Reactome | Carbonic anhydrase dehydrates bicarbonate (plasma membrane)

Carbonic anhydrase dehydrates bicarbonate (plasma membrane)

Stable Identifier

R-HSA-1475017

Type

Reaction [transition]

Species

Homo sapiens

Compartment

plasma membrane, extracellular region

ReviewStatus

5/5

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Carbonic anhydrase dehydrates bicarbonate (plasma membrane)

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Carbonic anhydrase IV (CA4, Zhu and Sly 1990, Okuyama et al. 1992, Baird et al. 1997, Innocenti et al. 2004), carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9, Wingo et al. 2001, Hilvo et al. 2008), carbonic anhydrase XII (CA12, Ulmasov et al. 2000, Pastorekova et al. 2008), and carbonic anhydrase XIV (CA14, Ozensoy et al. 2005, Temperini et al. 2008) are membrane-bound enzymes that dehydrate bicarbonate to yield water and carbon dioxide. Depending on the concentrations of reactants the reaction is reversible.
CA4 has high catalytic activity. CA9, CA12, and CA14 have moderate activity. CA4 is anchored to the extracellular face of the plasma membrane by glycosylphosphatidylinositol. CA9, CA12, and CA14 are single-pass transmembrane proteins. CA4 is found on the extracellular face of capillaries in kidney, lung, and muscle where it maintains the gradient of carbon dioxide between tissue and blood. CA9 and CA12 are found on basolateral membranes of epithelia. CA9 is inducible by Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1alpha) and acidifies the extracellular environment of tumors. In rodents CA15 is membrane anchored and has low activity; in primates CA15 is a pseudogene.

Literature References

PubMed ID	Title	Journal	Year
11121027	Purification and kinetic analysis of recombinant CA XII, a membrane carbonic anhydrase overexpressed in certain cancers Silverman, DN, Tu, C, Sly, WS, Grubb, JH, Shah, GN, Ulmasov, B, Waheed, A	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A	2000
16006130	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: inhibition of the human transmembrane isozyme XIV with a library of aromatic/heterocyclic sulfonamides Puccetti, L, Nishimori, I, Supuran, CT, Scozzafava, A, Vullo, D, Ozensoy, O	Bioorg Med Chem	2005
9054574	Catalysis and inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase IV Sly, WS, Fierke, CA, Okuyama, T, Baird TT, Jr, Waheed, A	Biochemistry	1997
2111324	Carbonic anhydrase IV from human lung. Purification, characterization, and comparison with membrane carbonic anhydrase from human kidney Sly, WS, Zhu, XL	J Biol Chem	1990
15501038	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: inhibition of the membrane-bound human isozyme IV with anions Innocenti, A, Wurl, M, Supuran, CT, Scozzafava, A, Antel, J, Firnges, MA	Bioorg Med Chem Lett	2004
7625839	Carbonic anhydrase IV: role of removal of C-terminal domain in glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchoring and realization of enzyme activity Sly, WS, Kusumoto, W, Okuyama, T, Waheed, A, Zhu, XL	Arch Biochem Biophys	1995
11676494	The catalytic properties of human carbonic anhydrase IX Laipis, PJ, Silverman, DN, Tu, C, Wingo, T	Biochem Biophys Res Commun	2001
18162396	Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Interaction of 2-N,N-dimethylamino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-5-methanesulfonamide with 12 mammalian isoforms: kinetic and X-ray crystallographic studies Cabeza, JE, Supuran, CT, Wentworth P, Jr, Scozzafava, A, Cecchi, A, Blackburn, GM, Boyle, NA, Temperini, C	Bioorg Med Chem Lett	2008
18703501	Biochemical characterization of CA IX, one of the most active carbonic anhydrase isozymes Supuran, CT, Scaloni, A, Hilvo, M, Matulis, D, Kulomaa, MS, Nordlund, HR, Parkkila, S, Salzano, AM, Innocenti, A, Jänis, J, Pastorek, J, Lindfors, M, Baranauskiene, L, Pastoreková, S, Scozzafava, A, Monti, SM, Di Fiore, A, De Simone, G, Valjakka, J	J Biol Chem	2008
18294854	Carbonic anhydrase activators: activation of the human tumor-associated isozymes IX and XII with amino acids and amines Pastorekova, S, Pastorek, J, Nishimori, I, Supuran, CT, Scozzafava, A, Vullo, D	Bioorg Med Chem	2008
9336012	Structure and mechanism of carbonic anhydrase Lindskog, S	Pharmacol Ther	1997