Search results for DCP1A

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Protein (1 results from a total of 1)

Identifier: R-HSA-430043
Species: Homo sapiens
Compartment: cytosol
Primary external reference: UniProt: DCP1A: Q9NPI6

Reaction (4 results from a total of 4)

Identifier: R-HSA-927813
Species: Homo sapiens
Compartment: cytosol
SMG6, SMG5 and SMG7 contain 14-3-3 domains which are believed to bind phosphorylated SQ motifs in UPF1 (Chiu et al. 2003, Ohnishi et al. 2003, Unterholzner and Izaurralde 2004, Fukuhara et al. 2005, Durand et al. 2007). SMG7 has been shown to bind UPF1 directly, target UPF1 for dephosphorylation by PP2A, and recruit enzymes that degrade RNA (Ohnishi et al. 2003, Unterholzner and Izaurralde 2004, Fukuhara et al. 2005). UPF3AS (the small isoform of UPF3A) also associates with the complex (Ohnishi et al. 2003). SMG6 is an endoribonuclease that cleaves the mRNA bound by UPF1 and also recruits phosphatase PP2A to dephosphorylate UPF1 (Chiu et al. 2003, Glavan et al. 2006, Eberle et al. 2009). PNRC2 binds both phospo-UPF1 and the decapping enzyme DCP1A, thereby facilitating decapping of the mRNA (Cho et al. 2009, Lai et al. 2012, Cho et al. 2013).
Though immunofluorescence in vivo indicates that SMG5 and SMG7 exist in separate complexes from SMG6 (Unterholzner and Izaurralde 2004) immunoprecipitation shows that SMG6 is present in complexes that also contain SMG5, SMG7, UPF1, UPF2, Y14, Magoh, and PABP (Kashima et al. 2010). SMG5, SMG6, and SMG7 are therefore represented here together in the same RNP complex. It is possible that some complexes contain only SMG6 or SMG5:SMG7 (reviewed in Nicholson et al. 2010, Muhlemann and Lykke-Andersen 2010). Note that "Smg5/7a" in Chiu et al. 2003 actually refers to SMG6.
Phosphorylated UPF1 also inhibits translation initiation by inhibiting conversion of 40S:tRNAmet:mRNA to 80S:tRNAmet:mRNA complexes (Isken et al. 2008)
Identifier: R-HSA-450431
Species: Homo sapiens
Compartment: cytosol
TTP interacts directly with exonucleases (XRN1 and the exosome) and decapping enzymes (DCP1a and DCP2) which hydrolyze the mRNA bound by TTP. TTP also recruits PARN deadenylase, however a direct interaction between TTP and PARN has not been demonstrated.
Identifier: R-HSA-450488
Species: Homo sapiens
Compartment: cytosol
BRF1 recruits RNA degradation activities to hydrolyze the RNA bound to BRF1. Coimmunoprecipitation has shown BRF1 interacts with the exosome (3' to 5' nuclease), XRN1 (5' to 3' nuclease), and DCP1a and DCP2 (decapping). BRF1 localizes RNAs to processing bodies, sites of translation repression and possible sites of RNA degradation.
Identifier: R-HSA-927830
Species: Homo sapiens
Compartment: cytosol
SMG6 endonucleolytically cleaves an mRNA it is believed that the resulting fragments are degraded by exonucleases, possibly XRN1, a 5'-to-3' nuclease, and the exosome complex, a 3'-to-5' nuclease (Huntzinger et al. 2008, Eberle et al. 2009). Inhibition of XRN1 is observed to cause accumulation of SMG6-cleaved intermediates therefore XRN1 is postulated to act downstream of SMG6 (Huntzinger et al. 2008).
In general, during Nonsense-Mediated Decay mRNAs are observed to be deadenlyated (implicating the PAN2 complex, PARN complex, and CCR4 complex), decapped (implicating the DCP1:DCP2 complex), and exoribonucleolytically digested (implicating the XRN1 5'-to-3' exonuclease and exosome 3'-to-5' exonuclease) (Lykke-Andersen 2002, Chen et al. 2003, Lejeune et al. 2003, Couttet and Grange 2004, Unterholzner and Izaurralde 2004, Yamashita et al. 2005). UPF1 is observed to associate with the decapping enzymes DCP1a and DCP2, however the specific decay reactions that occur after SMG6, SMG5 and SMG7 have associated with an mRNA are unknown (Lykke-Andersen et al. 2002). Likewise, SMG6 may be present in complexes separate from SMG5 and SMG7 and these complexes may have different routes of decay (reviewed in Nicholson et al. 2010, Muhlemann and Lykke-Andersen 2010).
ATPase activity of UPF1 is necessary for NMD and may reflect ATP-dependent helicase activity that disassembles the mRNA-protein complex (Franks et al. 2010). UPF1 must be dephosphorylated by PP2A for NMD to continue (Ohnishi et al. 2003, Chiu et al. 2003). Presumably the dephosphoryation recycles UPF1 for interaction with other mRNA complexes.

