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About
What is Reactome ?
News
Team
Scientific Advisory Board
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Release Calendar
Statistics
Our Logo
License Agreement
Privacy Notice
Disclaimer
Content
Table of Contents
DOIs
Data Schema
Reactome Research Spotlight
ORCID Integration Project
COVID-19 Disease Pathways
Docs
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How do I search ?
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Analysis Data
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Species Comparison
Tissue Distribution
Diseases
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Go!
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Stable Identifier
R-ALL-113529
Type
Chemical Compound [SimpleEntity]
Compartment
mitochondrial matrix
Synonyms
hydron
Icon
Locations in the PathwayBrowser
for Species:
Homo sapiens
Bos taurus
Caenorhabditis elegans
Canis familiaris
Danio rerio
Dictyostelium discoideum
Drosophila melanogaster
Gallus gallus
Mus musculus
Plasmodium falciparum
Rattus norvegicus
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Sus scrofa
Xenopus tropicalis
Expand all
Cellular responses to stimuli (Bos taurus)
Cellular responses to stress (Bos taurus)
Cellular response to chemical stress (Bos taurus)
Cytoprotection by HMOX1 (Bos taurus)
Electron transfer from reduced cytochrome c to molecular oxygen (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Detoxification of Reactive Oxygen Species (Bos taurus)
GSR catalyzes glutathione (oxidized) + NADPH + H+ => 2 glutathione (reduced) + NADP+ (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
SOD2 catalyzes 2H+ + 2O2.- => O2 + H2O2 (mitochondrial matrix) (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
TXNRD2 catalyzes the reduction of TXN2 by NADPH (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Gene expression (Transcription) (Bos taurus)
RNA Polymerase II Transcription (Bos taurus)
Generic Transcription Pathway (Bos taurus)
Transcriptional Regulation by TP53 (Bos taurus)
TP53 Regulates Metabolic Genes (Bos taurus)
Electron transfer from reduced cytochrome c to molecular oxygen (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism (Bos taurus)
Biological oxidations (Bos taurus)
Phase I - Functionalization of compounds (Bos taurus)
Cytochrome P450 - arranged by substrate type (Bos taurus)
Endogenous sterols (Bos taurus)
CYP11A1 cleaves 20a,22b-DHCHOL (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
CYP11B1 oxidises 11DCORT (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
CYP11B2 18-hydroxylates CORST to 18HCORST (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
CYP11B2 oxidises 11DCORST to CORST (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
CYP11B2 oxidises 18HCORST to ALDO (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
CYP27A1 27-hydroxylates CHOL (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Vitamins (Bos taurus)
CYP24A1 24-hydroxylates CTL (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Ethanol oxidation (Bos taurus)
ALDH1B1 tetramer oxidises CH3CHO to CH3COOH (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
acetaldehyde + NAD+ => acetate + NADH + H+ [mitochondrial] (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives (Bos taurus)
Aspartate and asparagine metabolism (Bos taurus)
SLC25A12,13 exchange cytosolic L-Glu for mitochondrial matrix L-Asp (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Branched-chain amino acid catabolism (Bos taurus)
alpha-methyl-beta-hydroxybutyryl-CoA + NAD+ <=> alpha-methylacetoacetyl-CoA + NADH + H+ (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
alpha-methylacetoacetyl-CoA + NADH + H+ <=> alpha-methyl-beta-hydroxybutyryl-CoA + NAD+ (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
beta-hydroxyisobutyrate + NAD+ <=> methylmalonyl semialdehyde + NADH + H+ (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
methylmalonate semialdehyde + NAD+ + CoA => propionyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH + H+ (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
methylmalonyl semialdehyde + NADH + H+ <=> beta-hydroxyisobutyrate + NAD+ (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Glutamate and glutamine metabolism (Bos taurus)
PYCR1 decamer reduces (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate to L-Pro (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
PYCR2 decamer reduces (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate to L-Pro (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
alpha-ketoglutarate + NH4+ + NAD(P)H + H+ <=> glutamate + NAD(P)+ [GLUD1] (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
glutamate + ATP + NADPH + H+ => L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde + NADP+ + ADP + orthophosphate [P5CS] (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
glutamate + NAD(P)+ => alpha-ketoglutarate + NH4+ + NAD(P)H + H+ [GLUD1] (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Glyoxylate metabolism and glycine degradation (Bos taurus)
ALDH4A1 dimer dehydrogenates 4-OH-L-glutamate semialdehyde to 4-OH-L-glutamate (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Glycine degradation (Bos taurus)
DLD dimer:2xFAD oxidises GCSH:DHLL to GCSH:lipoate (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Lysine catabolism (Bos taurus)
alpha-aminoadipoate semialdehyde + NAD+ => alpha-aminoadipate + NADH + H+ (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
lysine + alpha-ketoglutarate +NADPH + H+ => saccharopine + NADP+ + H2O (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
saccharopine + NAD+ + H2O => alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde + glutamate + NADH + H+ (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Proline catabolism (Bos taurus)
ALDH4A1 oxidises L-GluSS to Glu (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
PRODH oxidises L-Pro to 1PYR-5COOH (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Sulfur amino acid metabolism (Bos taurus)
Degradation of cysteine and homocysteine (Bos taurus)
Sulfide oxidation to sulfate (Bos taurus)
Persulfide sulfur is dioxygenated (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Thiosulfate can transfer its sulfur atom to glutathione (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism of carbohydrates (Bos taurus)
Glucose metabolism (Bos taurus)
Gluconeogenesis (Bos taurus)
MDH2 reduces OA to MAL (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
PC catalyzes the carboxylation of PYR to form OA (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
SLC25A12,13 exchange cytosolic L-Glu for mitochondrial matrix L-Asp (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism of lipids (Bos taurus)
Fatty acid metabolism (Bos taurus)
Fatty acyl-CoA biosynthesis (Bos taurus)
2xHSD17B8:2xCBR4 reduces 3OA-ACP to 3HA-ACP (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Beta-Oxidation (Bos taurus)
mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation of saturated fatty acids (Bos taurus)
Beta oxidation of butanoyl-CoA to acetyl-CoA (Bos taurus)
(S)-Hydroxybutanoyl-CoA+NAD<=>Acetoacetyl-CoA+NADH+H (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Beta oxidation of decanoyl-CoA to octanoyl-CoA-CoA (Bos taurus)
(S)-Hydroxydecanoyl-CoA+NAD<=>3-Oxodecanoyl-CoA+NADH+H (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
MECR dimer reduces tdec2-CoA to DEC-CoA (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Beta oxidation of hexanoyl-CoA to butanoyl-CoA (Bos taurus)
(S)-Hydroxyhexanoyl-CoA+NAD<=>3-Oxohexanoyl-CoA+NADH+H (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Beta oxidation of lauroyl-CoA to decanoyl-CoA-CoA (Bos taurus)
(S)-3-Hydroxydodecanoyl-CoA+NAD<=>3-Oxododecanoyl-CoA+NADH+H (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Beta oxidation of myristoyl-CoA to lauroyl-CoA (Bos taurus)
(S)-3-Hydroxytetradecanoyl-CoA+NAD<=>3-Oxotetradecanoyl-CoA+NADH+H (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Beta oxidation of octanoyl-CoA to hexanoyl-CoA (Bos taurus)
(S)-Hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA+NAD<=>3-Oxooctanoyl-CoA+NADH+H (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Beta oxidation of palmitoyl-CoA to myristoyl-CoA (Bos taurus)
(S)-3-Hydroxyhexadecanoyl-CoA+NAD<=>3-Oxopalmitoyl-CoA+NADH+H (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids (Bos taurus)
Reduction of 2-trans-4-cis-decadienoyl-CoA to form 3-trans-decenoyl-CoA (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Ketone body metabolism (Bos taurus)
Synthesis of Ketone Bodies (Bos taurus)
acetoacetic acid + NADH + H+ <=> beta-hydroxybutyrate + NAD+ (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Utilization of Ketone Bodies (Bos taurus)
D-beta hydroxybutyrate+NAD+ <=> acetoacetate+NADH+H+ (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism of steroids (Bos taurus)
Bile acid and bile salt metabolism (Bos taurus)
Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts (Bos taurus)
Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 24-hydroxycholesterol (Bos taurus)
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24(S)-tetrahydroxy-5beta-cholestan-27-al is oxidized to 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24(S)-tetrahydroxy-5beta-cholestanoate (TetraHCA) (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
3alpha,7alpha,24(S)-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-27-al is oxidized to 3alpha,7alpha,24(S)-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoate (3,7,24THCA) (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
5beta-cholestan-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24(S),27-pentol is oxidized to 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24(S)-tetrahydroxy-5beta-cholestan-27-al (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
5beta-cholestan-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24(S)-tetrol is hydroxylated to 5beta-cholestan-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24(S), 27-pentol (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
5beta-cholestan-3alpha,7alpha,24(S),27-tetrol is oxidized to 3alpha,7alpha,24(S)-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-27-al (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
CYP27A1 27-hydroxylates 5β-CHOL3α,7α,24(s)-triol (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 27-hydroxycholesterol (Bos taurus)
CYP27A1 27-hydroxylates CHOL (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 7alpha-hydroxycholesterol (Bos taurus)
3alpha, 7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-al is oxidized to 3alpha, 7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoate (DHCA) (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-27-al is oxidized to 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoate (THCA) (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
5beta-cholestan-3alpha, 7alpha, 26-triol is oxidized to 3alpha, 7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-al (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
5beta-cholestan-3alpha, 7alpha-diol is hydroxylated to 5beta-cholestan-3alpha, 7alpha, 26-triol (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
5beta-cholestan-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,27-tetrol is oxidized to 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-27-al (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
CYP27A1 27-hydroxylates 5bCHOL3a,7a,12a-triol (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism of steroid hormones (Bos taurus)
Estrogen biosynthesis (Bos taurus)
AKR1B15 reduces EST17b to E1 (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Glucocorticoid biosynthesis (Bos taurus)
CYP11B1 oxidises 11DCORT (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Mineralocorticoid biosynthesis (Bos taurus)
CYP11B2 18-hydroxylates CORST to 18HCORST (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
CYP11B2 oxidises 11DCORST to CORST (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
CYP11B2 oxidises 18HCORST to ALDO (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Pregnenolone biosynthesis (Bos taurus)
CYP11A1 cleaves 20a,22b-DHCHOL (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Oxidation of 22beta-hydroxycholesterol to 20alpha,22beta-hydroxycholesterol (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Oxidation of cholesterol to 22beta-hydroxycholesterol (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism of porphyrins (Bos taurus)
Heme biosynthesis (Bos taurus)
ALAS condenses SUCC-CoA and Gly to form dALA (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
FECH binds Fe2+ to PRIN9 to form heme (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism of vitamins and cofactors (Bos taurus)
Metabolism of cofactors (Bos taurus)
Ubiquinol biosynthesis (Bos taurus)
DHDB is methylated to MHDB by COQ3 (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
DeMQ10H2 is methylated to Q10H2 by COQ3 (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism of water-soluble vitamins and cofactors (Bos taurus)
