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About
What is Reactome ?
News
Team
Scientific Advisory Board
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Release Calendar
Statistics
Our Logo
License Agreement
Privacy Notice
Disclaimer
Content
Table of Contents
DOIs
Data Schema
Reactome Research Spotlight
ORCID Integration Project
COVID-19 Disease Pathways
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How do I search ?
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H2O [cytosol]
Stable Identifier
R-ALL-29356
Type
Chemical Compound [SimpleEntity]
Compartment
cytosol
Synonyms
water
Icon
Locations in the PathwayBrowser
for Species:
Homo sapiens
Bos taurus
Caenorhabditis elegans
Canis familiaris
Danio rerio
Dictyostelium discoideum
Drosophila melanogaster
Gallus gallus
Mus musculus
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Plasmodium falciparum
Rattus norvegicus
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Sus scrofa
Xenopus tropicalis
Expand all
Autophagy (Bos taurus)
Macroautophagy (Bos taurus)
Selective autophagy (Bos taurus)
Pexophagy (Bos taurus)
USP30 deubiquitinates ATM dimer:Ub-p-PEX5 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Cell Cycle (Bos taurus)
Cell Cycle, Mitotic (Bos taurus)
M Phase (Bos taurus)
Mitotic Metaphase and Anaphase (Bos taurus)
Mitotic Anaphase (Bos taurus)
Nuclear Envelope (NE) Reassembly (Bos taurus)
Initiation of Nuclear Envelope (NE) Reformation (Bos taurus)
ANKLE2 is deacetylated by SIRT2 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PP2A dephosphorylates BANF1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Postmitotic nuclear pore complex (NPC) reformation (Bos taurus)
RAN stimulates fusion of nuclear envelope (NE) membranes (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Sealing of the nuclear envelope (NE) by ESCRT-III (Bos taurus)
SPAST (spastin) mediates the severing of microtubules at chromosome attachment sites (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Mitotic Prometaphase (Bos taurus)
Condensation of Prometaphase Chromosomes (Bos taurus)
Dephosphorylation of CK2-modified condensin I (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Resolution of Sister Chromatid Cohesion (Bos taurus)
PP2A-B56 dephosphorylates centromeric cohesin (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Mitotic G2-G2/M phases (Bos taurus)
G2/M Transition (Bos taurus)
Cyclin A/B1/B2 associated events during G2/M transition (Bos taurus)
Dephosphorylation of cytoplasmic Cyclin B1/B2:phospho-Cdc2 (Thr 14, Tyr 15) complexes by CDC25B (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Regulation of mitotic cell cycle (Bos taurus)
APC/C-mediated degradation of cell cycle proteins (Bos taurus)
Conversion from APC/C:Cdc20 to APC/C:Cdh1 in late anaphase (Bos taurus)
Dephosphorylation of phospho-Cdh1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Cellular responses to stimuli (Bos taurus)
Cellular responses to stress (Bos taurus)
Cellular response to chemical stress (Bos taurus)
Cytoprotection by HMOX1 (Bos taurus)
HMOX1 dimer, HMOX2 cleave heme (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Detoxification of Reactive Oxygen Species (Bos taurus)
GPX1 catalyzes reaction of reduced glutathione and H2O2 to form oxidized glutathione and H2O (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PRDX1,2,5 catalyze TXN reduced + H2O2 => TXN oxidized + 2H2O (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PRDX5 reduces peroxynitrite to nitrite using TXN (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PRDX6:GSTP1 catalyzes 2 glutathione, reduced + H2O2 => glutathione, oxidized + 2 H2O (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
KEAP1-NFE2L2 pathway (Bos taurus)
Nuclear events mediated by NFE2L2 (Bos taurus)
NFE2L2 regulating anti-oxidant/detoxification enzymes (Bos taurus)
PRDX1 overoxidizes (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Cellular response to heat stress (Bos taurus)
Regulation of HSF1-mediated heat shock response (Bos taurus)
HSP40s activate intrinsic ATPase activity of HSP70s in the cytosol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Chromatin organization (Bos taurus)
Chromatin modifying enzymes (Bos taurus)
PADIs:Ca2+ deiminate L-Arg to L-Cit in proteins (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Developmental Biology (Bos taurus)
Nervous system development (Bos taurus)
Axon guidance (Bos taurus)
EPH-Ephrin signaling (Bos taurus)
EPHB-mediated forward signaling (Bos taurus)
p120-RasGAP activates GTP hydrolysis on RAS, inactivating it (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
L1CAM interactions (Bos taurus)
LYPLA2 hydrolyses PALM-C3,4-GAP43 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Semaphorin interactions (Bos taurus)
Sema4D in semaphorin signaling (Bos taurus)
Sema4D mediated inhibition of cell attachment and migration (Bos taurus)
Inactivation of Rho-GTP by p190RhoGAP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Signaling by ROBO receptors (Bos taurus)
Regulation of expression of SLITs and ROBOs (Bos taurus)
USP33 deubiquitinates ROBO1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
SLIT2:ROBO1 increases RHOA activity (Bos taurus)
MYO9B inactivates RHOA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Drug ADME (Bos taurus)
Abacavir ADME (Bos taurus)
Abacavir metabolism (Bos taurus)
abacavir monophosphate + H2O => carbovir monophosphate + cyclopropylamine (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Aspirin ADME (Bos taurus)
ABCC2, ABCC3 transport salicylate metabolites from cytosol to extracellular region of hepatic cells (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Atorvastatin ADME (Bos taurus)
CYP3A4 monooxygenates ATV to 2-OH-ATV (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP3A4 monooxygenates ATV to 4-OH-ATV (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP3A4 monooxygenates ATVL to 2-OH-ATVL (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP3A4 monooxygenates ATVL to 4-OH-ATVL (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PON1,3 hydrolyse ATVL to ATV (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Azathioprine ADME (Bos taurus)
ABCC4 transports TPMP substrates from cytosol to extracellular region (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ABCC5 transports TPMP substrates from cytosol to extracellular region (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
GMPS dimer transforms 6TXMP to 6TGMP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
IMPDH tetramers dehydrogenate 6TIMP to 6TXMP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
NUDT15 dimer dephosphorylates 6TdGTP to 6TdGMP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
XDH oxidises 6MP to 6TU (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Ciprofloxacin ADME (Bos taurus)
ABCG2 transports Cipro from hepatic cell to extracellular space (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ABCG2 transports Cipro from intestinal cell to extracellular space (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Paracetamol ADME (Bos taurus)
ABCC1,4,5 transport APAP-Cys,APAP-Mer from cytosol to extracellular region (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ABCC2,ABCG2 transport APAP-GlcA, APAP-SO3 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ABCC3,ABCC4 transport APAP-GlcA, APAP-SO3 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ACY1:Zn2+ dimer deacetylates NAC to L-Cys (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CNDP2:2Mn2+ dimer hydrolyses APAP-CysGly (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP2E1 monooxygenates APAP to NAPQI (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
GGT dimers hydrolyse APAP-SG (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
GSTs transfer GSH to NAPQI to form APAP-SG (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Prednisone ADME (Bos taurus)
ABCB1 transports PREDN,PREDL out of hepatic cells (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ABCB1 transports PREDN,PREDL out of kidney cells (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ABCB1 transports xenobiotics out of the cell (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP3A4 oxidizes PREDN,PREDL (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Ribavirin ADME (Bos taurus)
ADA deamidates RBV (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ITPA dimer dephosphorylates RBV-TP to RBV-MP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
NT5C2 tetramer dephosphorylates RBV-MP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Gene expression (Transcription) (Bos taurus)
RNA Polymerase II Transcription (Bos taurus)
Generic Transcription Pathway (Bos taurus)
Transcriptional Regulation by TP53 (Bos taurus)
TP53 Regulates Metabolic Genes (Bos taurus)
PRDX1 overoxidizes (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PRDX1,2,5 catalyze TXN reduced + H2O2 => TXN oxidized + 2H2O (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
TIGAR converts D-fructose-2,6-bisphosphate to D-fructose 6-phosphate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Transcriptional activity of SMAD2/SMAD3:SMAD4 heterotrimer (Bos taurus)
Downregulation of SMAD2/3:SMAD4 transcriptional activity (Bos taurus)
USP9X (FAM) deubiquitinates SMAD4 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Hemostasis (Bos taurus)
Platelet activation, signaling and aggregation (Bos taurus)
Effects of PIP2 hydrolysis (Bos taurus)
Arachidonate production from DAG (Bos taurus)
2-AG hydrolysis to arachidonate by MAGL (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ABHD6,12 hydrolyse 3AG (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Platelet Aggregation (Plug Formation) (Bos taurus)
Integrin signaling (Bos taurus)
Dephosphorylation of inactive SRC by PTPB1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Response to elevated platelet cytosolic Ca2+ (Bos taurus)
Platelet degranulation (Bos taurus)
ABCC4 accumulation of dense granule contents (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Platelet homeostasis (Bos taurus)
PAFAH2 hydrolyses PAF to lyso-PAF and acetate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Immune System (Bos taurus)
Adaptive Immune System (Bos taurus)
Class I MHC mediated antigen processing & presentation (Bos taurus)
Antigen Presentation: Folding, assembly and peptide loading of class I MHC (Bos taurus)
Disassembly of COPII coated vesicle (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Transport of Antigen peptide in to ER (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
MHC class II antigen presentation (Bos taurus)
Internalization of MHC II:Ii clathrin coated vesicle (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
TCR signaling (Bos taurus)
Downstream TCR signaling (Bos taurus)
Hydrolysis of PIP3 to PI(3,4)P2 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PTEN dephosphorylates PIP3 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Generation of second messenger molecules (Bos taurus)
PLC-gamma1 hydrolyses PIP2 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Phosphorylation of CD3 and TCR zeta chains (Bos taurus)
Dephosphorylation of Lck-pY505 by CD45 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Inactivation of LCK by PTPN22 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Translocation of ZAP-70 to Immunological synapse (Bos taurus)
