Reactome | ADP [cytosol]

Cell Cycle (Arabidopsis thaliana)

- Cell Cycle, Mitotic (Arabidopsis thaliana)
  - M Phase (Arabidopsis thaliana)
    - Mitotic Prometaphase (Arabidopsis thaliana)
      - Condensation of Prometaphase Chromosomes (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        CK2 phosphorylates condensin I subunits (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]

Cellular responses to external stimuli (Arabidopsis thaliana)

- Cellular responses to stress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
  - Cellular Senescence (Arabidopsis thaliana)
    - Oxidative Stress Induced Senescence (Arabidopsis thaliana)
      - MAP3K5 phosphorylates MKK3 and MKK6 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
  - Cellular response to heat stress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
    - Regulation of HSF1-mediated heat shock response (Arabidopsis thaliana)
      - Constitutive phosphorylation by GSK3 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
      - HSP110s exchange ATP for ADP on HSP70s:ADP (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
        
        HSP70s:ADP [cytosol] (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        HSPA1A:ADP [cytosol] (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
        
        HSPA1L:ADP [cytosol] (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
        
        HSPA2:ADP [cytosol] (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
        
        HSPA4:ADP [cytosol] (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
        
        HSPA4L:ADP [cytosol] (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
        
        HSPA5:ADP [cytosol] (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
        
        HSPA6:ADP [cytosol] (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
        
        HSPA8:ADP [cytosol] (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
        
        HSPA9:ADP [cytosol] (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
      - HSP40s activate intrinsic ATPase activity of HSP70s in the cytosol (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        HSP70s:ADP [cytosol] (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        HSPA1A:ADP [cytosol] (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
        
        HSPA1L:ADP [cytosol] (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
        
        HSPA2:ADP [cytosol] (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
        
        HSPA4:ADP [cytosol] (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
        
        HSPA4L:ADP [cytosol] (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
        
        HSPA5:ADP [cytosol] (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
        
        HSPA6:ADP [cytosol] (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
        
        HSPA8:ADP [cytosol] (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
        
        HSPA9:ADP [cytosol] (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
  - HSP90 chaperone cycle for steroid hormone receptors (SHR) (Arabidopsis thaliana)
    - ATP binding to HSP90 triggers conformation change (Arabidopsis thaliana)
      - HSP90:ATP:STIP1:HSP70:nascent protein [cytosol] (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        HSP70:ADP [cytosol] (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
      - HSP90:STIP1:HSP70:nascent protein [cytosol] (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        HSP70:ADP:nascent protein [cytosol] (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        HSP70:ADP [cytosol] (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
    - ATP hydrolysis by HSP70 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
      - HSP40:HSP70:ADP:nascent protein [cytosol] (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
    - FKBP4 binds HSP90:ATP:STIP1:HSP70:nascent protein (Arabidopsis thaliana)
      - HSP90:ATP:FKBP4:STIP1:HSP70:nascent protein [cytosol] (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        HSP90:ATP:STIP1:HSP70:nascent protein [cytosol] (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        HSP70:ADP [cytosol] (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
      - HSP90:ATP:STIP1:HSP70:nascent protein [cytosol] (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        HSP70:ADP [cytosol] (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
    - FKBP5 binds HSP90:ATP:STIP1:HSP70:nascent protein (Arabidopsis thaliana)
      - HSP90:ATP:FKBP5:STIP1:HSP70:nascent protein [cytosol] (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        HSP90:ATP:STIP1:HSP70:nascent protein [cytosol] (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        HSP70:ADP [cytosol] (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
      - HSP90:ATP:STIP1:HSP70:nascent protein [cytosol] (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        HSP70:ADP [cytosol] (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
    - STIP1(HOP) binds HSP90 and HSP70:HSP40:nascent protein (Arabidopsis thaliana)
      - HSP40:HSP70:ADP:nascent protein [cytosol] (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
      - HSP90:STIP1:HSP70:nascent protein [cytosol] (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        HSP70:ADP:nascent protein [cytosol] (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        HSP70:ADP [cytosol] (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
- Macroautophagy (Arabidopsis thaliana)
  - Beclin-1 complex phosphorylates PtdIns (Arabidopsis thaliana)
    - ADP [cytosol]

Hemostasis (Arabidopsis thaliana)

