Search results for TES

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Reaction (18 results from a total of 18)

Identifier: R-HSA-446372
Species: Homo sapiens
Compartment: cytosol
The association of PARVA with TESK1 appears to suppress cell spreading (Lalonde et al. 2005). TESK1 can phosphorylate cofilin and promote F-actin polymerization and cell spreading (Tsumura et al., 2005 ; Toshima et al., 2001; Leeksma et al., 2002). PARVA associates with testicular protein kinase 1 (TESK1) and inhibits its activity (Lalonde et al. 2005).
Identifier: R-HSA-211959
Species: Homo sapiens
Compartment: smooth endoplasmic reticulum
CYP3A43 belongs to the cytochrome P450 3A family, of which CYP3A4 is the most active member in the biotransformation of xenobiotics. Testosterone (TEST) metabolites are a major determinant of prostate growth and differentiation. CYP3A43, which is expressed in the prostate, exhibits minor 6-beta-hydroxylation activity towards TEST suggesting CYP3A43 may be involved in the etiology of prostate cancer (Domanski et al. 2001, Zeigler-Johnson et al. 2004).
Identifier: R-HSA-9690404
Species: Homo sapiens
Compartment: nucleoplasm
Subsequent to SRY expression in the gonadal ridge, the SOX9 gene is transcribed to yield mRNA and the mRNA is translated to yield SOX9 protein (Knower et al. 2011, Croft et al. 2018). SRY and NR5A1 (SF1) bound at the TES enhancer (Knower et al. 2011) and the eALDI enhancer (upstream of the TES enhancer, Croft et al. 2018) of the SOX9 gene initially activate transcription of SOX9 (Knower et al. 2011, Croft et al. 2018, and inferred from mouse homologs). Later, SOX9 and NR5A1 activate the TES enhancer, providing a mechanism for autoregulation (Knower et al. 2011). DMRT1, itself directly activated by SOX9, also directly activates SOX9 (inferred from mouse homologs). FGF9 acting through FGFR2 (inferred from mouse homologs) and Prostaglandin D2 (Malki et al. 2005), the product of PTGDS, activate SOX9 through less well characterized mechanisms.
Identifier: R-HSA-9705713
Species: Homo sapiens
Compartment: cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum membrane
The conversion of testosterone to the most potent androgen, 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHTEST), is catalyzed by microsomal 5alpha-steroid reductase 2, (SRD5A2) (Andersson et al. 1991). SRD5A2 is highly expressed in the prostate but also in other androgen target sites. Defects in SRD5A2 are the cause of pseudovaginal perineoscrotal hypospadias, also known as male pseudohermaphroditism (Anwar et al. 1997). Corticotropin (Adrenocorticotropic hormone, ACTH) acts through the ACTH receptor called melanocortin receptor type 2 (MC2R) to stimulate steroidogenesis, increasing the production of androgens (McKenna et al. 1997).
Identifier: R-HSA-9705714
Species: Homo sapiens
Compartment: cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum membrane
The conversion of testosterone (TEST) to the most potent androgen, 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHTEST), is catalyzed by microsomal 5alpha-steroid reductase 3 (SRD5A3) (Uemura et al. 2008). SRD5A3 is expressed in the prostate and other androgen target sites. Corticotropin (Adrenocorticotropic hormone, ACTH) acts through melanocortin receptor type 2 (MC2R) to stimulate steroidogenesis, increasing the production of androgens (McKenna et al. 1997).
Identifier: R-HSA-469659
Species: Homo sapiens
Compartment: cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum membrane
The conversion of testosterone to the most potent androgen, 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHTEST), is catalyzed by microsomal 5alpha-steroid reductase 1 (SRD5A1) (Andersson & Russell 1990). SRD5A1 is expressed in the prostate and other androgen target sites. Corticotropin (Adrenocorticotropic hormone, ACTH) acts through melanocortin receptor type 2 (MC2R) to stimulate steroidogenesis, increasing the production of androgens (McKenna et al. 1997).
Identifier: R-HSA-9692146
Species: Homo sapiens
Compartment: nucleoplasm, extracellular region
The DHH gene is transcribed to yield mRNA and the mRNA is translated to yield DHH protein (Rahmoun et al. 2017 and inferred from mouse homologs). Transcription of DHH is directly activated by SOX9 (inferred from mouse homologs). DHH is secreted from pre-Sertoli cells (Rahmoun et al. 2017 and inferred from mouse homologs) and acts via the PTCH1 receptor to regulate testis development.
Identifier: R-HSA-9692241
Species: Homo sapiens
Compartment: nucleoplasm
In the gonadal ridge (genital ridge), the SRY gene is transcribed to yield mRNA and the mRNA is translated to yield SRY protein (De Santa Barbara et al. 2001, Hossain end Saunders 2001, Miyamoto et al. 2008, also inferred from mouse homologs). Transcription of SRY is activated by WT1 (Hossain and Saunders 2001, Miyamoto et al. 2008), GATA4:ZFPM2 (also called GATA4:FOG2) (Miyamoto et al. 2008), and NR5A1 (also called SF1) (De Santa Barbara et al. 2001).