PTPN22 dephosphorylates ZAP70 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Cytokine Signaling in Immune system (Bos taurus)
FLT3 Signaling (Bos taurus)
Negative regulation of FLT3 (Bos taurus)
PTPRJ dephosphorylates active FLT3 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Growth hormone receptor signaling (Bos taurus)
PTP1B dephosphorylates GHR (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Interferon Signaling (Bos taurus)
Antiviral mechanism by IFN-stimulated genes (Bos taurus)
OAS antiviral response (Bos taurus)
PDE12 cleaves 2'-5' oligoadenylates (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Interferon alpha/beta signaling (Bos taurus)
Regulation of IFNA/IFNB signaling (Bos taurus)
Dephosphorylation of JAK1 by SHP1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Dephosphorylation of STAT1 by SHP2 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Dephosphorylation of TYK2 by PTP1B (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Signaling by Interleukins (Bos taurus)
Interleukin-1 family signaling (Bos taurus)
Interleukin-1 signaling (Bos taurus)
TAK1-dependent IKK and NF-kappa-B activation (Bos taurus)
Regulation of NF-kappa B signaling (Bos taurus)
USP14 deubiquitinates NLRC5 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Innate Immune System (Bos taurus)
C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) (Bos taurus)
CLEC7A (Dectin-1) signaling (Bos taurus)
CLEC7A (Dectin-1) induces NFAT activation (Bos taurus)
Calcineurin binds and dephosphorylates NFAT (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
p-Y753,Y759-PLCG2 hydrolyses PIP2 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Fc epsilon receptor (FCERI) signaling (Bos taurus)
FCERI mediated Ca+2 mobilization (Bos taurus)
Calcineurin binds and dephosphorylates NFAT (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Hydrolysis of PIP2 by PLCG (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Fcgamma receptor (FCGR) dependent phagocytosis (Bos taurus)
Role of phospholipids in phagocytosis (Bos taurus)
Conversion of PA into DAG by PAP-1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Hydrolysis of PC to PA by PLD (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Production of AA by iPLA2 upon FCGR activation (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Toll-like Receptor Cascades (Bos taurus)
Toll Like Receptor 10 (TLR10) Cascade (Bos taurus)
MyD88 cascade initiated on plasma membrane (Bos taurus)
TAK1-dependent IKK and NF-kappa-B activation (Bos taurus)
Regulation of NF-kappa B signaling (Bos taurus)
USP14 deubiquitinates NLRC5 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Toll Like Receptor 2 (TLR2) Cascade (Bos taurus)
Toll Like Receptor TLR1:TLR2 Cascade (Bos taurus)
MyD88:MAL(TIRAP) cascade initiated on plasma membrane (Bos taurus)
TAK1-dependent IKK and NF-kappa-B activation (Bos taurus)
Regulation of NF-kappa B signaling (Bos taurus)
USP14 deubiquitinates NLRC5 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Toll Like Receptor TLR6:TLR2 Cascade (Bos taurus)
MyD88:MAL(TIRAP) cascade initiated on plasma membrane (Bos taurus)
TAK1-dependent IKK and NF-kappa-B activation (Bos taurus)
Regulation of NF-kappa B signaling (Bos taurus)
USP14 deubiquitinates NLRC5 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Toll Like Receptor 3 (TLR3) Cascade (Bos taurus)
TAK1-dependent IKK and NF-kappa-B activation (Bos taurus)
Regulation of NF-kappa B signaling (Bos taurus)
USP14 deubiquitinates NLRC5 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Toll Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Cascade (Bos taurus)
MyD88-independent TLR4 cascade (Bos taurus)
TRIF(TICAM1)-mediated TLR4 signaling (Bos taurus)
TAK1-dependent IKK and NF-kappa-B activation (Bos taurus)
Regulation of NF-kappa B signaling (Bos taurus)
USP14 deubiquitinates NLRC5 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
MyD88:MAL(TIRAP) cascade initiated on plasma membrane (Bos taurus)
TAK1-dependent IKK and NF-kappa-B activation (Bos taurus)
Regulation of NF-kappa B signaling (Bos taurus)
USP14 deubiquitinates NLRC5 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Toll Like Receptor 5 (TLR5) Cascade (Bos taurus)
MyD88 cascade initiated on plasma membrane (Bos taurus)
TAK1-dependent IKK and NF-kappa-B activation (Bos taurus)
Regulation of NF-kappa B signaling (Bos taurus)
USP14 deubiquitinates NLRC5 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Toll Like Receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8) Cascade (Bos taurus)
MyD88 dependent cascade initiated on endosome (Bos taurus)
TRAF6 mediated induction of NFkB and MAP kinases upon TLR7/8 or 9 activation (Bos taurus)
TAK1-dependent IKK and NF-kappa-B activation (Bos taurus)
Regulation of NF-kappa B signaling (Bos taurus)
USP14 deubiquitinates NLRC5 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Toll Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) Cascade (Bos taurus)
MyD88 dependent cascade initiated on endosome (Bos taurus)
TRAF6 mediated induction of NFkB and MAP kinases upon TLR7/8 or 9 activation (Bos taurus)
TAK1-dependent IKK and NF-kappa-B activation (Bos taurus)
Regulation of NF-kappa B signaling (Bos taurus)
USP14 deubiquitinates NLRC5 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism (Bos taurus)
Biological oxidations (Bos taurus)
Aflatoxin activation and detoxification (Bos taurus)
ACY1:Zn2+ dimer hydrolyses mercapturic acids (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP1A2 hydroxylates AFB1 to AFM1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP1A2, 3A4 oxidise AFB1 to AFNBO (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP1A2,3A4,3A5,2A13 oxidise AFB1 to AFXBO (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP2A13 oxidises AFM1 to AFM1E (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP3A4,5 hydroxylates AFB1 to AFQ1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Phase I - Functionalization of compounds (Bos taurus)
AADAC deacetylates PHEN (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ALD3A1 oxidises 4HPCP to CXPA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Amine Oxidase reactions (Bos taurus)
Biogenic amines are oxidatively deaminated to aldehydes by MAOA and MAOB (Bos taurus)
MAOA:FAD oxidatively deaminates of 5HT (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
MAOB:FAD oxidatively deaminates TYR (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
MAOB:FAD oxidatively deaminates of PEA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
BPHL hydrolyses VACV to ACV (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CES3 hydrolyses CHEST to CHOL and LCFA(-) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CMBL hydrolyses OM to OLMS (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Cytochrome P450 - arranged by substrate type (Bos taurus)
Eicosanoids (Bos taurus)
CYP4F22 20-hydroxylates TrXA3 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Endogenous sterols (Bos taurus)
CYP19A1 hydroxylates ANDST to E1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP1B1 4-hydroxylates EST17b (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP21A2 21-hydroxylates PROG (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP39A1 7-hydroxylates 24OH-CHOL (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP46A1 24-hydroxylates CHOL (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP4V2 omega-hydroxylates DHA to HDoHE (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP51A1 demethylates LNSOL (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP7A1 7-hydroxylates CHOL (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP7B1 7-hydroxylates 25OH-CHOL (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Vitamins (Bos taurus)
CYP26C1 4-hydroxylates 9cRA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP27B1 hydroxylates 25(OH)D to 1,25(OH)2D (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP2R1 25-hydroxylates VD3 to 25(OH)D (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
EPHX1 hydrates BaP4,5O to BaP4,5-DHD (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Ethanol oxidation (Bos taurus)
acetaldehyde + NAD+ => acetate + NADH + H+ [cytosolic] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
MARC1,MARC2 reduce N-hydroxylated compounds (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Phase II - Conjugation of compounds (Bos taurus)
Cytosolic sulfonation of small molecules (Bos taurus)
ABHD14B hydrolyses PNPB (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate (PAP) + H2O => AMP + orthophosphate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Glucuronidation (Bos taurus)
Formation of the active cofactor, UDP-glucuronate (Bos taurus)
UDP-glucose is oxidised to UDP-glucuronate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Glutathione conjugation (Bos taurus)
Glutathione synthesis and recycling (Bos taurus)
CNDP2:2Mn2+ dimer hydrolyses CysGly (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
OPLAH hydrolyses OPRO to L-Glu (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Methylation (Bos taurus)
AHCY:NAD+ tetramer hydrolyses AdoHcy (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
GSTO1 dimer reduces methylarsonate to methylarsonite (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
MAT1A multimers transfer Ado from ATP to L-Met (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
MAT2B:MAT2A:K+:2Mg2+ transfers Ado from ATP to L-Met (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Inositol phosphate metabolism (Bos taurus)
Synthesis of IP2, IP, and Ins in the cytosol (Bos taurus)
I(1,3,4)P3 is dephosphorylated to I(1,3)P2 by INPP4A/B in the cytosol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
I(1,3,4)P3 is dephosphorylated to I(3,4)P2 by INPP1 in the cytosol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
I(1,4)P2 is dephosphorylated to I4P by INPP1 in the cytosol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
I(1,4,5)P3 is dephosphorylated to I(1,4)P2 by INPP5(4) in the cytosol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
I(1,4,5)P3 is dephosphorylated to I(1,4)P2 by INPP5A/B at the plasma membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
I(3,4)P2 is dephosphorylated to I3P by INPP4A/B in the cytosol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
I1P is dephosphorylated to Ins by IMPA1/2 in the cytosol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
I3P is dephosphorylated to Ins by IMPA1/2 in the cytosol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
I4P is dephosphorylated to Ins by IMPA1/2 in the cytosol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
MIOX oxidises Ins to GlcA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of IP3 and IP4 in the cytosol (Bos taurus)
I(1,3,4,5)P4 is dephosphorylated to I(1,3,4)P3 by INPP5B at the plasma membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
I(1,3,4,5)P4 is dephosphorylated to I(1,3,4)P3 by INPP5[3]/ITPK1 in the cytosol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
I(1,3,4,5)P4 is dephosphorylated to I(1,4,5)P3 by PTEN in the cytosol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
I(1,3,4,6)P4 is dephosphorylated to I(1,3,4)P3 by ITPK1 in the cytosol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
