMP, TMP, or (d)UMP + H2O => (deoxy)cytidine, thymidine, or (deoxy)uridine + orthophosphate (NT5C1A) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
(d)CMP, TMP, or (d)UMP + H2O => (deoxy)cytidine, thymidine, or (deoxy)uridine + orthophosphate (NT5C3) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
5,6-dihydrothymine + H2O => beta-ureidoisobutyrate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
5,6-dihydrouracil + H2O => beta-ureidopropionate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
TMP, uridine 2', 3', or 5' monophosphates, or deoxyuridine 3' or 5' monophosphates + H2O => thymidine or (deoxy)uridine + orthophosphate [NT5C] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
beta-ureidoisobutyrate + H2O => 3-aminoisobutyrate + NH4+ + CO2 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
beta-ureidopropionate + H2O => beta-alanine + NH4+ + CO2 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Nucleotide salvage (Bos taurus)
Purine salvage (Bos taurus)
(2'-deoxy)adenosine + H2O => (2'-deoxy)inosine + NH4+ (ADA) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
AMP + H2O => IMP + NH4+ (AMPD) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
N6-methyl-AMP + H2O => IMP + methylamine (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Pyrimidine salvage (Bos taurus)
(deoxy)cytidine + H2O => (deoxy)uridine + NH4+ (CDA) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
HDHD1:Mg2+ dephosphorylates PURIDP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of porphyrins (Bos taurus)
Heme biosynthesis (Bos taurus)
4 PBGs bind to form HMB (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ALAD condenses 2 dALAs to form PBG (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
UROS transforms HMB to URO3 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Heme degradation (Bos taurus)
HMOX1,2 cleave heme (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of vitamins and cofactors (Bos taurus)
Metabolism of water-soluble vitamins and cofactors (Bos taurus)
Cobalamin (Cbl, vitamin B12) transport and metabolism (Bos taurus)
ABCC1 transports cytosolic Cbl to extracellular region (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ABCD4 may transport Cbl from lysosomal lumen to cytosol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of folate and pterines (Bos taurus)
10-formylTHF polyglutamate <=> 5,10-methenylTHF polyglutamate + H2O (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
5,10-methenylTHF polyglutamate + H2O <=> 10-formylTHF polyglutamate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ALDH1L1 dehydrogenates 10-formyl-THFPG to THFPG (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis (Bos taurus)
Cyclisation of GTP to precursor Z (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Molybdenum ion transfer onto molybdopterin (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Sulfhydrylation and ring cleavage of precursor Z (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Nicotinate metabolism (Bos taurus)
NADSYN1 hexamer amidates NAAD to NAD+ (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Vitamin B1 (thiamin) metabolism (Bos taurus)
THTPA:Mg2+ hydrolyzes ThTP to TDP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) metabolism (Bos taurus)
2xENPP1 hydrolyzes FAD to FMN (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
2xTRAP hydrolyzes FMN to RIB (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Vitamins B6 activation to pyridoxal phosphate (Bos taurus)
2xPNPO:2xFMN oxidizes PXAP to PXLP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
AOX1 oxidises PXL to PDXate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Pyrophosphate hydrolysis (Bos taurus)
pyrophosphate + H2O => 2 orthophosphate [cytosolic] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide (Bos taurus)
Carbonic anhydrase dehydrates bicarbonate (cytosol) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Carbonic anhydrase hydrates carbon dioxide (cytosol) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of RNA (Bos taurus)
Deadenylation-dependent mRNA decay (Bos taurus)
Deadenylation of mRNA (Bos taurus)
CCR4-NOT complex deadenylates mRNA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PAN2-PAN3 complex partially deadenylates mRNA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