- Factors involved in megakaryocyte development and platelet production (Arabidopsis thaliana)
- Platelet activation, signaling and aggregation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
  - Effects of PIP2 hydrolysis (Arabidopsis thaliana)
    - DAG kinase produces phosphatidic acid from DAG (Arabidopsis thaliana)
      - ADP [cytosol]

Immune System (Arabidopsis thaliana)

- Adaptive Immune System (Arabidopsis thaliana)
  - Class I MHC mediated antigen processing & presentation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
    - Antigen Presentation: Folding, assembly and peptide loading of class I MHC (Arabidopsis thaliana)
      - Transport of Antigen peptide in to ER (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
- Cytokine Signaling in Immune system (Arabidopsis thaliana)
  - Signaling by Interleukins (Arabidopsis thaliana)
    - Interleukin-17 signaling (Arabidopsis thaliana)
      - MAP kinase activation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        JNK (c-Jun kinases) phosphorylation and activation mediated by activated human TAK1 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        Activated TAK1 phosphorylates MKK4/MKK7 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
        
        activated TAK1 mediates p38 MAPK activation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        activated human TAK1 phosphorylates MKK3/MKK6 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
- Innate Immune System (Arabidopsis thaliana)
  - Fc epsilon receptor (FCERI) signaling (Arabidopsis thaliana)
    - FCERI mediated MAPK activation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
      - Phosphorylation of MEK4 by MEKK1 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
      - Phosphorylation of MEK7 by MEKK1 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
  - Fcgamma receptor (FCGR) dependent phagocytosis (Arabidopsis thaliana)
    - Regulation of actin dynamics for phagocytic cup formation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
      - Branching and elongation of mother and daughter filaments (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        Mother filament:ARP2/3:actin:ADP [cytosol] (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        Actin:ADP [cytosol] (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
  - Toll-Like Receptors Cascades (Arabidopsis thaliana)
    - Toll Like Receptor 10 (TLR10) Cascade (Arabidopsis thaliana)
      - MyD88 cascade initiated on plasma membrane (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        MAP kinase activation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        JNK (c-Jun kinases) phosphorylation and activation mediated by activated human TAK1 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        Activated TAK1 phosphorylates MKK4/MKK7 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
        
        activated TAK1 mediates p38 MAPK activation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        activated human TAK1 phosphorylates MKK3/MKK6 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
    - Toll Like Receptor 2 (TLR2) Cascade (Arabidopsis thaliana)
      - Toll Like Receptor TLR1:TLR2 Cascade (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        MyD88:Mal cascade initiated on plasma membrane (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        MAP kinase activation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        JNK (c-Jun kinases) phosphorylation and activation mediated by activated human TAK1 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        Activated TAK1 phosphorylates MKK4/MKK7 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
        
        activated TAK1 mediates p38 MAPK activation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        activated human TAK1 phosphorylates MKK3/MKK6 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
      - Toll Like Receptor TLR6:TLR2 Cascade (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        MyD88:Mal cascade initiated on plasma membrane (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        MAP kinase activation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        JNK (c-Jun kinases) phosphorylation and activation mediated by activated human TAK1 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        Activated TAK1 phosphorylates MKK4/MKK7 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
        
        activated TAK1 mediates p38 MAPK activation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        activated human TAK1 phosphorylates MKK3/MKK6 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
    - Toll Like Receptor 3 (TLR3) Cascade (Arabidopsis thaliana)
      - MAP kinase activation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        JNK (c-Jun kinases) phosphorylation and activation mediated by activated human TAK1 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        Activated TAK1 phosphorylates MKK4/MKK7 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
        
        activated TAK1 mediates p38 MAPK activation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        activated human TAK1 phosphorylates MKK3/MKK6 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
    - Toll Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Cascade (Arabidopsis thaliana)
      - MyD88-independent TLR4 cascade (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        TRIF(TICAM1)-mediated TLR4 signaling (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        MAP kinase activation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        JNK (c-Jun kinases) phosphorylation and activation mediated by activated human TAK1 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        Activated TAK1 phosphorylates MKK4/MKK7 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
        
        activated TAK1 mediates p38 MAPK activation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        activated human TAK1 phosphorylates MKK3/MKK6 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
      - MyD88:Mal cascade initiated on plasma membrane (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        MAP kinase activation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        JNK (c-Jun kinases) phosphorylation and activation mediated by activated human TAK1 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        Activated TAK1 phosphorylates MKK4/MKK7 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
        