I(1,3,4,6)P4 is dephosphorylated to I(3,4,6)P3 by ITPK1 in the cytosol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI(4,5)P2 is hydrolysed to I(1,4,5)P3 and DAG by cytosolic PLC[2] at the plasma membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI(4,5)P2 is hydrolysed to I(1,4,5)P3 and DAG by tethered PLC[1] at the plasma membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PL(C)D4:3xCa2+ hydrolse PI(4,5)P2 to I(1,4,5)P3 and DAG at the ER membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of pyrophosphates in the cytosol (Bos taurus)
(PP)2-IP4 is dephosphorylated to 1/3-PP-IP5 by NUDT(1) in the cytosol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
(PP)2-IP4 is dephosphorylated to 5-PP-IP5 by NUDT(1) in the cytosol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
1/3 PP-IP5 is dephosphorylated to IP6 by NUDT(1) in the cytosol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
5-PP-IP5 is dephosphorylated to IP6 by NUDT(1) in the cytosol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
I(1,3,4,5,6)P5 is dephosphorylated to I(3,4,5,6)P4 by ITPK1 in the cytosol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PP-IP4 is dephosphorylated to I(1,3,4,5,6)P5 by NUDT4 in the cytosol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Integration of energy metabolism (Bos taurus)
Regulation of insulin secretion (Bos taurus)
Acetylcholine regulates insulin secretion (Bos taurus)
Activated Phospholipase C beta-1 hydrolyzes 1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Free fatty acids regulate insulin secretion (Bos taurus)
Fatty Acids bound to GPR40 (FFAR1) regulate insulin secretion (Bos taurus)
Activated Phospholipase C beta-1 hydrolyzes 1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives (Bos taurus)
Aspartate and asparagine metabolism (Bos taurus)
ASPA deacetylates NAA to acetate and L-aspartate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ASPG hydrolyses L-Asn to L-Asp (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
aspartate + glutamine + ATP <=> asparagine + glutamate + AMP + pyrophosphate [ASNS] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Carnitine synthesis (Bos taurus)
ALDH9A1 tetramer dehydrogenates TEABL to form TEABT (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Histidine catabolism (Bos taurus)
4-imidazolone-5-propionate + H2O => N-formiminoglutamate + 2H+ (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
urocanate + H2O => 4-imidazolone-5-propionate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of polyamines (Bos taurus)
Agmatine biosynthesis (Bos taurus)
Agmatine + H2O <=> putrescine + urea (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism (Bos taurus)
Phenylalanine metabolism (Bos taurus)
4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin => q-dihydrobiopterin + H2O (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ASRGL1 hydrolyses aspartame to L-Asp, L-Phe (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Tyrosine catabolism (Bos taurus)
fumarylacetoacetate => fumarate + acetoacetate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Selenoamino acid metabolism (Bos taurus)
Metabolism of ingested MeSeO2H into MeSeH (Bos taurus)
MeSeO2H is reduced to MeSeOH by TXNRD1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
MeSeOH is reduced to MeSeH by TXNRD1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of ingested SeMet, Sec, MeSec into H2Se (Bos taurus)
SeMet is converted to AdoSeMet by MAT (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Serine biosynthesis (Bos taurus)
PSPH:Mg2+ dimer dephosphorylates O-P-Ser (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PXLP-K56-SRR dimer deaminates D-Ser (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PXLP-K56-SRR dimer deaminates L-Ser (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Sulfur amino acid metabolism (Bos taurus)
AHCY:NAD+ tetramer hydrolyses AdoHcy (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Cysteine formation from homocysteine (Bos taurus)
PXLP-CBS tetramers condenses HCYS and L-Ser to form L-Cystathionine (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PXLP-K212-CTH cleaves L-Cystathionine (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Degradation of cysteine and homocysteine (Bos taurus)
Cysteine is degraded to serine and H2S (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
FMO1:FAD oxidizes HTAU to TAU (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Homocysteine is degraded to oxobutanoate and H2S (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
MAT1A multimers transfer Ado from ATP to L-Met (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Methionine salvage pathway (Bos taurus)
Acireductone is created (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Threonine catabolism (Bos taurus)
SDS dimers:PXLP dehydrate L-Thr to 2AA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Tryptophan catabolism (Bos taurus)
3-hydroxykynurenine + H2O => 3-hydroxyanthranilate + alanine (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
kynurenine + O2 + NADPH + H+ => 3-hydroxykynurenine + NADP+ + H2O (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Urea cycle (Bos taurus)
arginine + H2O => ornithine + urea [ARG1] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of carbohydrates (Bos taurus)
Fructose metabolism (Bos taurus)
Fructose catabolism (Bos taurus)
ALDH1A1 oxidises GA to DGA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Glucose metabolism (Bos taurus)
Gluconeogenesis (Bos taurus)
Enolase dimers (ENO1,2,3) convert PEP to 2PG (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
FBP tetramers hydrolyze F1,6PP to Fru(6)P (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Glycolysis (Bos taurus)
2-Phospho-D-glycerate <=> Phosphoenolpyruvate + H2O (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
GNPDA1,2 hexamers deaminate GlcN6P to Fru(6)P (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Regulation of glycolysis by fructose 2,6-bisphosphate metabolism (Bos taurus)
Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate is hydrolyzed to form fructose-6-phosphate and orthophosphate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Glycogen metabolism (Bos taurus)
Glycogen synthesis (Bos taurus)
EPM2A dimer dephosphorylates phosphoglycogen-GYG1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
EPM2A dimer dephosphorylates phosphoglycogen-GYG2 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Lysosomal oligosaccharide catabolism (Bos taurus)
MAN2C1 hydrolyses GlcNAc (Man)9 to GlcNAc (Man)5 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Pentose phosphate pathway (Bos taurus)
D-glucono-1,5-lactone 6-phosphate + H2O => 6-phospho-D-gluconate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of lipids (Bos taurus)
Biosynthesis of specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs) (Bos taurus)
Biosynthesis of DHA-derived SPMs (Bos taurus)
Biosynthesis of D-series resolvins (Bos taurus)
GPX4-2 reduces 17(S)-Hp-DHA to 17(S)-HDHA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
LTA4H:Zn2+ hydrolyses 4S(5)-epoxy-17(S)-HDHA to RvD3 or RvD4 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
LTA4H:Zn2+ hydrolyses 7S(8)-epoxy-17(S)-HDHA to RvD1 or RvD2 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Biosynthesis of aspirin-triggered D-series resolvins (Bos taurus)
GPX4-2 reduces 17(R)-Hp-DHA to 17(R)-HDHA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
LTA4H:Zn2+ hydrolyses 4S(5)-epoxy-17(R)-HDHA to AT-RvD3 or AT-RvD4 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
LTA4H:Zn2+ hydrolyses 7S(8)-epoxy-17(R)-HDHA to AT-RvD1 or AT-RvD2 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Biosynthesis of maresins (Bos taurus)
Biosynthesis of maresin-like SPMs (Bos taurus)
CYP2E1 oxidises 14(R)-HDHA to 14(R),21(R)-diHDHA and 14(R),21(S)-diHDHA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP2E1 oxidises 14(S)-HDHA to 14(S),21(R)-diHDHA and 14(S),21(S)-diHDHA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYPs hydroxylate DHA to 14(R)-HDHA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Biosynthesis of protectins (Bos taurus)
CYP1, CYP2 hydroxylate (N)PD1 to 22-OH-(N)PD1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
LTA4H:Zn2+ hydrolyses 16S,17S-epoxy-DHA to (N)PD1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
LTA4H:Zn2+ hydrolyses 17R(16)-epoxy-DHA to AT-(N)PD1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Biosynthesis of EPA-derived SPMs (Bos taurus)
Biosynthesis of E-series 18(R)-resolvins (Bos taurus)
GPX4-2 reduces 18(R)-HpEPE to 18(R)-HEPE (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
LTA4H:Zn2+ hydrolyses 5S,6S-epoxy-18(R)-HEPE to 18(R)-RvE1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Biosynthesis of E-series 18(S)-resolvins (Bos taurus)
GPX4-2 reduces 18(S)-HpEPE to 18(S)-HEPE (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
LTA4H:Zn2+ hydrolyses 5S,6S-epoxy-18(S)-HEPE to 18(S)-RvE1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of Lipoxins (LX) (Bos taurus)
5S-HpETE is dehydrated to LTA4 by ALOX5 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Fatty acid metabolism (Bos taurus)
Arachidonic acid metabolism (Bos taurus)
FAAH hydrolyses AEA to AA and ETA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of 12-eicosatetraenoic acid derivatives (Bos taurus)
12R-HpETE is reduced to 12R-HETE by GPX1/2/4 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
12S-HpETE is reduced to 12S-HETE by GPX1/2/4 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of 15-eicosatetraenoic acid derivatives (Bos taurus)
Arachidonic acid is oxidised to 15R-HETE by Acetyl-PTGS2 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of Leukotrienes (LT) and Eoxins (EX) (Bos taurus)
5S-HpETE is dehydrated to LTA4 by ALOX5 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
LTA4 is hydolysed to LTB4 by LTA4H (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of epoxy (EET) and dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHET) (Bos taurus)
Arachidonic acid is epoxidated to 5,6-EET by CYP(4) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Arachidonic acid is epoxidated to 8,9/11,12/14,15-EET by CYP(5) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
EET(1) is hydrolysed to DHET(1) by EPHX2 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Fatty acyl-CoA biosynthesis (Bos taurus)
SCD desaturates ST-CoA to OLE-CoA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
SCD5 desaturates ST-CoA to OLE-CoA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of very long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs (Bos taurus)
ACSL1,3,5,6 ligate CoA to PALM to form PALM-CoA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ACSL3,4 ligate CoA to AA to form AA-CoA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PTPLs dehydrate VLC3HA-CoA to VLCTDA-CoA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
acetyl-CoA + 7 malonyl-CoA + 14 NADHP + 14 H+ => palmitate + 7 CO2 + 14 NADP+ + 8 CoASH + 6 H2O (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Beta-Oxidation (Bos taurus)
Cytosolic ACOTs hydrolyse MCFA-CoA, LCFA-CoA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of steroids (Bos taurus)
Bile acid and bile salt metabolism (Bos taurus)
Recycling of bile acids and salts (Bos taurus)
