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Activated ROCK phosphorylates MRLCs
Stable Identifier
R-HSA-3928616
Type
Reaction [transition]
Species
Homo sapiens
Compartment
cytosol
ReviewStatus
5/5
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Developmental Biology (Homo sapiens)
Nervous system development (Homo sapiens)
Axon guidance (Homo sapiens)
EPH-Ephrin signaling (Homo sapiens)
EPHA-mediated growth cone collapse (Homo sapiens)
Activated ROCK phosphorylates MRLCs (Homo sapiens)
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The RHOA-ROCK-myosin pathway mediates neurite retraction by increasing the phosphorylation of the regulatory chain of myosin (Amano et al. 1998). Non-muscle myosin II (NMM2) is an actin-based motor protein that plays a crucial role in a variety of cellular processes, including cell migration, polarity formation, and cytokinesis. NMM2 consists of two myosin heavy chains encoded by MYH9, MYH10 or MYH14 (NMHC-IIA, B and C), two copies of MYL6 essential light chain protein, and two regulatory light chains (MRLCs), MYL9 and MYLC2B. Myosin II activity is stimulated by phosphorylation of MRLC. Diphosphorylation at Thr-19 and Ser-20 increases both actin-activated Mg2+ ATPase activity and the stability of myosin II filaments; monophosphorylation at Ser-20 is less effective. Kinases responsible for the phosphorylation include myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), ROCK kinase, citron kinase, myotonic dystrophy kinase-related CDC42-binding protein kinase, and Zipper-interacting protein (ZIP) kinase. ROCK activity has been shown to regulate MRLC phosphorylation directly by mono- (Amano et al. 1996) or di- (Ueda et al. 2002) phosphorylation of MRLC.
Participants
Input
ATP [cytosol]
Smooth muscle/non-muscle myosin II [cytosol]
(Homo sapiens)
Output
ADP [cytosol]
p-T19,S20-MRLC-smooth muscle/non-muscle myosin II [cytosol]
(Homo sapiens)
Participates
as an event of
EPHA-mediated growth cone collapse (Homo sapiens)
Catalyst Activity
protein serine/threonine kinase activity of RHOA:GTP:ROCK1,ROCK2 [plasma membrane]
Physical Entity
RHOA:GTP:ROCK1,ROCK2 [plasma membrane]
(Homo sapiens)
Activity
protein serine/threonine kinase activity (GO:0004674)
Inferred From
Myosin regulatory light chain phosphorylation by Rock2 (Gallus gallus)
Authored
Garapati, P V (2013-07-23)
Reviewed
Ip, NY (2014-05-19)
Created
Garapati, P V (2013-07-22)
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