Hyaluronan uptake and degradation

Stable Identifier
R-HSA-2160916
Type
Pathway
Species
Homo sapiens
ReviewStatus
5/5
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Hyaluronan (HA) turnover can occur locally at the tissue of origin, where it is taken up by cells to be degraded, or released into the lymphatic and vascular systems, where it can be eliminated by the liver and kidneys. Uptake of HA into cells for degradation involves receptor-mediated processes. Once HA enters lysosomes, the acidic conditions favour hyaluronidases to cleave it into small oligosaccharides, the most common size being a tetrasaccharide. Beta-glucuronidases participate in degrading the small oligosaccharides in the lysosome. Ultimately, HA is degraded into its constituent sugars (glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine) which can be used to reform many glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) when released from the lysosome.
A third of the total HA content in humans is turned over daily and it has a short half life of minutes in circulation up to days in many tissues. The reasons why the body eliminates HA so rapidly are unknown but one possible explanation could be HA's role as a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger. Removing these toxic compounds could explain the rapid elimination of HA (Lepperdinger et al. 2004, Menzel & Farr 1998, Erickson & Stern 2012, Stern 2003).
Literature References
PubMed ID Title Journal Year
22216413 Chain gangs: new aspects of hyaluronan metabolism

Stern, R, Erickson, M

Biochem Res Int 2012
9839614 Hyaluronidase and its substrate hyaluronan: biochemistry, biological activities and therapeutic uses

Menzel, EJ, Farr, C

Cancer Lett 1998
14514708 Devising a pathway for hyaluronan catabolism: are we there yet?

Stern, R

Glycobiology 2003
  Chemistry and Biology of Hyaluronan

Hales, CA, Garg, HG

  2004
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