Reactome | CHIA hydrolyses chitin

CHIA hydrolyses chitin

Stable Identifier

R-HSA-6786421

Type

Reaction [omitted]

Species

Homo sapiens

Compartment

extracellular region

ReviewStatus

5/5

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Chitin is a linear polymer made up of repeating units of the sugar N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and is the second most abundant polysaccharide in nature after cellulose. It is found in the cell walls of bacteria and fungi, the exoskeleton of crustaceans and insects, and the microfilarial sheath of parasitic nematodes. Chitinases are evolutionarily ancient enzymes that hydrolyse the chitin polymer into di- and trisaccharides. This process produces differentially sized chitin fragments that can trigger the release of type 2 cytokines, including interleukin IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 by CD4 T helper (Th2) and other immune cells which play critical roles in the pathogenesis of asthma and allergic responses. Humans express two active chitinases; acidic mammalian chitinase (CHIA, AMCase) and chitotriosidase (CHIT1) . CHIA is a secreted enzyme that can randomly hydrolyse chitin (and chitotriose, not shown here) (Boot et al. 2001, Chou et al. 2006, Harti et al. 2008, Olland et al. 2009, Seibold et al. 2009).

Literature References

PubMed ID	Title	Journal	Year
16584180	Kinetic characterization of recombinant human acidic mammalian chitinase Czerwinski, R, Xuan, D, Aulabaugh, A, Zhou, H, Chou, YT, Huang, X, Yao, S, Lin, L, Fitz, L, Brooks, J, Presman, E, Krykbaev, R, Strand, J, Fleming, M	Biochemistry	2006
19435888	Differential enzymatic activity of common haplotypic versions of the human acidic Mammalian chitinase protein Weiss, KB, Fahy, JV, Choudhry, S, Rodriguez-Santana, J, Seibold, MA, Sheppard, D, Lenoir, M, Reese, TA, Kumar, R, Locksley, RM, Gilliland, FD, Salam, MT, Boot, RG, Thyne, S, Atakilit, A, Eng, C, Schleimer, RP, Avila, P, Watson, HG, Burchard, EG, Beckman, K, Rodriguez-Cintron, W, Grammer, LC, Meade, K	J. Biol. Chem.	2009
19241384	Triad of polar residues implicated in pH specificity of acidic mammalian chitinase Czerwinski, R, Chopra, R, Kriz, R, Somers, W, Mosyak, L, Schlingmann, G, Lin, L, Olland, AM, Joseph-McCarthy, D, Stahl, M, Fitz, L, Krykbaev, R, Presman, E, Strand, J, Fleming, M	Protein Sci.	2009
11085997	Identification of a novel acidic mammalian chitinase distinct from chitotriosidase Bijl, N, Boot, RG, Moe, C, Swart, E, Ghauharali-van der Vlugt, K, Blommaart, EF, Place, A, Aerts, JM	J. Biol. Chem.	2001
18824549	Acidic mammalian chitinase is secreted via an ADAM17/epidermal growth factor receptor-dependent pathway and stimulates chemokine production by pulmonary epithelial cells He, CH, Da Silva, CA, Koller, B, Elias, JA, Hartl, D, Lee, CG, Homer, R	J. Biol. Chem.	2008