        activated TAK1 mediates p38 MAPK activation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        activated human TAK1 phosphorylates MKK3/MKK6 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
    - Toll Like Receptor 5 (TLR5) Cascade (Arabidopsis thaliana)
      - MyD88 cascade initiated on plasma membrane (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        MAP kinase activation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        JNK (c-Jun kinases) phosphorylation and activation mediated by activated human TAK1 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        Activated TAK1 phosphorylates MKK4/MKK7 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
        
        activated TAK1 mediates p38 MAPK activation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        activated human TAK1 phosphorylates MKK3/MKK6 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
    - Toll Like Receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8) Cascade (Arabidopsis thaliana)
      - MyD88 dependent cascade initiated on endosome (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        TRAF6 mediated induction of NFkB and MAP kinases upon TLR7/8 or 9 activation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        MAP kinase activation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        JNK (c-Jun kinases) phosphorylation and activation mediated by activated human TAK1 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        Activated TAK1 phosphorylates MKK4/MKK7 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
        
        activated TAK1 mediates p38 MAPK activation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        activated human TAK1 phosphorylates MKK3/MKK6 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
    - Toll Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) Cascade (Arabidopsis thaliana)
      - MyD88 dependent cascade initiated on endosome (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        TRAF6 mediated induction of NFkB and MAP kinases upon TLR7/8 or 9 activation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        MAP kinase activation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        JNK (c-Jun kinases) phosphorylation and activation mediated by activated human TAK1 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        Activated TAK1 phosphorylates MKK4/MKK7 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
        
        activated TAK1 mediates p38 MAPK activation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        activated human TAK1 phosphorylates MKK3/MKK6 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]

Metabolism (Arabidopsis thaliana)

- Biological oxidations (Arabidopsis thaliana)
  - Phase II - Conjugation of compounds (Arabidopsis thaliana)
    - Cytosolic sulfonation of small molecules (Arabidopsis thaliana)
      - Transport and synthesis of PAPS (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        PAPSS1,2 transfer PO4(2-) group from ATP to APS to form PAPS (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
    - Glutathione conjugation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
      - Glutathione synthesis and recycling (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        GSS:Mg2+ dimer synthesizes GSH (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
        
        OPLAH hydrolyses OPRO to L-Glu (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
- Inositol phosphate metabolism (Arabidopsis thaliana)
  - Synthesis of IP3 and IP4 in the cytosol (Arabidopsis thaliana)
  - Synthesis of pyrophosphates in the cytosol (Arabidopsis thaliana)
- Integration of energy metabolism (Arabidopsis thaliana)
  - Regulation of insulin secretion (Arabidopsis thaliana)
    - SLC25A5,6 dimers exchange ATP for ADP across the mitochondrial inner membrane (Arabidopsis thaliana)
      - ADP [cytosol]
- Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives (Arabidopsis thaliana)
  - Amino acid synthesis and interconversion (transamination) (Arabidopsis thaliana)
    - glutamate + NH4+ + ATP => glutamine + ADP + orthophosphate [GLUL] (Arabidopsis thaliana)
      - ADP [cytosol]
- Metabolism of carbohydrates (Arabidopsis thaliana)
  - Formation of xylulose-5-phosphate (Arabidopsis thaliana)
    - XYLB phosphorylates D-xylulose (Arabidopsis thaliana)
      - ADP [cytosol]
  - Fructose metabolism (Arabidopsis thaliana)
    - Fructose catabolism (Arabidopsis thaliana)
      - DAK dimer phosphorylates D-glyceraldehyde to form D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
  - Glucose metabolism (Arabidopsis thaliana)
    - Gluconeogenesis (Arabidopsis thaliana)
      - ATP + 3-Phospho-D-glycerate <=> ADP + 1,3-bisphospho-D-glycerate (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
    - Glycolysis (Arabidopsis thaliana)
  - Glycosaminoglycan metabolism (Arabidopsis thaliana)
    - Transport and synthesis of PAPS (Arabidopsis thaliana)
      - PAPSS1,2 transfer PO4(2-) group from ATP to APS to form PAPS (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
  - Pentose phosphate pathway (Arabidopsis thaliana)
    - RBKS phosphorylates ribose to R5P (Arabidopsis thaliana)
      - ADP [cytosol]
- Metabolism of lipids (Arabidopsis thaliana)
  - Fatty acid metabolism (Arabidopsis thaliana)
    - Fatty acyl-CoA biosynthesis (Arabidopsis thaliana)
      - ACLY tetramer transforms CIT to Ac-CoA (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
      - acetyl-CoA + bicarbonate + ATP => malonyl-CoA + H2O + ADP + orthophosphate (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
    - Import of palmitoyl-CoA into the mitochondrial matrix (Arabidopsis thaliana)
  - Metabolism of steroids (Arabidopsis thaliana)
    - Bile acid and bile salt metabolism (Arabidopsis thaliana)
      - Recycling of bile acids and salts (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ABCB11 transports bile salts from cytosol to extracellular region (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
      - Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 7alpha-hydroxycholesterol (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ABCB11 transports bile salts from cytosol to extracellular region (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
    - Cholesterol biosynthesis (Arabidopsis thaliana)
      - MVD decarboxylates MVA5PP to IPPP (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
      - Mevalonate is phosphorylated to mevalonate-5-phosphate (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
  - Phospholipid metabolism (Arabidopsis thaliana)
    - Glycerophospholipid biosynthesis (Arabidopsis thaliana)
      - Synthesis of PC (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        Cho is phosphorylated to PCho by CHK dimer (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
      - Synthesis of PE (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ETA is phosphorylated to PETA by CHK/ETNK (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
    - PI Metabolism (Arabidopsis thaliana)
      - Synthesis of PIPs at the ER membrane (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        PI is phosphorylated to PI4P by PI4KA/2B at the ER membrane (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
      - Synthesis of PIPs at the Golgi membrane (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        PI is phosphorylated to PI3P by PIK3C2A/3 at the Golgi membrane (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
        
