Reactome | Transport of vitamins, nucleosides, and related molecules

Transport of vitamins, nucleosides, and related molecules

Stable Identifier

R-HSA-425397

Type

Pathway

Species

Homo sapiens

ReviewStatus

5/5

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Transport of vitamins, nucleosides, and related molecules

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This section groups the processes mediated by SLC transporters, by which vitamins and cofactors, as well as nucleosides, nucleotides, nucleobases, and related molecules cross lipid bilayer membranes (He et al. 2009).
The human SLC5A6 encodes the Na+-dependent multivitamin transporter SMVT (Prasad et al. 1999). SMVT co-transports biotin (vitamin B7), D-Pantothoate (vitamin B5) and lipoic acid into cells with Na+ ions electrogenically.
Four SLC gene families encode transporters that mediate the movement of nucleosides and free purine and pyrimidine bases across the plasma membrane. These transporters play key roles in nucleoside and nucleobase uptake for salvage pathways of nucleotide synthesis, and in the cellular uptake of nucleoside analogues used in the treatment of cancers and viral diseases (He et al. 2009).
The human gene SLC33A1 encodes acetyl-CoA transporter AT1 (Kanamori et al. 1997). Acetyl-CoA is transported to the lumen of the Golgi apparatus, where it serves as the substrate of acetyltransferases that O-acetylates sialyl residues of gangliosides and glycoproteins.
Nucleotide sugars are used as sugar donors by glycosyltransferases to create the sugar chains for glycoconjugates such as glycoproteins, polysaccharides and glycolipids. Glycosyltransferases reside mainly in the lumen of the Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) whereas nucleotide sugars are synthesized in the cytosol. The human solute carrier family SLC35 encode nucleotide sugar transporters (NSTs), localised on Golgi and ER membranes, which can mediate the antiport of nucleotide sugars in exchange for the corresponding nucleoside monophosphates (eg. UMP for UDP-sugars) (Handford et al. 2006).
Long chain fatty acids (LCFAs) can be used for energy sources and steroid hormone synthesis and regulate many cellular processes such as inflammation, blood pressure, the clotting process, blood lipid levels and the immune response. The SLC27A family encode fatty acid transporter proteins (FATPs) (Stahl 2004).
The SLC gene family members SLCO1 SLCO2 and SLCO3 encode organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs). OATPs are membrane transport proteins that mediate the sodium-independent transport of a wide range of amphipathic organic compounds including bile salts, steroid conjugates, thyroid hormones, anionic oligopeptides and numerous drugs (Hagenbuch & Meier 2004).

Literature References

PubMed ID	Title	Journal	Year
23506886	SLC27 fatty acid transport proteins Stahl, A, Anderson, CM	Mol. Aspects Med.	2013
14579113	Organic anion transporting polypeptides of the OATP/ SLC21 family: phylogenetic classification as OATP/ SLCO superfamily, new nomenclature and molecular/functional properties Meier, PJ, Hagenbuch, B	Pflugers Arch	2004
10334869	Molecular and functional characterization of the intestinal Na+-dependent multivitamin transporter Wang, H, Leibach, FH, Ganapathy, V, Huang, W, Devoe, LD, Prasad, PD, Fei, YJ	Arch Biochem Biophys	1999
19164095	Analysis and update of the human solute carrier (SLC) gene superfamily Nebert, DW, He, L, Vasiliou, K	Hum Genomics	2009
16981043	Nucleotide-sugar transporters: structure, function and roles in vivo Orellana, A, Rodriguez-Furlán, C, Handford, M	Braz J Med Biol Res	2006
9096318	Expression cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding a novel membrane protein required for the formation of O-acetylated ganglioside: a putative acetyl-CoA transporter Fukuda, M, Kanamori, A, Sasaki, K, Stallcup, WB, Hirabayashi, Y, Nakayama, J, Fukuda, MN	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A	1997