Reactome | CYP26A1,B1,C1 4-hydroxylate atRA

CYP26A1,B1,C1 4-hydroxylate atRA

Stable Identifier

R-HSA-5362525

Type

Reaction [transition]

Species

Homo sapiens

Compartment

cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum membrane

ReviewStatus

5/5

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All-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) is a biologically activated metabolite of vitamin A (retinol) and is essential for reproduction, embryonic development, growth, and multiple processes in the adult, including energy balance, neurogenesis, and the immune response. Cytochrome P450 26A1 and B1 (CYP26A1 and B1) play a key role in retinoid metabolism (Ross & Zolfaghari 2011). They 4-hydroxylate all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA), delivered by CRABP1, to form all-trans-4-hydroxyretinoic acid (4OH-atRA) which can then be eliminated from the body. CYP26A1 and B1 are also able to 4-hydroxylate 9-cis-retinoic acid and 13-cis-retinoic acid (9cRA and 13cRA respectively) in vitro. These enzymes are also produce 18-hydroxy and 4-oxo forms of these retinoic acids (not shown here).

The inactivation of RA by CYP26B1 is essential for postnatal survival and maintenance of the undifferentiated state of male germ cells during embryonic development in Sertoli cells. Excessive RA also has teratogenic effects in the limb and craniofacial skeleton. Defects in CYP26B1 can cause radiohumeral fusions with other skeletal and craniofacial anomalies (RHFCA; MIM:614416) (Laue et al. 2011).

Literature References

PubMed ID	Title	Journal	Year
22019272	Craniosynostosis and multiple skeletal anomalies in humans and zebrafish result from a defect in the localized degradation of retinoic acid Laue, K, Pogoda, HM, Daniel, PB, van Haeringen, A, Alanay, Y, von Ameln, S, Rachwalski, M, Morgan, T, Gray, MJ, Breuning, MH, Sawyer, GM, Sutherland-Smith, AJ, Nikkels, PG, Kubisch, C, Bloch, W, Wollnik, B, Hammerschmidt, M, Robertson, SP	Am. J. Hum. Genet.	2011
21529158	Cytochrome P450s in the regulation of cellular retinoic acid metabolism Ross, AC, Zolfaghari, R	Annu. Rev. Nutr.	2011
14532297	A novel human cytochrome P450, CYP26C1, involved in metabolism of 9-cis and all-trans isomers of retinoic acid Taimi, M, Helvig, C, Wisniewski, J, Ramshaw, H, White, J, Amad, M, Korczak, B, Petkovich, M	J Biol Chem	2004