        PI is phosphorylated to PI4P by PI4KA/2A/2B at the Golgi membrane (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
        
        PI is phosphorylated to PI4P by PI4KB at the Golgi membrane (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
      - Synthesis of PIPs at the early endosome membrane (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        PI is phosphorylated to PI3P by PIK3C2A/3 at the early endosome membrane (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
      - Synthesis of PIPs at the late endosome membrane (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        PI is phosphorylated to PI3P by PIK3C2A/3 at the late endosome membrane (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
      - Synthesis of PIPs at the plasma membrane (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        PI is phosphorylated to PI5P by PIP5K1A/B at the plasma membrane (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
        
        PI(3,4)P2 is phosphorylated to PI(3,4,5)P3 by PIP5K1A-C at the plasma membrane (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
        
        PI3P is phosphorylated to PI(3,4)P2 by PIP4K2/5K1 at the plasma membrane (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
        
        PI3P is phosphorylated to PI(3,5)P2 by PIP5K1A/B at the plasma membrane (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
        
        PI4P is phosphorylated to PI(4,5)P2 by PIP5K1A-C at the plasma membrane (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
  - Sphingolipid metabolism (Arabidopsis thaliana)
    - Glycosphingolipid metabolism (Arabidopsis thaliana)
      - CERK phosphorylates CERA to form C1P (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
  - Triglyceride metabolism (Arabidopsis thaliana)
    - Triglyceride biosynthesis (Arabidopsis thaliana)
      - Conversion of Glycerol to Glycerol-3-phosphate (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
- Metabolism of nucleotides (Arabidopsis thaliana)
  - Interconversion of nucleotide di- and triphosphates (Arabidopsis thaliana)
  - Nucleobase biosynthesis (Arabidopsis thaliana)
    - Purine ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthesis (Arabidopsis thaliana)
    - Pyrimidine biosynthesis (Arabidopsis thaliana)
      - L-glutamine + 2 ATP + HCO3- + H2O => carbamoyl phosphate + L-glutamate + 2 ADP + orthophosphate (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
  - Nucleotide salvage (Arabidopsis thaliana)
    - Purine salvage (Arabidopsis thaliana)
      - (2'-deoxy)adenosine + ATP => (d)AMP + ADP (ADK) (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
      - deoxyadenosine or deoxyguanosine + ATP => dAMP or dGMP + ADP (DCK) (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
    - Pyrimidine salvage (Arabidopsis thaliana)
- Metabolism of vitamins and cofactors (Arabidopsis thaliana)
  - Metabolism of water-soluble vitamins and cofactors (Arabidopsis thaliana)
    - Metabolism of folate and pterines (Arabidopsis thaliana)
    - Nicotinate metabolism (Arabidopsis thaliana)
      - NADK:Zn2+ tetramer phosphorylates NAD+ to NADP+ (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
    - Vitamins B6 activation to pyridoxal phosphate (Arabidopsis thaliana)
- The citric acid (TCA) cycle and respiratory electron transport (Arabidopsis thaliana)
  - Respiratory electron transport, ATP synthesis by chemiosmotic coupling, and heat production by uncoupling proteins. (Arabidopsis thaliana)
    - Mitochondrial Uncoupling Proteins (Arabidopsis thaliana)
      - The proton buffering model (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        Protons are translocated from the intermembrane space to the matrix (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        Purine nucleotide [cytosol]
        
