Reactome | Cytosolic sulfonation of small molecules

Cytosolic sulfonation of small molecules

Stable Identifier

R-HSA-156584

DOI

10.3180/R-HSA-156584.7

Type

Pathway

Species

Homo sapiens

Compartment

cytosol

ReviewStatus

5/5

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Cytosolic sulfonation of small molecules

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Two groups of sulfotransferease (SULT) enzymes catalyze the transfer of a sulfate group from 3-phosphoadenosine 5-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to a hydroxyl group on an acceptor molecule, yielding a sulfonated acceptor and 3-phosphoadenosine 5-phosphate (PAP). One is localized to the Golgi apparatus and mediates the sulfonation of proteoglycans. The second, annotated here, is cytosolic and mediates the sulfonation of a diverse array of small molecules, increasing their solubilities in water and modifying their physiological functions. There are probably thirteen or more human cytosolic SULT enzymes; eleven of these have been purified and characterized enzymatically, and are annotated here (Blanchard et al. 2004; Gamage et al. 2005). These enzymes appear to be active as dimers. Their substrate specificities are typically broad, and not related in an obvious way to their structures; indeed, apparently orthologous human and rodent SULT enzymes can have different substrate specificities (Glatt 2000), and none has been exhaustively characterized. The substrates listed in the table and annotated here are a sample of the known ones, chosen to indicate the range of activity of these enzymes and to capture some of their known physiologically important targets. Absence of a small molecule - enzyme pair from the table, however, may only mean that it has not yet been studied.

Literature References

PubMed ID	Title	Journal	Year
10503886	Sulfotransferase catalyzing sulfation of heterocyclic amines Yamazoe, Y, Nagata, K, Yoshinari, K, Fujita, K, Shiraga, T, Iwasaki, K	Cancer Lett	1999
12372849	Sulfonation and molecular action Strott, CA	Endocr Rev	2002
	Casarett and Doull's Toxicology 5th Edn Parkinson, A		1995
9034160	Sulfation and sulfotransferases 1: Sulfotransferase molecular biology: cDNAs and genes Weinshilboum, RM, Otterness, DM, Aksoy, IA, Wood, TC, Her, C, Raftogianis, RB	FASEB J	1997