Regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis by SREBP (SREBF)

Stable Identifier
R-HSA-1655829
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Type
Pathway
Species
Homo sapiens
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5/5
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Sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs, SREBFs) respond to low cholesterol concentrations by transiting to the nucleus and activating genes involved in cholesterol and lipid biosynthesis (reviewed in Brown and Goldstein 2009, Osborne and Espenshade 2009, Weber et al. 2004).
Newly synthesized SREBPs are transmembrane proteins that bind SCAP in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. SCAP binds cholesterol which causes a conformational change that allows SCAP to interact with INSIG, retaining the SCAP:SREBP complex in the ER. INSIG binds oxysterols, which cause INSIG to bind SCAP and retain SCAP:SREBP in the endoplasmic reticulum.
In low cholesterol (below about 5 mol%) SCAP no longer interacts with cholesterol or INSIG and binds Sec24 of the CopII coat complex instead. Thus SCAP:SREBP transits with the CopII complex from the ER to the Golgi. In the Golgi SREBP is cleaved by S1P and then by S2P, releasing the N-terminal fragment of SREBP into the cytosol. The N-terminal fragment is imported to the nucleus by importin-beta and then acts with other factors, such as SP1 and NF-Y, to activate transcription of target genes. Targets of SREBP include the genes encoding all enzymes of cholesterol biosynthesis and several genes involved in lipogenesis. SREBP2 most strongly activates cholesterol biosynthesis while SREBP1C most strongly activates lipogenesis.
Literature References
PubMed ID Title Journal Year
18974038 Cholesterol feedback: from Schoenheimer's bottle to Scap's MELADL

Brown, MS, Goldstein, JL

J Lipid Res 2009
19933148 Evolutionary conservation and adaptation in the mechanism that regulates SREBP action: what a long, strange tRIP it's been

Osborne, TF, Espenshade, PJ

Genes Dev 2009
15457548 Maintaining cholesterol homeostasis: sterol regulatory element-binding proteins

Stampfl, A, Boll, M, Weber, LW

World J Gastroenterol 2004
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