Cobalamin (Cbl, vitamin B12) transport and metabolism (Bos taurus)
Cobalamin (Cbl) metabolism (Bos taurus)
MMAB adenosylates cob(I)alamin (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism of folate and pterines (Bos taurus)
ALDH1L2 dehydrogenates 10-formyl-THFPG to THFPG (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Nicotinate metabolism (Bos taurus)
NADK2 dimer phosphorylates NAD+ to NADP+ (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Nicotinamide salvaging (Bos taurus)
CARKD dehydrates S-NAD(P)HX to NADPH (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis (Bos taurus)
Electron transport from NADPH to Ferredoxin (Bos taurus)
FDXR transfers electrons to FDX1,2 (FDX1L) (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
NADPH transfers electrons to FDXR (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide (Bos taurus)
Carbonic anhydrase dehydrates bicarbonate (mitochondria) (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Carbonic anhydrase hydrates carbon dioxide (mitochondria) (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
The citric acid (TCA) cycle and respiratory electron transport (Bos taurus)
Pyruvate metabolism and Citric Acid (TCA) cycle (Bos taurus)
Citric acid cycle (TCA cycle) (Bos taurus)
(S)-Malate + NAD+ <=> Oxaloacetate + NADH + H+ (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
MDH2 reduces OA to MAL (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
ME2:Mg2+ tetramer oxidatively decarboxylates MAL to PYR (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
ME3:Mg2+ tetramer oxidatively decarboxylates MAL to PYR (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
NADPH + NAD+ + H+ [cytosol] => NADP+ + NADH + H+ [mitochondrial matrix] (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
isocitrate + NAD+ => alpha-ketoglutarate + CO2 + NADH + H+ [IDH3] (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
isocitrate + NADP+ => alpha-ketoglutarate + CO2 + NADPH + H+ [IDH2] (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Respiratory electron transport, ATP synthesis by chemiosmotic coupling, and heat production by uncoupling proteins. (Bos taurus)
Formation of ATP by chemiosmotic coupling (Bos taurus)
Enzyme-bound ATP is released (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Mitochondrial Uncoupling (Bos taurus)
The proton buffering model (Bos taurus)
Protons are translocated from the intermembrane space to the matrix (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Respiratory electron transport (Bos taurus)
Complex I oxidises NADH to NAD+, reduces CoQ to QH2 (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Electron transfer from reduced cytochrome c to molecular oxygen (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Electron transfer from ubiquinol to cytochrome c of complex III (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Muscle contraction (Bos taurus)
Smooth Muscle Contraction (Bos taurus)
ALDH2 transforms GTN to NO (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Neuronal System (Bos taurus)
Transmission across Chemical Synapses (Bos taurus)
Neurotransmitter clearance (Bos taurus)
Serotonin clearance from the synaptic cleft (Bos taurus)
Metabolism of serotonin (Bos taurus)
5-hydroxyindole acetaldehyde to 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Neurotransmitter release cycle (Bos taurus)
GABA synthesis, release, reuptake and degradation (Bos taurus)
Degradation of GABA (Bos taurus)
ALDH5A1 dehydrogenates SUCCSA to SUCCA (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Transport of small molecules (Bos taurus)
Ion channel transport (Bos taurus)
Stimuli-sensing channels (Bos taurus)
SLC9B2 exchanges Na+ for H+ (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Iron uptake and transport (Bos taurus)
FTMT 24mer oxidises 4Fe2+ to 4Fe(3+)O(OH) (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
SLC-mediated transmembrane transport (Bos taurus)
Transport of inorganic cations/anions and amino acids/oligopeptides (Bos taurus)
Organic anion transporters (Bos taurus)
SLC25A18,A22 cotransport Glu, H+ from cytosol to mitochondrial matrix (Bos taurus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Cellular responses to stimuli (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Cellular responses to stress (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Cellular response to chemical stress (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Detoxification of Reactive Oxygen Species (Caenorhabditis elegans)
GSR catalyzes glutathione (oxidized) + NADPH + H+ => 2 glutathione (reduced) + NADP+ (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
SOD2 catalyzes 2H+ + 2O2.- => O2 + H2O2 (mitochondrial matrix) (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
TXNRD2 catalyzes the reduction of TXN2 by NADPH (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Biological oxidations (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Phase I - Functionalization of compounds (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Cytochrome P450 - arranged by substrate type (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Vitamins (Caenorhabditis elegans)
CYP24A1 24-hydroxylates CTL (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Ethanol oxidation (Caenorhabditis elegans)
ALDH1B1 tetramer oxidises CH3CHO to CH3COOH (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
acetaldehyde + NAD+ => acetate + NADH + H+ [mitochondrial] (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Aspartate and asparagine metabolism (Caenorhabditis elegans)
SLC25A12,13 exchange cytosolic L-Glu for mitochondrial matrix L-Asp (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Branched-chain amino acid catabolism (Caenorhabditis elegans)
alpha-methyl-beta-hydroxybutyryl-CoA + NAD+ <=> alpha-methylacetoacetyl-CoA + NADH + H+ (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
alpha-methylacetoacetyl-CoA + NADH + H+ <=> alpha-methyl-beta-hydroxybutyryl-CoA + NAD+ (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
beta-hydroxyisobutyrate + NAD+ <=> methylmalonyl semialdehyde + NADH + H+ (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
methylmalonate semialdehyde + NAD+ + CoA => propionyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH + H+ (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
methylmalonyl semialdehyde + NADH + H+ <=> beta-hydroxyisobutyrate + NAD+ (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Glutamate and glutamine metabolism (Caenorhabditis elegans)
PYCR1 decamer reduces (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate to L-Pro (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
PYCR2 decamer reduces (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate to L-Pro (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
alpha-ketoglutarate + NH4+ + NAD(P)H + H+ <=> glutamate + NAD(P)+ [GLUD1] (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
glutamate + ATP + NADPH + H+ => L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde + NADP+ + ADP + orthophosphate [P5CS] (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
glutamate + NAD(P)+ => alpha-ketoglutarate + NH4+ + NAD(P)H + H+ [GLUD1] (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Glyoxylate metabolism and glycine degradation (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Glycine degradation (Caenorhabditis elegans)
DLD dimer:2xFAD oxidises GCSH:DHLL to GCSH:lipoate (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Lysine catabolism (Caenorhabditis elegans)
alpha-aminoadipoate semialdehyde + NAD+ => alpha-aminoadipate + NADH + H+ (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
lysine + alpha-ketoglutarate +NADPH + H+ => saccharopine + NADP+ + H2O (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
saccharopine + NAD+ + H2O => alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde + glutamate + NADH + H+ (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Proline catabolism (Caenorhabditis elegans)
PRODH oxidises L-Pro to 1PYR-5COOH (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Sulfur amino acid metabolism (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Degradation of cysteine and homocysteine (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Sulfide oxidation to sulfate (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Persulfide sulfur is dioxygenated (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism of carbohydrates (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Glucose metabolism (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Gluconeogenesis (Caenorhabditis elegans)
MDH2 reduces OA to MAL (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
PC catalyzes the carboxylation of PYR to form OA (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
SLC25A12,13 exchange cytosolic L-Glu for mitochondrial matrix L-Asp (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism of lipids (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Fatty acid metabolism (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Beta-Oxidation (Caenorhabditis elegans)
mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation of saturated fatty acids (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Beta oxidation of butanoyl-CoA to acetyl-CoA (Caenorhabditis elegans)
(S)-Hydroxybutanoyl-CoA+NAD<=>Acetoacetyl-CoA+NADH+H (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Beta oxidation of decanoyl-CoA to octanoyl-CoA-CoA (Caenorhabditis elegans)
(S)-Hydroxydecanoyl-CoA+NAD<=>3-Oxodecanoyl-CoA+NADH+H (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
MECR dimer reduces tdec2-CoA to DEC-CoA (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Beta oxidation of hexanoyl-CoA to butanoyl-CoA (Caenorhabditis elegans)
(S)-Hydroxyhexanoyl-CoA+NAD<=>3-Oxohexanoyl-CoA+NADH+H (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Beta oxidation of lauroyl-CoA to decanoyl-CoA-CoA (Caenorhabditis elegans)
(S)-3-Hydroxydodecanoyl-CoA+NAD<=>3-Oxododecanoyl-CoA+NADH+H (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Beta oxidation of myristoyl-CoA to lauroyl-CoA (Caenorhabditis elegans)
(S)-3-Hydroxytetradecanoyl-CoA+NAD<=>3-Oxotetradecanoyl-CoA+NADH+H (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Beta oxidation of octanoyl-CoA to hexanoyl-CoA (Caenorhabditis elegans)
(S)-Hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA+NAD<=>3-Oxooctanoyl-CoA+NADH+H (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Beta oxidation of palmitoyl-CoA to myristoyl-CoA (Caenorhabditis elegans)
(S)-3-Hydroxyhexadecanoyl-CoA+NAD<=>3-Oxopalmitoyl-CoA+NADH+H (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Reduction of 2-trans-4-cis-decadienoyl-CoA to form 3-trans-decenoyl-CoA (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism of steroids (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Metabolism of steroid hormones (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Estrogen biosynthesis (Caenorhabditis elegans)
AKR1B15 reduces EST17b to E1 (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism of porphyrins (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Heme biosynthesis (Caenorhabditis elegans)
FECH binds Fe2+ to PRIN9 to form heme (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism of vitamins and cofactors (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Metabolism of cofactors (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Ubiquinol biosynthesis (Caenorhabditis elegans)
DHDB is methylated to MHDB by COQ3 (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
DeMQ10H2 is methylated to Q10H2 by COQ3 (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism of water-soluble vitamins and cofactors (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Cobalamin (Cbl, vitamin B12) transport and metabolism (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Cobalamin (Cbl) metabolism (Caenorhabditis elegans)
MMAB adenosylates cob(I)alamin (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism of folate and pterines (Caenorhabditis elegans)
ALDH1L2 dehydrogenates 10-formyl-THFPG to THFPG (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Nicotinate metabolism (Caenorhabditis elegans)
NADK2 dimer phosphorylates NAD+ to NADP+ (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Nicotinamide salvaging (Caenorhabditis elegans)
CARKD dehydrates S-NAD(P)HX to NADPH (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Electron transport from NADPH to Ferredoxin (Caenorhabditis elegans)
FDXR transfers electrons to FDX1,2 (FDX1L) (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
NADPH transfers electrons to FDXR (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Carbonic anhydrase dehydrates bicarbonate (mitochondria) (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Carbonic anhydrase hydrates carbon dioxide (mitochondria) (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
The citric acid (TCA) cycle and respiratory electron transport (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Pyruvate metabolism and Citric Acid (TCA) cycle (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Citric acid cycle (TCA cycle) (Caenorhabditis elegans)
