Defective SLC1A3 does not cotransport L-Glu,L-Asp,D-Asp,H+,3Na+ from extracellular region to cytosol

Stable Identifier
R-HSA-5625015
Type
Reaction [transition]
Species
Homo sapiens
Compartment
cytosol, extracellular region, plasma membrane
ReviewStatus
5/5
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Defective SLC1A3 does not cotransport L-Glu,L-Asp,D-Asp,H+,3Na+ from extracellular region to cytosol
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The SLC1 gene family includes five high-affinity glutamate transporters encoded by SLC1, 2, 3, 6 and 7. These transporters can mediate transport of L-glutamate (L-Glu), L-Aspartate (L-Asp) and D-Aspartate (D-Asp) with cotransport of 3 Na+ ions and H+ and antiport of a K+ ion. This mechanism allows glutamate into cells against a concentration gradient. This is a crucial factor in the protection of neurons against glutamate excitotoxicity (the excitation of nerve cells to their death) in the CNS.

SLC1A3 is highly expressed in the cerebellum but also found in the frontal cortex, hippocampus and basal ganglia. Defects in SLC1A3 can cause episodic ataxia type 6 (EA6; MIM:612656) where mutations in SLC1A3 can lead to decreased glutamate uptake, thus contributing to neuronal hyperexcitability to cause seizures, hemiplegia and episodic ataxia. Mutations in SLC1A3 that cause EA6 are P290R and C186S (Jen et al. 2005, de Vries et al. 2009 respectively). Both mutations do not cause a complete loss-of function of SLC1A3 but the phenotype seen with the P290R mutation is more severe than that seen with the C186S mutation. For display purposes, the mutations are shown as having complete loss-of-function.
Literature References
PubMed ID Title Journal Year
19139306 Episodic ataxia associated with EAAT1 mutation C186S affecting glutamate reuptake

Vanmolkot, KR, Baloh, RW, van den Maagdenberg, AM, Jen, JC, Boon, EM, Ferrari, MD, Frants, RR, Mamsa, H, Terwindt, GM, Haan, J, de Vries, B, Howard, BD, Wan, J, Bakker, SL, Stam, AH

Arch. Neurol. 2009
16116111 Mutation in the glutamate transporter EAAT1 causes episodic ataxia, hemiplegia, and seizures

Wan, J, Howard, BD, Jen, JC, Baloh, RW, Palos, TP

Neurology 2005
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Catalyst Activity

high-affinity glutamate transmembrane transporter activity of SLC1A3 mutants [plasma membrane]

Physical Entity
SLC1A3 mutants [plasma membrane] (Homo sapiens)
Activity
high-affinity glutamate transmembrane transporter activity (GO:0005314)
Normal reaction
SLC1A1,2,3,6,7 cotransport L-Glu,L-Asp,D-Asp,H+,3Na+ from extracellular region to cytosol (Homo sapiens)
Functional status

Loss of function of SLC1A3 mutants [plasma membrane]

Normal Entity
Disease Entity
Status
Disease
Name Identifier Synonyms
episodic ataxia DOID:963 Isaacs syndrome
Authored
Jassal, B  (2014-10-01)
Reviewed
Broer, S  (2015-08-04)
Created
Jassal, B  (2014-10-01)
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