ABCB11 transports bile salts from cytosol to extracellular region (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Cytosolic cholate and chenodeoxycholate are conjugated with Coenzyme A (SLC27A5 BACS) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts (Bos taurus)
CYP7B1 7-hydroxylates 25OH-CHOL (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 24-hydroxycholesterol (Bos taurus)
3,7,24THCA is conjugated with Coenzyme A (SLC27A2 VLCS) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
3,7,24THCA is conjugated with Coenzyme A (SLC27A5 BACS) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP39A1 7-hydroxylates 24OH-CHOL (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP46A1 24-hydroxylates CHOL (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
TetraHCA is conjugated with Coenzyme A (SLC27A2 VLCS) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
TetraHCA is conjugated with Coenzyme A (SLC27A5 BACS) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 27-hydroxycholesterol (Bos taurus)
27-hydroxycholesterol is 7alpha-hydroxylated (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 7alpha-hydroxycholesterol (Bos taurus)
ABCB11 transports bile salts from cytosol to extracellular region (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP7A1 7-hydroxylates CHOL (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Cholesterol biosynthesis (Bos taurus)
4,4-dimethylcholesta-8(9),24-dien-3beta-ol is oxidized to 4-methyl,4-carboxycholesta-8(9),24-dien-3beta-ol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
4-methylcholesta-8(9),24-dien-3beta-ol is oxidized to 4-carboxycholesta-8(9),24-dien-3beta-ol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ACAT2 condenses 2 Ac-CoA to form ACA-CoA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP51A1 demethylates LNSOL (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Cholesterol biosynthesis via desmosterol (Bos taurus)
Cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol is desaturated to form cholesta-5,7,24-trien-3beta-ol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Cholesterol biosynthesis via lathosterol (Bos taurus)
SC5D desaturates LTHSOL to 7-dehydroCHOL (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
HMGCS1 condenses Ac-CoA and ACA-CoA to form bHMG-CoA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Phospholipid phosphatase 6 hydrolyses Presqualene diphosphate to presqualene monophosphate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Squalene is oxidized to its epoxide (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of steroid hormones (Bos taurus)
Androgen biosynthesis (Bos taurus)
CYP17A1 17-hydroxylates P4 to 17aHPROG (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP17A1 17-hydroxylates PREG (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP17A1 cleaves 17aHPREG to DHA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP17A1 cleaves 17aHPROG to ANDST (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Estrogen biosynthesis (Bos taurus)
CYP19A1 hydroxylates ANDST to E1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP19A1 hydroxylates TEST to EST17b (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Glucocorticoid biosynthesis (Bos taurus)
CYP17A1 17-hydroxylates PREG (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP21A2 oxidises 17HPROG (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Mineralocorticoid biosynthesis (Bos taurus)
CYP21A2 21-hydroxylates PROG (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Vitamin D (calciferol) metabolism (Bos taurus)
CYP24A1 hydroxylates 1,25(OH)2D, inactivating it (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP27B1 hydroxylates 25(OH)D to 1,25(OH)2D (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP2R1 25-hydroxylates VD3 to 25(OH)D (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Phospholipid metabolism (Bos taurus)
Glycerophospholipid biosynthesis (Bos taurus)
Acyl chain remodeling of DAG and TAG (Bos taurus)
2-MAG is hydrolyzed to fatty acid and glycerol by MGLL (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
DAG is hydrolyzed to 2-MAG by PNPLA2/3 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
TAG is hydrolyzed to DAG by PNPLA2/3 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Acyl chain remodelling of PC (Bos taurus)
PC is hydrolysed to 2-acyl LPC by PLA2[7] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PC is hydrolyzed to 1-acyl LPC by PLA2[5] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PC is hydrolyzed to 1-acyl LPC by PLA2[6] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
THEM86B hydrolyses PMCHO, PMETAM (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Acyl chain remodelling of PE (Bos taurus)
ABHD4 hydrolyses NAPE (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PE is hydrolyzed to 1-acyl LPE by PLA2[2] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PE is hydrolyzed to 1-acyl LPE by PLA2[3] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PE is hydrolyzed to 2-acyl LPE by PLA2[4] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Acyl chain remodelling of PG (Bos taurus)
PG is hydrolyzed to 1-acyl LPG by PLA2G2A (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PG is hydrolyzed to 1-acyl LPG by PLA2[1] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PG is hydrolyzed to 2-acyl LPG by PLA2[14] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Acyl chain remodelling of PI (Bos taurus)
PI is hydrolyzed to 1-acyl LPI by PLA2[11] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI is hydrolyzed to 1-acyl LPI by PLA2[12] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI is hydrolyzed to 2-acyl LPI by PLA2[13] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Acyl chain remodelling of PS (Bos taurus)
PS is hydrolyzed to 1-acyl LPS by PLA2G2A (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PS is hydrolyzed to 1-acyl LPS by PLA2[9] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PS is hydrolyzed to 2-acyl LPS by PLA2[10] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Hydrolysis of LPC (Bos taurus)
1-acyl LPC is hydrolyzed to GPCho by PLA2[8] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
2-acyl LPC is hydrolyzed to GPCho by PLA2[8] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of PA (Bos taurus)
DDHD1,2 hydrolyse PA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PA is hydrolysed to 1-acyl LPA by PLA2G2A (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PA is hydrolysed to 1-acyl LPA by PLA2[1] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PA is hydrolyzed to 1-acyl LPA by PLA2[1] (OM) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PC is hydrolyzed to PA and choline by PLD1/2 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of PC (Bos taurus)
ABHD3 hydrolyses LPC(14:0) to 1AGPC (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PA is dephosphorylated to DAG by LPIN (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PCho is dephosphorylated to Cho by PHOSPHO1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of PE (Bos taurus)
PA is dephosphorylated to DAG by LPIN (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PETA is dephosphorylated to ETA by PHOSPHO1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI Metabolism (Bos taurus)
Glycerophospholipid catabolism (Bos taurus)
GDE1 hydrolyzes GroPIns (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PNPLA6 hydrolyzes LysoPtdCho (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of PIPs at the ER membrane (Bos taurus)
PI(3,5)P2 is dephosphorylated to PI5P by MTMR2:SBF1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI3P is dephosphorylated to PI by MTMR2:SBF1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI4P is dephosphorylated to PI by SACM1L at the ER membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of PIPs at the Golgi membrane (Bos taurus)
PI(3,4)P2 is dephosphorylated to PI4P by TPTE2 at the Golgi membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI(3,5)P2 is dephosphorylated to PI3P by FIG4 at the Golgi membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI(4,5)P2 is dephosphorylated to PI4P by OCRL/INPP5E at the Golgi membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI3P is dephosphorylated to PI by SACM1L at the Golgi membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of PIPs at the early endosome membrane (Bos taurus)
PI(3,4)P2 is dephosphorylated to PI3P by INPP4A/B at the early endosome membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI(3,5)P2 is dephosphorylated to PI3P by FIG4 at the early endosome membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI(3,5)P2 is dephosphorylated to PI5P by MTM proteins at the early endosome membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI(4,5)P2, PI(3,4)P2 and PI(3,4,5)P3 are dephosphorylated to PI5P, PI3P and PI(3,4)P by INPP5F at the endosome membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI3P is dephosphorylated to PI by MTM proteins at the early endosome membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI3P is dephosphorylated to PI by MTM1:MTMR12 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of PIPs at the late endosome membrane (Bos taurus)
PI(3,5)P2 is dephosphorylated to PI3P by FIG4 at the late endosome membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI(3,5)P2 is dephosphorylated to PI5P by MTM proteins at the late endosome membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI3P is dephosphorylated to PI by MTM proteins at the late endosome membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of PIPs at the plasma membrane (Bos taurus)
PI(3,4)P2 is dephosphorylated to PI3P by INPP4A/B at the plasma membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI(3,4)P2 is dephosphorylated to PI4P by PTEN at the plasma membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI(3,4,5)P3 is dephosphorylated to PI(3,4)P2 by INPP5[2] at the plasma membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI(3,5)P2 is dephosphorylated to PI3P by SYNJ at the plasma membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI(3,5)P2 is dephosphorylated to PI5P by MTMR9-bound MTMR6 or MTMR8 at the plasma membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI(3,5)P2 is dephosphorylated to PI5P by SYNJ/MTMs at the plasma membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI(4,5)P2 is dephosphorylated to PI4P by SYNJ/INPP5[1] at the plasma membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI3P is dephosphorylated to PI by MTMR9-bound MTMR8 or MTMR6 at the plasma membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI3P is dephosphorylated to PI by SYNJ/MTMs at the plasma membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PI4P is dephosphorylated to PI by SYNJ at the plasma membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PTEN dephosphorylates PIP3 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Sphingolipid metabolism (Bos taurus)
ALDH3A2-1 oxidises HD2NAL to PALM (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ALDH3B1 oxidises HXAL to PALM (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ALDH3B2 oxidises HXAL to PALM (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Glycosphingolipid metabolism (Bos taurus)
Glycosphingolipid catabolism (Bos taurus)
ASAH2 hydrolyzes ceramide (plasma membrane) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ENPP7 hydrolyzes sphingomyelin (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
