Search results for MALT1
Showing 28 results out of 28
Reaction (28 results from a total of 28)
Identifier: R-HSA-5607736
Species:
Homo sapiens
Compartment:
plasma membrane,
cytosol
After binding BCL10, MALT1 also undergoes oligomerization. Like traditional caspases, MALT1 also becomes activated through the formation of oligomers. Once the CARD9-BCL10-MALT1 (CBM) signalosome is assembled, MALT1 functions as the effector protein and mediates activation of the IKK complex (McAllister-Lucas & Lucas 2008).
Identifier: R-HSA-2730899
Species:
Homo sapiens
Compartment:
plasma membrane,
cytosol
BCL10 and MALT1 proteins form high molecular weight oligomers and only these oligomeric forms can activate IKK in vitro (Sun et al. 2004). BCL10 proteins form homo-oligomers through CARD-CARD interactions whereas in MALT1 the tandem Ig-like domains naturally form oligomers with a tendency towards dimers and tetramers (Dong et al. 2006, Quiu & Dhe-Paganon 2011). These CBM oligomers provides the molecular platform, which can facilitate dimerization or serve as scaffolds on which proteases and kinases involved in NF-kB activation are assembled and activated.
Identifier: R-HSA-5607744
Species:
Homo sapiens
Compartment:
plasma membrane,
cytosol
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1 (MALT1) is the main downstream target of BCL10. MALT1 interacts directly with BCL10 and this interaction involves a short stretch of amino acids that follow the BCL10 CARD motif (amino acids 107–119 of human BCL10) and the two immunoglobulin-like domains of MALT1 (Uren et al. 2000, Lucas et al. 2001).
Identifier: R-HSA-202478
Species:
Homo sapiens
Compartment:
cytosol,
plasma membrane
Oligomerized Bcl10 facilitates the association with MALT1 to form the CBM signalosome. MALT1 possesses one death domain (DD) and 2 immunoglobulin-like domains (Ig-like) in its N-terminal region and a caspase like domain (CLD) in its C-terminal region. The region between amino acids 107 and 119 of Bcl10 bind to the two Ig-like domains of MALT1. After binding to CARMA1 and Bcl10 complex, MALT1 also undergoes oligomerization. Only the oligomerized forms of Bcl10 and MALT1 are capable of activating IKK.
Identifier: R-HSA-5607747
Species:
Homo sapiens
Compartment:
plasma membrane,
cytosol
TRAF6 (tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6) is a RING (really interesting new gene) domain ubiquitin (Ub) ligase that mediates NF-kB activation by regulating the ubiquitination of transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase (TAK1) and IkB kinase (IKK). TRAF6 has been implicated as downstream effector of MALT1. MALT1 binds to TRAF6 through two putative C-terminal TRAF6-binding motifs (Sun et al. 2004). Gorjestani et al. demonstrate that TRAF6 and TAK1 are required for C-type lectin receptor-induced NF-kB activation and play critical roles in anti-fungal innate immune responses (Gorjestani et al. 2012).
Identifier: R-HSA-2730864
Species:
Homo sapiens
Compartment:
plasma membrane,
cytosol
TRAF6 is a ubiquitin ligase that plays a central role in the IKK-dependent canonical NF-kB pathway. It is recruited to the CBM complex by binding to MALT1. The MALT1 C-terminal Ig domain and extension contain two binding motifs for TRAF6 (Noels et al 2007). After oligomerzation TRAF6, together with Ubc13/Uev1A, activates TAK1 and IKK. It also acts as an E3 ligase for MALT1 and mediates lysine 63-linked ubiquitination (Oeckinghaus et al. 2007).
Identifier: R-HSA-1168644
Species:
Homo sapiens
Compartment:
cytosol,
plasma membrane
CARMA1 is phosphorylated and recruits BCL10 and MALT1 to the plasma membrane to form the CBM complex (Sommer et al. 2005, Tanner et al. 2007). Evidence from T cells (Jurkat cells) indicates that MALT1 and BCL10 oligomerize to activate the IKK complex (Zhou 2004).
