The SMAD2/3:SMAD4 complex transfers to the nucleus

Stable Identifier
R-HSA-173488
Type
Reaction [omitted]
Species
Homo sapiens
Compartment
ReviewStatus
5/5
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The phosphorylated R-SMAD:CO-SMAD complex rapidly translocates to the nucleus (Xu et al. 2000, Kurisaki et al. 2001, Xiao et al. 2003) where it binds directly to DNA and interacts with a plethora of transcription co-factors. Translocation of SMAD2 and SMAD3 to the nucleus is negatively regulated by ERK-mediated phosphorylation (Kretzschmar et al. 1999). Regulation of target gene expression can be either positive or negative. A classic example of a target gene of the pathway are the genes encoding for I-SMADs. Thus, TGF-beta/SMAD signaling induces the expression of the negative regulators of the pathway (negative feedback loop).
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