GBA2 hydrolyzes GlcCer (plasma membrane) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
GBA3 hydrolyzes GlcCer (cytosol) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
NEU2 cleaves GM3 to form LacCer (cytosol) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
NEU3 cleaves GM3 to form LacCer (plasma membrane) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
SMPD2 and 3 hydrolyze sphingomyelin (plasma membrane) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Sphingolipid de novo biosynthesis (Bos taurus)
FA2H hydroxylates CERA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
dihydroceramide + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 => ceramide + NAD(P)+ + H2O (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
dihydroceramide + NADPH + H+ + O2 => phytoceramide + NADP+ + H2O (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
multiphospho-CERT:PPM1L:VAPA/B + 3 H2O => CERT:PPM1L:VAPA/B + 3 orthophosphate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ceramide + H2O <=> stearate + sphingosine [endoplasmic reticulum] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ceramide + H2O => stearate + sphingosine [Golgi] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
phytoceramide + H2O => stearate + phytosphingosine (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
sphinganine 1-phosphate + H2O => sphinganine + orthophosphate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
sphingosine 1-phosphate + H2O => sphingosine + orthophosphate [cytosolic - PPAP] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
sphingosine 1-phosphate + H2O => sphingosine + orthophosphate [cytosolic - SGPP] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Triglyceride metabolism (Bos taurus)
Triglyceride biosynthesis (Bos taurus)
1,2-diacyl-glycerol 3-phosphate + H2O => 1,2-diacyl-glycerol + orthophosphate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
AGMO cleaves alkylglycerol into fatty aldehyde and glycerol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Triglyceride catabolism (Bos taurus)
PNPLA4 hydrolyzes TAG (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PNPLA4 hydrolyzes retinyl palmitate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of nitric oxide: NOS3 activation and regulation (Bos taurus)
eNOS activation (Bos taurus)
DDAH1,2 hydrolyses ADMA to DMA and L-Cit (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of nucleotides (Bos taurus)
Interconversion of nucleotide di- and triphosphates (Bos taurus)
RNR (M1M2) reduces nucleotide diphosphates to deoxynucleotide diphosphates (glutaredoxin) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
RNR (M1M2) reduces nucleotide diphosphates to deoxynucleotide diphosphates (thioredoxin) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
RNR (M1M2B) reduces nucleotide diphosphates to deoxynucleotide diphosphates (glutaredoxin) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
RNR (M1M2B) reduces nucleotide diphosphates to deoxynucleotide diphosphates (thioredoxin) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
UTP + glutamine + ATP + H2O => CTP + glutamate + ADP + orthophosphate [CTPS2] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
UTP + glutamine + ATP + H2O => CTP + glutamate + ADP + orthophosphate [CTPS] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
dCMP + H2O => dUMP + NH4+ (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Nucleotide biosynthesis (Bos taurus)
Purine ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthesis (Bos taurus)
5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate (PRPP) + H2O + L-glutamine <=> 5-phosphoribosylamine + L-glutamate +pyrophosphate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
FAICAR => IMP + H2O (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
FGAR + L-Glutamine + ATP + H2O => FGAM + L-Glutamate + ADP + Pi (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
IMP + H2O + NAD+ => XMP + NADH + H+ [IMPDH1,2] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
XMP + L-Glutamine + ATP + H2O => GMP + L-Glutamate + AMP + pyrophosphate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Pyrimidine biosynthesis (Bos taurus)
CAD hexamer dehydrates N-carb-L-Asp to (S)-DHO (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CAD hexamer transforms L-Gln to CAP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Nucleotide catabolism (Bos taurus)
Purine catabolism (Bos taurus)
(d)AMP, (d)GMP, or (d)IMP + H2O => (deoxy)adenosine, (deoxy)guanosine, or (deoxy)inosine + orthophosphate (NT5C1A) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
(d)GMP or (d)IMP + H2O => (2'-deoxy)guanosine or (2'-deoxy)inosine + orthophosphate (NT5C2) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
(d)GMP or (d)IMP + H2O => (d)G or (d)I + orthophosphate (NT5C) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
AMP + H2O => adenosine + orthophosphate [NT5C1B] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
DNPH1 hydrolyses dGMP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Guanine + H2O => Xanthine + NH4+ (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ITPA hydrolyses ITP to IMP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ITPA hydrolyses XTP to XMP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ITPA hydrolyses dITP to dIMP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Phosphate bond hydrolysis by NUDT proteins (Bos taurus)
ADPRM hydrolyses ADP-ribose to R5P and AMP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Cytosolic NUDT5 hydrolyses ADP-ribose to R5P and AMP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
NUDT1 hydrolyses 2-oxo-ATP to 2-oxo-AMP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
NUDT1 hydrolyses 2-oxo-dATP to 2-oxo-dAMP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
NUDT1 hydrolyses 8-oxo-dATP to 8-oxo-dAMP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
NUDT1 hydrolyses 8-oxo-dGTP to 8-oxo-dGMP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
NUDT1 hydrolyzes N6-methyl-ATP to N6-methyl-AMP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
NUDT1 hydrolyzes N6-methyl-dATP to N6-methyl-dAMP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
NUDT1 hydrolyzes O6-methyl-dGTP to O6-methyl-dGMP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
NUDT15 hydrolyses 8-oxo-dGDP to 8-oxo-dGMP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
NUDT15 hydrolyses 8-oxo-dGTP to 8-oxo-dGMP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
NUDT18 hydrolyses 8-oxo-GDP to 8-oxo-GMP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
NUDT18 hydrolyses 8-oxo-dADP to 8-oxo-dAMP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
NUDT18 hydrolyses 8-oxo-dGDP to 8-oxo-dGMP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
XDH dehydrogenates hypoxanthine to form xanthine (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
XDH dehydrogenates xanthine to form urate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
XDH oxidizes hypoxanthine to form xanthine (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
XDH oxidizes xanthine to form urate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Pyrimidine catabolism (Bos taurus)
(d)CMP, TMP, or (d)UMP + H2O => (deoxy)cytidine, thymidine, or (deoxy)uridine + orthophosphate (NT5C1A) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
(d)CMP, TMP, or (d)UMP + H2O => (deoxy)cytidine, thymidine, or (deoxy)uridine + orthophosphate (NT5C3) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
5,6-dihydrothymine + H2O => beta-ureidoisobutyrate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
5,6-dihydrouracil + H2O => beta-ureidopropionate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
TMP, uridine 2', 3', or 5' monophosphates, or deoxyuridine 3' or 5' monophosphates + H2O => thymidine or (deoxy)uridine + orthophosphate [NT5C] (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
beta-ureidoisobutyrate + H2O => 3-aminoisobutyrate + NH4+ + CO2 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
beta-ureidopropionate + H2O => beta-alanine + NH4+ + CO2 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Nucleotide salvage (Bos taurus)
Purine salvage (Bos taurus)
ADA catalyzes the deamination of (deoxy)adenosine (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ADAL1 hydrolyzes N6-methyl-AMP to IMP and methylamine (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ADAL1 hydrolyzes N6-methyl-dAMP to dIMP and methylamine (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
AMP + H2O => IMP + NH4+ (AMPD) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Pyrimidine salvage (Bos taurus)
(deoxy)cytidine + H2O => (deoxy)uridine + NH4+ (CDA) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
HDHD1:Mg2+ dephosphorylates PURIDP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of porphyrins (Bos taurus)
Heme biosynthesis (Bos taurus)
4 PBGs bind to form HMB (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ABCG2 tetramer transports heme from cytosol to extracellular region (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ALAD condenses 2 dALAs to form PBG (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
UROS transforms HMB to URO3 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Heme degradation (Bos taurus)
ABCC2 transports BMG,BDG from cytosol to extracellular region (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ABCG2 tetramer transports BMG,BDG from cytosol to extracellular region (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
HMOX1 dimer, HMOX2 cleave heme (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of vitamins and cofactors (Bos taurus)
Metabolism of cofactors (Bos taurus)
Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) synthesis, recycling, salvage and regulation (Bos taurus)
GCH1 reduces GTP to dihydroneopterin triphosphate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of water-soluble vitamins and cofactors (Bos taurus)
Cobalamin (Cbl, vitamin B12) transport and metabolism (Bos taurus)
Transport of RCbl within the body (Bos taurus)
ABCC1 transports cytosolic RCbl to extracellular region (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ABCD4:LMBRD1 transports RCbl from lysosomal lumen to cytosol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Uptake of dietary cobalamins into enterocytes (Bos taurus)
ABCD4:LMBRD1 transports RCbl from lysosomal lumen to cytosol (gut mucosal cells) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of folate and pterines (Bos taurus)
5,10-methenylTHF polyglutamate + H2O <=> 10-formylTHF polyglutamate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ALDH1L1 dehydrogenates 10-formyl-THFPG to THFPG (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
MTHFD1 dimer transforms 10-formyl-THFPG to 5,10-methenyl-THFPG (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis (Bos taurus)
Cyclisation of GTP to precursor Z (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Molybdenum ion transfer onto molybdopterin (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Nicotinate metabolism (Bos taurus)
NADSYN1 hexamer amidates NAAD to NAD+ (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Vitamin B1 (thiamin) metabolism (Bos taurus)
THTPA:Mg2+ hydrolyzes ThTP to TDP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) metabolism (Bos taurus)
