Similar to other ions and metabolites, pyruvate (PYR) probably crosses the outer mitochondrial membrane through the relatively non-specific, voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 (VDAC1) (McCommis & Finck 2015). Humans with defective VDAC1 show impaired PYR oxidation and ATP production (Huizing et al. 1996).
Huizing, M, Ruitenbeek, W, Thinnes, FP, DePinto, V, Wendel, U, Trijbels, FJ, Smit, LM, ter Laak, HJ, van den Heuvel, LP
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