GSTZ1 dimer dehalogenates DCA

Stable Identifier
R-HSA-9011595
Type
Reaction [transition]
Species
Homo sapiens
Compartment
ReviewStatus
5/5
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In the liver, dimeric glutathione S-transferase zeta 1 (GSTZ1 dimer, aka maleylacetoacetate isomerase, MAAI) mediates the dechlorination of the drug dichloroacetate (DCA) to glyoxylate (Ammini & Stacpoole 2003, Stacpoole et al. 1998, 2008). GSTZ1 is primarily found both in the cytosol and mitochondria (Li et al. 2011). Glyoxylate, the primary metabolite of DCA metabolism, is ultimately converted to oxalate and glycine. The reaction requires (but does not consume) glutathione (GSH). GSTZ1 also catalyses the penultimate step in tyrosine catabolism, thus avoiding the accumulation of toxic tyrosine intermediates. DCA inhibits its own metabolism apparently by a post-translationally mediated inhibition of hepatic GSTZ1 (Stacpoole et al. 1998). GSTZ1 inhibition can cause the build-up of tyrosine intermediates which are able to form protein adducts. Chronic administration of DCA in adult rodents, dogs and some humans causes reversible peripheral neuropathy and hepatotoxicity, possibly because of these reactive tyrosine intermediates (Stacpoole et al. 1998, James et al. 2017). The rate of GSTZ1 inactivation by DCA is influenced by age, GSTZ1 haplotype and cellular chloride concentration (Shroads et al. 2008, 2012, 2015, Jahn et al. 2016, James et al. 2017).
Literature References
PubMed ID Title Journal Year
20884751 Mitochondrion as a novel site of dichloroacetate biotransformation by glutathione transferase zeta 1

Stacpoole, PW, Li, W, Calcutt, NA, McKenzie, SC, Liu, C, James, MO

J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 2011
11327815 Crystal structure of maleylacetoacetate isomerase/glutathione transferase zeta reveals the molecular basis for its remarkable catalytic promiscuity.

Blackburn, AC, Parker, MW, Polekhina, G, Board, PG

Biochemistry 2001
  Natural Production of Organohalogen Compounds

Gribble, G

  2003
24637752 Preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of glutathione transferase zeta 1 (GSTZ1a-1a)

Boone, CD, McKenna, R, Smeltz, M, James, MO, Zhong, G

Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2014
9710704 Pharmacokinetics, metabolism and toxicology of dichloroacetate

Henderson, GN, Cornett, R, Yan, Z, Stacpoole, PW, James, MO

Drug Metab. Rev. 1998
9815194 Glutathione transferase zeta-catalyzed biotransformation of dichloroacetic acid and other alpha-haloacids

Board, PG, Tong, Z, Anders, MW

Chem Res Toxicol 1998
Participants
Participates
Catalyst Activity

glutathione transferase activity of GSTZ1 dimer [mitochondrial matrix]

This event is regulated
Negatively by
Orthologous Events
Cross References
RHEA
Authored
Reviewed
Created
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