2xENPP1 hydrolyzes FAD to FMN (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
2xTRAP hydrolyzes FMN to RIB (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Vitamin B5 (pantothenate) metabolism (Bos taurus)
PANK4 hydrolyzes PPANT to pantetheine (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Vitamin B6 activation to pyridoxal phosphate (Bos taurus)
2xPNPO:2xFMN oxidizes PXAP to PXLP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
AOX1 oxidises PXL to PDXate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Pyrophosphate hydrolysis (Bos taurus)
LHPP:Mg2+ dimer hydrolyses PPi (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PPA1 hydrolyzes pyrophosphate to orthophosphate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide (Bos taurus)
Carbonic anhydrase dehydrates bicarbonate (cytosol) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Carbonic anhydrase hydrates carbon dioxide (cytosol) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of RNA (Bos taurus)
Deadenylation-dependent mRNA decay (Bos taurus)
Deadenylation of mRNA (Bos taurus)
CCR4-NOT complex deadenylates mRNA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PAN2-PAN3 complex partially deadenylates mRNA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PARN deadenylates mRNA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
mRNA decay by 3' to 5' exoribonuclease (Bos taurus)
DCPS scavenges the 7-methylguanosine cap of mRNA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Exosome Complex hydrolyzes mRNA by 3' to 5' exoribonuclease digestion (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
NT5C3B hydrolyses 7MGP to 7MG (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
mRNA decay by 5' to 3' exoribonuclease (Bos taurus)
DCP1-DCP2 complex decaps mRNA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Metabolism of proteins (Bos taurus)
Peptide hormone metabolism (Bos taurus)
Metabolism of Angiotensinogen to Angiotensins (Bos taurus)
AOPEP:Zn2+ hydrolyses AGT(35-41) to AGT(36-41) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Post-translational protein modification (Bos taurus)
Asparagine N-linked glycosylation (Bos taurus)
Biosynthesis of the N-glycan precursor (dolichol lipid-linked oligosaccharide, LLO) and transfer to a nascent protein (Bos taurus)
Synthesis of substrates in N-glycan biosythesis (Bos taurus)
GDP-fucose biosynthesis (Bos taurus)
GMDS dehydrates GDP-Man to GDP-DHDMan (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Sialic acid metabolism (Bos taurus)
GNE hydrolyzes/epimerises UDP-GlcNAc to ManNAc and UDP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
NANP dephosphorylates Neu5Ac-9-P to Neu5Ac (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
NANS converts ManNAc-6-P to Neu5Ac-9-P (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
NEU2 hydrolyzes Neu5Ac from glycoconjugates (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
NEU3 hydrolyzes Neu5Ac from glycoconjugates (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of Dolichyl-phosphate (Bos taurus)
DOLPP1 dephosphorylates DOLDP to DOLP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of UDP-N-acetyl-glucosamine (Bos taurus)
AMDHD2 hydrolyses GlcNGc-6-P to GlcN6P and CCA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Synthesis of dolichyl-phosphate-glucose (Bos taurus)
NUDT14 hydrolyses UDP-Glc to G1P and UMP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
N-glycan trimming in the ER and Calnexin/Calreticulin cycle (Bos taurus)
Deglycosylation complex hydrolyses N-glycans from unfolded glycoproteins (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ENGASE hydrolyses unfolded protein:(GlcNAc)2 (Man(9-5) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Transport to the Golgi and subsequent modification (Bos taurus)
ER to Golgi Anterograde Transport (Bos taurus)
COPII-mediated vesicle transport (Bos taurus)
PP6 dephosphorylates SEC24 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Deubiquitination (Bos taurus)
Josephin domain DUBs (Bos taurus)
ATXN3 deubiquitinates polyUb-PARK2 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ATXN3 family cleave Ub chains (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Metalloprotease DUBs (Bos taurus)
BRISC complex deubiquitinates NLRP3 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Ovarian tumor domain proteases (Bos taurus)
OTUD7B,TNFAIP3 deubiquitinate TRAF6 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
TNFAIP3 (A20) deubiquitinates K63polyUb-RIPK1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
TNFAIP3 in OTUD7B:TNFAIP3:ZRANB1 deubiquitinates K63polyUb-TRAF6 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
UCH proteinases (Bos taurus)
UCHL1, UCHL3 cleave ubiquitin adducts (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
UCHL3, SENP8 cleave NEDD8 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Ub-specific processing proteases (Bos taurus)
CYLD deubiquitinates K63polyUb-TRAF2,K63polyUb-TRAF6,K63polyUb-RIPK1,K63polyUb-IKBKG (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
USP11 deubiquitinates NFKBIA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
USP13 deubiquitinates BECN1,USP10 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
USP15 deubiquitinates SMAD1,SMAD2,SMAD3, SMAD7:SMURF,KEAP1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
USP17 deubiquitinates RCE1, CDC25A, DDX58, IFIH1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
USP18 deubiquitinates TAK1:TAB1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
USP19 deubiquitinates RNF123 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
USP20, USP33 deubiquitinate ADRB2 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
USP21 deubiquitinates RIPK1,DDX58 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
USP25 deubiquitinates DDX58 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
USP30 deubiquitinates Ub-MOM proteins (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
USP33 deubiquitinates CCP110,ARRB (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
USP34 deubiquitinates AXIN1,AXIN2 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
USP4 deubiquitinate TRAF2,TRAF6 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
USP5 cleaves polyubiquitin (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
USP8 deubiquitinates RNF128 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
USP8 deubiquitinates STAM2:HGS (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
USP9X (FAM) deubiquitinates SMAD4 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Gamma carboxylation, hypusinylation, hydroxylation, and arylsulfatase activation (Bos taurus)
Hypusine synthesis from eIF5A-lysine (Bos taurus)
DOHH:Fe2+ hydroxylates Dhp-K50-EIF5A to form Hyp-K50-EIF5A (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Neddylation (Bos taurus)
UCHL3, SENP8 cleave NEDD8 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Post-translational modification: synthesis of GPI-anchored proteins (Bos taurus)
Synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) (Bos taurus)
N-acetylglucosaminyl-PI + H2O -> glucosaminyl-PI + acetate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Surfactant metabolism (Bos taurus)
ABCA3 transports PC, PG from ER membrane to lamellar body (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Translation (Bos taurus)
Eukaryotic Translation Termination (Bos taurus)
APEH hydrolyses NAc-Ser-protein (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
tRNA Aminoacylation (Bos taurus)
Cytosolic tRNA aminoacylation (Bos taurus)
PPA1 hydrolyzes pyrophosphate to orthophosphate (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Muscle contraction (Bos taurus)
Cardiac conduction (Bos taurus)
Ion homeostasis (Bos taurus)
ATP1A:ATP1B:FXYD exchanges 3Na+ for 2K+ (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Physiological factors (Bos taurus)
CES1 hydrolyses sacubitril to sacubitrilat (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Neuronal System (Bos taurus)
Transmission across Chemical Synapses (Bos taurus)
Neurotransmitter clearance (Bos taurus)
Dopamine clearance from the synaptic cleft (Bos taurus)
Enzymatic degradation of Dopamine by monoamine oxidase (Bos taurus)
MAOA:FAD deaminates DA to DOPAC (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Enzymatic degradation of dopamine by COMT (Bos taurus)
MAOA:FAD deaminates 3MT to HVA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Serotonin clearance from the synaptic cleft (Bos taurus)
Metabolism of serotonin (Bos taurus)
MAOA:FAD oxidatively deaminates of 5HT (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Neurotransmitter release cycle (Bos taurus)
Norepinephrine Neurotransmitter Release Cycle (Bos taurus)
Catabolism of Noradrenaline (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Organelle biogenesis and maintenance (Bos taurus)
Cilium Assembly (Bos taurus)
Cargo trafficking to the periciliary membrane (Bos taurus)
VxPx cargo-targeting to cilium (Bos taurus)
ASAP1 stimulates GTPase activity of ARF4 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Programmed Cell Death (Bos taurus)
Apoptosis (Bos taurus)
Intrinsic Pathway for Apoptosis (Bos taurus)
Activation of BH3-only proteins (Bos taurus)
Activation of BAD and translocation to mitochondria (Bos taurus)
Activation of BAD by calcineurin (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Protein localization (Bos taurus)
Peroxisomal protein import (Bos taurus)
USP9X hydrolyzes Ub:PEX5L yielding PEX5L and Ubiquitin (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Sensory Perception (Bos taurus)
Visual phototransduction (Bos taurus)
The canonical retinoid cycle in rods (twilight vision) (Bos taurus)
11cRAL binds to opsin to form 11c-retinyl:RHO (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ABCA4 mediates atRAL transport (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP4V2 omega-hydroxylates DHA to HDoHE (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
RPE65 isomero-hydrolyses atREs to 11cROL (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
The phototransduction cascade (Bos taurus)
Activation of the phototransduction cascade (Bos taurus)
PDE6 hydrolyses cGMP to GMP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Inactivation, recovery and regulation of the phototransduction cascade (Bos taurus)
GNAT1-GTP hydrolyses its bound GTP to GDP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PP2A dephosphorylates p-RHO to RHO (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
at-retinyl is hydrolysed from p-MII:SAG to release atRAL (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
The retinoid cycle in cones (daylight vision) (Bos taurus)
OPN1LW binds 11cRAL (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
OPN1MW binds 11cRAL (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
OPN1SW binds 11cRAL (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
at-retinyl is hydrolysed from R* to release atRAL (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Signal Transduction (Bos taurus)
Integrin signaling (Bos taurus)
Dephosphorylation of inactive SRC by PTPB1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Intracellular signaling by second messengers (Bos taurus)
DAG and IP3 signaling (Bos taurus)
CaM pathway (Bos taurus)