Identifier: R-HSA-9693009
Species: Homo sapiens
Compartment: nucleoplasm, extracellular region
In differentiating Sertoli cells of the testis, the AMH gene is transcribed to yield mRNA and the mRNA is translated to yield AMH protein (De Santa Barbara et al. 1998, Rahmoun et al. 2017, and inferred from mouse homologs). SOX9, NR5A1 (SF1), and GATA4 bind the promoter of the AMH gene and activate transcription (De Santa Barbara et al. 1998, Rahmoun et al. 2017, and inferred from mouse homologs). AMH is secreted and acts via the AMHR receptor to suppress formation of the Mullerian duct.
Identifier: R-HSA-9690877
Species: Homo sapiens
Compartment: nucleoplasm
In the gonadal ridge, the DMRT1 gene is transcribed to yield mRNA and the mRNA is translated to yield DMRT1 protein (Jørgensen et al. 2012, Rahmoun et al. 2017 and inferred from mouse homologs). SOX9 and GATA4 bind the promoter of the DMRT1 gene and activate transcription of DMRT1 (Rahmoun et al. 2017 and inferred from mouse homologs). DMRT1 is initially expressed in Sertoli cells at 8-20 weeks of gestation (Jørgensen et al. 2012). Expression then shifts to spermatogonial cells.
Identifier: R-HSA-9692129
Species: Homo sapiens
Compartment: nucleoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum membrane
In the developing testis, the PTGDS gene is transcribed to yield mRNA and the mRNA is translated to yield PTGDS protein (inferred from mouse homologs). Transcription of PTGDS is directly activated by SOX9 (inferred from mouse homologs).
Identifier: R-HSA-9692134
Species: Homo sapiens
Compartment: nucleoplasm, extracellular region
The FGF9 gene is transcribed to yield mRNA and the mRNA is translated to yield FGF9 protein (inferred from mouse homologs). In the developing testis, FGF9 transcription is activated by SOX9 (inferred from mouse homologs).
Identifier: R-HSA-193143
Species: Homo sapiens
Compartment: cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum membrane
The conversion of testosterone to estradiol is catalyzed by aromatase (CYP19A1) associated with the endoplasmic reticulum membrane.
Identifier: R-HSA-211882
Species: Homo sapiens
Compartment: endoplasmic reticulum membrane, endoplasmic reticulum lumen
CYP3A7 is only expressed in fetal liver and not in adults. It has lower biotransformation capability than other members of the CYP3A family such as 3A4 or 3A5 but possesses a similar broad specificity. CYP3A7 plays a major role in fetal steroid hydroxylation, an example being the 6beta-hydroxylation of testosterone.
Identifier: R-HSA-9665315
Species: Homo sapiens
Compartment: cytosol, plasma membrane
The following ERBB2 KD mutants are resistant to tesevatinib (EXEL-7647):
ERBB2 T733I (Trowe et al. 2008);
Identifier: R-HSA-193064
Species: Homo sapiens
Compartment: cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum membrane
The 17HSD family of enzymes catalyze the final step in the synthesis of estradiol and testosterone. They convert inactive 17-ketosteroids to their active 17beta-hydroxy forms. Androstenedione, a ketosteroid, is reduced to testosterone, a highly potent androgen, by the enzyme 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isoform III (17HSD3). The other human isoforms of 17HSDs to take part in the final steps of active steroid biosynthesis are types 1 and VII, which reduce estrone to estradiol.
Corticotropin (Adrenocorticotropic hormone, ACTH) acts through the ACTH receptor called melanocortin receptor type 2 (MC2R) to stimulate steroidogenesis, increasing the production of androgens (McKenna et al, 1997).
In males, Lutropin (LH) stimulates testosterone production. In females, lutropin (LH) can trigger ovulation.
Identifier: R-HSA-9690414
Species: Homo sapiens
Compartment: nucleoplasm
SRY and NR5A1 (SF1) bind several sites in the TES enhancer upstream of the SOX9 coding region (Knower et al. 2011) and the eALDI enhancer upstream of TES (Croft et al. 2018, and inferred from mouse homologs). SRY weakly enhances SOX9 expression only when NR5A1 is also bound to the TES enhancer (inferred from mouse homologs). SRY bound to eALDI more strongly activates SOX9 (Croft et al. 2018).
Identifier: R-HSA-9690395
Species: Homo sapiens
Compartment: nucleoplasm
SOX9 together with NR5A1 (SF1) binds the TES enhancer and other enhancers upstream of the SOX coding region (Croft et al. 2018 and inferred from mouse homologs) and thereby activates its own expression. As SRY expression decreases during testis differentiation, SOX9 and, later, DMRT1 become responsible for maintaining expression of SOX9.
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