Pathway (2 results from a total of 2)

Identifier: R-HSA-9833482
Species: Homo sapiens
Compartment: cytosol
Interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase PKR (EIF2AK2) mainly halts cellular protein translation by phosphorylating eIF2α, which blocks the recycling of GDP-eIF2 to GTP-eIF2 required for cap-dependent translation initiation. PKR is constitutively expressed at low level, and its expression is up-regulated by interferon alpha/beta signaling. PKR is mainly localized in the cytoplasm with a small fraction in the nucleus (Tian & Mathews 2001).
PKR was identified in the 1970s (Friedman et al, 1972; Kerr et al., 1977). Its activation is characterized by the shifting of its monomer/dimer equilibrium towards the dimer, with subsequent autophosphorylation (reviewed by Sadler & Williams, 2007; Bou-Nader et al, 2019). Possible activating factors include binding of viral dsRNA to the PKR dsRNA binding domain (reviewed by Nallagatla et al, 2011), as well as cellular proteins (ISG15, PACT, DCP1A) and heparin (Patel & Sen, 1998; Dougherty et al., 2014; George et al., 1996; Fasciano et al., 2005; reviewed by Zhang et al, 2021). General translation shutdown by PKR can therefore be promoted by both viral infection and the integrated response of the cell to stress stimuli (reviewed by Pizzinga et al, 2019; Costa-Mattioli & Walter, 2020). Several cellular inhibitors of PKR activation and eIF2α phosphorylation by PKR have been identified and binding of PKR to viral proteins from RNA viruses (e.g. HIV, influenza A, RSV) has also been shown to contribute to inhibition (reviewed by Cesaro & Michiels, 2021). In addition to its role in translation shutdown via eIF2α, PKR affects translation through NFAR protein phosphorylation; it can also phosphorylate RNA helicase A, CDC2, and MKK6, thus modulating RNA metabolism, G2 arrest, and p38 MAPK activation. Finally, PKR can bind to TRAF proteins, the IkappaB kinase complex, GSK-3beta, and several inflammasome components leading to NF-kappa B activation, tau phosphorylation, apoptosis, and inflammasome activation (reviewed by Gil & Esteban, 2000; Garcia et al, 2007; Pindel & Sadler, 2011; Marchal et al, 2014; Yim & Williams, 2014; McKey et al, 2021).
Identifier: R-HSA-450385
Species: Homo sapiens
Compartment: cytosol
Butyrate Response Factor 1 (BRF1, ZFP36L1, not to be confused with transcription factor IIIB) binds AU-rich elements in the 3' region of mRNAs. After binding, BRF1 recruits exonucleases (XRN1 and the exosome) and decapping enzymes (DCP1a and DCP2) to hydrolyze the RNA. The ability of BRF1 to direct RNA degradation is controlled by phosphorylation of BRF1. Protein kinase B/AKT1 phosphorylates BRF1 at serines 92 and 203. Phosphorylated BRF1 can still bind RNA but is sequestered by binding 14-3-3 protein, preventing BRF1 from destabilizing RNA. BRF1 is also phosphorylated by MK2 at serines 54, 92, 203, and at an unknown site in the C-terminus. It is unknown if this particular phosphorylated form of BRF1 binds 14-3-3.
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