Calmodulin induced events (Bos taurus)
Cam-PDE 1 activation (Bos taurus)
cAMP hydrolysis by Cam-PDE 1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PIP3 activates AKT signaling (Bos taurus)
Negative regulation of the PI3K/AKT network (Bos taurus)
PTEN dephosphorylates PIP3 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PTEN Regulation (Bos taurus)
Regulation of PTEN stability and activity (Bos taurus)
USP13 and OTUD3 deubiquitinate PTEN (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
MAPK family signaling cascades (Bos taurus)
MAPK1/MAPK3 signaling (Bos taurus)
RAF-independent MAPK1/3 activation (Bos taurus)
Cytosolic DUSPs dephosphorylate MAPKs (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Nuclear DUSPs dephosphorylate MAPKs (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
RAF/MAP kinase cascade (Bos taurus)
Negative regulation of MAPK pathway (Bos taurus)
Cytosolic DUSPs dephosphorylate MAPKs (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Nuclear DUSPs dephosphorylate MAPKs (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PP2A dephosphorylates RAF1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PP5 dephosphorylates RAF1 S338 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PTPN3 dephosphorylates MAPK12 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PTPN7 dephosphorylates p-T,Y-MAPKs (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
RAF activation (Bos taurus)
MRAS:SHOC2:PPP1CC dephosphorylates inactive RAFs (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PP2A dephosphorylates KSR1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PP2A dephosphorylates inactive RAFs (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
RAS processing (Bos taurus)
RAS proteins are depalmitoylated (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
USP17L2 deubiquitinates RCE1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
MTOR signalling (Bos taurus)
Energy dependent regulation of mTOR by LKB1-AMPK (Bos taurus)
AMPK is dephosphorylated (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Signaling by GPCR (Bos taurus)
GPCR downstream signalling (Bos taurus)
G alpha (i) signalling events (Bos taurus)
Opioid Signalling (Bos taurus)
DARPP-32 events (Bos taurus)
DARPP-32 is dephosphorylated on Thr75 by PP2A (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PDE4A,C,D hydrolyse cAMP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
p-S54-PDE4B hydrolyses cAMP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
G-protein mediated events (Bos taurus)
PLC beta mediated events (Bos taurus)
Ca-dependent events (Bos taurus)
CaM pathway (Bos taurus)
Calmodulin induced events (Bos taurus)
Cam-PDE 1 activation (Bos taurus)
cAMP hydrolysis by Cam-PDE 1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
phospho-PLA2 pathway (Bos taurus)
Hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Inactivation of PLC beta (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PIP2 hydrolysis (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
G alpha (q) signalling events (Bos taurus)
Effects of PIP2 hydrolysis (Bos taurus)
Arachidonate production from DAG (Bos taurus)
2-AG hydrolysis to arachidonate by MAGL (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ABHD6,12 hydrolyse 3AG (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
G alpha (s) signalling events (Bos taurus)
PDE3A hydrolyses cAMP to AMP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PDE3B hydrolyses cAMP to AMP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PDE4A hydrolyses cAMP to AMP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
cAMP degradation by Phosphodiesterases (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Signaling by Hedgehog (Bos taurus)
Hedgehog ligand biogenesis (Bos taurus)
VCP-catalyzed ATP hydrolysis promotes the translocation of Hh-C into the cytosol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Signaling by Non-Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (Bos taurus)
Signaling by PTK6 (Bos taurus)
PTK6 Down-Regulation (Bos taurus)
PTPN1 dephosphorylates PTK6 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Signaling by Nuclear Receptors (Bos taurus)
Signaling by Retinoic Acid (Bos taurus)
RA biosynthesis pathway (Bos taurus)
ALDH8A1 oxidises 9cRAL to 9cRA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ALDHs oxidise atRAL to atRA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP26A1,B1,C1 4-hydroxylate atRA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CYP26C1 4-hydroxylates 9cRA (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Signaling by Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (Bos taurus)
Signaling by ALK (Bos taurus)
PTPN6 dephosphorylates JAK3 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PTPRZ dephosphorylates ligand-bound ALK dimers (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Signaling by EGFR (Bos taurus)
EGFR downregulation (Bos taurus)
PTPN3 dephosphorylates EPS15 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
GAB1 signalosome (Bos taurus)
Dephosphorylation of Gab1 by SHP2 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Dephosphorylation of PAG by SHP2 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
SHP2 dephosphorylates Tyr 992 on EGFR (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Sustained activation of SRC kinase by SHP2 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Signaling by ERBB2 (Bos taurus)
Downregulation of ERBB2 signaling (Bos taurus)
PTPN12 dephosphorylates ERBB2 on tyrosine Y1248 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PTPN18 dephosphorylates ERBB2 at Y1196, Y1112 and Y1248 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Signaling by Insulin receptor (Bos taurus)
Insulin receptor recycling (Bos taurus)
Insulin receptor de-phosphorylation (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Insulin receptor signalling cascade (Bos taurus)
IRS-mediated signalling (Bos taurus)
PI3K Cascade (Bos taurus)
PKB-mediated events (Bos taurus)
PDE3B signalling (Bos taurus)
p-S295-PDE3B hydrolyses cAMP to AMP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Signaling by MET (Bos taurus)
Negative regulation of MET activity (Bos taurus)
PTPN1 and PTPN2 dephosphorylate MET (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PTPRJ dephosphorylates MET (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
USP8 deubiquitinates LRIG1 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Signaling by PDGF (Bos taurus)
PTPN12 dephosphorylates PDGFRB at Y1021 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Signaling by Type 1 Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor (IGF1R) (Bos taurus)
IGF1R signaling cascade (Bos taurus)
IRS-related events triggered by IGF1R (Bos taurus)
IRS-mediated signalling (Bos taurus)
PI3K Cascade (Bos taurus)
PKB-mediated events (Bos taurus)
PDE3B signalling (Bos taurus)
p-S295-PDE3B hydrolyses cAMP to AMP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Signaling by Rho GTPases, Miro GTPases and RHOBTB3 (Bos taurus)
Miro GTPase Cycle (Bos taurus)
RHOT1 GTPase cycle (Bos taurus)
RHOT1 hydrolyzes GTP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
RHOT2 GTPase cycle (Bos taurus)
RHOT2 hydrolyzes GTP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
RHOBTB3 ATPase cycle (Bos taurus)
RHOBTB3 hydrolyzes ATP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Signaling by Rho GTPases (Bos taurus)
RHO GTPase Effectors (Bos taurus)
RHO GTPases Activate Formins (Bos taurus)
SRGAP2 stimulates RAC1 GTP-ase activity and ends FMNL1-mediated elongation of actin filaments (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
RHO GTPase cycle (Bos taurus)
CDC42 GTPase cycle (Bos taurus)
CDC42 GAPs stimulate CDC42 GTPase activity (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
RAC1 GTPase cycle (Bos taurus)
RAC1 GAPs stimulate RAC1 GTPase activity (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
RAC2 GTPase cycle (Bos taurus)
RAC2 GAPs stimulate RAC2 GTPase activity (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
RAC3 GTPase cycle (Bos taurus)
RAC3 GAPs stimulate RAC3 GTPase activity (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
RHOA GTPase cycle (Bos taurus)
RHOA GAPs stimulate RHOA GTPase activity (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
RHOC GTPase cycle (Bos taurus)
RHOC GAPs stimulate RHOC GTPase activity (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
RHOD GTPase cycle (Bos taurus)
RHOD GAPs stimulate RHOD GTPase activity (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
RHOF GTPase cycle (Bos taurus)
RHOF GAPs stimulate RHOF GTPase activity (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
RHOG GTPase cycle (Bos taurus)
RHOG GAPs stimulate RHOG GTPase activity (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
RHOJ GTPase cycle (Bos taurus)
RHOJ GAPs stimulate RHOJ GTPase activity (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
RHOQ GTPase cycle (Bos taurus)
RHOQ GAPs stimulate RHOQ GTPase activity (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Signaling by TGFB family members (Bos taurus)
Signaling by TGF-beta Receptor Complex (Bos taurus)
TGF-beta receptor signaling activates SMADs (Bos taurus)
Downregulation of TGF-beta receptor signaling (Bos taurus)
MTMR4 dephosphorylates SMAD2/3 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Transcriptional activity of SMAD2/SMAD3:SMAD4 heterotrimer (Bos taurus)
Downregulation of SMAD2/3:SMAD4 transcriptional activity (Bos taurus)
USP9X (FAM) deubiquitinates SMAD4 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Signaling by WNT (Bos taurus)
Beta-catenin independent WNT signaling (Bos taurus)
Ca2+ pathway (Bos taurus)
Calcineurin binds and dephosphorylates NFAT1 in response to WNT/Ca2+ signaling (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
PDE6 hydrolyses cGMP to GMP (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
TCF dependent signaling in response to WNT (Bos taurus)
Regulation of FZD by ubiquitination (Bos taurus)
USP8 deubiquitinates FZD to potentiate WNT signaling (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
USP34 deubiquitinates AXIN1,AXIN2 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Transport of small molecules (Bos taurus)
ABC-family proteins mediated transport (Bos taurus)
ABC transporters in lipid homeostasis (Bos taurus)
ABCA12 transports lipids from cytosol to extracellular region (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ABCA3 transports PC, PG from ER membrane to lamellar body (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ABCA5 transports CHOL from lysosomal lumen to cytosol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ABCD1-3 dimers transfer LCFAs from cytosol to peroxisomal matrix (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ABCG1-mediated transport of intracellular cholesterol to the cell surface (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ABCG4 may mediate cholesterol efflux (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ABCG5:ABCG8 transports sterols from cytosol to extracellular region (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ABCA4 mediates atRAL transport (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ABCA8,B1,B5 transport xenobiotics from cytosol to extracellular region (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ABCB4 transports PC from plasma membrane to extracellular region (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ABCB9 transports peptides from cytosol to lysosomal lumen (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