(S)-Malate + NAD+ <=> Oxaloacetate + NADH + H+ (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
MDH2 reduces OA to MAL (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
ME3:Mg2+ tetramer oxidatively decarboxylates MAL to PYR (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
NADPH + NAD+ + H+ [cytosol] => NADP+ + NADH + H+ [mitochondrial matrix] (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
isocitrate + NAD+ => alpha-ketoglutarate + CO2 + NADH + H+ [IDH3] (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
isocitrate + NADP+ => alpha-ketoglutarate + CO2 + NADPH + H+ [IDH2] (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Pyruvate metabolism (Caenorhabditis elegans)
LDHAL6B reduces PYR to LACT (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Respiratory electron transport, ATP synthesis by chemiosmotic coupling, and heat production by uncoupling proteins. (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Formation of ATP by chemiosmotic coupling (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Enzyme-bound ATP is released (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Mitochondrial Uncoupling (Caenorhabditis elegans)
The proton buffering model (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Protons are translocated from the intermembrane space to the matrix (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Respiratory electron transport (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Electron transfer from ubiquinol to cytochrome c of complex III (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Muscle contraction (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Smooth Muscle Contraction (Caenorhabditis elegans)
ALDH2 transforms GTN to NO (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Neuronal System (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Transmission across Chemical Synapses (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Neurotransmitter clearance (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Serotonin clearance from the synaptic cleft (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Metabolism of serotonin (Caenorhabditis elegans)
5-hydroxyindole acetaldehyde to 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Neurotransmitter release cycle (Caenorhabditis elegans)
GABA synthesis, release, reuptake and degradation (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Degradation of GABA (Caenorhabditis elegans)
ALDH5A1 dehydrogenates SUCCSA to SUCCA (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Transport of small molecules (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Ion channel transport (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Stimuli-sensing channels (Caenorhabditis elegans)
SLC9B2 exchanges Na+ for H+ (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Iron uptake and transport (Caenorhabditis elegans)
FTMT 24mer oxidises 4Fe2+ to 4Fe(3+)O(OH) (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
SLC-mediated transmembrane transport (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Transport of inorganic cations/anions and amino acids/oligopeptides (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Organic anion transporters (Caenorhabditis elegans)
SLC25A18,A22 cotransport Glu, H+ from cytosol to mitochondrial matrix (Caenorhabditis elegans)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Cellular responses to stimuli (Canis familiaris)
Cellular responses to stress (Canis familiaris)
Cellular response to chemical stress (Canis familiaris)
Cytoprotection by HMOX1 (Canis familiaris)
Electron transfer from reduced cytochrome c to molecular oxygen (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Detoxification of Reactive Oxygen Species (Canis familiaris)
GSR catalyzes glutathione (oxidized) + NADPH + H+ => 2 glutathione (reduced) + NADP+ (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
SOD2 catalyzes 2H+ + 2O2.- => O2 + H2O2 (mitochondrial matrix) (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
TXNRD2 catalyzes the reduction of TXN2 by NADPH (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Gene expression (Transcription) (Canis familiaris)
RNA Polymerase II Transcription (Canis familiaris)
Generic Transcription Pathway (Canis familiaris)
Transcriptional Regulation by TP53 (Canis familiaris)
TP53 Regulates Metabolic Genes (Canis familiaris)
Electron transfer from reduced cytochrome c to molecular oxygen (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism (Canis familiaris)
Biological oxidations (Canis familiaris)
Phase I - Functionalization of compounds (Canis familiaris)
Cytochrome P450 - arranged by substrate type (Canis familiaris)
Endogenous sterols (Canis familiaris)
CYP11A1 cleaves 20a,22b-DHCHOL (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
CYP11B1 oxidises 11DCORT (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
CYP11B2 18-hydroxylates CORST to 18HCORST (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
CYP11B2 oxidises 11DCORST to CORST (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
CYP11B2 oxidises 18HCORST to ALDO (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
CYP27A1 27-hydroxylates CHOL (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Vitamins (Canis familiaris)
CYP24A1 24-hydroxylates CTL (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Ethanol oxidation (Canis familiaris)
ALDH1B1 tetramer oxidises CH3CHO to CH3COOH (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
acetaldehyde + NAD+ => acetate + NADH + H+ [mitochondrial] (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives (Canis familiaris)
Aspartate and asparagine metabolism (Canis familiaris)
NAT8L transfers acetyl group from Ac-CoA to L-Asp, forming NAA (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
SLC25A12,13 exchange cytosolic L-Glu for mitochondrial matrix L-Asp (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Branched-chain amino acid catabolism (Canis familiaris)
alpha-methyl-beta-hydroxybutyryl-CoA + NAD+ <=> alpha-methylacetoacetyl-CoA + NADH + H+ (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
alpha-methylacetoacetyl-CoA + NADH + H+ <=> alpha-methyl-beta-hydroxybutyryl-CoA + NAD+ (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
beta-hydroxyisobutyrate + NAD+ <=> methylmalonyl semialdehyde + NADH + H+ (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
methylmalonate semialdehyde + NAD+ + CoA => propionyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH + H+ (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
methylmalonyl semialdehyde + NADH + H+ <=> beta-hydroxyisobutyrate + NAD+ (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Glutamate and glutamine metabolism (Canis familiaris)
PYCR1 decamer reduces (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate to L-Pro (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
PYCR2 decamer reduces (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate to L-Pro (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
alpha-ketoglutarate + NH4+ + NAD(P)H + H+ <=> glutamate + NAD(P)+ [GLUD1] (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
glutamate + ATP + NADPH + H+ => L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde + NADP+ + ADP + orthophosphate [P5CS] (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
glutamate + NAD(P)+ => alpha-ketoglutarate + NH4+ + NAD(P)H + H+ [GLUD1] (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Glyoxylate metabolism and glycine degradation (Canis familiaris)
ALDH4A1 dimer dehydrogenates 4-OH-L-glutamate semialdehyde to 4-OH-L-glutamate (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Glycine degradation (Canis familiaris)
DLD dimer:2xFAD oxidises GCSH:DHLL to GCSH:lipoate (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Lysine catabolism (Canis familiaris)
alpha-aminoadipoate semialdehyde + NAD+ => alpha-aminoadipate + NADH + H+ (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
lysine + alpha-ketoglutarate +NADPH + H+ => saccharopine + NADP+ + H2O (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
saccharopine + NAD+ + H2O => alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde + glutamate + NADH + H+ (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Proline catabolism (Canis familiaris)
ALDH4A1 oxidises L-GluSS to Glu (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
PRODH oxidises L-Pro to 1PYR-5COOH (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Sulfur amino acid metabolism (Canis familiaris)
Degradation of cysteine and homocysteine (Canis familiaris)
Sulfide oxidation to sulfate (Canis familiaris)
Persulfide sulfur is dioxygenated (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Thiosulfate can transfer its sulfur atom to glutathione (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism of carbohydrates (Canis familiaris)
Glucose metabolism (Canis familiaris)
Gluconeogenesis (Canis familiaris)
MDH2 reduces OA to MAL (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
PC catalyzes the carboxylation of PYR to form OA (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
SLC25A12,13 exchange cytosolic L-Glu for mitochondrial matrix L-Asp (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism of lipids (Canis familiaris)
Fatty acid metabolism (Canis familiaris)
Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Beta-Oxidation (Canis familiaris)
mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation of saturated fatty acids (Canis familiaris)
Beta oxidation of butanoyl-CoA to acetyl-CoA (Canis familiaris)
(S)-Hydroxybutanoyl-CoA+NAD<=>Acetoacetyl-CoA+NADH+H (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Beta oxidation of decanoyl-CoA to octanoyl-CoA-CoA (Canis familiaris)
(S)-Hydroxydecanoyl-CoA+NAD<=>3-Oxodecanoyl-CoA+NADH+H (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
MECR dimer reduces tdec2-CoA to DEC-CoA (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Beta oxidation of hexanoyl-CoA to butanoyl-CoA (Canis familiaris)
(S)-Hydroxyhexanoyl-CoA+NAD<=>3-Oxohexanoyl-CoA+NADH+H (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Beta oxidation of lauroyl-CoA to decanoyl-CoA-CoA (Canis familiaris)
(S)-3-Hydroxydodecanoyl-CoA+NAD<=>3-Oxododecanoyl-CoA+NADH+H (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Beta oxidation of myristoyl-CoA to lauroyl-CoA (Canis familiaris)
(S)-3-Hydroxytetradecanoyl-CoA+NAD<=>3-Oxotetradecanoyl-CoA+NADH+H (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Beta oxidation of octanoyl-CoA to hexanoyl-CoA (Canis familiaris)
(S)-Hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA+NAD<=>3-Oxooctanoyl-CoA+NADH+H (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Beta oxidation of palmitoyl-CoA to myristoyl-CoA (Canis familiaris)
(S)-3-Hydroxyhexadecanoyl-CoA+NAD<=>3-Oxopalmitoyl-CoA+NADH+H (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids (Canis familiaris)
Reduction of 2-trans-4-cis-decadienoyl-CoA to form 3-trans-decenoyl-CoA (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Ketone body metabolism (Canis familiaris)
Synthesis of Ketone Bodies (Canis familiaris)
acetoacetic acid + NADH + H+ <=> beta-hydroxybutyrate + NAD+ (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Utilization of Ketone Bodies (Canis familiaris)
D-beta hydroxybutyrate+NAD+ <=> acetoacetate+NADH+H+ (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism of steroids (Canis familiaris)
Bile acid and bile salt metabolism (Canis familiaris)
Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts (Canis familiaris)
Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 24-hydroxycholesterol (Canis familiaris)
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24(S)-tetrahydroxy-5beta-cholestan-27-al is oxidized to 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24(S)-tetrahydroxy-5beta-cholestanoate (TetraHCA) (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
3alpha,7alpha,24(S)-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-27-al is oxidized to 3alpha,7alpha,24(S)-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoate (3,7,24THCA) (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
5beta-cholestan-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24(S),27-pentol is oxidized to 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24(S)-tetrahydroxy-5beta-cholestan-27-al (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
5beta-cholestan-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24(S)-tetrol is hydroxylated to 5beta-cholestan-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24(S), 27-pentol (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
5beta-cholestan-3alpha,7alpha,24(S),27-tetrol is oxidized to 3alpha,7alpha,24(S)-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-27-al (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
CYP27A1 27-hydroxylates 5β-CHOL3α,7α,24(s)-triol (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 27-hydroxycholesterol (Canis familiaris)
