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HS-GAG biosynthesis
Stable Identifier
R-HSA-2022928
Type
Pathway
Species
Homo sapiens
ReviewStatus
5/5
Locations in the PathwayBrowser
Expand all
Metabolism (Homo sapiens)
Metabolism of carbohydrates and carbohydrate derivatives (Homo sapiens)
Glycosaminoglycan metabolism (Homo sapiens)
Heparan sulfate/heparin (HS-GAG) metabolism (Homo sapiens)
HS-GAG biosynthesis (Homo sapiens)
General
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Heparan sulfate (HS) and heparin (sometimes collectively called HS-GAG) consist of the disaccharide unit GlcNAc-GlcA (N-acetylglucosamine-glucuronic acid) connected by a beta1,4 linkage. Heparin is exclusively made in mast cells whereas HS is made by virtually every type of cell in the body. As the chain length increases, the polysaccharides can undergo modifcations such as epimerisation of glucuronic acid to iduronic acid and deacetylation and sulfation of GlcNAc to form sulfated glucosamine (Stringer & Gallagher 1997, Sasisekharan & Venkataraman 2000).
Literature References
PubMed ID
Title
Journal
Year
9251237
Heparan sulphate
Gallagher, JT
,
Stringer, SE
Int J Biochem Cell Biol
1997
11102866
Heparin and heparan sulfate: biosynthesis, structure and function
Venkataraman, G
,
Sasisekharan, R
Curr Opin Chem Biol
2000
Participants
Events
SLC35D2 exchanges UDP-GlcNAc for UMP
(Homo sapiens)
EXT1:EXT2 transfers GlcNAc to the terminal GlcA residue
(Homo sapiens)
EXT1:EXT2 transfers GlcNAc to heparan
(Homo sapiens)
EXT1:EXT2 transfer GlcNAc to the heparan chain
(Homo sapiens)
EXT1:EXT2 transfers GlcA to heparan
(Homo sapiens)
NDST1-4 N-deacetylates GlcNAc residues in heparan
(Homo sapiens)
NDST1-4 can sulfate a glucosamine residue in heparan to form heparan sulfate (HS)
(Homo sapiens)
GLCE epimerises GlcA to IdoA
(Homo sapiens)
HS2ST1 sulfates IdoA at C2 in heparan sulfate
(Homo sapiens)
HS3STs sulfate GlcN at C3 in heparan sulfate
(Homo sapiens)
HS3ST1 sulfates GlcN at C3 in heparan sulfate
(Homo sapiens)
GLCE epimerises more GlcA to IdoA as sulfate content rises
(Homo sapiens)
HS6STs sulfate GlcN at C6 in heparan sulfate/heparin
(Homo sapiens)
Some HSPGs are secreted to the plasma membrane
(Homo sapiens)
Participates
as an event of
Heparan sulfate/heparin (HS-GAG) metabolism (Homo sapiens)
Event Information
Go Biological Process
heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process (0015012)
Orthologous Events
HS-GAG biosynthesis (Bos taurus)
HS-GAG biosynthesis (Caenorhabditis elegans)
HS-GAG biosynthesis (Canis familiaris)
HS-GAG biosynthesis (Danio rerio)
HS-GAG biosynthesis (Dictyostelium discoideum)
HS-GAG biosynthesis (Drosophila melanogaster)
HS-GAG biosynthesis (Gallus gallus)
HS-GAG biosynthesis (Mus musculus)
HS-GAG biosynthesis (Rattus norvegicus)
HS-GAG biosynthesis (Sus scrofa)
HS-GAG biosynthesis (Xenopus tropicalis)
Cross References
BioModels Database
BIOMD0000000930
Authored
Jassal, B (2011-12-01)
Reviewed
D'Eustachio, P (2012-03-28)
Created
Jassal, B (2011-12-01)
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