S45 mutants of beta-catenin have been identified in colorectal and hepatocellular carcinomas, soft tissue cancer and Wilms Tumors, among others (reviewed in Polakis, 2000). These mutations abolish the CK1alpha phosphorylation site of beta-catenin which acts as a critical priming site for GSK3 phosphorylation of T41( and subsequently S37 and S33) thus preventing its ubiquitin-mediated degradation (Morin et al, 1997; Amit et al, 2002).
Morin, PJ, Sparks, AB, Korinek, V, Barker, N, Clevers, HC, Vogelstein, B, Kinzler, KW
Amit, S, Hatzubai, A, Birman, Y, Andersen, JS, Ben-Shushan, E, Mann, M, Ben-Neriah, Y, Alkalay, I
Polakis, P
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