CYP27A1 27-hydroxylates CHOL (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 7alpha-hydroxycholesterol (Canis familiaris)
3alpha, 7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-al is oxidized to 3alpha, 7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoate (DHCA) (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-27-al is oxidized to 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoate (THCA) (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
5beta-cholestan-3alpha, 7alpha, 26-triol is oxidized to 3alpha, 7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-al (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
5beta-cholestan-3alpha, 7alpha-diol is hydroxylated to 5beta-cholestan-3alpha, 7alpha, 26-triol (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
5beta-cholestan-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,27-tetrol is oxidized to 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-27-al (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
CYP27A1 27-hydroxylates 5bCHOL3a,7a,12a-triol (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism of steroid hormones (Canis familiaris)
Glucocorticoid biosynthesis (Canis familiaris)
CYP11B1 oxidises 11DCORT (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Mineralocorticoid biosynthesis (Canis familiaris)
CYP11B2 18-hydroxylates CORST to 18HCORST (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
CYP11B2 oxidises 11DCORST to CORST (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
CYP11B2 oxidises 18HCORST to ALDO (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Pregnenolone biosynthesis (Canis familiaris)
CYP11A1 cleaves 20a,22b-DHCHOL (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Oxidation of 22beta-hydroxycholesterol to 20alpha,22beta-hydroxycholesterol (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Oxidation of cholesterol to 22beta-hydroxycholesterol (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism of porphyrins (Canis familiaris)
Heme biosynthesis (Canis familiaris)
ALAS condenses SUCC-CoA and Gly to form dALA (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
FECH binds Fe2+ to PRIN9 to form heme (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism of vitamins and cofactors (Canis familiaris)
Metabolism of cofactors (Canis familiaris)
Ubiquinol biosynthesis (Canis familiaris)
DHDB is methylated to MHDB by COQ3 (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
DeMQ10H2 is methylated to Q10H2 by COQ3 (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism of water-soluble vitamins and cofactors (Canis familiaris)
Cobalamin (Cbl, vitamin B12) transport and metabolism (Canis familiaris)
Cobalamin (Cbl) metabolism (Canis familiaris)
MMAB adenosylates cob(I)alamin (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism of folate and pterines (Canis familiaris)
ALDH1L2 dehydrogenates 10-formyl-THFPG to THFPG (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Nicotinate metabolism (Canis familiaris)
NADK2 dimer phosphorylates NAD+ to NADP+ (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Nicotinamide salvaging (Canis familiaris)
CARKD dehydrates S-NAD(P)HX to NADPH (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis (Canis familiaris)
Electron transport from NADPH to Ferredoxin (Canis familiaris)
FDXR transfers electrons to FDX1,2 (FDX1L) (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
NADPH transfers electrons to FDXR (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide (Canis familiaris)
Carbonic anhydrase dehydrates bicarbonate (mitochondria) (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Carbonic anhydrase hydrates carbon dioxide (mitochondria) (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
The citric acid (TCA) cycle and respiratory electron transport (Canis familiaris)
Pyruvate metabolism and Citric Acid (TCA) cycle (Canis familiaris)
Citric acid cycle (TCA cycle) (Canis familiaris)
(S)-Malate + NAD+ <=> Oxaloacetate + NADH + H+ (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
MDH2 reduces OA to MAL (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
ME2:Mg2+ tetramer oxidatively decarboxylates MAL to PYR (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
ME3:Mg2+ tetramer oxidatively decarboxylates MAL to PYR (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
NADPH + NAD+ + H+ [cytosol] => NADP+ + NADH + H+ [mitochondrial matrix] (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
isocitrate + NAD+ => alpha-ketoglutarate + CO2 + NADH + H+ [IDH3] (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
isocitrate + NADP+ => alpha-ketoglutarate + CO2 + NADPH + H+ [IDH2] (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Respiratory electron transport, ATP synthesis by chemiosmotic coupling, and heat production by uncoupling proteins. (Canis familiaris)
Formation of ATP by chemiosmotic coupling (Canis familiaris)
Enzyme-bound ATP is released (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Mitochondrial Uncoupling (Canis familiaris)
The proton buffering model (Canis familiaris)
Protons are translocated from the intermembrane space to the matrix (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Respiratory electron transport (Canis familiaris)
Complex I oxidises NADH to NAD+, reduces CoQ to QH2 (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Electron transfer from reduced cytochrome c to molecular oxygen (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Electron transfer from ubiquinol to cytochrome c of complex III (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Muscle contraction (Canis familiaris)
Smooth Muscle Contraction (Canis familiaris)
ALDH2 transforms GTN to NO (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Neuronal System (Canis familiaris)
Transmission across Chemical Synapses (Canis familiaris)
Neurotransmitter clearance (Canis familiaris)
Serotonin clearance from the synaptic cleft (Canis familiaris)
Metabolism of serotonin (Canis familiaris)
5-hydroxyindole acetaldehyde to 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Neurotransmitter release cycle (Canis familiaris)
GABA synthesis, release, reuptake and degradation (Canis familiaris)
Degradation of GABA (Canis familiaris)
ALDH5A1 dehydrogenates SUCCSA to SUCCA (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Transport of small molecules (Canis familiaris)
Ion channel transport (Canis familiaris)
Stimuli-sensing channels (Canis familiaris)
SLC9B2 exchanges Na+ for H+ (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Iron uptake and transport (Canis familiaris)
FTMT 24mer oxidises 4Fe2+ to 4Fe(3+)O(OH) (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
SLC-mediated transmembrane transport (Canis familiaris)
Transport of inorganic cations/anions and amino acids/oligopeptides (Canis familiaris)
Organic anion transporters (Canis familiaris)
SLC25A18,A22 cotransport Glu, H+ from cytosol to mitochondrial matrix (Canis familiaris)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Cellular responses to stimuli (Danio rerio)
Cellular responses to stress (Danio rerio)
Cellular response to chemical stress (Danio rerio)
Cytoprotection by HMOX1 (Danio rerio)
Electron transfer from reduced cytochrome c to molecular oxygen (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Detoxification of Reactive Oxygen Species (Danio rerio)
GSR catalyzes glutathione (oxidized) + NADPH + H+ => 2 glutathione (reduced) + NADP+ (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
SOD2 catalyzes 2H+ + 2O2.- => O2 + H2O2 (mitochondrial matrix) (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
TXNRD2 catalyzes the reduction of TXN2 by NADPH (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Gene expression (Transcription) (Danio rerio)
RNA Polymerase II Transcription (Danio rerio)
Generic Transcription Pathway (Danio rerio)
Transcriptional Regulation by TP53 (Danio rerio)
TP53 Regulates Metabolic Genes (Danio rerio)
Electron transfer from reduced cytochrome c to molecular oxygen (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism (Danio rerio)
Biological oxidations (Danio rerio)
Phase I - Functionalization of compounds (Danio rerio)
Cytochrome P450 - arranged by substrate type (Danio rerio)
Endogenous sterols (Danio rerio)
CYP11A1 cleaves 20a,22b-DHCHOL (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
CYP11B1 oxidises 11DCORT (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
CYP11B2 18-hydroxylates CORST to 18HCORST (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
CYP11B2 oxidises 11DCORST to CORST (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
CYP11B2 oxidises 18HCORST to ALDO (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
CYP27A1 27-hydroxylates CHOL (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Vitamins (Danio rerio)
CYP24A1 24-hydroxylates CTL (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Ethanol oxidation (Danio rerio)
ALDH1B1 tetramer oxidises CH3CHO to CH3COOH (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
acetaldehyde + NAD+ => acetate + NADH + H+ [mitochondrial] (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives (Danio rerio)
Aspartate and asparagine metabolism (Danio rerio)
NAT8L transfers acetyl group from Ac-CoA to L-Asp, forming NAA (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
SLC25A12,13 exchange cytosolic L-Glu for mitochondrial matrix L-Asp (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Branched-chain amino acid catabolism (Danio rerio)
alpha-methyl-beta-hydroxybutyryl-CoA + NAD+ <=> alpha-methylacetoacetyl-CoA + NADH + H+ (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
alpha-methylacetoacetyl-CoA + NADH + H+ <=> alpha-methyl-beta-hydroxybutyryl-CoA + NAD+ (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
beta-hydroxyisobutyrate + NAD+ <=> methylmalonyl semialdehyde + NADH + H+ (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
methylmalonate semialdehyde + NAD+ + CoA => propionyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH + H+ (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
methylmalonyl semialdehyde + NADH + H+ <=> beta-hydroxyisobutyrate + NAD+ (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Glutamate and glutamine metabolism (Danio rerio)
PYCR1 decamer reduces (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate to L-Pro (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
PYCR2 decamer reduces (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate to L-Pro (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
alpha-ketoglutarate + NH4+ + NAD(P)H + H+ <=> glutamate + NAD(P)+ [GLUD1] (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
glutamate + ATP + NADPH + H+ => L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde + NADP+ + ADP + orthophosphate [P5CS] (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
glutamate + NAD(P)+ => alpha-ketoglutarate + NH4+ + NAD(P)H + H+ [GLUD1] (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Glyoxylate metabolism and glycine degradation (Danio rerio)
ALDH4A1 dimer dehydrogenates 4-OH-L-glutamate semialdehyde to 4-OH-L-glutamate (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Glycine degradation (Danio rerio)
DLD dimer:2xFAD oxidises GCSH:DHLL to GCSH:lipoate (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Lysine catabolism (Danio rerio)
alpha-aminoadipoate semialdehyde + NAD+ => alpha-aminoadipate + NADH + H+ (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
lysine + alpha-ketoglutarate +NADPH + H+ => saccharopine + NADP+ + H2O (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
saccharopine + NAD+ + H2O => alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde + glutamate + NADH + H+ (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Proline catabolism (Danio rerio)
ALDH4A1 oxidises L-GluSS to Glu (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
PRODH oxidises L-Pro to 1PYR-5COOH (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Sulfur amino acid metabolism (Danio rerio)
Degradation of cysteine and homocysteine (Danio rerio)
Sulfide oxidation to sulfate (Danio rerio)
Persulfide sulfur is dioxygenated (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism of carbohydrates (Danio rerio)
Glucose metabolism (Danio rerio)
Gluconeogenesis (Danio rerio)
MDH2 reduces OA to MAL (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
PC catalyzes the carboxylation of PYR to form OA (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
SLC25A12,13 exchange cytosolic L-Glu for mitochondrial matrix L-Asp (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism of lipids (Danio rerio)
Fatty acid metabolism (Danio rerio)
Fatty acyl-CoA biosynthesis (Danio rerio)
2xHSD17B8:2xCBR4 reduces 3OA-ACP to 3HA-ACP (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Beta-Oxidation (Danio rerio)
mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation of saturated fatty acids (Danio rerio)
Beta oxidation of butanoyl-CoA to acetyl-CoA (Danio rerio)
(S)-Hydroxybutanoyl-CoA+NAD<=>Acetoacetyl-CoA+NADH+H (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Beta oxidation of decanoyl-CoA to octanoyl-CoA-CoA (Danio rerio)
