Search results for GMPR

Showing 10 results out of 10

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Protein (2 results from a total of 2)

Identifier: R-HSA-514605
Species: Homo sapiens
Compartment: cytosol
Primary external reference: UniProt: GMPR: P36959
Identifier: R-HSA-514631
Species: Homo sapiens
Compartment: cytosol
Primary external reference: UniProt: GMPR2: Q9P2T1

DNA Sequence (1 results from a total of 1)

Identifier: R-HSA-9857562
Species: Homo sapiens
Compartment: nucleoplasm
Primary external reference: ENSEMBL: ENSEMBL:ENSG00000137198

Set (1 results from a total of 1)

Identifier: R-HSA-514620
Species: Homo sapiens
Compartment: cytosol

Complex (2 results from a total of 2)

Identifier: R-HSA-514628
Species: Homo sapiens
Compartment: cytosol
Identifier: R-HSA-514630
Species: Homo sapiens
Compartment: cytosol

Reaction (3 results from a total of 3)

Identifier: R-HSA-9857590
Species: Homo sapiens
Compartment: nucleoplasm, cytoplasm
GMPR encodes guanosine monophosphate reductase, a tetrameric enzyme that catalyzes the deamination of GMP to inosine monophosphate (IMP). IMP can be converted into AMP or, through the action of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase enzymes, can be converted back to GMP. In this way, IMP is a branch point in purine biosynthesis pathways (reviewed in D'Angiolella et al, 2014).
Expression of GMPR is decreased in a number of melanoma cell lines, resulting in dysregulation of GMP and AMP levels. These cells show elevated levels of GTP relative to normal cells (Wawrzyniak et al, 2013; Bianchi-Smirglia et al, 2017; reviewed in D'Angiolella et al, 2014). MITF expression is also decreased in melanoma cells and low MITF levels are correlated with increased invasive potential (Carreira et al, 2006; Giuliano et al, 2010; reviewed in Vachtenheim and Ondrusova, 2015).
GMPR is a direct target of MITF-M in melanoma and normal human melanocytes (Bianchi-Smiraglia et al, 2017; Strub et al, 2011; Hoek et al, 2008). Abrogation of MITF-M dependent GMPR expression results in elevated GTP levels, and increase in the formation of active, GTP-bound RAC1, RHOA and RHOC complexes, increased formation of invadopodia and increased invasive potential (Bianchi-Smiraglia et al, 2017; reviewed in D'Angiolella et al, 2014; Goding and Arnheiter, 2019).
Identifier: R-HSA-9857578
Species: Homo sapiens
Compartment: nucleoplasm
MITF-M controls the expression of the guanosine monophosphate reductase gene GMPR as assessed by ChIP in human melanoma and normal human melanocyte cells (Bianchi-Smiraglia et al, 2017; Strub et al, 2011). GMPR expression is downregulated in melanoma cell lines in a MITF-dependent manner. Decreased expression of GMPR causes an elevation of cellular GTP levels, an increase in formation of active RAC:GTP complexes and an increased invasive potential (Bianchi-Smiraglia et al, 2017; Wawrzyniak et al, 2013; reviewed in Goding and Arnheiter, 2019).
Microarray analysis identified GMPR as a MITF-dependent target gene (Hoek et al, 2008). Promoter analysis of the GMPR gene in human and mouse reveals several conserved E- and M-box motifs in the distal and proximal regions. Promoter analysis with a 250 bp region containing the three most proximal sites, including the completely conserved Box 7, drives MITF-dependent expression of a reporter gene, and mutation of the Box 7 M-box site abrogates this expression, consistent with the ChIP results identifying MITF as a direct regulator of GMPR gene expression (Bianchi-Smiraglia et al, 2017; Strub et al, 2011).
Identifier: R-HSA-514604
Species: Homo sapiens
Compartment: cytosol
Cytosolic GMP reductase (GMPR) catalyzes the reaction of GMP and NADPH + H+ to yield IMP and NADP+ + NH4+ (Spector et al. 1979; Deng et al. 2002). Two GMPR proteins have been identified, GMPR and GMPR2. Both proteins form homotetramers (GMPR - unpublished crstallographic data PDB 2BLE; GMPR2 - Li et al. 2006).

Pathway (1 results from a total of 1)

Identifier: R-HSA-9854909
Species: Homo sapiens
Targets of MITF such as CEACAM1, GMPR and DIAPH1 contribute to cellular mobility and invasion by affecting cellular adhesion and regulating the actin cytoskeleton (Ullrich et al, 1995; Bianchi-Smiraglia et al, 2017; Carreira et al, 2006). MITF also regulates expression of genes involved in EMT such as SNAI2 (Sanchez-Martin et al, 2002; Strub et al, 2011). MITF-dependent changes in invasiveness are of particular interest in the context of melanoma (reviewed in Goding and Arnheiter, 2019; Cheli et al, 2010; White and Zon, 2008).
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