Search results for GOT2

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Reaction (6 results from a total of 6)

Identifier: R-HSA-70613
Species: Homo sapiens
Compartment: mitochondrial matrix
Mitochondrial GOT2 (glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase 2, also known as aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial) catalyzes the reversible transamination of oxaloacetate (OA) and glutamate (L-Glu) to form aspartate (L-Asp) and 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG, alpha-ketoglutarate) (Martini et al. 1985). The active form of the enzyme is a homodimer of GOT2 monomers each conjugated with pyridoxal phosphate on lysine residue 279 (Jiang et al., 2016). Mutations in MDH1 can cause a form of early-onset epileptic encephalopathy (DEE82, MIM:618721; van Karnebeek et al. 2019).
Identifier: R-HSA-70596
Species: Homo sapiens
Compartment: mitochondrial matrix
Mitochondrial glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase 2 (aspartate aminotransferase 2 - GOT2) catalyzes the reversible reaction of aspartate (L-Asp) and 2-oxoglutarate (2OG, alpha-ketoglutarate) to form oxaloacetate (OA) and glutamate (L-Glu) (Martini et al. 1985). The active form of the enzyme is inferred to be a dimer with one molecule of pyridoxal phosphate associated with each monomer.
Identifier: R-HSA-9012597
Species: Homo sapiens
Compartment: mitochondrial matrix
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) produced endogenously has been established as the third gaseous signaling molecule, a smooth muscle relaxant and a neuroprotectant (Kimura 2011a, 2011b). Three human enzyme systems produce H2S in the brain, retina and vascular endothelial cells. 3-mercaptopyruvate sulphurtransferase (MPST, aka 3MST) in conjunction with cysteine (aspartate) aminotransferase (CAT, aka GOT2) is decribed here. The first step is the reversible transamination between L-cysteine (L-Cys) and 2-oxoglutarate (2OG, aka alpha-ketoglutarate) to form 3-methylpyruvate (3MPYR) and glutamate (Glu) catalysed by GOT2. Two forms of human aspartate aminotransferase (GOT) enzymes exist; cytosolic (GOT1) and mitochondrial (GOT2). Both are dimeric proteins requiring pyridoxal phosphate for activity. Human GOT2 (Zhou et al. 1998) possesses the same catalytic activity as its rat counterpart (Ubuka et al. 1978).
Identifier: R-HSA-6784393
Species: Homo sapiens
Compartment: mitochondrial matrix
GOT2 dimer transaminates 4-OH-L-glutamate (4-OH-L-Glu) and oxaloacetate (OA) to form 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate (HOG) and L-Asp. The ability of human GOT2 to catalyze this reaction has been inferred from studies of its rat homologue (Maitra & Dekker 1964).
Identifier: R-HSA-9012721
Species: Homo sapiens
Compartment: mitochondrial matrix
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) produced endogenously has been established as the third gaseous signaling molecule, a smooth muscle relaxant and a neuroprotectant (Kimura 2011a, 2011b). Three enzyme systems produce H2S in the brain, retina and vascular endothelial cells (Shibuya et al. 2009a, 2009b, Mikami et al. 2011). 3-mercaptopyruvate sulphurtransferase (MPST, aka 3MST) in conjunction with cysteine (aspartate) aminotransferase (CAT, aka GOT2) is decribed here. In the second step, 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MPST aka 3MST) mediates the transfer of a sulfur atom from 3-methylpryuvate (3MPYR) to hydrogensulfite (HSO3-) to form thiosulfate (S2O3(2-)) and pyruvate (PYR) (Yadav et al. 2013).
Identifier: R-HSA-9034756
Species: Homo sapiens
Compartment: mitochondrial matrix
Hydrogen polysulfides (H2Sn, where n>=2) are also endogenously produced by 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MPST aka 3MST) directly from 3-mercaptopyruvate (3MPYR) generated by cysteine (aspartate) aminotransferase (GOT2) (Kimura et al. 2013, Kimura et al. 2015, Koike et al. 2017). Where n=2, the H2S2 species is called hydrogen persulfide (aka disulfane). MPST can release either H2S or H2Sn depending on the interaction with thioredoxin. When there is strong interaction with thioredoxin, H2S is released. 3MST receives sulfur from 3MPYR to persulfurate (oxidise) cysteine-248 residue of its reaction centre.

H2S2 is the dominant form produced with H2S3 detected at lower concentrations in cells or tissues. Up to H2S35 may exist (Steudel 2003), but under physiological conditions, when n reaches 8, it forms a crown shape and precipitates. H2Sn activate transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channels (Kimura et al. 2013), facilitate translocation of nuclear factor like-2 (NRF2) to the nucleus by modifying its binding partner kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) (Koike et al. 2013), regulates the activity of the tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) (Greiner et al. 2013), and reduces blood pressure by activating protein kinase G1a (Stubbert et al. 2014). Another persulfurated molecule, cysteine persulfide, which may be involved in the regulation of cellular redox homeostasis, is also produced by MPST (Kimura et al. 2017).
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