Synthesis of minus strand strong stop DNA (-sssDNA)

Stable Identifier
R-HSA-164504
Type
Reaction [transition]
Species
Homo sapiens
Related Species
Human immunodeficiency virus 1
Compartment
ReviewStatus
5/5
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General
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To catalyze DNA synthesis, retroviral reverse transcriptase requires a primer strand to extend and a template strand to copy. For HIV-1, the primer is the 3'-end of a partially unwound lysine(3) tRNA annealed to the PBS (primer binding site) 179 bases from the 5' end of the retroviral genomic RNA (Isel et al. 1995). Reverse transcription of the viral genomic RNA proceeds from the bound tRNA primer to the 5' end of the viral RNA, yielding a minus-strand strong-stop DNA (-sssDNA) complementary to the R and U5 elements of the HIV-1 viral genome, as shown in the figure below (Telesnitsky and Goff 1997; Jonckheere et al. 2000). The reaction takes place in the host cell cytosol, and is catalyzed by the reverse transcriptase activity of the HIV-1 RT heterodimer.

NucleoCapsid (NC) protein prevents self-priming by generating or stabilizing a thermodynamically favored RNA-DNA heteroduplex instead of the kinetically favored TAR hairpin seen in reverse transcription experiments in vitro (Driscoll and Hughes 2000).

Literature References
PubMed ID Title Journal Year
10723025 The HIV-1 reverse transcription (RT) process as target for RT inhibitors

De Clercq, E, Anne, J, Jonckheere, H

Med Res Rev 2000
  Retroviruses

Varmus, HE, Hughes, SH, Coffin, JM

  1997
Participants
Participates
Catalyst Activity

RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity of RTC with tRNA primer:RNA template [cytosol]

This event is regulated
Disease
Name Identifier Synonyms
Human immunodeficiency virus infectious disease DOID:526 HIV infection
Authored
Reviewed
Created
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