Identifier: R-HSA-8866269
Compartment:
plasma membrane
Beta arrestins 1 and 2 are required for the endocytosis and downregulation of numerous GPCRs including ADRB2, CHRM2, FZD, C5aR and many others (Ferguson et al, 1995; Goodman et al, 1995; Chen et al, 2003; Gurevich et al, 1995; Braun et al, 2003; reviewed in Kovacs et al, 2009; Traub and Bonifacino, 2013). Beta-arrestin mediated downregulation of GPCRs is modulated by receptor phosphorylation status (see for instance Fessart et al, 2007; Braun et al, 2003; reviewed in Gurevich and Gurevich, 2006). In addition to recognizing GPCR cargo, beta-arrestins also bind directly to the AP-2 complex, thus mediating the recruitment of cargo into nascent clathrin coated vesicles (Edeling et al, 2006; Schmid et al, 2006; reviewed in Traub and Bonifacino, 2013; Kang et al, 2014). A recent study has shown that in addition to mediating GPCR endocytosis, beta-arrestin2 can be recruited to CCPs after dissociation from ADRB2 to promote MAPK signaling, highlighting a role for CCPs as signaling microdomains (Eichel et al, 2016).