CFTR transports Cl- from cytosol to extracellular region (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
HCO3- transport through ion channel (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Mitochondrial ABC transporters (Bos taurus)
ABCB6 transports porphyrin from cytosol to mitchondrial matrix (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
The ABCC family mediates organic anion transport (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
VCP-catalyzed ATP hydrolysis promotes the translocation of misfolded CFTR into the cytosol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Aquaporin-mediated transport (Bos taurus)
Passive transport by Aquaporins (Bos taurus)
Aquaporins passively transport water into cells (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Aquaporins passively transport water out of cells (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Vasopressin regulates renal water homeostasis via Aquaporins (Bos taurus)
Aquaporin-1 passively transports water into cell (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Aquaporin-1 passively transports water out of cell (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Aquaporin-3 passively transports water out of cell (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Aquaporin-4 passively transports water out of cell (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
p-S256-Aquaporin-2 passively transports water into cell (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Ion channel transport (Bos taurus)
Ion transport by P-type ATPases (Bos taurus)
ATP12A:ATP4B exchanges K+ for H+ (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ATP13A1 transports Mn2+ from cytosol to ER lumen (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ATP13A2 transports cations from cytosol to lysosomal lumen (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ATP13A4,5 transport divalent ions from extracellular region to cytosol (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ATP1A:ATP1B:FXYD exchanges 3Na+ for 2K+ (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ATP2C1/2:Mg2+ transport cytosolic Ca2+ to Golgi lumen (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ATP4A:ATP4B exchanges K+ for H+ (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
P-type ATPases type IV transport external-facing APLs to internal side of the plasma membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
P-type ATPases type IV transport internal-facing APLs to external side of the plasma membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Iron uptake and transport (Bos taurus)
ABCG2 tetramer transports heme from cytosol to extracellular region (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
HMOX1 dimer, HMOX2 cleave heme (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Transferrin endocytosis and recycling (Bos taurus)
Acidification of Tf:TfR1 containing endosome (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
O2/CO2 exchange in erythrocytes (Bos taurus)
Erythrocytes take up carbon dioxide and release oxygen (Bos taurus)
CA1:Zn2+,CA2:Zn2+ hydrate CO2 to HCO3- (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Erythrocytes take up oxygen and release carbon dioxide (Bos taurus)
CA1:Zn2+,CA2:Zn2+ dehydrate HCO3- to CO2 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Plasma lipoprotein assembly, remodeling, and clearance (Bos taurus)
Plasma lipoprotein assembly (Bos taurus)
HDL assembly (Bos taurus)
4xPALM-C-p-2S-ABCA1 tetramer transports CHOL from transport vesicle membrane to plasma membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
4xPALM-C-p-2S-ABCA1 tetramer transports PL from transport vesicle membrane to plasma membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Plasma lipoprotein clearance (Bos taurus)
LDL clearance (Bos taurus)
CES3 hydrolyses CHEST to CHOL and LCFA(-) (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
NCEH1 hydrolyzes cholesterol esters (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Plasma lipoprotein remodeling (Bos taurus)
HDL remodeling (Bos taurus)
ABCG1-mediated transport of intracellular cholesterol to the cell surface (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Vesicle-mediated transport (Bos taurus)
Membrane Trafficking (Bos taurus)
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (Bos taurus)
Dynamin-mediated GTP hydrolysis promotes vesicle scission (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
HSPA8-mediated ATP hydrolysis promotes vesicle uncoating (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
SYNJ hydrolyze PI(4,5)P2 to PI(4)P (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
ER to Golgi Anterograde Transport (Bos taurus)
COPII-mediated vesicle transport (Bos taurus)
PP6 dephosphorylates SEC24 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Intra-Golgi and retrograde Golgi-to-ER traffic (Bos taurus)
Golgi-to-ER retrograde transport (Bos taurus)
COPI-independent Golgi-to-ER retrograde traffic (Bos taurus)
PLA2s hydrolyze phospholipids at the Golgi membrane (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Rab regulation of trafficking (Bos taurus)
TBC/RABGAPs (Bos taurus)
TBC RabGAPs accelerate GTP hydrolysis by RAB35 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
TBC1D15 accelerates GTP hydrolysis by RAB7 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
TBC1D16 accelerates GTP hydrolysis by RAB4A (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
TBC1D25 accelerates GTP hydrolysis by RAB33B (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
TBC1D2A accelerates GTP hydrolysis by RAB7 (Bos taurus)
H2O [cytosol]
Cell Cycle (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Cell Cycle, Mitotic (Caenorhabditis elegans)
M Phase (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Mitotic Metaphase and Anaphase (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Mitotic Anaphase (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Nuclear Envelope (NE) Reassembly (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Initiation of Nuclear Envelope (NE) Reformation (Caenorhabditis elegans)
PP2A dephosphorylates BANF1 (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Postmitotic nuclear pore complex (NPC) reformation (Caenorhabditis elegans)
RAN stimulates fusion of nuclear envelope (NE) membranes (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Mitotic G2-G2/M phases (Caenorhabditis elegans)
G2/M Transition (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Cyclin A/B1/B2 associated events during G2/M transition (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Dephosphorylation of cytoplasmic Cyclin B1/B2:phospho-Cdc2 (Thr 14, Tyr 15) complexes by CDC25B (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Cellular responses to stimuli (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Cellular responses to stress (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Cellular response to chemical stress (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Detoxification of Reactive Oxygen Species (Caenorhabditis elegans)
GPX1 catalyzes reaction of reduced glutathione and H2O2 to form oxidized glutathione and H2O (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
GPX2 catalyzes 2 glutathione, reduced + H2O2 => glutathione, oxidized + 2 H2O (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
PRDX6:GSTP1 catalyzes 2 glutathione, reduced + H2O2 => glutathione, oxidized + 2 H2O (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
KEAP1-NFE2L2 pathway (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Nuclear events mediated by NFE2L2 (Caenorhabditis elegans)
NFE2L2 regulating anti-oxidant/detoxification enzymes (Caenorhabditis elegans)
PRDX1 overoxidizes (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Cellular response to heat stress (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Regulation of HSF1-mediated heat shock response (Caenorhabditis elegans)
HSP40s activate intrinsic ATPase activity of HSP70s in the cytosol (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Developmental Biology (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Nervous system development (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Axon guidance (Caenorhabditis elegans)
EPH-Ephrin signaling (Caenorhabditis elegans)
EPHB-mediated forward signaling (Caenorhabditis elegans)
p120-RasGAP activates GTP hydrolysis on RAS, inactivating it (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
L1CAM interactions (Caenorhabditis elegans)
LYPLA2 hydrolyses PALM-C3,4-GAP43 (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Semaphorin interactions (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Sema4D in semaphorin signaling (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Sema4D mediated inhibition of cell attachment and migration (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Inactivation of Rho-GTP by p190RhoGAP (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Signaling by ROBO receptors (Caenorhabditis elegans)
SLIT2:ROBO1 increases RHOA activity (Caenorhabditis elegans)
MYO9B inactivates RHOA (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Drug ADME (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Abacavir ADME (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Abacavir metabolism (Caenorhabditis elegans)
abacavir monophosphate + H2O => carbovir monophosphate + cyclopropylamine (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Aspirin ADME (Caenorhabditis elegans)
ABCC2, ABCC3 transport salicylate metabolites from cytosol to extracellular region of hepatic cells (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Atorvastatin ADME (Caenorhabditis elegans)
PON1,3 hydrolyse ATVL to ATV (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Azathioprine ADME (Caenorhabditis elegans)
ABCC4 transports TPMP substrates from cytosol to extracellular region (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
ABCC5 transports TPMP substrates from cytosol to extracellular region (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
GMPS dimer transforms 6TXMP to 6TGMP (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
IMPDH tetramers dehydrogenate 6TIMP to 6TXMP (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
XDH oxidises 6MP to 6TU (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
Paracetamol ADME (Caenorhabditis elegans)
ABCC1,4,5 transport APAP-Cys,APAP-Mer from cytosol to extracellular region (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
ABCC2,ABCG2 transport APAP-GlcA, APAP-SO3 (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
ABCC3,ABCC4 transport APAP-GlcA, APAP-SO3 (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
ACY1:Zn2+ dimer deacetylates NAC to L-Cys (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
CNDP2:2Mn2+ dimer hydrolyses APAP-CysGly (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
GGT dimers hydrolyse APAP-SG (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H2O [cytosol]
![H2O [cytosol] icon](/icon/R-ICO-013527.svg){kind=icon}