Defective MMACHC does not reduce Cbl

Stable Identifier
R-HSA-3318576
Type
Reaction [transition]
Species
Homo sapiens
Compartment
cytosol
ReviewStatus
5/5
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Defective MMACHC does not reduce Cbl
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Methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria type C protein (MMACHC aka cblC protein) is suggested to be involved in the binding and intracellular transport of cobalamin (Cbl aka vitamin B12, cob(III)alamin). MMACHC can catalyse the removal of the "R" group (formally known as the upper axial ligand) from R-Cbl (where R can be Ado-, Me- or CN-) resulting in the reduction of Cbl (+3 oxidation state) to cob(II)alamin (B12r, vitamin B12r, +2 oxidation state) (Hannibal et al. 2009). Cob(II)alamin is escorted by MMACHC to its destination enzyme partners in the mitochondria and cytosol.

Defects in MMACHC cause methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria type cblC (MMAHCC; MIM:277400). MMAHCC is the most common disorder of cobalamin metabolism and is characterized by decreased levels of the coenzymes adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl) and methylcobalamin (MeCbl). Affected individuals may have developmental, haematologic, neurologic, metabolic, ophthalmologic, and dermatologic clinical findings (Lerner-Ellis et al. 2006). This disease is usually seen in infancy or childhood but can also present in later life. The common mutations 271dupA (p.R91Kfs*14) and R111*, found in approximately 40% and 5% of patients respectively, and W203* (this mutation is extremely common in Chinese patients where the c.271dupA mutation is virtually unknown) present in early-onset forms of the disease (Morel et al. 2006, Lerner-Ellis et al. 2006, Lerner-Ellis et al. 2009, Liu et al. 2010) whereas the mutations R132* and R161Q present in adulthood (Lerner-Ellis et al. 2009, Liu et al. 2010).
Literature References
PubMed ID Title Journal Year
20631720 Mutation spectrum of MMACHC in Chinese patients with combined methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria

Lin, SP, Qi, Y, Liu, TT, Liu, MY, Han, LS, Chiang, SH, Hsiao, KJ, Chang, YC, Yang, YL

J. Hum. Genet. 2010
16311595 Identification of the gene responsible for methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria, cblC type

Dobson, CM, Doré, C, Pawelek, PD, Gravel, RA, Morel, CF, Rosenblatt, DS, Rommens, JM, Lepage, P, Dunbar, GV, Hosack, AR, Shoubridge, EA, Forgetta, V, Watkins, D, Antonicka, H, Morgan, K, Leclerc, D, Moras, E, Coulton, JW, Tirone, JC, Lerner-Ellis, JP, Fujiwara, TM, Atkinson, JL

Nat. Genet. 2006
19370762 Spectrum of mutations in MMACHC, allelic expression, and evidence for genotype-phenotype correlations

Morel, CF, Rosenblatt, DS, Loewy, AD, Watkins, D, Stucki, M, Fowler, B, Gurd, S, Liu, J, Coelho, D, Pastinen, T, Baumgartner, MR, Suormala, T, Grundberg, E, Anastasio, N, Lerner-Ellis, JP

Hum. Mutat. 2009
19447654 Processing of alkylcobalamins in mammalian cells: A role for the MMACHC (cblC) gene product

Hannibal, L, Rosenblatt, DS, Kim, J, Wang, S, Banerjee, R, Jacobsen, DW, Brasch, NE

Mol. Genet. Metab. 2009
16714133 Combined methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria (cblC): phenotype-genotype correlations and ethnic-specific observations

Morel, CF, Rosenblatt, DS, Lerner-Ellis, JP

Mol. Genet. Metab. 2006
Participants
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as an event of
Normal reaction
MMACHC dealkylates RCbl (Homo sapiens)
Functional status

Loss of function of MMACHC mutants [cytosol]

Normal Entity
Disease Entity
Status
Disease
Name Identifier Synonyms
methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria type cblC DOID:0050715 Cobalamin C deficiency
Authored
Jassal, B  (2013-04-29)
Reviewed
Watkins, D  (2013-08-14)
Created
Jassal, B  (2013-04-29)
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