        ADP [cytosol]

Metabolism of RNA (Arabidopsis thaliana)

- Nonsense-Mediated Decay (NMD) (Arabidopsis thaliana)
  - Nonsense Mediated Decay (NMD) enhanced by the Exon Junction Complex (EJC) (Arabidopsis thaliana)
    - SMG1 phosphorylates UPF1 (enhanced by Exon Junction Complex) (Arabidopsis thaliana)
      - ADP [cytosol]

Metabolism of proteins (Arabidopsis thaliana)

- Post-translational protein modification (Arabidopsis thaliana)
  - Asparagine N-linked glycosylation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
    - Biosynthesis of the N-glycan precursor (dolichol lipid-linked oligosaccharide, LLO) and transfer to a nascent protein (Arabidopsis thaliana)
      - Synthesis of substrates in N-glycan biosythesis (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        GDP-fucose biosynthesis (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        FUK phosphorylates beta-Fuc to Fuc1P (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
        
        Synthesis of Dolichyl-phosphate (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        MVD decarboxylates MVA5PP to IPPP (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
    - Transport to the Golgi and subsequent modification (Arabidopsis thaliana)
      - ER to Golgi Anterograde Transport (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        COPI-mediated anterograde transport (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        GBF1 stimulates ARF nucleotide exchange (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
  - Gamma carboxylation, hypusine formation and arylsulfatase activation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
    - FN3K phosphorylates ketosamines (Arabidopsis thaliana)
      - ADP [cytosol]
    - FN3KRP phosphorylates PsiAm, RibAm (Arabidopsis thaliana)
      - ADP [cytosol]
- Protein folding (Arabidopsis thaliana)
  - Chaperonin-mediated protein folding (Arabidopsis thaliana)
    - Cooperation of PDCL (PhLP1) and TRiC/CCT in G-protein beta folding (Arabidopsis thaliana)
      - ATP binds G-protein beta associated TRiC/CCT (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
        
        Unfolded G-protein beta subunit:CCT/TRiC:ADP [cytosol] (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        CCT/TRiC:ADP [cytosol] (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
      - ATP hydrolysis promotes folding of G-protein beta by TRiC/CCT (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        Unfolded G-protein beta subunit:CCT/TRiC:ADP [cytosol] (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        CCT/TRiC:ADP [cytosol] (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
      - TRiC/CCT binds unfolded G-protein beta subunit (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        CCT/TRiC:ADP [cytosol] (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
        
        Unfolded G-protein beta subunit:CCT/TRiC:ADP [cytosol] (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        CCT/TRiC:ADP [cytosol] (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
- Surfactant metabolism (Arabidopsis thaliana)
  - ABCA3 transports PC, PG from ER membrane to lamellar body (Arabidopsis thaliana)
    - ADP [cytosol]
- Translation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
  - Eukaryotic Translation Initiation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
    - Cap-dependent Translation Initiation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
      - Ribosomal scanning and start codon recognition (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        Ribosomal scanning (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
- Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) (Arabidopsis thaliana)
  - IRE1alpha activates chaperones (Arabidopsis thaliana)
    - IRE1 dimer autophosphorylates (Arabidopsis thaliana)
      - ADP [cytosol]
    - XBP1(S) activates chaperone genes (Arabidopsis thaliana)
      - ASNA1 transports TA proteins from cytosol to ER membrane (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]

Neuronal System (Arabidopsis thaliana)