(S)-Hydroxydecanoyl-CoA+NAD<=>3-Oxodecanoyl-CoA+NADH+H (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
MECR dimer reduces tdec2-CoA to DEC-CoA (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Beta oxidation of hexanoyl-CoA to butanoyl-CoA (Danio rerio)
(S)-Hydroxyhexanoyl-CoA+NAD<=>3-Oxohexanoyl-CoA+NADH+H (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Beta oxidation of lauroyl-CoA to decanoyl-CoA-CoA (Danio rerio)
(S)-3-Hydroxydodecanoyl-CoA+NAD<=>3-Oxododecanoyl-CoA+NADH+H (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Beta oxidation of myristoyl-CoA to lauroyl-CoA (Danio rerio)
(S)-3-Hydroxytetradecanoyl-CoA+NAD<=>3-Oxotetradecanoyl-CoA+NADH+H (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Beta oxidation of octanoyl-CoA to hexanoyl-CoA (Danio rerio)
(S)-Hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA+NAD<=>3-Oxooctanoyl-CoA+NADH+H (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Beta oxidation of palmitoyl-CoA to myristoyl-CoA (Danio rerio)
(S)-3-Hydroxyhexadecanoyl-CoA+NAD<=>3-Oxopalmitoyl-CoA+NADH+H (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids (Danio rerio)
Reduction of 2-trans-4-cis-decadienoyl-CoA to form 3-trans-decenoyl-CoA (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Ketone body metabolism (Danio rerio)
Synthesis of Ketone Bodies (Danio rerio)
acetoacetic acid + NADH + H+ <=> beta-hydroxybutyrate + NAD+ (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Utilization of Ketone Bodies (Danio rerio)
D-beta hydroxybutyrate+NAD+ <=> acetoacetate+NADH+H+ (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism of steroids (Danio rerio)
Bile acid and bile salt metabolism (Danio rerio)
Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts (Danio rerio)
Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 24-hydroxycholesterol (Danio rerio)
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24(S)-tetrahydroxy-5beta-cholestan-27-al is oxidized to 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24(S)-tetrahydroxy-5beta-cholestanoate (TetraHCA) (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
3alpha,7alpha,24(S)-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-27-al is oxidized to 3alpha,7alpha,24(S)-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoate (3,7,24THCA) (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
5beta-cholestan-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24(S),27-pentol is oxidized to 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24(S)-tetrahydroxy-5beta-cholestan-27-al (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
5beta-cholestan-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24(S)-tetrol is hydroxylated to 5beta-cholestan-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24(S), 27-pentol (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
5beta-cholestan-3alpha,7alpha,24(S),27-tetrol is oxidized to 3alpha,7alpha,24(S)-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-27-al (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
CYP27A1 27-hydroxylates 5β-CHOL3α,7α,24(s)-triol (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 27-hydroxycholesterol (Danio rerio)
CYP27A1 27-hydroxylates CHOL (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 7alpha-hydroxycholesterol (Danio rerio)
3alpha, 7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-al is oxidized to 3alpha, 7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoate (DHCA) (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-27-al is oxidized to 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoate (THCA) (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
5beta-cholestan-3alpha, 7alpha, 26-triol is oxidized to 3alpha, 7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-al (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
5beta-cholestan-3alpha, 7alpha-diol is hydroxylated to 5beta-cholestan-3alpha, 7alpha, 26-triol (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
5beta-cholestan-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,27-tetrol is oxidized to 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-27-al (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
CYP27A1 27-hydroxylates 5bCHOL3a,7a,12a-triol (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism of steroid hormones (Danio rerio)
Estrogen biosynthesis (Danio rerio)
AKR1B15 reduces EST17b to E1 (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Glucocorticoid biosynthesis (Danio rerio)
CYP11B1 oxidises 11DCORT (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Mineralocorticoid biosynthesis (Danio rerio)
CYP11B2 18-hydroxylates CORST to 18HCORST (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
CYP11B2 oxidises 11DCORST to CORST (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
CYP11B2 oxidises 18HCORST to ALDO (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Pregnenolone biosynthesis (Danio rerio)
CYP11A1 cleaves 20a,22b-DHCHOL (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Oxidation of 22beta-hydroxycholesterol to 20alpha,22beta-hydroxycholesterol (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Oxidation of cholesterol to 22beta-hydroxycholesterol (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism of porphyrins (Danio rerio)
Heme biosynthesis (Danio rerio)
ALAS condenses SUCC-CoA and Gly to form dALA (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
FECH binds Fe2+ to PRIN9 to form heme (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism of vitamins and cofactors (Danio rerio)
Metabolism of cofactors (Danio rerio)
Ubiquinol biosynthesis (Danio rerio)
DHDB is methylated to MHDB by COQ3 (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
DeMQ10H2 is methylated to Q10H2 by COQ3 (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism of water-soluble vitamins and cofactors (Danio rerio)
Cobalamin (Cbl, vitamin B12) transport and metabolism (Danio rerio)
Cobalamin (Cbl) metabolism (Danio rerio)
MMAB adenosylates cob(I)alamin (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism of folate and pterines (Danio rerio)
ALDH1L2 dehydrogenates 10-formyl-THFPG to THFPG (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Nicotinate metabolism (Danio rerio)
NADK2 dimer phosphorylates NAD+ to NADP+ (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Nicotinamide salvaging (Danio rerio)
CARKD dehydrates S-NAD(P)HX to NADPH (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis (Danio rerio)
Electron transport from NADPH to Ferredoxin (Danio rerio)
FDXR transfers electrons to FDX1,2 (FDX1L) (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
NADPH transfers electrons to FDXR (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide (Danio rerio)
Carbonic anhydrase dehydrates bicarbonate (mitochondria) (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Carbonic anhydrase hydrates carbon dioxide (mitochondria) (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
The citric acid (TCA) cycle and respiratory electron transport (Danio rerio)
Pyruvate metabolism and Citric Acid (TCA) cycle (Danio rerio)
Citric acid cycle (TCA cycle) (Danio rerio)
(S)-Malate + NAD+ <=> Oxaloacetate + NADH + H+ (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
MDH2 reduces OA to MAL (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
ME2:Mg2+ tetramer oxidatively decarboxylates MAL to PYR (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
ME3:Mg2+ tetramer oxidatively decarboxylates MAL to PYR (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
NADPH + NAD+ + H+ [cytosol] => NADP+ + NADH + H+ [mitochondrial matrix] (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
isocitrate + NAD+ => alpha-ketoglutarate + CO2 + NADH + H+ [IDH3] (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Pyruvate metabolism (Danio rerio)
LDHAL6B reduces PYR to LACT (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Respiratory electron transport, ATP synthesis by chemiosmotic coupling, and heat production by uncoupling proteins. (Danio rerio)
Formation of ATP by chemiosmotic coupling (Danio rerio)
Enzyme-bound ATP is released (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Mitochondrial Uncoupling (Danio rerio)
The proton buffering model (Danio rerio)
Protons are translocated from the intermembrane space to the matrix (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Respiratory electron transport (Danio rerio)
Complex I oxidises NADH to NAD+, reduces CoQ to QH2 (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Electron transfer from reduced cytochrome c to molecular oxygen (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Electron transfer from ubiquinol to cytochrome c of complex III (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Muscle contraction (Danio rerio)
Smooth Muscle Contraction (Danio rerio)
ALDH2 transforms GTN to NO (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Neuronal System (Danio rerio)
Transmission across Chemical Synapses (Danio rerio)
Neurotransmitter clearance (Danio rerio)
Serotonin clearance from the synaptic cleft (Danio rerio)
Metabolism of serotonin (Danio rerio)
5-hydroxyindole acetaldehyde to 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Neurotransmitter release cycle (Danio rerio)
GABA synthesis, release, reuptake and degradation (Danio rerio)
Degradation of GABA (Danio rerio)
ALDH5A1 dehydrogenates SUCCSA to SUCCA (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Transport of small molecules (Danio rerio)
Ion channel transport (Danio rerio)
Stimuli-sensing channels (Danio rerio)
SLC9B2 exchanges Na+ for H+ (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Iron uptake and transport (Danio rerio)
FTMT 24mer oxidises 4Fe2+ to 4Fe(3+)O(OH) (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
SLC-mediated transmembrane transport (Danio rerio)
Transport of inorganic cations/anions and amino acids/oligopeptides (Danio rerio)
Organic anion transporters (Danio rerio)
SLC25A18,A22 cotransport Glu, H+ from cytosol to mitochondrial matrix (Danio rerio)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Cellular responses to stimuli (Dictyostelium discoideum)
Cellular responses to stress (Dictyostelium discoideum)
Cellular response to chemical stress (Dictyostelium discoideum)
Detoxification of Reactive Oxygen Species (Dictyostelium discoideum)
GSR catalyzes glutathione (oxidized) + NADPH + H+ => 2 glutathione (reduced) + NADP+ (Dictyostelium discoideum)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
SOD2 catalyzes 2H+ + 2O2.- => O2 + H2O2 (mitochondrial matrix) (Dictyostelium discoideum)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism (Dictyostelium discoideum)
Biological oxidations (Dictyostelium discoideum)
Phase I - Functionalization of compounds (Dictyostelium discoideum)
Ethanol oxidation (Dictyostelium discoideum)
ALDH1B1 tetramer oxidises CH3CHO to CH3COOH (Dictyostelium discoideum)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
acetaldehyde + NAD+ => acetate + NADH + H+ [mitochondrial] (Dictyostelium discoideum)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives (Dictyostelium discoideum)
Aspartate and asparagine metabolism (Dictyostelium discoideum)
NAT8L transfers acetyl group from Ac-CoA to L-Asp, forming NAA (Dictyostelium discoideum)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
SLC25A12,13 exchange cytosolic L-Glu for mitochondrial matrix L-Asp (Dictyostelium discoideum)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Branched-chain amino acid catabolism (Dictyostelium discoideum)
alpha-methyl-beta-hydroxybutyryl-CoA + NAD+ <=> alpha-methylacetoacetyl-CoA + NADH + H+ (Dictyostelium discoideum)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
alpha-methylacetoacetyl-CoA + NADH + H+ <=> alpha-methyl-beta-hydroxybutyryl-CoA + NAD+ (Dictyostelium discoideum)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
beta-hydroxyisobutyrate + NAD+ <=> methylmalonyl semialdehyde + NADH + H+ (Dictyostelium discoideum)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
methylmalonate semialdehyde + NAD+ + CoA => propionyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH + H+ (Dictyostelium discoideum)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
methylmalonyl semialdehyde + NADH + H+ <=> beta-hydroxyisobutyrate + NAD+ (Dictyostelium discoideum)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Glutamate and glutamine metabolism (Dictyostelium discoideum)
PYCR1 decamer reduces (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate to L-Pro (Dictyostelium discoideum)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
PYCR2 decamer reduces (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate to L-Pro (Dictyostelium discoideum)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
alpha-ketoglutarate + NH4+ + NAD(P)H + H+ <=> glutamate + NAD(P)+ [GLUD1] (Dictyostelium discoideum)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
glutamate + NAD(P)+ => alpha-ketoglutarate + NH4+ + NAD(P)H + H+ [GLUD1] (Dictyostelium discoideum)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Glyoxylate metabolism and glycine degradation (Dictyostelium discoideum)
