Many host proteins are targets for ISGylation including constitutively expressed proteins involved in various cellular pathways such as immunity, RNA splicing, chromatin remodeling/polymerase II transcription, stress responses and translation. Many ISG15 target proteins are IFN alpha/beta-induced antiviral proteins such as PKR, MxA, IRF3, and RIG-I, also included are several key regulators of signal transduction such as PLC gamma1, JAK1, STAT1 and ERK1. The contribution of most of these modified proteins to antiviral activity is unclear because the fate of the vast majority of ISGylated target proteins is unknown.
Virgin, HW, Zhang, DE, Jacobs, BS, Luo, JK, Borden, EC, Papov, V, Li, J, Zou, W, Lenschow, DJ, Giannakopoulos, NV
Denison, C, Krug, RM, Huibregtse, JM, Gygi, S, Zhao, C
Malakhova, OA, Malakhov, MP, Zhang, DE, Jacobs, BS, Borden, EC, Kim, KI
ubiquitin-protein transferase activity of ISG15:UBCH8:ISG15 E3 ligase [cytosol]
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