Identifier: R-HSA-2730836
Species:
Homo sapiens
Compartment:
cytosol,
plasma membrane
Phosphorylation of CARMA1 causes conformational change such that its CARD motif is exposed and is free to interact with BCL10 CARD motif. BCL10 constitutively associated with MALT1 and exists as a preformed complex in the cytoplasm. BCL10 and MALT1 have been identified as key positive regulators of FCERI-dependent NF-kB activation (Klemm et al. 2006). The resulting CARMA1-BCL10-MALT1 (CBM) complex may be stabilized by interactions between the CARMA1 coiled coil (CC) domain and a C-terminal MALT1 region that lacks the DD and first two Ig domains (Thome et al. 2010, Che et al. 2004). The CBM complex transmits activating signals that ultimately result in ubiquitination (Ub) and degradation of the NF-kB inhibitor, IkBa.
Identifier: R-HSA-1168637
Species:
Homo sapiens
Compartment:
cytosol,
plasma membrane
TAK1 and the IKK complex are observed to migrate from the cytosol to lipid rafts containing the CARMA1:BCL10:MALT1 (CBM) complex (Sommer et al. 2005, Shinohara et al. 2005 using chicken cells). By analogy with activation of NF-KappaB signaling in T cells, TAK1 in B cells may also be bound to TAB1 and TAB2 or TAB3, which bind K63-conjugated polyubiquitin on a TRAF protein bound to the CBM complex (reviewed in Shinohara et al. 2009).
Identifier: R-HSA-202394
Species:
Homo sapiens
Compartment:
cytosol,
plasma membrane
CARMA1 and Bcl10 are the possible link between PKC theta and IKK activation. PDK1 is also required for PKC theta mediated activation of IKK. CARMA1 has a N-terminal CARD motif, a coiled coiled region, a linker region, and a MAGUK-typical PDZ, SH3 and a GUK domains. The linker region is proposed to contain a hinge region and a CARD binding domain. CARMA1 exists in an inactive conformation in which the linker region binds to and blocks the accessibility of the CARD motif. CARMA1 is recruited to the plasma membrane by binding to the 'PxxP' motif of membrane bound PDK1 with its SH3 domain.
Identifier: R-HSA-202489
Species:
Homo sapiens
Compartment:
cytosol,
plasma membrane
Association with RIP2 and its phosphorylation allows subsequent trimerization of Bcl10.
Identifier: R-HSA-202443
Species:
Homo sapiens
Compartment:
plasma membrane,
cytosol
After the phosphorylation and activation CARMA1 undergoes oligomerization, likely through its CC domain. CARMA1 is thought to oligomerize first as a trimer which triggers downstream oligomerization cascade that is ultimately necessary for the subsequent activation of the IKK complex.
Identifier: R-HSA-202472
Species:
Homo sapiens
Compartment:
cytosol,
plasma membrane
TRAF6, which plays central role in innate immune responses, is implicated as proximal downstream effector of MALT1. TRAF6 is a member of the TRAF proteins. It contains an N-term RING domain, followed by several Zn finger domains and C-term MATH domain. The MALT1 oligomers bind to TRAF6, induce TRAF6 oligomerization and thereby activate the ubiquitin ligase activity of TRAF6 to polyubiquitinate itself and NEMO.
Identifier: R-HSA-5607751
Species:
Homo sapiens
Compartment:
plasma membrane,
cytosol
The MALT1 oligomers bound to TRAF6 induce TRAF6 oligomerization and activate TRAF6 E3 ubiquitin ligase activity (Sun et al. 2004).
Identifier: R-HSA-2730903
Species:
Homo sapiens
Compartment:
plasma membrane,
cytosol
BCL10-MALT1 oligomers bind to TRAF6 and this in turn promotes the oligomerization of TRAF6 and activates its E3 ligase activity (Sun et al. 2004).
Identifier: R-HSA-202466
Species:
Homo sapiens
Compartment:
cytosol,
plasma membrane
Bcl10 is recruited to activated, oligomeric CARMA1 through a CARD-CARD interaction. Bcl10 is characterized by an N-terminal CARD motif and a C-terminal extension of ~130 amino acids rich in serine and threonine residues that serve as targets for multiple phosphorylation events.
Identifier: R-HSA-202510
Species:
Homo sapiens
Compartment:
cytosol,
plasma membrane
Ubiquitinated TRAF6 recruits TAB2 and activates the TAB2-associated TAK1 kianse by promoting the autophosphorylation of TAK1. TAB2 contains an N-term pseudophosphatase domain, which is indispensable for TAK1 activation, and a C-term domain that binds to and activates TAK1. The activation of TAK1/TAB2 complex requires a ubiquitination reaction catalysed by E1, Ubc13/Uev1A (E2) and TRAF6 (E3). TAK1 undergoes autophosphorylation on residues T184 and T187 and gets activated. Activated TAK1 then phosphorylates and activates IKK beta.