- Transmission across Chemical Synapses (Arabidopsis thaliana)
  - Neurotransmitter receptors and postsynaptic signal transmission (Arabidopsis thaliana)
    - Activation of NMDA receptor and postsynaptic events (Arabidopsis thaliana)
      - Post NMDA receptor activation events (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        CREB phosphorylation through the activation of CaMKK (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        Activation of CaMKK (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
  - Neurotransmitter uptake and metabolism In glial cells (Arabidopsis thaliana)
    - Astrocytic Glutamate-Glutamine Uptake And Metabolism (Arabidopsis thaliana)
      - glutamate + NH4+ + ATP => glutamine + ADP + orthophosphate [GLUL] (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]

Signal Transduction (Arabidopsis thaliana)

- Intracellular signaling by second messengers (Arabidopsis thaliana)
  - PIP3 activates AKT signaling (Arabidopsis thaliana)
    - Negative regulation of the PI3K/AKT network (Arabidopsis thaliana)
      - PI5P, PP2A and IER3 Regulate PI3K/AKT Signaling (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        PI4P is phosphorylated to PI(4,5)P2 by PIP5K1A-C at the plasma membrane (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
- MAPK family signaling cascades (Arabidopsis thaliana)
  - MAPK1/MAPK3 signaling (Arabidopsis thaliana)
    - RAF-independent MAPK1/3 activation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
      - MAPK3 (ERK1) activation (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        Inactivation of MAP2K1 by CDK1 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
- Signaling by GPCR (Arabidopsis thaliana)
  - GPCR downstream signalling (Arabidopsis thaliana)
    - G alpha (i) signalling events (Arabidopsis thaliana)
      - Visual phototransduction (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        The canonical retinoid cycle in rods (twilight vision) (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ABCA4 mediates atRAL transport (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
    - G alpha (q) signalling events (Arabidopsis thaliana)
      - Effects of PIP2 hydrolysis (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        DAG kinase produces phosphatidic acid from DAG (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
- Signaling by Rho GTPases (Arabidopsis thaliana)
  - RHO GTPase Effectors (Arabidopsis thaliana)
    - RHO GTPases Activate WASPs and WAVEs (Arabidopsis thaliana)
      - Branching and elongation of mother and daughter filaments (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        Mother filament:ARP2/3:actin:ADP [cytosol] (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        Actin:ADP [cytosol] (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
- Signaling by WNT (Arabidopsis thaliana)
  - Beta-catenin independent WNT signaling (Arabidopsis thaliana)
    - Ca2+ pathway (Arabidopsis thaliana)
      - Activation of NLK (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]
- mTOR signalling (Arabidopsis thaliana)
  - mTORC1-mediated signalling (Arabidopsis thaliana)
    - Phosphorylation and activation of eIF4G by activated S6K1 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
      - ADP [cytosol]
    - Phosphorylation of Ribosomal protein S6 by activated S6K1 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
      - ADP [cytosol]

Transport of small molecules (Arabidopsis thaliana)

- ABC-family proteins mediated transport (Arabidopsis thaliana)
- Ion channel transport (Arabidopsis thaliana)
  - Ion transport by P-type ATPases (Arabidopsis thaliana)
- Iron uptake and transport (Arabidopsis thaliana)
  - Transferrin endocytosis and recycling (Arabidopsis thaliana)
    - Acidification of Tf:TfR1 containing endosome (Arabidopsis thaliana)
      - ADP [cytosol]
- Plasma lipoprotein assembly, remodeling, and clearance (Arabidopsis thaliana)
  - Plasma lipoprotein remodeling (Arabidopsis thaliana)
    - HDL remodeling (Arabidopsis thaliana)
      - ABCG1-mediated transport of intracellular cholesterol to the cell surface (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]

Vesicle-mediated transport (Arabidopsis thaliana)

- Membrane Trafficking (Arabidopsis thaliana)
  - Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (Arabidopsis thaliana)
    - PIP5K1C phosphorylates PI(4)P to PI(4,5)P2 (Arabidopsis thaliana)
      - ADP [cytosol]
  - ER to Golgi Anterograde Transport (Arabidopsis thaliana)
    - COPI-mediated anterograde transport (Arabidopsis thaliana)
      - GBF1 stimulates ARF nucleotide exchange (Arabidopsis thaliana)
        
        ADP [cytosol]