Deadenylation-dependent mRNA decay

Stable Identifier
R-HSA-429914
Type
Pathway
Species
Homo sapiens
Compartment
ReviewStatus
5/5
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After undergoing rounds of translation, mRNA is normally destroyed by the deadenylation-dependent pathway. Though the trigger is unclear, deadenylation likely proceeds in two steps: one catalyzed by the PAN2-PAN3 complex that shortens the poly(A) tail from about 200 adenosine residues to about 80 residues and one catalyzed by the CCR4-NOT complex or by the PARN enzyme that shortens the tail to about 10-15 residues.
After deadenylation the mRNA is then hydrolyzed by either the 5' to 3' pathway or the 3' to 5' pathway. It is unknown what determinants target a mRNA to one pathway or the other.
The 5' to 3' pathway is initiated by binding of the Lsm1-7 complex to the 3' oligoadenylate tail followed by decapping by the DCP1-DCP2 complex. The 5' to 3' exoribonuclease XRN1 then hydrolyzes the remaining RNA.
The 3' to 5' pathway is initiated by the exosome complex at the 3' end of the mRNA. The exosome processively hydrolyzes the mRNA from 3' to 5', leaving only a capped oligoribonucleotide. The cap is then removed by the scavenging decapping enzyme DCPS.
Literature References
PubMed ID Title Journal Year
14749774 The enzymes and control of eukaryotic mRNA turnover

Song, H, Parker, R

Nat Struct Mol Biol 2004
16141059 From birth to death: the complex lives of eukaryotic mRNAs

Moore, MJ

Science 2005
15475613 Messenger RNA decay in mammalian cells: the exonuclease perspective

Fritz, DT, Wilusz, J, Bergman, N, Wilusz, CJ, Kilpatrick, WJ

Cell Biochem Biophys 2004
19239894 The many pathways of RNA degradation

Houseley, J, Tollervey, D

Cell 2009
17245413 The highways and byways of mRNA decay

Garneau, NL, Wilusz, J, Wilusz, CJ

Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2007
11283721 The cap-to-tail guide to mRNA turnover

Wormington, M, Wilusz, CJ, Peltz, SW

Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2001
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