Glutamate and glutamine metabolism

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R-HSA-8964539
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Pathway
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Homo sapiens
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5/5
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These reactions mediate the synthesis of glutamate and glutamine from ammonia and TCA cycle intermediates and allow the utilization of the carbon atoms from these amino acids for glucose synthesis under fasting conditions. These reactions also provide a means to collect nitrogen, both as ammonia and as amino groups, and direct it towards urea synthesis. Transamination, the conversion of an amino acid to the corresponding alpha-keto acid coupled to the conversion of a molecule of 2-oxoglutarate (alpha-ketoglutarate) to glutamate, is the first step in the catabolism of most amino acids. Transamination reactions are freely reversible so they also provide a means to balance concentrations of various amino acids and 2-oxo (alpha-keto) acids in the cell (Felig 1975; Häussinger 1990; Owen et al. 1979).
Literature References
PubMed ID Title Journal Year
2205732 Liver glutamine metabolism

Häussinger, D

JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1990
1094924 Amino acid metabolism in man

Felig, P

Annu. Rev. Biochem. 1975
371355 Energy metabolism in feasting and fasting

Reichard, GA, Patel, MS, Boden, G, Owen, OE

Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 1979
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