Search results for FANCM

Showing 15 results out of 15

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Protein (3 results from a total of 3)

Identifier: R-HSA-419535
Species: Homo sapiens
Compartment: nucleoplasm
Primary external reference: UniProt: FANCM: Q8IYD8
Identifier: R-HSA-420802
Species: Homo sapiens
Compartment: cytosol
Primary external reference: UniProt: FANCM: Q8IYD8
Identifier: R-HSA-6788401
Species: Homo sapiens
Compartment: nucleoplasm
Primary external reference: UniProt: FANCM: Q8IYD8

Interactor (1 results from a total of 1)

Identifier: Q8IYD8-1
Species: Homo sapiens
Primary external reference: UniProt: Q8IYD8-1

Reaction (6 results from a total of 6)

Identifier: R-HSA-6785607
Species: Homo sapiens
Compartment: nucleoplasm
FANCM binds FAAP24, forming a complex that recognizes DNA interstrand crosslinks, thus triggering the Fanconi anemia repair pathway (Ciccia et al. 2007, Kim et al. 2008).
Identifier: R-HSA-6788392
Species: Homo sapiens
Compartment: nucleoplasm
ATR phosphorylates several proteins at DNA insterstrand crosslinks (ICL-DNA), with ATR activity at ICL-DNA being independent of the presence of RAD17 and TOPBP1 (Shigechi et al. 2012, Tomida et al. 2013). Besides phosphorylating the RPA2 subunit of the RPA heterotrimeric complex (Huang et al. 2010), activated ATR also phosphorylates the Fanconi anemia core complex component FANCM on serine residue S1045 (Singh et al. 2013). ATR-mediated phosphorylation of FANCM is thought to be important for the progression of ICL repair, although the mechanism is not known. The critical ATR substrate at ICL-DNA is considered to be FANCI component of the ID2 complex. ATR-mediated phosphorylation of FANCI, at least on serine residues S556, S559, S565 and S617, is a prerequisite for FANCD2 monoubiquitination (Ishiai et al. 2008, Shigechi et al. 2012). FANDC2 itself is also phosphorylated by ATR on threonine residue T691 and serine residue S717, which promotes FANCD2 monoubiquitination and enhances cellular resistance to DNA crosslinking agents (Ho et al. 2006).
Identifier: R-HSA-6785087
Species: Homo sapiens
Compartment: nucleoplasm
A complex composed of FANCM and FAAP24 is constitutively associated with chromatin (Ciccia et al. 2007, Kim et al. 2008). Chromatin localization of the FANCM:FAAP24 complex is facilitated by the octameric MHF complex (Tao et al. 2012) composed of four dimers of two histone-like proteins: APITD1 (MHF1, FAAP16) and STRA13 (MHF2, FAAP10) (Singh et al. 2010). The complex of FANCM, FAAP24, APITD1 and STRA13 may constitute a molecular machine that preferentially binds to replication forks stalled at DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICL-DNA), with FANCM preferentially binding to the branch point, FAAP24 to the single strand DNA (ssDNA) and the MHF complex to the double strand DNA (Yan et al. 2010).
Identifier: R-HSA-6785126
Species: Homo sapiens
Compartment: nucleoplasm
In addition to FANCM, FAAP24, APITD1 (MHF1) and STRA13 (MHF2), the FA core complex also includes FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, FANCL, FAAP20 and FAAP100 (Singh et al. 2010, Yan et al. 2010, Leung et al. 2012). While FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG and FANCL, and probably FAAP20 and FAAP100, can assemble a complex in the nucleoplasm, they are unable to load onto DNA in the absence of FANCM and FAAP24 (Kim et al. 2008, Yan et al. 2010, Leung et al. 2012).
Identifier: R-HSA-5686430
Species: Homo sapiens
Compartment: nucleoplasm
MUS81 binds EME1 (MMS4) to form an evolutionarily conserved endonuclease complex involved in processing of aberrant replication intermediates and the cleavage of homologous recombination intermediates (Ciccia et al. 2003, Ogrunc and Sancar 2003). MUS81 can also form an endonuclease complex with EME2. EME2 is 40% identical to EME1 at the amino acid level and the MUS81:EME2 complex likely functions in a similar way to the MUS81:EME1 complex (Ciccia et al. 2007).
Identifier: R-HSA-6788385
Species: Homo sapiens
Compartment: nucleoplasm
The complex of ATR and ATRIP (ATR:ATRIP) is recruited to replication forks blocked by DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICL-DNA) through interaction with the RPA complex and the Fanconi anemia (FA) core complex. The RPA heterotrimer associates both with single strand DNA (ssDNA) that is produced by DNA resection at ICL-DNA-stalled replication forks and with the FANCM and FAAP24 components of the FA core complex (Huang et al. 2010). ATRIP directly interacts with the FANCL component of the FA core complex (Tomida et al. 2013). The presence of RAD17 and TOPB1, which is required for ATR activation at DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), is not needed for ATR activation at ICL-DNA (Tomida et al. 2013).

