Cytosolic glutathione peroxidase (GPX1) tetramer catalyzes the reaction of reduced glutathione and hydrogen peroxide to form reduced glutathione and water (Chu et al. 1993).
Glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) located in the mitochondrial matrix (Bera et al. 2014) uses glutathione to reduce hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to yield oxidized glutathione and water (Legault et al. 2000, Li et al. 2000, Faucher et al. 2003, Lu et al. 2012). As inferred from rat mitochondria, GPX1 is the major determinant of steady-state hydrogen peroxide levels (Antunes et al. 2002).
Glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) (Bryant et al. 1982, Sutherland et al. 2001), 2 (GPX2) (Chu et al. 1993), and 4 (Bryant et al. 1982, Sutherland et al. 2001) reduce 5-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HpETE) to 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) in the presence of glutathione (GSH). This reaction is inferred from the event in rabbit involving the protein GPX1 (Chiba et al. 1999).
Glutathione peroxidases (GPXs) in human platelets (either GPX1, GPX2, or GPX4 are present in the cytosol) are involved in reducing 15S-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15S-HpETE) to 15S-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15S-HETE) (Hill et al. 1989).
Glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) (Bryant et al. 1982, Sutherland et al. 2001), 2 (GPX2) (Chu et al. 1993), and 4 (Bryant et al. 1982, Sutherland et al. 2001) are involved in converting 12R-hydroperoxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (12R-HpETE) to 12R-hydro-eicosatetraenoic acid (12R-HETE).
Glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) (Bryant et al. 1982, Sutherland et al. 2001), 2 (GPX2) (Chu et al. 1993), and 4 (Bryant et al. 1982, Sutherland et al. 2001) are involved in converting 12S-hydroperoxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (12S-HpETE) to 12S-hydro-eicosatetraenoic acid (12S-HETE). GPXs are selenoenzymes that are responsible for reducing the cellular peroxide. Cellular GPXs compete with hepoxilins A3 (HXA3) synthase for 12S-HpETE as substrate either to produce 12S-HETE or to convert to HXA3, respectively.
GPX2 (located in the gastrointestinal tract, also called GSHPx-GI, GPX-GI, and GI-GPx), like glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1, ubiquitous), reduces one molecule of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with two molecules of glutathione to yield one molecule of oxidized glutathione (glutathione disulfide, GSSG) and two molecules of water (Chu et al. 1998).