HTN1,HTN3 or HTN5 binds the bacterial anionic surface

Stable Identifier
R-HSA-6807144
Type
Reaction [binding]
Species
Homo sapiens
Compartment
ReviewStatus
5/5
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Histatins (HTNs) is a family of small histidine-rich peptides (18-28 mol%) that present in the saliva and secreted by parotid, sub-mandibular and sub-lingual salivary glands (Oppenheim FG et al. 1988; Troxler RF 1990; Gornowicz A et al. 2014). The members of HTN family are structurally related peptides of which histatin 1 and 3 are full-length proteins encoded by closely related loci of two distinct genes, HTN1 and HTN3 (Oppenheim FG et al. 1988; Troxler RF 1990; Sabatini LM et al 1993). The smaller peptides are generated by proteolytic cleavage of parent HTN1 and HTN3 proteins by salivary proteases during secretion (Troxler RF 1990; Castagnola M et al. 2004).

HTNs exhibited antibacterial activity in vitro against various bacteria, including S. mutans, P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. aeruginosa and St. aureus (MacKay BJ et al. 1984; Murakami Y et al. 1991; Payne JB et al. 1991; Nishikata MH et al. 1991; Sajjan US et al. 2001; Murakami Y et al. 2002; Giacometti A et al. 2005; Welling MM et al. 2007). HTNs were also active against complex mixtures of bacteria, such as those present in saliva and plaque (Helmerhorst EJ et al. 1999). The antibacterial activity of HTNs is thought to rely on electrostatic interactions of cationic HTNs with anionic phospholipids, such as phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin on the bacterial cell surface (De Smet K & Contreras R 2005). HTNs have also been shown to possess a fungicidal activity (Oppenheim FG et al. 1988; Troxler RF 1990). HTN5 (a product of HTN3 gene) is the most potent among all histatin family members with regard to its antifungal activity against C.albicans and C.neoformans (Xu T et al. 1991; Tsai H & Bobek LA 1997; Helmerhorst EJ et al. 2001).

Literature References
PubMed ID Title Journal Year
3286634 Histatins, a novel family of histidine-rich proteins in human parotid secretion. Isolation, characterization, primary structure, and fungistatic effects on Candida albicans

Offner, GD, Xu, T, Oppenheim, FG, Levitz, SM, Troxler, RF, Diamond, RD, McMillian, FM

J. Biol. Chem. 1988
24219363 Histatins: salivary peptides with copper(II)- and zinc(II)-binding motifs: perspectives for biomedical applications

Santone, C, Melino, S, Di Nardo, P, Sarkar, B

FEBS J. 2014
16215847 Human antimicrobial peptides: defensins, cathelicidins and histatins

Contreras, R, De Smet, K

Biotechnol. Lett. 2005
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