Reactome | Carbonic anhydrase hydrates carbon dioxide (cytosol)

Carbonic anhydrase hydrates carbon dioxide (cytosol)

Stable Identifier

R-HSA-1475026

Type

Reaction [transition]

Species

Homo sapiens

Compartment

cytosol

ReviewStatus

5/5

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Carbonic anhydrase hydrates carbon dioxide (cytosol)

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Carbonic anhydrase I (CA1, Khalifah 1971, Simonsson et al. 1982, Ren and Lindskog 1992), carbonic anyhydrase II (CA2, Tibell et al. 1984, Jones and Shaw 1983, Pesando 1975, Ghannam et al. 1986), carbonic anhydrase III (CA3, Carter et al. 1979, Tu et al. 1990, Tu et al. 1994, Tu et al. 1998, Silverman et al. 1993), carbonic anhydrase VII (CA7, Bootorabi et al. 2010, Gitto et al. 2010) hydrate carbon dioxide to yield bicarbonate and a proton. Carbonic anhydrase deprotonates water to yield a zinc-hydroxyl group and a proton which is transferred to external buffer molecules via histidine or glutamate residues in carbonic anhydrase. The hydroxyl group reacts with carbon dioxide in the active site to yield bicarbonate. A water molecule displaces the bicarbonate and the reaction cycle begins again (reviewed in Lindskog 1997). Depending on the concentrations of reactants the reaction is reversible.
CA2 and CA7 have high catalytic activity, CA1 has low activity (10% of the activity of CA2), and CA3 has very low activity (1% of the activity of CA2). CA1 and CA2 are found in erythrocytes. CA2 is also found in kidney, lung, and white muscle where it facilitates diffusion of carbon dioxide. CA3 is found in red muscle where it participates in resistance against oxidative stress.

Literature References

PubMed ID	Title	Journal	Year
9336012	Structure and mechanism of carbonic anhydrase Lindskog, S	Pharmacol Ther	1997
21282642	Intramolecular proton shuttle supports not only catalytic but also noncatalytic function of carbonic anhydrase II Klier, M, Deitmer, JW, McKenna, R, Becker, HM, Schüler, C	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A	2011
8083199	Interactions of active-site residues and catalytic activity of human carbonic anhydrase III Laipis, PJ, LoGrasso, PV, Silverman, DN, Tu, C, Jewell, DA, Ren, X, Chen, X	J Biol Chem	1994
20493921	Analysis of a shortened form of human carbonic anhydrase VII expressed in vitro compared to the full-length enzyme Hytönen, V, Jänis, J, Sly, WS, Kukkurainen, S, Supuran, CT, Bootorabi, F, Parkkila, S, Smith, E, Waheed, A, Vullo, D, Valjakka, J	Biochimie	2010
22001224	Structure and catalysis by carbonic anhydrase II: role of active-site tryptophan 5 Mikulski, R, Silverman, DN, Tu, C, Domsic, JF, McKenna, R, Ling, G, Robbins, AH	Arch Biochem Biophys	2011
4994926	The carbon dioxide hydration activity of carbonic anhydrase. I. Stop-flow kinetic studies on the native human isoenzymes B and C Khalifah, RG	J Biol Chem	1971
6433979	Anion inhibition of CO2 hydration catalyzed by human carbonic anhydrase II. Mechanistic implications Forsman, C, Lindskog, S, Simonsson, I, Tibell, L	Biochim Biophys Acta	1984
1554744	Buffer dependence of CO2 hydration catalyzed by human carbonic anhydrase I Lindskog, S, Ren, X	Biochim Biophys Acta	1992
6407977	A chemical and enzymological comparison of the common major human erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase II, its minor component, and a new genetic variant, CA II Melbourne (237 Pro leads to His) Jones, GL, Shaw, DC	Hum Genet	1983
2169869	Buffer enhancement of proton transfer in catalysis by human carbonic anhydrase III Laipis, PJ, LoGrasso, PV, Silverman, DN, Tanhauser, SM, Jewell, DA, Wynns, GC, Paranawithana, SR, Tu, CK	Biochemistry	1990
20349499	Identification of potent and selective human carbonic anhydrase VII (hCA VII) inhibitors Chimirri, A, Gitto, R, Supuran, CT, Ferro, S, Agnello, S, Vullo, D	ChemMedChem	2010
3080418	Activation parameters for the carbonic anhydrase II-catalyzed hydration of CO2 Rowlett, RS, Tsen, W, Ghannam, AF	J Biol Chem	1986
120192	Characterization of human carbonic anhydrase III from skeletal muscle Edwards, Y, Hopkinson, DA, Jeffery, S, Shiels, A, Carter, N, Tipler, T	Biochem Genet	1979
20578724	Structural and kinetic study of the extended active site for proton transfer in human carbonic anhydrase II Fisher, SZ, Silverman, DN, Tu, C, Domsic, JF, McKenna, R, Williams, W, Agbandje-McKenna, M	Biochemistry	2010
17427958	Structural and kinetic analysis of proton shuttle residues in the active site of human carbonic anhydrase III Laipis, PJ, Elder, I, Silverman, DN, Tu, C, McKenna, R, Fisher, Z	Proteins	2007
234739	Proton magnetic resonance studies of carbonic anhydrase. II. Group controlling catalytic activity Pesando, JM	Biochemistry	1975
8399223	Rate-equilibria relationships in intramolecular proton transfer in human carbonic anhydrase III Laipis, PJ, Silverman, DN, Tu, C, Tanhauser, SM, Kresge, AJ, Chen, X	Biochemistry	1993
6819139	A 13C nuclear magnetic resonance study of CO2/HCO-3 exchange catalyzed by human carbonic anhydrase I Lindskog, S, Simonsson, I, Jonsson, BH	Eur J Biochem	1982
9635771	Properties of intramolecular proton transfer in carbonic anhydrase III Laipis, PJ, Silverman, DN, Tu, C, Qian, M, Earnhardt, JN	Biophys J	1998