Glycine degradation (Dictyostelium discoideum)
DLD dimer:2xFAD oxidises GCSH:DHLL to GCSH:lipoate (Dictyostelium discoideum)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Lysine catabolism (Dictyostelium discoideum)
alpha-aminoadipoate semialdehyde + NAD+ => alpha-aminoadipate + NADH + H+ (Dictyostelium discoideum)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
lysine + alpha-ketoglutarate +NADPH + H+ => saccharopine + NADP+ + H2O (Dictyostelium discoideum)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
saccharopine + NAD+ + H2O => alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde + glutamate + NADH + H+ (Dictyostelium discoideum)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Proline catabolism (Dictyostelium discoideum)
PRODH oxidises L-Pro to 1PYR-5COOH (Dictyostelium discoideum)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism of carbohydrates (Dictyostelium discoideum)
Glucose metabolism (Dictyostelium discoideum)
Gluconeogenesis (Dictyostelium discoideum)
SLC25A12,13 exchange cytosolic L-Glu for mitochondrial matrix L-Asp (Dictyostelium discoideum)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism of lipids (Dictyostelium discoideum)
Fatty acid metabolism (Dictyostelium discoideum)
Fatty acyl-CoA biosynthesis (Dictyostelium discoideum)
2xHSD17B8:2xCBR4 reduces 3OA-ACP to 3HA-ACP (Dictyostelium discoideum)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Beta-Oxidation (Dictyostelium discoideum)
mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation of saturated fatty acids (Dictyostelium discoideum)
Beta oxidation of decanoyl-CoA to octanoyl-CoA-CoA (Dictyostelium discoideum)
MECR dimer reduces tdec2-CoA to DEC-CoA (Dictyostelium discoideum)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism of steroids (Dictyostelium discoideum)
Metabolism of steroid hormones (Dictyostelium discoideum)
Estrogen biosynthesis (Dictyostelium discoideum)
AKR1B15 reduces EST17b to E1 (Dictyostelium discoideum)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism of porphyrins (Dictyostelium discoideum)
Heme biosynthesis (Dictyostelium discoideum)
ALAS condenses SUCC-CoA and Gly to form dALA (Dictyostelium discoideum)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
FECH binds Fe2+ to PRIN9 to form heme (Dictyostelium discoideum)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism of vitamins and cofactors (Dictyostelium discoideum)
Metabolism of cofactors (Dictyostelium discoideum)
Ubiquinol biosynthesis (Dictyostelium discoideum)
DHDB is methylated to MHDB by COQ3 (Dictyostelium discoideum)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
DeMQ10H2 is methylated to Q10H2 by COQ3 (Dictyostelium discoideum)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism of water-soluble vitamins and cofactors (Dictyostelium discoideum)
Cobalamin (Cbl, vitamin B12) transport and metabolism (Dictyostelium discoideum)
Cobalamin (Cbl) metabolism (Dictyostelium discoideum)
MMAB adenosylates cob(I)alamin (Dictyostelium discoideum)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Nicotinate metabolism (Dictyostelium discoideum)
Nicotinamide salvaging (Dictyostelium discoideum)
CARKD dehydrates S-NAD(P)HX to NADPH (Dictyostelium discoideum)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis (Dictyostelium discoideum)
Electron transport from NADPH to Ferredoxin (Dictyostelium discoideum)
FDXR transfers electrons to FDX1,2 (FDX1L) (Dictyostelium discoideum)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
NADPH transfers electrons to FDXR (Dictyostelium discoideum)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
The citric acid (TCA) cycle and respiratory electron transport (Dictyostelium discoideum)
Pyruvate metabolism and Citric Acid (TCA) cycle (Dictyostelium discoideum)
Citric acid cycle (TCA cycle) (Dictyostelium discoideum)
NADPH + NAD+ + H+ [cytosol] => NADP+ + NADH + H+ [mitochondrial matrix] (Dictyostelium discoideum)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
isocitrate + NAD+ => alpha-ketoglutarate + CO2 + NADH + H+ [IDH3] (Dictyostelium discoideum)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Respiratory electron transport, ATP synthesis by chemiosmotic coupling, and heat production by uncoupling proteins. (Dictyostelium discoideum)
Respiratory electron transport (Dictyostelium discoideum)
Electron transfer from ubiquinol to cytochrome c of complex III (Dictyostelium discoideum)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Muscle contraction (Dictyostelium discoideum)
Smooth Muscle Contraction (Dictyostelium discoideum)
ALDH2 transforms GTN to NO (Dictyostelium discoideum)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Neuronal System (Dictyostelium discoideum)
Transmission across Chemical Synapses (Dictyostelium discoideum)
Neurotransmitter clearance (Dictyostelium discoideum)
Serotonin clearance from the synaptic cleft (Dictyostelium discoideum)
Metabolism of serotonin (Dictyostelium discoideum)
5-hydroxyindole acetaldehyde to 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (Dictyostelium discoideum)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Transport of small molecules (Dictyostelium discoideum)
SLC-mediated transmembrane transport (Dictyostelium discoideum)
Transport of inorganic cations/anions and amino acids/oligopeptides (Dictyostelium discoideum)
Organic anion transporters (Dictyostelium discoideum)
SLC25A18,A22 cotransport Glu, H+ from cytosol to mitochondrial matrix (Dictyostelium discoideum)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Cellular responses to stimuli (Drosophila melanogaster)
Cellular responses to stress (Drosophila melanogaster)
Cellular response to chemical stress (Drosophila melanogaster)
Cytoprotection by HMOX1 (Drosophila melanogaster)
Electron transfer from reduced cytochrome c to molecular oxygen (Drosophila melanogaster)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Detoxification of Reactive Oxygen Species (Drosophila melanogaster)
SOD2 catalyzes 2H+ + 2O2.- => O2 + H2O2 (mitochondrial matrix) (Drosophila melanogaster)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Gene expression (Transcription) (Drosophila melanogaster)
RNA Polymerase II Transcription (Drosophila melanogaster)
Generic Transcription Pathway (Drosophila melanogaster)
Transcriptional Regulation by TP53 (Drosophila melanogaster)
TP53 Regulates Metabolic Genes (Drosophila melanogaster)
Electron transfer from reduced cytochrome c to molecular oxygen (Drosophila melanogaster)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism (Drosophila melanogaster)
Biological oxidations (Drosophila melanogaster)
Phase I - Functionalization of compounds (Drosophila melanogaster)
Cytochrome P450 - arranged by substrate type (Drosophila melanogaster)
Vitamins (Drosophila melanogaster)
CYP24A1 24-hydroxylates CTL (Drosophila melanogaster)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Ethanol oxidation (Drosophila melanogaster)
ALDH1B1 tetramer oxidises CH3CHO to CH3COOH (Drosophila melanogaster)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
acetaldehyde + NAD+ => acetate + NADH + H+ [mitochondrial] (Drosophila melanogaster)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives (Drosophila melanogaster)
Aspartate and asparagine metabolism (Drosophila melanogaster)
NAT8L transfers acetyl group from Ac-CoA to L-Asp, forming NAA (Drosophila melanogaster)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
SLC25A12,13 exchange cytosolic L-Glu for mitochondrial matrix L-Asp (Drosophila melanogaster)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Branched-chain amino acid catabolism (Drosophila melanogaster)
alpha-methyl-beta-hydroxybutyryl-CoA + NAD+ <=> alpha-methylacetoacetyl-CoA + NADH + H+ (Drosophila melanogaster)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
alpha-methylacetoacetyl-CoA + NADH + H+ <=> alpha-methyl-beta-hydroxybutyryl-CoA + NAD+ (Drosophila melanogaster)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
beta-hydroxyisobutyrate + NAD+ <=> methylmalonyl semialdehyde + NADH + H+ (Drosophila melanogaster)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
methylmalonate semialdehyde + NAD+ + CoA => propionyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH + H+ (Drosophila melanogaster)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
methylmalonyl semialdehyde + NADH + H+ <=> beta-hydroxyisobutyrate + NAD+ (Drosophila melanogaster)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Glutamate and glutamine metabolism (Drosophila melanogaster)
PYCR1 decamer reduces (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate to L-Pro (Drosophila melanogaster)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
PYCR2 decamer reduces (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate to L-Pro (Drosophila melanogaster)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
alpha-ketoglutarate + NH4+ + NAD(P)H + H+ <=> glutamate + NAD(P)+ [GLUD1] (Drosophila melanogaster)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
glutamate + ATP + NADPH + H+ => L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde + NADP+ + ADP + orthophosphate [P5CS] (Drosophila melanogaster)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
glutamate + NAD(P)+ => alpha-ketoglutarate + NH4+ + NAD(P)H + H+ [GLUD1] (Drosophila melanogaster)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Glyoxylate metabolism and glycine degradation (Drosophila melanogaster)
Glycine degradation (Drosophila melanogaster)
DLD dimer:2xFAD oxidises GCSH:DHLL to GCSH:lipoate (Drosophila melanogaster)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Lysine catabolism (Drosophila melanogaster)
alpha-aminoadipoate semialdehyde + NAD+ => alpha-aminoadipate + NADH + H+ (Drosophila melanogaster)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
lysine + alpha-ketoglutarate +NADPH + H+ => saccharopine + NADP+ + H2O (Drosophila melanogaster)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
saccharopine + NAD+ + H2O => alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde + glutamate + NADH + H+ (Drosophila melanogaster)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Proline catabolism (Drosophila melanogaster)
PRODH oxidises L-Pro to 1PYR-5COOH (Drosophila melanogaster)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Sulfur amino acid metabolism (Drosophila melanogaster)
Degradation of cysteine and homocysteine (Drosophila melanogaster)
Sulfide oxidation to sulfate (Drosophila melanogaster)
Persulfide sulfur is dioxygenated (Drosophila melanogaster)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism of carbohydrates (Drosophila melanogaster)
Glucose metabolism (Drosophila melanogaster)
Gluconeogenesis (Drosophila melanogaster)
MDH2 reduces OA to MAL (Drosophila melanogaster)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
PC catalyzes the carboxylation of PYR to form OA (Drosophila melanogaster)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
SLC25A12,13 exchange cytosolic L-Glu for mitochondrial matrix L-Asp (Drosophila melanogaster)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism of lipids (Drosophila melanogaster)
Fatty acid metabolism (Drosophila melanogaster)
Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Beta-Oxidation (Drosophila melanogaster)
mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation of saturated fatty acids (Drosophila melanogaster)
Beta oxidation of decanoyl-CoA to octanoyl-CoA-CoA (Drosophila melanogaster)
MECR dimer reduces tdec2-CoA to DEC-CoA (Drosophila melanogaster)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Beta oxidation of myristoyl-CoA to lauroyl-CoA (Drosophila melanogaster)
(S)-3-Hydroxytetradecanoyl-CoA+NAD<=>3-Oxotetradecanoyl-CoA+NADH+H (Drosophila melanogaster)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Beta oxidation of palmitoyl-CoA to myristoyl-CoA (Drosophila melanogaster)
(S)-3-Hydroxyhexadecanoyl-CoA+NAD<=>3-Oxopalmitoyl-CoA+NADH+H (Drosophila melanogaster)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Ketone body metabolism (Drosophila melanogaster)
Synthesis of Ketone Bodies (Drosophila melanogaster)
acetoacetic acid + NADH + H+ <=> beta-hydroxybutyrate + NAD+ (Drosophila melanogaster)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Utilization of Ketone Bodies (Drosophila melanogaster)
D-beta hydroxybutyrate+NAD+ <=> acetoacetate+NADH+H+ (Drosophila melanogaster)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism of steroids (Drosophila melanogaster)
Metabolism of steroid hormones (Drosophila melanogaster)
Estrogen biosynthesis (Drosophila melanogaster)
AKR1B15 reduces EST17b to E1 (Drosophila melanogaster)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism of porphyrins (Drosophila melanogaster)
Heme biosynthesis (Drosophila melanogaster)
ALAS condenses SUCC-CoA and Gly to form dALA (Drosophila melanogaster)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
FECH binds Fe2+ to PRIN9 to form heme (Drosophila melanogaster)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism of vitamins and cofactors (Drosophila melanogaster)