Identifier: R-HSA-2730863
Species:
Homo sapiens
Compartment:
plasma membrane,
cytosol
CARMA1 (CARD11/Caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 11), BCL10 (B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 10) and MALT1 (Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1)/paracaspase have been identified as signaling components that act downstream of PKC-theta. CARMA1 is a scaffold protein and recruits BCL10, MALT1, PKC and TRAF6 to form a multi protein complex. CARMA1 exists in an inactive conformation in which the linker region binds to and blocks the accessibility of the CARD motif. Upon stimulation S552 and S645 linker residues are phosphorylated by PKC-theta and this may weaken this interaction, inducing an open conformation of CARMA1. Further phosphorylation studies have revealed other phosphorylation sites (S109, S551 and S555) that may also promote activation of CARMA1. Serene/threonine kinases PKC-beta, IKKbeta, HPK1 and CaMKII are involved in triggering CARMA1 activation (Thome et al. 2010, Rueda & Thome 2005). (only phosphorylated S552 and S645 are represented in this reaction)
Identifier: R-HSA-5660665
Species:
Homo sapiens
Compartment:
cytosol
After CLEC7A (dectin-1) triggering, MALT1 and caspase-8 associate to form BCL10-MALT1-Caspase-8 complex. MALT1 has a crucial dual role in the expression of IL1B by CLEC7A. It is involved in the transcription of IL1B by activating NF-kB and the other role in processing of pro-IL1B by mediating the formation and activation of a MALT1-caspase8-ASC (adaptor protein apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD) complex (Gringhuis et al. 2012). The paracaspase domain of MALT1, in a protease-independent manner, induces caspase-8 activation through direct association (Kawadler et al. 2008).
Identifier: R-HSA-5607737
Species:
Homo sapiens
Compartment:
plasma membrane,
cytosol
CARD interactions between CARD9 and BCL10 induce BCL10 oligomerization (through its CARD domain), required for oligomerization and activation of MALT1.
Identifier: R-HSA-5621347
Species:
Homo sapiens
Compartment:
plasma membrane
Tyrosine-phosphorylated Phospholipase C-gamma 2 (PLCG2) translocates from the cytosol to the plasma membrane. At the membrane PLCG2 is in close proximity to phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and its other substrates generating the second messengers IP3 and DAG (Rhee 2001). This leads to the activation of CARD9-BCL10-MALT1/NF-kB signaling.
Identifier: R-HSA-5607755
Species:
Homo sapiens
Compartment:
plasma membrane,
cytosol
Tyrosine-phosphorylated Phospholipase C-gamma 2 (PLCG2) translocates from the cytosol to the plasma membrane. At the membrane PLCG2 is in close proximity to phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and its other substrates generating the second messengers IP3 and DAG (Rhee 2001). This leads to the activation of CARD9-BCL10-MALT1/NF-kB signaling and stimulates calcineurin/NFAT signaling.
Identifier: R-HSA-5621366
Species:
Homo sapiens
Compartment:
plasma membrane,
cytosol
SYK is a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase related to ZAP70 that is expressed in all hematopoietic cells and coimmunoprecipitates with the gamma chain associated with FCGRIIIA in macrophages and with FCERI in mast cells. Tyrosine phosphorylation of the FCER1G ITAM recruits SYK and initiates a signaling cascade, leading to the activation of transcription factors such as NF-kB via CARD9-BCL10-MALT1 (Kerscher et al. 2013).
Identifier: R-HSA-5660662
Species:
Homo sapiens
Compartment:
cytosol
ASC (adaptor protein apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD) is a pro-apoptotic protein containing a pyrin domain (PD) and a caspase-recruitment domain (CARD). ASC with its PD domain physically interacts with caspase-8. Formation of the MALT1–caspase-8 complex is a prerequisite for the association of caspase-8 with ASC. ASC is necessary for the recruitment of pro-IL1B into the proximity of activated caspase-8 (Gringhuis et al. 2012).
