Reactome | Formation of ARC coactivator complex

Formation of ARC coactivator complex

Stable Identifier

R-HSA-212352

Type

Reaction [binding]

Species

Homo sapiens

Compartment

nucleoplasm

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ARC co-activator complex and assembly

The ARC co-activator complex is a subset of 18 proteins from the set of at least 31 Mediator proteins that, in different combinations, form "Adapter" complexes in human cells. Adapter complexes bridge between the basal transcription factors (including Pol II) and tissue-specific transcription factors (TFs) bound to sites within upstream Proximal Promoter regions or distal Enhancer regions (reviewed in Maston, 2006 and Naar, 2001).

The ARC complex was originally identified and named as a co-activator complex associated with transcription activator proteins (reviewed in Malik, 2005 and references therein). It was subsequently determined that many of the components of the ARC complex are also in the DRIP complex, and in the TRAP complex..

The ARC complex contains the following 14 proteins, which also are common to the DRIP and TRAP complexes: MED1, MED4, MED6, MED7, MED10, MED12, MED13, MED14, MED16, MED17, MED23, MED24, CDK8, CycC.

The ARC complex also contains 4 additional, ARC-specific components, which are now called: MED8, MED15, MED25, and MED 26 in the unified nomenclature scheme (Bourbon, 2004).

In addition, these various transcription co-activator proteins identified in mammalian cells were found to be the orthologues or homologues of the Mediator complex proteins in yeast, first identified by Kornberg and colleagues (Kelleher, 1990). The unified nomenclature system for these adapter / co-activator proteins now labels them Mediator 1 through Mediator 31 (Bourbon, 2004).

The order of addition of the ARC proteins during complex assembly is not fully determined, and may vary in different cell contexts. Therefore, ARC complex assembly is represented as a single reaction event, in which all 19 components assemble simultaneously into the ARC co-activator complex.

Literature References

PubMed ID	Title	Journal	Year
10235266	Ligand-dependent transcription activation by nuclear receptors requires the DRIP complex Rachez, C, Lemon, BD, Suldan, Z, Bromleigh, V, Gamble, M, Näär, AM, Erdjument-Bromage, H, Tempst, P, Freedman, LP	Nature	1999
9637681	A novel protein complex that interacts with the vitamin D3 receptor in a ligand-dependent manner and enhances VDR transactivation in a cell-free system Rachez, C, Suldan, Z, Ward, J, Chang, CP, Burakov, D, Erdjument-Bromage, H, Tempst, P, Freedman, LP	Genes Dev	1998
15896744	Dynamic regulation of pol II transcription by the mammalian Mediator complex Malik, S, Roeder, RG	Trends Biochem Sci	2005
2163759	A novel mediator between activator proteins and the RNA polymerase II transcription apparatus Kelleher RJ, 3rd, Flanagan, PM, Kornberg, RD	Cell	1990
15175151	A unified nomenclature for protein subunits of mediator complexes linking transcriptional regulators to RNA polymerase II Bourbon, HM, Aguilera, A, Ansari, AZ, Asturias, FJ, Berk, AJ, Bjorklund, S, Blackwell, TK, Borggrefe, T, Carey, M, Carlson, M, Conaway, JW, Conaway, RC, Emmons, SW, Fondell, JD, Freedman, LP, Fukasawa, T, Gustafsson, CM, Han, M, He, X, Herman, PK, Hinnebusch, AG, Holmberg, S, Holstege, FC, Jaehning, JA, Kim, YJ, Kuras, L, Leutz, A, Lis, JT, Meisterernest, M, Naar, AM, Nasmyth, K, Parvin, JD, Ptashne, M, Reinberg, D, Ronne, H, Sadowski, I, Sakurai, H, Sipiczki, M, Sternberg, PW, Stillman, DJ, Strich, R, Struhl, K, Svejstrup, JQ, Tuck, S, Winston, F, Roeder, RG, Kornberg, RD	Mol Cell	2004
9653119	The TRAP220 component of a thyroid hormone receptor- associated protein (TRAP) coactivator complex interacts directly with nuclear receptors in a ligand-dependent fashion Yuan, CX, Ito, M, Fondell, JD, Fu, ZY, Roeder, RG	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A	1998