Metabolism of cofactors (Drosophila melanogaster)
Ubiquinol biosynthesis (Drosophila melanogaster)
DHDB is methylated to MHDB by COQ3 (Drosophila melanogaster)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
DeMQ10H2 is methylated to Q10H2 by COQ3 (Drosophila melanogaster)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism of water-soluble vitamins and cofactors (Drosophila melanogaster)
Metabolism of folate and pterines (Drosophila melanogaster)
ALDH1L2 dehydrogenates 10-formyl-THFPG to THFPG (Drosophila melanogaster)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Nicotinate metabolism (Drosophila melanogaster)
NADK2 dimer phosphorylates NAD+ to NADP+ (Drosophila melanogaster)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Nicotinamide salvaging (Drosophila melanogaster)
CARKD dehydrates S-NAD(P)HX to NADPH (Drosophila melanogaster)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis (Drosophila melanogaster)
Electron transport from NADPH to Ferredoxin (Drosophila melanogaster)
FDXR transfers electrons to FDX1,2 (FDX1L) (Drosophila melanogaster)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
NADPH transfers electrons to FDXR (Drosophila melanogaster)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide (Drosophila melanogaster)
Carbonic anhydrase dehydrates bicarbonate (mitochondria) (Drosophila melanogaster)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Carbonic anhydrase hydrates carbon dioxide (mitochondria) (Drosophila melanogaster)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
The citric acid (TCA) cycle and respiratory electron transport (Drosophila melanogaster)
Pyruvate metabolism and Citric Acid (TCA) cycle (Drosophila melanogaster)
Citric acid cycle (TCA cycle) (Drosophila melanogaster)
(S)-Malate + NAD+ <=> Oxaloacetate + NADH + H+ (Drosophila melanogaster)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
MDH2 reduces OA to MAL (Drosophila melanogaster)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
ME3:Mg2+ tetramer oxidatively decarboxylates MAL to PYR (Drosophila melanogaster)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
isocitrate + NAD+ => alpha-ketoglutarate + CO2 + NADH + H+ [IDH3] (Drosophila melanogaster)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Pyruvate metabolism (Drosophila melanogaster)
LDHAL6B reduces PYR to LACT (Drosophila melanogaster)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Respiratory electron transport, ATP synthesis by chemiosmotic coupling, and heat production by uncoupling proteins. (Drosophila melanogaster)
Formation of ATP by chemiosmotic coupling (Drosophila melanogaster)
Enzyme-bound ATP is released (Drosophila melanogaster)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Mitochondrial Uncoupling (Drosophila melanogaster)
The proton buffering model (Drosophila melanogaster)
Protons are translocated from the intermembrane space to the matrix (Drosophila melanogaster)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Respiratory electron transport (Drosophila melanogaster)
Complex I oxidises NADH to NAD+, reduces CoQ to QH2 (Drosophila melanogaster)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Electron transfer from reduced cytochrome c to molecular oxygen (Drosophila melanogaster)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Electron transfer from ubiquinol to cytochrome c of complex III (Drosophila melanogaster)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Muscle contraction (Drosophila melanogaster)
Smooth Muscle Contraction (Drosophila melanogaster)
ALDH2 transforms GTN to NO (Drosophila melanogaster)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Neuronal System (Drosophila melanogaster)
Transmission across Chemical Synapses (Drosophila melanogaster)
Neurotransmitter clearance (Drosophila melanogaster)
Serotonin clearance from the synaptic cleft (Drosophila melanogaster)
Metabolism of serotonin (Drosophila melanogaster)
5-hydroxyindole acetaldehyde to 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (Drosophila melanogaster)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Neurotransmitter release cycle (Drosophila melanogaster)
GABA synthesis, release, reuptake and degradation (Drosophila melanogaster)
Degradation of GABA (Drosophila melanogaster)
ALDH5A1 dehydrogenates SUCCSA to SUCCA (Drosophila melanogaster)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Transport of small molecules (Drosophila melanogaster)
Ion channel transport (Drosophila melanogaster)
Stimuli-sensing channels (Drosophila melanogaster)
SLC9B2 exchanges Na+ for H+ (Drosophila melanogaster)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Iron uptake and transport (Drosophila melanogaster)
FTMT 24mer oxidises 4Fe2+ to 4Fe(3+)O(OH) (Drosophila melanogaster)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
SLC-mediated transmembrane transport (Drosophila melanogaster)
Transport of inorganic cations/anions and amino acids/oligopeptides (Drosophila melanogaster)
Organic anion transporters (Drosophila melanogaster)
SLC25A18,A22 cotransport Glu, H+ from cytosol to mitochondrial matrix (Drosophila melanogaster)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Cellular responses to stimuli (Gallus gallus)
Cellular responses to stress (Gallus gallus)
Cellular response to chemical stress (Gallus gallus)
Cytoprotection by HMOX1 (Gallus gallus)
Electron transfer from reduced cytochrome c to molecular oxygen (Gallus gallus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Detoxification of Reactive Oxygen Species (Gallus gallus)
GSR catalyzes glutathione (oxidized) + NADPH + H+ => 2 glutathione (reduced) + NADP+ (Gallus gallus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
SOD2 catalyzes 2H+ + 2O2.- => O2 + H2O2 (mitochondrial matrix) (Gallus gallus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
TXNRD2 catalyzes the reduction of TXN2 by NADPH (Gallus gallus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Gene expression (Transcription) (Gallus gallus)
RNA Polymerase II Transcription (Gallus gallus)
Generic Transcription Pathway (Gallus gallus)
Transcriptional Regulation by TP53 (Gallus gallus)
TP53 Regulates Metabolic Genes (Gallus gallus)
Electron transfer from reduced cytochrome c to molecular oxygen (Gallus gallus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism (Gallus gallus)
Carbohydrate metabolism (Gallus gallus)
Gluconeogenesis (Gallus gallus)
oxaloacetate + NADH + H+ <=> malate + NAD+ (Gallus gallus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Heme synthesis (Gallus gallus)
protoporphyrin IX + Fe++ => heme + 2 H+ (Gallus gallus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Lipid metabolism (Gallus gallus)
oxaloacetate + NADH + H+ <=> malate + NAD+ (Gallus gallus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Pyruvate metabolism (Gallus gallus)
pyruvate + CoASH + NAD+ => acetylCoA + CO2 + NADH + H+ (Gallus gallus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
pyruvate + H+ [cytosol] => pyruvate + H+ [mitochondrial matrix] (Gallus gallus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
The tricarboxylic acid cycle (Gallus gallus)
2-oxoglutarate (alpha-ketoglutarate) + CoASH + NAD+ => succinylCoA + CO2 + NADH + H+ (Gallus gallus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
isocitrate + NAD+ => 2-oxoglutarate (alpha-ketoglutarate) + CO2 + NADH + H+ (Gallus gallus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
malate + NAD+ <=> oxaloacetate + NADH + H+ (Gallus gallus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Muscle contraction (Gallus gallus)
Smooth Muscle Contraction (Gallus gallus)
ALDH2 transforms GTN to NO (Gallus gallus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Neuronal System (Gallus gallus)
Transmission across Chemical Synapses (Gallus gallus)
Neurotransmitter clearance (Gallus gallus)
Serotonin clearance from the synaptic cleft (Gallus gallus)
Metabolism of serotonin (Gallus gallus)
5-hydroxyindole acetaldehyde to 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (Gallus gallus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Neurotransmitter release cycle (Gallus gallus)
GABA synthesis, release, reuptake and degradation (Gallus gallus)
Degradation of GABA (Gallus gallus)
ALDH5A1 dehydrogenates SUCCSA to SUCCA (Gallus gallus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Transport of small molecules (Gallus gallus)
Ion channel transport (Gallus gallus)
Stimuli-sensing channels (Gallus gallus)
SLC9B2 exchanges Na+ for H+ (Gallus gallus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Iron uptake and transport (Gallus gallus)
FTMT 24mer oxidises 4Fe2+ to 4Fe(3+)O(OH) (Gallus gallus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
SLC-mediated transmembrane transport (Gallus gallus)
Transport of inorganic cations/anions and amino acids/oligopeptides (Gallus gallus)
Organic anion transporters (Gallus gallus)
SLC25A18,A22 cotransport Glu, H+ from cytosol to mitochondrial matrix (Gallus gallus)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Cellular responses to stimuli (Homo sapiens)
Cellular responses to stress (Homo sapiens)
Cellular response to chemical stress (Homo sapiens)
Cytoprotection by HMOX1 (Homo sapiens)
Electron transfer from reduced cytochrome c to molecular oxygen (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Detoxification of Reactive Oxygen Species (Homo sapiens)
GSR catalyzes glutathione (oxidized) + NADPH + H+ => 2 glutathione (reduced) + NADP+ (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
SOD2 catalyzes 2H+ + 2O2.- => O2 + H2O2 (mitochondrial matrix) (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
TXNRD2 catalyzes the reduction of TXN2 by NADPH (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Disease (Homo sapiens)
Diseases of metabolism (Homo sapiens)
Metabolic disorders of biological oxidation enzymes (Homo sapiens)
Defective CYP11A1 causes AICSR (Homo sapiens)
Defective CYP11A1 does not cleave 20a,22b-DHCHOL (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Defective CYP11B1 causes AH4 (Homo sapiens)
Defective CYP11B1 does not oxidise 11DCORT (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Defective CYP11B2 causes CMO-1 deficiency (Homo sapiens)
Defective CYP11B2 does not oxidise 11DCORST (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Defective CYP11B2 does not oxidise 18HCORST (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Defective CYP11B2 does not oxidise CORST (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Defective CYP24A1 causes HCAI (Homo sapiens)
Defective CYP24A1 does not 24-hydroxylate CALTOL (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Defective CYP27A1 causes CTX (Homo sapiens)
CYP27A1 does not 27-hydroxylate 5bCHOL3a,7a,12a-triol (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Defective CYP27A1 does not 27-hydroxylate 5β-CHOL3α,7α,24(s)-triol (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Gene expression (Transcription) (Homo sapiens)
RNA Polymerase II Transcription (Homo sapiens)
Generic Transcription Pathway (Homo sapiens)
Transcriptional Regulation by TP53 (Homo sapiens)
TP53 Regulates Metabolic Genes (Homo sapiens)
Electron transfer from reduced cytochrome c to molecular oxygen (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism (Homo sapiens)
Biological oxidations (Homo sapiens)
Phase I - Functionalization of compounds (Homo sapiens)
Cytochrome P450 - arranged by substrate type (Homo sapiens)
Endogenous sterols (Homo sapiens)
CYP11A1 cleaves 20a,22b-DHCHOL (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
CYP11B1 oxidises 11DCORT (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
CYP11B2 18-hydroxylates CORST to 18HCORST (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
CYP11B2 oxidises 11DCORST to CORST (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
CYP11B2 oxidises 18HCORST to ALDO (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
CYP27A1 27-hydroxylates CHOL (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Vitamins (Homo sapiens)
CYP24A1 24-hydroxylates CTL (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Ethanol oxidation (Homo sapiens)
ALDH1B1 tetramer oxidises CH3CHO to CH3COOH (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
acetaldehyde + NAD+ => acetate + NADH + H+ [mitochondrial] (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives (Homo sapiens)
Aspartate and asparagine metabolism (Homo sapiens)
NAT8L transfers acetyl group from Ac-CoA to L-Asp, forming NAA (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
SLC25A12,13 exchange cytosolic L-Glu for mitochondrial matrix L-Asp (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Branched-chain amino acid catabolism (Homo sapiens)
alpha-methyl-beta-hydroxybutyryl-CoA + NAD+ <=> alpha-methylacetoacetyl-CoA + NADH + H+ (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
alpha-methylacetoacetyl-CoA + NADH + H+ <=> alpha-methyl-beta-hydroxybutyryl-CoA + NAD+ (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
beta-hydroxyisobutyrate + NAD+ <=> methylmalonyl semialdehyde + NADH + H+ (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