Complex (4 results from a total of 4)

Identifier: R-HSA-6785088
Species: Homo sapiens
Compartment: nucleoplasm
Identifier: R-HSA-9835416
Species: Homo sapiens
Compartment: cytosol
Identifier: R-HSA-6788393
Species: Homo sapiens
Compartment: nucleoplasm
Identifier: R-HSA-6785090
Species: Homo sapiens
Compartment: nucleoplasm

Pathway (1 results from a total of 1)

Identifier: R-HSA-6783310
Species: Homo sapiens
Compartment: nucleoplasm
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a genetic disease of genome instability characterized by congenital skeletal defects, aplastic anemia, susceptibility to leukemias, and cellular sensitivity to DNA damaging agents. Patients with FA have been categorized into at least 15 complementation groups (FA-A, -B, -C, -D1, -D2, -E, -F, -G, -I, -J, -L, -M, -N, -O and -P). These complementation groups correspond to the genes FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1/BRCA2, FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, FANCJ/BRIP1, FANCL, FANCM, FANCN/PALB2, FANCO/RAD51C and FANCP/SLX4. Eight of these proteins, FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, FANCL, and FANCM, together with FAAP24, FAAP100, FAAP20, APITD1 and STRA13, form a nuclear complex termed the FA core complex. The FA core complex is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that recognizes and is activated by DNA damage in the form of interstrand crosslinks (ICLs), triggering monoubiquitination of FANCD2 and FANCI, which initiates repair of ICL-DNA.

FANCD2 and FANCI form a complex and are mutually dependent on one another for their respective monoubiquitination. After DNA damage and during S phase, FANCD2 localizes to discrete nuclear foci that colocalize with proteins involved in homologous recombination repair, such as BRCA1 and RAD51. The FA pathway is regulated by ubiquitination and phosphorylation of FANCD2 and FANCI. ATR-dependent phosphorylation of FANCI and FANCD2 promotes monoubiquitination of FANCD2, stimulating the FA pathway (Cohn and D'Andrea 2008, Wang 2007). The complex of USP1 and WDR48 (UAF1) is responsible for deubiquitination of FANCD2 and negatively regulates the FA pathway (Cohn et al. 2007).

Monoubiquitinated FANCD2 recruits DNA nucleases, including SLX4 (FANCP) and FAN1, which unhook the ICL from one of the two covalently linked DNA strands. The DNA polymerase nu (POLN) performs translesion DNA synthesis using the DNA strand with unhooked ICL as a template, thereby bypassing the unhooked ICL. The unhooked ICL is subsequently removed from the DNA via nucleotide excision repair (NER). Incision of the stalled replication fork during the unhooking step generates a double strand break (DSB). The DSB is repaired via homologous recombination repair (HRR) and involves the FA genes BRCA2 (FANCD1), PALB2 (FANCN) and BRIP1 (FANCJ) (reviewed by Deans and West 2011, Kottemann and Smogorzewska 2013). Homozygous mutations in BRCA2, PALB2 or BRIP1 result in Fanconi anemia, while heterozygous mutations in these genes predispose carriers to primarily breast and ovarian cancer. Well established functions of BRCA2, PALB2 and BRIP1 in DNA repair are BRCA1 dependent, but it is not yet clear whether there are additional roles for these proteins in the Fanconi anemia pathway that do not rely on BRCA1 (Evans and Longo 2014, Jiang and Greenberg 2015). Heterozygous BRCA1 mutations predispose carriers to breast and ovarian cancer with high penetrance. Complete loss of BRCA1 function is embryonic lethal. It has only recently been reported that a partial germline loss of BRCA1 function via mutations that diminish protein binding ability of the BRCT domain of BRCA1 result in a FA-like syndrome. BRCA1 has therefore been designated as the FANCS gene (Jiang and Greenberg 2015).

The FA pathway is involved in repairing DNA ICLs that arise by exposure to endogenous mutagens produced as by-products of normal cellular metabolism, such as aldehyde containing compounds. Disruption of the aldehyde dehydrogenase gene ALDH2 in FANCD2 deficient mice leads to severe developmental defects, early lethality and predisposition to leukemia. In addition to this, the double knockout mice are exceptionally sensitive to ethanol consumption, as ethanol metabolism results in accumulated levels of aldehydes (Langevin et al. 2011).

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