Identifier: R-HSA-202459
Species:
Homo sapiens
Compartment:
cytosol,
plasma membrane
Upon interaction with CARMA1, Bcl10 undergoes phosphorylation and oligomerization. The oligomerized Bcl10 acts as a adaptor for the incoming MALT1 and TRAF6. Phosphorylation events of Bcl10 can both positively and negatively regulate the NF-kB pathway. Phosphorylation of Bcl10 that depends on the Ser/Thr kinase RIP2 and correlated with the physical association of Bcl10 with RIP2 has a activation effect on the NF-kB pathway. The target sites of RIP2-mediated phosphorylation has not yet been identified.
Identifier: R-HSA-1168641
Species:
Homo sapiens
Compartment:
plasma membrane,
cytosol
TAK1 phosphorylates IKK-beta (Wang et al. 2001). As inferred from chicken B cells, the reaction in human B cells may occur when TAK1 and the IKK complex are associated with the CARMA1:BCL10:MALT1 (CBM) complex. During T cell activation TAK1 forms a complex with TAB1 and TAB2, which binds K-63 conjugated polyubiquitin attached to TRAF6 associated with the CBM complex (Sun et al. 2004, reviewed in Shinohara et al. 2009). TRAF6 also polyubiquitinates IKK-gamma in T cells (Zhou et al. 2004). B cells contain functional TRAF6 and TRAF2 (Zhang et al. 2010) so the same mechanism may occur during activation of B cells.
Identifier: R-HSA-5607740
Species:
Homo sapiens
Compartment:
plasma membrane,
cytosol
Activation of NF-kB signaling is a critical event downstream of CLEC7A (Dectin-1), CLEC6A (Dectin-2) (Bi et al. 2010) and CLEC4E (Mincle) (Yamasaki et al. 2008), requiring the adapter protein Caspase recruitment domain (CARD)-containing protein 9 (CARD9) in dendritic cells and in macrophages (Gross et al. 2006, Hara et al. 2007). CARD9 is analogous to CARD-containing MAGUK protein 1 (CARMA1), which mediates T-cell receptor (TCR) activation of NF-kB in lymphocytes. CARD9 is downstream of SYK and becomes phosphorylated by PRKCD (Protein kinase C-delta) phosphorylates CARD9 on Thr-231 (T231), which is required for the signal-induced association of CARD9 with B-cell lymphoma 10 (BCL10) and Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue 1 (MALT1) and the subsequent recruitment of MAP3K transforming growth factor beta activated kinase 1 (TAK1), leading to activation of the NF-kB pathway (Strasser et al. 2012). A homozygous loss-of-function mutation in human CARD9 results in a premature termination codon (Gln295*). Patients with this mutation are highly susceptible to fungal infections (Glocker et al. 2009).
Identifier: R-HSA-5607734
Species:
Homo sapiens
Compartment:
plasma membrane,
cytosol
Protein kinase C-delta (PRKCD), activated upon CLEC7A (Dectin-1)-SYK signaling, phosphorylates CARD9 leading to NF-kB activation (Strasser et al. 2012) and complex formation between CARD9 and BCL10. CLEC6A (Dectin-2) and CLEC4E (Mincle) also induces intracellular signaling through PRKCD and CARD9-BCL10-MALT1 pathway. Similar to the CLEC7A responses, both CLEC6A and CLEC4E-induced interleukin 10 (IL10) and tumour necrotic factor (TNF) production were severely impaired in the absence of PRKCD (Strasser et al. 2012). PRKCD is a member of the Ca2+ independent and diacylglycerol (DAG) dependent novel PKC subfamily. PKC family members exist in an immature inactive conformation that requires post-translational modifications to achieve catalytic maturity. The catalytic maturation of PRKCD involves the auto-phosphorylation of Ser645 and the phosphorylation of Thr507 and Ser664 (Li et al. 1997, Keranen et al. 1995). These phosphorylations of activation loop residues act as a priming step that allows the catalytic maturation of PRKCD (Dutil et al. 1998). Fully phosphorylated and primed PRKCD localises to the cytosol with its pseudosubstrate occupying the substrate-binding cavity. Signals that cause the lipid hydrolysis recruit PKC to membranes. The C1 domain in PRKCD is a cysteine-rich compact structure, identified as the interaction site for DAG and phorbol ester. PRKCD preferentially translocates to the plasma membrane (Stahelin et al. 2004, Newton 2010).
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