methylmalonate semialdehyde + NAD+ + CoA => propionyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH + H+ (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
methylmalonyl semialdehyde + NADH + H+ <=> beta-hydroxyisobutyrate + NAD+ (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Glutamate and glutamine metabolism (Homo sapiens)
PYCR1 decamer reduces (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate to L-Pro (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
PYCR2 decamer reduces (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate to L-Pro (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
alpha-ketoglutarate + NH4+ + NAD(P)H + H+ <=> glutamate + NAD(P)+ [GLUD1] (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
glutamate + ATP + NADPH + H+ => L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde + NADP+ + ADP + orthophosphate [P5CS] (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
glutamate + NAD(P)+ => alpha-ketoglutarate + NH4+ + NAD(P)H + H+ [GLUD1] (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Glyoxylate metabolism and glycine degradation (Homo sapiens)
ALDH4A1 dimer dehydrogenates 4-OH-L-glutamate semialdehyde to 4-OH-L-glutamate (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Glycine degradation (Homo sapiens)
DLD dimer:2xFAD oxidises GCSH:DHLL to GCSH:lipoate (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Lysine catabolism (Homo sapiens)
alpha-aminoadipoate semialdehyde + NAD+ => alpha-aminoadipate + NADH + H+ (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
lysine + alpha-ketoglutarate +NADPH + H+ => saccharopine + NADP+ + H2O (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
saccharopine + NAD+ + H2O => alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde + glutamate + NADH + H+ (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Proline catabolism (Homo sapiens)
ALDH4A1 oxidises L-GluSS to Glu (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
PRODH oxidises L-Pro to 1PYR-5COOH (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Sulfur amino acid metabolism (Homo sapiens)
Degradation of cysteine and homocysteine (Homo sapiens)
Sulfide oxidation to sulfate (Homo sapiens)
Persulfide sulfur is dioxygenated (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Thiosulfate can transfer its sulfur atom to glutathione (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Threonine catabolism (Homo sapiens)
PXLP-GCAT dimer ligates CoASH to 2A-3OB to form Gly and Ac-CoA (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism of carbohydrates (Homo sapiens)
Glucose metabolism (Homo sapiens)
Gluconeogenesis (Homo sapiens)
MDH2 reduces OA to MAL (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
PC catalyzes the carboxylation of PYR to form OA (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
SLC25A12,13 exchange cytosolic L-Glu for mitochondrial matrix L-Asp (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism of lipids (Homo sapiens)
Fatty acid metabolism (Homo sapiens)
Fatty acyl-CoA biosynthesis (Homo sapiens)
2xHSD17B8:2xCBR4 reduces 3OA-ACP to 3HA-ACP (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Beta-Oxidation (Homo sapiens)
mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation of saturated fatty acids (Homo sapiens)
Beta oxidation of butanoyl-CoA to acetyl-CoA (Homo sapiens)
(S)-Hydroxybutanoyl-CoA+NAD<=>Acetoacetyl-CoA+NADH+H (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Beta oxidation of decanoyl-CoA to octanoyl-CoA-CoA (Homo sapiens)
(S)-Hydroxydecanoyl-CoA+NAD<=>3-Oxodecanoyl-CoA+NADH+H (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
MECR dimer reduces tdec2-CoA to DEC-CoA (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Beta oxidation of hexanoyl-CoA to butanoyl-CoA (Homo sapiens)
(S)-Hydroxyhexanoyl-CoA+NAD<=>3-Oxohexanoyl-CoA+NADH+H (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Beta oxidation of lauroyl-CoA to decanoyl-CoA-CoA (Homo sapiens)
(S)-3-Hydroxydodecanoyl-CoA+NAD<=>3-Oxododecanoyl-CoA+NADH+H (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Beta oxidation of myristoyl-CoA to lauroyl-CoA (Homo sapiens)
(S)-3-Hydroxytetradecanoyl-CoA+NAD<=>3-Oxotetradecanoyl-CoA+NADH+H (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Beta oxidation of octanoyl-CoA to hexanoyl-CoA (Homo sapiens)
(S)-Hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA+NAD<=>3-Oxooctanoyl-CoA+NADH+H (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Beta oxidation of palmitoyl-CoA to myristoyl-CoA (Homo sapiens)
(S)-3-Hydroxyhexadecanoyl-CoA+NAD<=>3-Oxopalmitoyl-CoA+NADH+H (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids (Homo sapiens)
Linoleoyl-CoA is converted to cis,cis-3,6- dodecadienoyl-CoA by three cycles of beta-oxidation (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Reduction of 2-trans-4-cis-decadienoyl-CoA to form 3-trans-decenoyl-CoA (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Trans,cis-lauro-2,6-dienoyl-CoA is converted to cis,cis-3,6- 4-cis-decenoyl-CoA by one cycle of beta-oxidation (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Ketone body metabolism (Homo sapiens)
Synthesis of Ketone Bodies (Homo sapiens)
acetoacetic acid + NADH + H+ <=> beta-hydroxybutyrate + NAD+ (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Utilization of Ketone Bodies (Homo sapiens)
D-beta hydroxybutyrate+NAD+ <=> acetoacetate+NADH+H+ (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism of steroids (Homo sapiens)
Bile acid and bile salt metabolism (Homo sapiens)
Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts (Homo sapiens)
Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 24-hydroxycholesterol (Homo sapiens)
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24(S)-tetrahydroxy-5beta-cholestan-27-al is oxidized to 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24(S)-tetrahydroxy-5beta-cholestanoate (TetraHCA) (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
3alpha,7alpha,24(S)-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-27-al is oxidized to 3alpha,7alpha,24(S)-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoate (3,7,24THCA) (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
5beta-cholestan-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24(S),27-pentol is oxidized to 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24(S)-tetrahydroxy-5beta-cholestan-27-al (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
5beta-cholestan-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24(S)-tetrol is hydroxylated to 5beta-cholestan-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24(S), 27-pentol (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
5beta-cholestan-3alpha,7alpha,24(S),27-tetrol is oxidized to 3alpha,7alpha,24(S)-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-27-al (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
CYP27A1 27-hydroxylates 5β-CHOL3α,7α,24(s)-triol (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 27-hydroxycholesterol (Homo sapiens)
CYP27A1 27-hydroxylates CHOL (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Synthesis of bile acids and bile salts via 7alpha-hydroxycholesterol (Homo sapiens)
3alpha, 7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-al is oxidized to 3alpha, 7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoate (DHCA) (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-27-al is oxidized to 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoate (THCA) (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
5beta-cholestan-3alpha, 7alpha, 26-triol is oxidized to 3alpha, 7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-al (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
5beta-cholestan-3alpha, 7alpha-diol is hydroxylated to 5beta-cholestan-3alpha, 7alpha, 26-triol (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
5beta-cholestan-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,27-tetrol is oxidized to 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-27-al (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
CYP27A1 27-hydroxylates 5bCHOL3a,7a,12a-triol (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism of steroid hormones (Homo sapiens)
Estrogen biosynthesis (Homo sapiens)
AKR1B15 reduces EST17b to E1 (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Glucocorticoid biosynthesis (Homo sapiens)
CYP11B1 oxidises 11DCORT (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Mineralocorticoid biosynthesis (Homo sapiens)
CYP11B2 18-hydroxylates CORST to 18HCORST (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
CYP11B2 oxidises 11DCORST to CORST (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
CYP11B2 oxidises 18HCORST to ALDO (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Pregnenolone biosynthesis (Homo sapiens)
CYP11A1 cleaves 20a,22b-DHCHOL (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Oxidation of 22beta-hydroxycholesterol to 20alpha,22beta-hydroxycholesterol (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Oxidation of cholesterol to 22beta-hydroxycholesterol (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism of porphyrins (Homo sapiens)
Heme biosynthesis (Homo sapiens)
ALAS condenses SUCC-CoA and Gly to form dALA (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
FECH binds Fe2+ to PRIN9 to form heme (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism of vitamins and cofactors (Homo sapiens)
Metabolism of cofactors (Homo sapiens)
Ubiquinol biosynthesis (Homo sapiens)
COQ9 dimer:COQ7:Fe2+ hydroxylates DMQ10H2 to DeMQ10H2 (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
DHB is hydroxylated to DHDB by COQ6 (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
DHDB is methylated to MHDB by COQ3 (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
DMPhOH is hydroxylated to MDMQ10H2 by DMPhOH monooxygenase (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
DeMQ10H2 is methylated to Q10H2 by COQ3 (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
MDMQ10H2 is methylated to DMQ10H2 by COQ5 (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism of water-soluble vitamins and cofactors (Homo sapiens)
Cobalamin (Cbl, vitamin B12) transport and metabolism (Homo sapiens)
Cobalamin (Cbl) metabolism (Homo sapiens)
MMAB adenosylates cob(I)alamin (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Metabolism of folate and pterines (Homo sapiens)
ALDH1L2 dehydrogenates 10-formyl-THFPG to THFPG (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Nicotinate metabolism (Homo sapiens)
NADK2 dimer phosphorylates NAD+ to NADP+ (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Nicotinamide salvaging (Homo sapiens)
CARKD dehydrates S-NAD(P)HX to NADPH (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Vitamin B5 (pantothenate) metabolism (Homo sapiens)
NUDT8 hydrolyzes CoA-SH to PPANT (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis (Homo sapiens)
Electron transport from NADPH to Ferredoxin (Homo sapiens)
FDXR transfers electrons to FDX1,2 (FDX1L) (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
NADPH transfers electrons to FDXR (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide (Homo sapiens)
Carbonic anhydrase dehydrates bicarbonate (mitochondria) (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Carbonic anhydrase hydrates carbon dioxide (mitochondria) (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
The citric acid (TCA) cycle and respiratory electron transport (Homo sapiens)
Pyruvate metabolism and Citric Acid (TCA) cycle (Homo sapiens)
Citric acid cycle (TCA cycle) (Homo sapiens)
(S)-Malate + NAD+ <=> Oxaloacetate + NADH + H+ (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
MDH2 reduces OA to MAL (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
ME2:Mg2+ tetramer oxidatively decarboxylates MAL to PYR (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
ME3:Mg2+ tetramer oxidatively decarboxylates MAL to PYR (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
NADPH + NAD+ + H+ [cytosol] => NADP+ + NADH + H+ [mitochondrial matrix] (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
isocitrate + NAD+ => alpha-ketoglutarate + CO2 + NADH + H+ [IDH3] (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
isocitrate + NADP+ => alpha-ketoglutarate + CO2 + NADPH + H+ [IDH2] (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Pyruvate metabolism (Homo sapiens)
LDHAL6B reduces PYR to LACT (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
MPC1:MPC2 cotransports PYR, H+ from cytosol to mitochondrial matrix (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Respiratory electron transport, ATP synthesis by chemiosmotic coupling, and heat production by uncoupling proteins. (Homo sapiens)
Formation of ATP by chemiosmotic coupling (Homo sapiens)
Enzyme-bound ATP is released (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
Mitochondrial Uncoupling (Homo sapiens)
The fatty acid cycling model (Homo sapiens)
The proton is delivered to the matrix side (Homo sapiens)
H+ [mitochondrial matrix]
The proton buffering model (Homo sapiens)