Activated CAMKK2 (CaMKK-beta) phosphorylates the alpha subunit of AMP-activated kinase (AMPK). The CAMKK2 target site is evolutionarily conserved in two AMPK-alpha isoforms and corresponds to threonine 183 (T183) in PRKAA1 (AMPK-alpha1) and threonine 172 (T172) in PRKAA2 (AMPK-alpha2).
In the presence of recombinant calmodulin, recombinant rat Camkk2 (CaMKK-beta) phosphorylates recombinant human CAMK4 (CaMKIV) (Anderson et al. 1998). Recombinant calmodulin is assumed to be human as CALM1 seqeuence is 100% conserved between human, rat and mouse.
Recombinant human CaMKK2 (CaMKK-beta) binds recombinant rat calmodulin (Calm1, commonly labeled as CaM) (Kylarova et al. 2018). Because of uncertain CAMKK2 localization, this reaction may happen in the nucleus or in the cytosol or both.
Recombinant human CAMKK2 (CaMKK-beta) binds recombinant rat calmodulin (Calm1, commonly labeled as CaM) (Kylarova et al. 2018). Because of uncertain CAMKK2 localization, this reaction may happen in the cytosol or in the nucleus or both.
Recombinant rat AMPK complex, composed of AMPK-alpha1 (Prkaa1), AMPK-beta1 (Prkab1) and AMPK-gamma1 (Prkag1), phosphorylates recombinant human Tau protein on serine residues S262, S356 and S396 (Thornton et al. 2011, Mairet-Coello et al. 2013).
Activation of NMDA receptors (NMDARs) leads to activation of AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) in a CAMKK2-dependent manner. Overactivation of CAMKK2 or AMPK in neurons can lead to dendritic spine loss and is implicated in synaptotoxicity of beta-amyloids in Alzheimer's disease (Mairet-Coello et al. 2013).
Activation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinases, CaMKKs (CAMKK1 and CAMKK2), upon calcium influx through activated NMDA receptors, leads to activation of the cytosolic calcium/calmodulin kinase CaMKI (CAMK1). One of the CAMK1 targets is the RAC1 guanine nucleotide exchange factor ARHGEF7 (beta-Pix). Activation of RAC1 is involved in NMDA-receptor triggered synaptogenesis (Saneyoshi et al. 2008).