5-Phosphoribose 1-diphosphate biosynthesis

Stable Identifier
R-HSA-73843
Type
Pathway
Species
Homo sapiens
Compartment
Synonyms
PRPP biosynthesis, Synthesis of cytosolic 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate (PRPP) from D-ribose 5-phosphate
ReviewStatus
5/5
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5-Phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate (PRPP) is a key intermediate in both the de novo and salvage pathways of purine and pyrimidine synthesis. PRPP and the enzymatic activity responsible for its synthesis were first described by Kornberg et al. (1955). The enzyme, phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1, has been purified from human erythrocytes and characterized biochemically. The purified enzyme readily forms multimers; its smallest active form appears to be a dimer and for simplicity it is annotated as a dimer here. It specifically catalyzes the transfer of pyrophosphate from ATP or dATP to D-ribose 5-phosphate, and has an absolute requirement for Mg++ and orthophosphate (Fox and Kelley 1971; Roth et al. 1974). The significance of the reaction with dATP in vivo is unclear, as the concentration of cytosolic dATP is normally much lower than that of ATP. The importance of this enzyme for purine synthesis in vivo has been established by demonstrating excess phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase activity, correlated with elevated enzyme levels or altered enzyme properties, in individuals whose rates of uric acid production are constitutively abnormally high (Becker and Kim 1987; Roessler et al. 1993).

Molecular cloning studies have revealed the existence of two additional genes that encode phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase-like proteins, one widely expressed (phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 2) and one whose expression appears to be confined to the testis (phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1-like 1) (Taira et al. 1989; 1991). Neither of these proteins has been purified and characterized enzymatically, nor have variations in the abundance or sequence of either protein been associated with alterations in human nucleotide metabolism (Roessler et al. 1993; Becker et al. 1996), so their dimerization and ability to catalyze the synthesis of PRPP from D-ribose 5-phosphate are inferred here on the basis of their predicted amino acid sequence similarity to phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1.

Literature References
PubMed ID Title Journal Year
2537655 Tissue-differential expression of two distinct genes for phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase and existence of the testic-specific transcript

Tatibana, M, Yamada, K, Shimada, H, Taira, M, Iizasa, T

Biochim Biophys Acta 1989
4328836 Human phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase

Fox, IH, Kelley, WN

J Biol Chem 1971
4358634 Purification and properties of phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase from rat liver

Deuel, TF, Roth, DG, Shelton, E

J Biol Chem 1974
8702702 Overexpression of the normal phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase 1 isoform undelies catalytic superactivity of human phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase

Ahmed, M, Taylor, W, Smith, PR, Becker, MA

J Biol Chem 1996
2444588 Regulation of purine synthesis de novo in human fibroblasts by purine nucleotides and phosphoribosylpyrophosphate

Kim, M, Becker, MA

J Biol Chem 1987
2168892 A human testis-specific mRNA for phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase that initiates from a non-AUG codon

Kudoh, J, Tatibana, M, Shimizu, N, Shimada, H, Taira, M, Iizasa, T

J Biol Chem 1990
8253776 Human X-linked phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase superactivity is associated with distinct point mutations in the PRPS1 gene

Smith, PR, Switzer, RL, Heidler, SA, Becker, MA, Palella, TD, Roessler, BJ, Nosal, JM

J Biol Chem 1993
14392173 Enzymatic synthesis and properties of 5-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate

Simms, ES, Kornberg, A, Lieberman, I

J Biol Chem 1955
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